DOCSLIB.ORG

Dissmeyer Part 1 Pgs 1-52

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dissmeyer Part 1 Pgs 1-52 United States Department of Drinking Water from Forests Agriculture Forest Service and Grasslands A Synthesis of the Scientific Literature Southern Research Station George E. Dissmeyer, Editor General Technical Report SRS-39 The Editor: George E. Dissmeyer, Water Quality Management— Nonpoint Source Consultant, 145 Lake Forest Drive, NE, Eatonton, GA 31024. Cover photo: Hendersonville Reservoir Dam, Pisgah National Forest, North Carolina. Photo by Bill Lea. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement of any product or service by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or other organizations represented here. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ This publication reports research involving pesticides. It does not contain recommendations for their use, nor does it imply that the uses discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies before they can be recommended. CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fish or other wildlife—if they are not handled or applied properly. Use all herbicides selectively and carefully. Follow recommended practices for the disposal of surplus pesticides and their containers. September 2000 USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station Asheville, North Carolina Drinking Water from Forests and Grasslands A Synthesis of the Scientific Literature George E. Dissmeyer, Editor “after refreshing ourselves we proceeded on to the top of the dividing ridge from which I discovered immence ranges of high mountains still to the West of us with their tops partially covered with snow. I now decended the mountain about 3/4 of a mile which I found much steeper than on the opposite side, to a handsome bold runing Creek of cold Clear water. here I first tasted the water of the great Columbia river.” —from Meriwether Lewis’ journal, August 12, 1805 i Table of Contents Page Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................... ix Part I: Introduction Chapter 1: Goals of this Report ...................................................................................................................... 3 Douglas F. Ryan and Stephen Glasser The Importance of Safe Public Drinking Water ................................................................................................. 3 Drinking Water from Forests and Grasslands..................................................................................................... 3 The Purpose and Scope of this Document .......................................................................................................... 4 How to Use this Document ................................................................................................................................ 4 Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Literature Cited ................................................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 2: Drinking Water Quality ................................................................................................................ 7 F.N. Scatena Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 Chemical Properties ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Physical Properties ............................................................................................................................................. 20 Biological Properties .......................................................................................................................................... 22 Literature Cited ................................................................................................................................................... 25 Chapter 3: Watershed Processes—Fluxes of Water, Dissolved Constituents, and Sediment .................... 26 F.J. Swanson, F.N. Scatena, G.E. Dissmeyer, M.E. Fenn, E.S. Verry, and J.A. Lynch Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 26 The Integrated Hydrologic System ..................................................................................................................... 26 Effects of Nitrogen Deposition on Stream and Ground Water Quality .............................................................. 32 Sediment Production and Transport ................................................................................................................... 34 North Santiam River Case Study ........................................................................................................................ 35 Natural Disturbance Processes ........................................................................................................................... 36 Cumulative Watershed Effects ........................................................................................................................... 37 Management and Policy Considerations ............................................................................................................ 37 Research Needs .................................................................................................................................................. 38 Key Points .......................................................................................................................................................... 39 Literature Cited ................................................................................................................................................... 39 Chapter 4: Economic Issues for Watersheds Supplying Drinking Water ................................................... 42 Thomas C. Brown Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 42 Cost Minimization .............................................................................................................................................. 