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Battle of New Orleans , War of 1812 WMHSMUN XXXIV Battle of New Orleans, War of 1812 Background Guide “Unprecedented committees. Unparalleled debate. Unmatched fun.” Letters From the Directors Dear Delegates, My name is Azraf Khan and I am amped to be your in-room director for this Crisis Committee, the Battle of New Orleans. I am currently a sophomore at William and Mary planning to major in History and/or Government. Aside from the IR Club, I am a member of the Club Squash team, the College Socialists, as well as the Muslim Student Organization and a Greek Life Organization. I joined Model UN as a freshman last year and it quickly became one of my favorite things about campus life. The people, trips and memories are certainly something that I will always remember, and I hope that we can give some of those experiences to you during this committee. In such crazy times, we are very much looking forward to running a virtual committee with all of you. The topic of this committee is the Battle of New Orleans, one of the most famous battles during the War of 1812. This period of US History has always fascinated me, as it shows how early Americans carved out a place in the world for their individual identity. I encourage all of you to do a deep dive into this period and the lore and history of New Orleans to defend the city against the British. This committee is a Crisis committee, so we will have many crisis updates that you will work together to solve as a group using directives. You will also be able to write your own crisis notes directly to the dais for your own personal arcs. We will be sure to explain all of this more ~in depth~ at the start of the weekend. We are so excited to meet all you on conference weekend! If you have any questions, please feel free to reach out. Azraf Khan [email protected] Background Guide – Battle of New Orleans Dear Delegates, My name is Reeves Yanez and I am so incredibly excited to be crisis directing the Battle of New Orleans, War of 1812 committee. While I have lived in Norfolk, Virginia my whole life, most of my family is from New Orleans, and I have spent many a summer in the crescent city. I would be thrilled to talk about anything New Orleans including snowballs, Beignet (Morning Call is better), and how the Saints were robbed in the playoffs. At school I am a member of the MUN travel team and serve as the Director General of our middle school conference, WMIDMUN. As you prepare for this weekend you should strive to be creative and work with your fellow delegates. You should use actual history as a guide but should not be bound to it. I would like to see what decisions you would have made in these situations and how those decisions may change the course of history. Some of my most fun crisis experiences have come when I fully invested into the character I was portraying, and so I would encourage you to really think about the decisions and sacrifices these individuals made. I am well aware that preparing for a MUN conference can be challenging and confusing, and so I hope to clarify a few things. While a position paper is required, you should do some research and use part of your position paper to show us what you know. The rest of your position paper should give us an idea of where you are going. Tell us about what your plans are for your in-committee directives and help us get a glimpse into your crisis arc. A crisis arc is what your goal is for your character in committee. You should have a plan for what your crisis notes will be leading up to and work to achieve that. Every character in this committee has assets that they can use to influence the balance of committee behind the scenes, and so you should use these and work to build more in order to accomplish your goals. If you have any questions about crisis, feel free to email me or go to Best Delegate’s website, which has tons of resources on crisis committees. Finally, at WMHSMUN, we have a zero-tolerance policy for racism, sexism, homophobia, or any other forms of hate. I believe that everyone should be able to have fun and learn in an environment where they feel safe. If you have any questions about if something is acceptable please feel free to ask us, we will not judge or look down on you in any way for an honest question. If you have any questions or concerns, please feel free to reach out to us. Reeves Yanez [email protected] 2 Background Guide – Battle of New Orleans Dear Delegates, My name is Jessica Liu, and I’m super excited to be your Assistant Crisis Director for the Battle of New Orleans Crisis Committee! I’m from good ol’ Northern Virginia, but glad to travel slightly more south for my freshman year at William and Mary. I first started Model UN during my freshman year of high school and have been in love ever since (especially crisis, the superior committee!). This conference will be a much more different experience than being at a conference in person, but I hope that you will find it just as enjoyable! I anticipate seeing how you develop your characters with the scenario: The Battle of New Orleans. Crisis committees allow lots of opportunities for delegates to expand upon their given character, so don’t feel too constricted by your character or the scenario. I’m curious to see how everyone will flesh out their character arcs with the crisis updates, along with interactions between characters of different backgrounds within the New Orleans terrain. The history behind the battle is fascinating, and I hope that you will be able to use your character and their resources to the best of your ability! I want to stress that this committee is a safe learning environment, so don’t be afraid to ask questions and step out of your comfort zone! Crisis committees have a reputation for being very daunting and unapproachable, but I hope that you’ll come out of this conference with more insight on how crisis committees work and view this as a positive experience. During committee sessions, we will help clarify any motions that the delegate can take, along with other aspects of crisis committees. Don’t hesitate to contact me if you have any remaining questions or clarifications about crisis committees in general or concerning the Battle of New Orleans specifically. I wish you all the best, and I’m super excited to meet you all over Zoom! Jessica Liu [email protected] 3 Background Guide – Battle of New Orleans Causes of the War The major causes of the War of 1812 were the impressment of American sailors by the Royal Navy, British disruption of American trade, and provocation of Indians on the western border. While all of these causes contributed to the outbreak of conflict, the most important issue was impressment. While the British Parliament officially ended the policy before the declaration of war, due to the long travel time for news to reach across the Atlantic, it was too late to avoid conflict. Initial provocations originated from trade disputes. England was fighting France in the Napoleonic Wars and passed the Orders in Council, effectively preventing the Americans from trading with the French and severely limiting the access of American traders to their colonies in the Caribbean. This was followed up by a blockade of French ports by the Royal Navy that allowed the British to enforce these limitations. This decision fostered discontent among American traders, who believed they had a right to trade with any foreign power, viewing this act as a form of continued colonialism. Enforcing their blockade and continuing to fight the Napoleonic Wars took its toll on the British who needed more sailors to man their ships. This was partly due to many British sailors joining the crews of American flagged vessels to avoid service to the Royal Navy. In order to prevent this the Royal Navy began a practice known as impressment, in which they would stop American flagged ships and search for alleged Royal Navy deserters onboard. This often led to American citizens being forced into service in the Royal Navy. By some estimates, up to 10,000 sailors were impressed by the Royal Navy, many of them full American citizens. This cemented great resentment among Americans back home, who saw impressment as a sincere challenge to American sovereignty. Impressment came to a head with the Chesapeake-Leopard affair. After leaving its port in Norfolk, VA, the small warship USS Chesapeake was attacked by much larger frigate, the HMS Leopold. The Leopold impressed four sailors off the US Navy ship, only one of whom was an Englishman. The other three were American citizens who had been previously impressed. One of the sailors was hung for treason and the other three were taken off to England to be imprisoned. This was a clear violation of international standards as a British ship fired at an US Navy ship, inflicting casualties just 12 miles off the coast of Virginia. It united the Federalist and Republican parties who both called for war over this act. US President Thomas Jefferson, however, knew the county was not prepared for war and proposed the Embargo Act as an alternative.
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