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Survival of Lac Insects (Kerria Lacca Kerr.) on Cajanus Cajan (L) Millsp

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Survival of Lac Insects (Kerria Lacca Kerr.) on Cajanus Cajan (L) Millsp Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(12): 173-182 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 12 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.912.024 Survival of Lac Insects (Kerria lacca Kerr.) on Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp. Sumit Kakade1*, Rahul Patidar1, Shivam Vajpayee1, Moni Thomas2, Niraj Tripathi2, A. K. Bhowmick1, Anubha Upadhyay3, A. K. Mandal4, H. L. Sharma5 and Sanjay Singh6 1Department of Entomology, 2Directorate of Research Services, 3Department of Plant Physiology, 5Department of Statistics, 6Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, India 4Indian Institute of Soil Sciences, Bhopal, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT K e yw or ds Growth and health of plants depends on the health substrate or soil, while growth and survival of phytophagous insects depends on the health of its host plants. Similarly, growth Survival, Kerria and survival of phloem feeders, including Lac insects (Kerria lacca) depends on the lacca, Cajanus cajan, Farmers, quality and quantity of phloem sap access to it. K lacca produce natural resin which is a Phloem feeder, cash crop and commodity of export. Commercially, K lacca is reared on the naturally Phytophagous standing trees of Butea monosperma, Zizyphus mauritiana and Schleicheria oleosa. But insect when it is reared on cultivated annual shrubby hosts like Cajanus cajan, soil health matters. In this context, a field experiment was conducted by rearing K. lacca on C. cajan Article Info grown on different substrates. The data reveals that the substrate combination of Kapu (45kg) + FYM (20kg) + T. viride was the best as it produced highest lac (288.33g) and Accepted: seed yield (838.33g) of C. cajan. The survival percent of Lac insect from brood lac 04 November 2020 inoculation to the harvest of lac crop was highest (41.83%) on C. cajan grown on Kapu Available Online: (45kg) + FYM (20kg) + T. viride. The study indicates the substrate play a major role in the 10 December 2020 growth of the host plants and survival of K. lacca. Introduction borer (Heinrichs et al., 2004) fruit borers (Thomas, 1992) and even root feeders (Potter Survival and growth of insects depends on the et al., 2002). availability of food (McGuinness, 1987; Gogi et al., 2012) and protection in an ecosystem Lac is secreted by Kerria lacca Kerr. (Colton, (Yumamura et al., 2006; Ayers et al., 2009), 1984) while feeding on the phloem sap (Kehr. quality (Gimnig et al., 2002) and quantity 2006; Kaushik et al., 2012) of the host range (Okech et al., 2007)) of the food is essential of over 250 plants (Roonwal et al., 1958; for the growth and survival of insects. Among Sharma). Commercially K. lacca is reared on herbivores, there are foliage feeders (Douglas, Butea monosperma (Sharma et al, 2015) 2003), phloem feeders (Kehr, 2006), stem Zizyphus mauritiana (Shah et al., 2014, 173 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(12): 173-182 Namdev, 2015), Schleicheria oleosa from July 2018 to last week of May 2019. (Roonwal, 1962), Flemingia semialata The mean daily temperature ranged from (Kumar and Rani, 2019) as well as Cajanus minimum 4.800C to 24.900C and maximum cajan (Thomas, 2003). Phloem is an 28.5 to 41.80 0C during the year 2018-2019. important mediator of whole plant communication (Ruiz-Mrdrano et al., 2001). Substrate: The seedlings of C. cajan was Plant nutrients are translocated through transplanted in used polypropylene bags phloem tissue as phloem sap (Douglas, 2003). (PPB) of size 93cm x 61cm filled with The quality and quantity of phloem sap substrate (Patent appl.no.201921005340A). influences the growth and survival of phloem There were three types or combination of feeders (Cisneros and Godfrey, 1999) like K. substrates used for the present field lacca (Mengel and Kirkby, 1987). Lac experiment. Substrate- S1 consisting of a production is also dependent on the phloem mixture of 45 kg river bed basin soil (Kapu) sap accessible to Lac insect. Earlier workers and 20kg well rotten Farmyard manure have studied Lac production in context to Lac (FYM) + Trichoderma viride), Substrate-S2 basal application of nutrients (Namdev et al., consisted45kg (FYM) + Trichoderma viride) 2016, Shah et al., 2014) and foliar application and Substrate-S3 was 65 kg (Table 3) river (Sharma et al., 2015; Gurjar et al., 2016; bed basin soil (Kapu) + Trichoderma viride). Ghugal et al., 2016). Thus, the present field The Kapu and FYM in the above ratio was trial conducted to study the survival of Lac thoroughly mixed with the help of a spade to insect on C. cajan growth on different obtain a homogenised substrate. combination of substrate treated with soil