43 Opportunities for Cost Savings .......................................................................................................................... 45 Complexity ......................................................................................................................................................... 47 Cost Savings from Targeting Upstream Control Efforts .................................................................................... 48 Bringing About an Efficient Cost Allocation ..................................................................................................... 48 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................................... 50 Literature Cited ................................................................................................................................................... 50 iii Part II: Effects of Recreation and the Built Environment on Water Quality Page Chapter 5: Hydromodifications—Dams, Diversions, Return Flows, and Other Alterations of Natural Water Flows .................................................................................................................................... 55 Stephen P. Glasser Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 55 Effects of Dams and Impoundments on Water Quality ...................................................................................... 56 Water Diversion Structures and Water Import/Export Between Watersheds ..................................................... 57 Water Well Effects on Drinking Water Quality .................................................................................................. 58 Sewage Effluent and Sludge/Biosolids Applications to Forest and Rangeland ................................................. 58 Wetland Drainage ............................................................................................................................................... 59 Reclaimed Water and Return Flows ................................................................................................................... 59 Reliability and Limitations of Findings .............................................................................................................. 59 Research Needs .................................................................................................................................................. 60 Key Points .........................................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • SOLAR ECLIPSE NEWSLETTER SOLAR ECLIPSE November 2003 NEWSLETTER
    Volume 8, Issue 11 SOLAR ECLIPSE NEWSLETTER SOLAR ECLIPSE November 2003 NEWSLETTER The sole Newsletter dedicated to Solar Eclipses INDEX 2 SECalendar November Dear SENL reader, 6 Artis planetarium 6 CNN tonight 6 Antiquity of 'Dragon's Head and Tail' When we are finishing this newsletter, some of the die 7 New Sony videocamera with 3 Megapixel CCD hards are on its way to observe the total solar eclipse 8 Total irradiance graph 9 Eclipse retrocalculations of 23 November 2003. Indeed, some of the eclipse 10 Saros 139/144 and 129/134 chasers left with the icebreaker from South Africa to- 11 Question about eclipse seasons 11 Virus wards the Antarctic. Hopefully they will have a safe 11 Nasa Eclipse Site CD journey and we hope of course a safe return. 11 Picture Logo NASA WebPages 12 Fast question...... Many others will leave for Australia and will observe the 13 "Our Mr. Sun" 13 An eclipse/transit calculator for your mobile phone! eclipse from the air. We wish them of course all suc- 14 3d pix of eclipse cess with the observations of the eclipse. Hopefully we 15 25 october Mercury occultation by new moon 16 Giant sunspot approaching the Sun's centre will see some nice images of the eclipses, and their ac- 16 Live solar images , and northern lights counts in a few weeks time. 17 Satellites eclipsed 18 New Moon Oct 2003 The total lunar eclipse is another challenge for this 19 NASA Scientist Dives Into Perfect Space Storm 20 On the shortest time lap between tw o totalities in the same month.
    [Show full text]
  • The Curtis L. Ivey Science Center DEDICATED SEPTEMBER 17, 2004
    NON-PROFIT Office of Advancement ORGANIZATION ALUMNI MAGAZINE COLBY-SAWYER Colby-Sawyer College U.S. POSTAGE 541 Main Street PAID New London, NH 03257 LEWISTON, ME PERMIT 82 C LBY-SAWYER CHANGE SERVICE REQUESTED ALUMNI MAGAZINE I NSIDE: FALL/WINTER 2004 The Curtis L. Ivey Science Center DEDICATED SEPTEMBER 17, 2004 F ALL/WINTER 2004 Annual Report Issue EDITOR BOARD OF TRUSTEES David R. Morcom Anne Winton Black ’73, ’75 CLASS NOTES EDITORS Chair Tracey Austin Ye ar of Gaye LaCasce Philip H. Jordan Jr. Vice-Chair CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Tracey Austin Robin L. Mead ’72 the Arts Jeremiah Chila ’04 Executive Secretary Cathy DeShano Ye ar of Nicole Eaton ’06 William S. Berger Donald A. Hasseltine Pamela Stanley Bright ’61 Adam S. Kamras Alice W. Brown Gaye LaCasce Lo-Yi Chan his month marks the launch of the Year of the Arts, a David R. Morcom Timothy C. Coughlin P’00 Tmultifaceted initiative that will bring arts faculty members to meet Kimberly Swick Slover Peter D. Danforth P’83, ’84, GP’02 the Arts Leslie Wright Dow ’57 with groups of alumni and friends around the country. We will host VICE PRESIDENT FOR ADVANCEMENT Stephen W. Ensign gatherings in art museums and galleries in a variety of cities, and Donald A. Hasseltine Eleanor Morrison Goldthwait ’51 are looking forward to engaging hundreds of alumni and friends in Suzanne Simons Hammond ’66 conversations about art, which will be led by our faculty experts. DIRECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT Patricia Driggs Kelsey We also look forward to sharing information about Colby-Sawyer’s Beth Cahill Joyce Juskalian Kolligian ’55 robust arts curriculum.
    [Show full text]
  • Lick Observatory Records: Photographs UA.036.Ser.07
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c81z4932 Online items available Lick Observatory Records: Photographs UA.036.Ser.07 Kate Dundon, Alix Norton, Maureen Carey, Christine Turk, Alex Moore University of California, Santa Cruz 2016 1156 High Street Santa Cruz 95064 [email protected] URL: http://guides.library.ucsc.edu/speccoll Lick Observatory Records: UA.036.Ser.07 1 Photographs UA.036.Ser.07 Contributing Institution: University of California, Santa Cruz Title: Lick Observatory Records: Photographs Creator: Lick Observatory Identifier/Call Number: UA.036.Ser.07 Physical Description: 101.62 Linear Feet127 boxes Date (inclusive): circa 1870-2002 Language of Material: English . https://n2t.net/ark:/38305/f19c6wg4 Conditions Governing Access Collection is open for research. Conditions Governing Use Property rights for this collection reside with the University of California. Literary rights, including copyright, are retained by the creators and their heirs. The publication or use of any work protected by copyright beyond that allowed by fair use for research or educational purposes requires written permission from the copyright owner. Responsibility for obtaining permissions, and for any use rests exclusively with the user. Preferred Citation Lick Observatory Records: Photographs. UA36 Ser.7. Special Collections and Archives, University Library, University of California, Santa Cruz. Alternative Format Available Images from this collection are available through UCSC Library Digital Collections. Historical note These photographs were produced or collected by Lick observatory staff and faculty, as well as UCSC Library personnel. Many of the early photographs of the major instruments and Observatory buildings were taken by Henry E. Matthews, who served as secretary to the Lick Trust during the planning and construction of the Observatory.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020–21 Commencement Program
    Commencement UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER MAY 6, 2021 One Hundred Forty-Fifth Year of the University NORLIN CHARGE TO THE GRADUATES The first commencement at the University of Colorado was held for six graduates on June 8, 1882, in the chapel of Old Main. It was not until 40 years later, on September 4, 1922, that the first summer commencement was held. Since the first commencement in 1882, the University of Colorado Boulder has awarded more than 350,000 degrees. The traditional Norlin Charge to the graduates was first read by President George Norlin to the June 1935 graduating class. You are now certified to the world at large as alumni of the university. She is your kindly mother and you her cherished sons and daughters. This exercise denotes not your severance from her, but your union with her. Commencement does not mean, as many wrongly think, the breaking of ties and the beginning of life apart. Rather it marks your initiation in the fullest sense into the fellowship of the university, as bearers of her torch, as centers of her influence, as promoters of her spirit. The university is not the campus, not the buildings on campus, not the faculties, not the students of any one time—not one of these or all of them. The university consists of all who come into and go forth from her halls, who are touched by her influence, and who carry on her spirit. Wherever you go, the university goes with you. Wherever you are at work, there is the university at work.
    [Show full text]
  • South African Journal of Science
    South African Journal of Science volume 115 number 3/4 WomenWithout in Science Borders Volume 115 Number 3/4 March/April 2019 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF John Butler-Adam Academy of Science of South Africa MANAGING EDITOR Linda Fick Academy of Science of South Africa South African ONLINE PUBLISHING Journal of Science SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATOR Nadine Wubbeling Academy of Science of South Africa ONLINE PUBLISHING ADMINISTRATOR Sbonga Dlamini eISSN: 1996-7489 Academy of Science of South Africa ASSOCIATE EDITORS Priscilla Baker Leader Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape Time to say… John Butler-Adam .................................................................................................................... 1 Pascal Bessong HIV/AIDS & Global Health Research Programme, University of Venda Scientific Correspondence Parental care or opportunism in South African Triassic cynodonts? Nicolas Beukes Department of Geology, University Julien Benoit ............................................................................................................................ 2 of Johannesburg Alpha and sigma taxonomy of Lystrosaurus murrayi and L. declivis, Triassic dicynodonts (Therapsida) from the Karoo Basin, South Africa Chris Chimimba Department of Zoology and J. Francis Thackeray ................................................................................................................ 4 Entomology, University of Pretoria Teresa Coutinho Invited Commentary Department of Microbiology and In search of a place in history for mathematics:
    [Show full text]
  • Communications of the LUNAR and PLANETARY LABORATORY
    Communications of the LUNAR AND PLANETARY LABORATORY Number 70 Volume 5 Part 1 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1966 Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory These Communications contain the shorter publications and reports by the staff of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. They may be either original contributions, reprints of articles published in professional journals, preliminary reports, or announcements. Tabular material too bulky or specialized for regular journals is included if future use of such material appears to warrant it. The Communications are issued as separate numbers, but they are paged and indexed by volumes. The Communications are mailed to observatories and to laboratories known to be engaged in planetary, interplanetary or geophysical research in exchange for their reports and publica- tions. The University of Arizona Press can supply at cost copies to other libraries and interested persons. The University of Arizona GERARD P. KUIPER, Director Tucson, Arizona Lunar and Planetary Laboratory Published with the support of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Library of Congress Catalog Number 62-63619 NO. 70 THE SYSTEM OF LUNAR CRATERS, QUADRANT IV by D. W. G. ARTHUR, RUTH H. PELLICORI, AND C. A. WOOD May25,1966 , ABSTRACT The designation, diameter, position, central peak information, and state of completeness are listed for each discernible crater with a diameter exceeding 3.5 km in the fourth lunar quadrant. The catalog contains about 8,000 items and is illustrated by a map in 11 sections. hiS Communication is the fourth and final part of listed in the catalog nor shown in the accompanying e System of Lunar Craters, which is a_calalag maps.