microbes. The physio-chemical property of the substrate is mentioned in the table (3). The substrate Materials and Methods was gradually filled into the PPB with help of a tasala followed by constant shaking the bag Survival of K. lacca on C. cajan grown on to ensure proper settlement and compactness different substrate combination was evaluated of the substrate in it. The 65 kg substrate in field trial in Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi filled PPB attains a dimension of 46 cm Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya height and 125 cm circumference. The PPB Pradesh. The field trial was conducted from was filled with substrate on the designated June 2018 to June 2019.The topography of spot in the layout of the experiment for the experimental area was fairly uniform. The clarity. Randomised Block Design experiment had seven treatments and three replications of C. Nursery raising of sapling cajan variety TJT- 501. Plant to plant and row to row spacing was 6ft x 6ft. There were three Nursery of C. cajan was raised in the month plants per replication in of each of the seven of May 2018 in the substrate (Kapu + FYM) treatments (Table 1). filled perforated polythene bag (18 x 16 cm) by sowing seeds treated with T. viride. Weather: The weather of Jabalpur region is Polythene bags were irrigated at weekly typically Sub humid, characterised by hot dry intervals. The seedlings were sprayed with summer and cool dry winter. It is favourable insecticides to prevent insect pest incidence. for the growth and development of C. cajan. The growing tips of the seedlings were nipped The total rainfall received during the crop at 10-12 days interval till its transplantation. season was 1162.90 mm, in 58 rainy days 174 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(12): 173-182 Transplantation of C. cajan saplings bearing good settlement of the Lac insects. Three such slots were made on each plant. C. cajan seedling on attaining a height Each slot was designated as S1, S2, and S3. varying from 1.5 feet to 2 feet were Stretching a thread between the index fingers transported to the main field. Each of the 63 of both the hands, the insects settled adjacent seedlings were placed at the base of substrate to the boundaries of the slot was carefully filled PPB. removed to make the slot clearly differentiate from the rest of the Lac insect settlement on The polythene bag of the C. cajan seedling the branch. was carefully removed without disturbing its root system of the seedling. The seedling with Digital recording substrate base was carefully transplanted in the PPB and pressed tightly from all corners, The crawlers of Lac insect are initially about followed by watering. The transplantation 0.5 mm in size. It is difficult to count from a was done in the evening hours of 15thAugust small area of 2.5cm2 slot. And if the size of 2018. the slot is increased, there will be again difficulty in counting more insects per slot. Brood Lac inoculation (BLI) Therefore the Lac insect settlement within the slot was digitally photographed with the help Rangeeni brood Lac purchased from M/s of a Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) Adarsh Lac Samiti, Jamankhari village, Tehsil camera fitted with 100 mm micro lens by Barghat, District Seoni, Madhya Pradesh, on settling it in manual mode with ISO 400 and 03.11.2018. The brood Lac was sorted for shutter speed of 4.5 to 6. Several pictures of predators free and good quality before the slot was taken for clarity, finally the best inoculation on C. cajan. Brood Lac stick click is selected. weighing 15 g was tied at the base of each C. cajanin the PPB on with the help of a twine as Digital counting per the treatments scheme of the experiment. The selected sets of best digital images from Lac insect count the DSLR camera were transferred to the Laptop, with the help of memory card reader. Live Lac insects were counted per 2.5 cm2 The images were opened in the “Paint 3D” (2.5cm length and 1.0cm width) space marked programme of the Microsoft Office 10 (Plate). on the Lac insect settled branches of C. cajan. After enlarging the image on the screen of the Laptop, the “Brush tool” on the Tool bar of Marking of slot the Paint 3D programme was selected. This was followed by selecting the thickness point Usually by 30 days of BLI, majority of the of the Calligraphy pen from 1 x to 18 x as nymph of K. lacca leaves the brood Lac and well as the contrast colour of the Brush tool. settles on the succulent branches of the host plant. Lac insect inserts its stylets into the Placing the cursor on the individual Lac insect phloem tissue and becomes sedentary. Thus, within the slot on the image displayed on the thirty days after BLI, branches with good Lac computer screen, when a left click of the insect settlement were randomly selected for mouse is done, a dot of the selected thickness marking of slot.
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