    [Show full text]
  • Chickahominy River Recreational Access Study
    Chickahominy River Recreational Access Study Prepared by the Richmond Regional Planning District Commission October 31, 2007 Town of Ashland Counties of Charles City Chesterfield Goochland Hanover Henrico New Kent Powhatan City of Richmond Richmond Regional Planning District Commission 9211 Forest Hill Avenue, Suite 200 Richmond, Virginia 23235 Phone: 804.323.2033 Fax: 804.323.2025 www.richmondregional.org For the hearing impaired, call the Virginia Relay Center at 1.800.828.1120. Richmond Regional Planning District Commission Planning district commissions make government more efficient and effective through coordinated planning and program analysis. Virginia's General Assembly created planning districts in 1968 under the authority of the Virginia Area Development Act - revised as the Regional Cooperation Act in 1995 - “to promote orderly and efficient development of the physical, social and economic elements of the districts.” Through planning district commissions, now 21 in number, local governments solve mutual problems which cross boundary lines and obtain expertise from professional staffs and advice on making the most of scarce taxpayer dollars through intergovernmental cooperation. Members Town of Ashland Hanover County New Kent County Faye O. Prichard Amy M. Cheeley Brenda L. Snyder John E. Gordon, Jr. Stran L. Trout Charles City County Elizabeth W. Moorhouse Powhatan County Michael L. Holmes Robert R. Setliff Robert R. Cosby Chesterfield County Russel E. Holland Henrico County David T. Williams Renny B. Humphrey Thomas M. Branin R.M. “Dickie” King James B. Donati, Jr. City of Richmond Sherman W. Litton Richard W. Glover Kathy C. Graziano Kelly E. Miller Jerilynn T. Grigsby John C. Grier George A. Roarty David A.
    [Show full text]
  • Boston University Institute for Astrophysical Research 2014-‐15 Bi
    Boston University Institute for Astrophysical Research Stunning image of the spiral galaxy NGC891, which we Earthlings view edge-on, obtained with the Discovery Channel Telescope by Professor Elizabeth Blanton and her AS710 class. The dark dust lane is clearly visible, as is a collection of hot gas clouds (bright yellow spots) near the center. The galaxy lies at a distance of about 30 million light-years. 2014-15 Bi-Annual Report Period Covered: July 1, 2013 – June 30, 2015 Overview Introduction The mission of the Institute for Astrophysical Research (IAR) is to promote and facilitate research and education in astrophysics at Boston University. The IAR accomplishes this mission by administering research grants, enhancing the visibility of IAR members with funding agencies, coordinating the use of Boston University astrophysics facilities, promoting the design, development, and operation of Boston University instruments and telescopes, sponsoring regular seminars and occasional professional meetings, and actively engaging students of all levels in research. The primary research fields in which IAR astronomers are involved include blazars and other active nuclei of galaxies, clusters of galaxies, the formation of stars, the gaseous and ionized interstellar medium, the physical properties, evolution, and magnetic activity of stars, extrasolar planets, planet-forming disks around young stars, magnetic fields, high-energy phenomena, dark matter, and the large-scale structure of the universe. Executive Summary FY14 – FY 15 marked highly successful 16th & 17th years in the IAR’s mission to foster research in astrophysics at Boston University. The scientific productivity of IAR astronomers remained at a high level over these two years, resulting in the publication of 104 scientific papers in the peer-reviewed literature and garnering significant interest in the popular media.
    [Show full text]
  • The Messenger
    THE MESSENGER ( , New Meteorite Finds At Imilac No. 47 - March 1987 H. PEDERSEN, ESO, and F. GARe/A, elo ESO Introduction hand, depend more on the preserving some 7,500 meteorites were recovered Stones falling from the sky have been conditions of the terrain, and the extent by Japanese and American expeditions. collected since prehistoric times. They to which it allows meteorites to be spot­ They come from a smaller, but yet un­ were, until recently, the only source of ted. Most meteorites are found by known number of independent falls. The extraterrestrial material available for chance. Active searching is, in general, meteorites appear where glaciers are laboratory studies and they remain, too time consuming to be of interest. pressed up towards a mountain range, even in our space age, a valuable However, the blue-ice fields of Antarctis allowing the ice to evaporate. Some source for investigation of the solar sys­ have proven to be a happy hunting have been Iying in the ice for as much as tem's early history. ground. During the last two decades 700,000 years. It is estimated that, on the average, each square kilometre of the Earth's surface is hit once every million years by a meteorite heavier than 500 grammes. Most are lost in the oceans, or fall in sparsely populated regions. As a result, museums around the world receive as few as about 6 meteorites annually from witnessed falls. Others are due to acci­ dental finds. These have most often fallen in prehistoric times. Each of the two groups, 'falls' and 'finds', consists of material from about one thousand catalogued, individual meteorites.
    [Show full text]
  • Introducción
    Annual Report CAB 2018 INTRODUCCIÓN El Centro de Astrobiología (CAB) se fundó en 1999 como un Centro Mixto entre el Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) y el Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA). Localizado en el campus del INTA en Torrejón de Ardoz (Madrid), el CAB se convirtió en el primer centro fuera de los Estados Unidos asociado al recién creado NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI), convirtiéndose en miembro formal en el año 2000. La Astrobiología considera la vida como una consecuencia natural de la evolución del Universo, y en el CAB trabajamos para estudiar el origen, evolución, distribución y futuro de la vida en el Universo, tanto en la Tierra como en entornos extraterrestres. La aplicación del método científico a la Astrobiología requiere la combinación de teoría, simulación, observación y experimentación. Esta aplicación de la Ciencia fundamental a las cuestiones de la Astrobiología es el principal objetivo del CAB. La organización multi- y transdiciplinar del Centro fomenta la interacción de los ingenieros con investigadores experimentales, teóricos y observacionales de varios campos: astronomía, geología, bioquímica, biología, genética, teledetección, ecología microbiana, ciencias de la computación, física, robótica e ingeniería de las comunicaciones. La investigación en el CAB aborda la sistematización de la cadena de eventos que tuvieron lugar entre el Big Bang inicial y el origen de la vida, incluyendo la autoorganización del gas interestelar en moléculas complejas y la formación de sistemas planetarios con ambientes benignos para el florecimiento de la vida. El objetivo final es investigar la posible existencia de vida en otros mundos, reconociendo biosferas diferentes de la terrestre, para ayudarnos en la comprensión del origen de la vida.
    [Show full text]
  • Spr Summ11 Arrowhead Newsletter
    Vol. 18 • No. 2 • Arrowhead 1 Arrowhead Spring/Summer 2011 • Vol. 18 • No. 2 The Newsletter of the Employees & Alumni Association of the National Park Service Published By Eastern National FROM THE DIRECTOR Colorado National Monument ilestone ann- Miversaries are Holds Celebration of the Century cause for reflection, especially big ones like one hundred. olorado NM celebrated its 100th Intermountain Regional Director On the eve of Canniversary on May 21, 2011 with John Wessels noted that, long before the National Park 600 people gathered for the occasion in a Grand Canyon and Rocky Mountain Service centennial, festive canopy tent adjacent to the visitor became national parks, there was already there is a lot of center. U.S. Senator Mark Udall (D-Colo.), Colorado NM. He called Colorado NM looking back and celebrating, as there the keynote speaker, recalled that his uncle, should be. The National Park System, “ahead of its time” when it became the the late Stewart Udall, was a staunch as Wallace Stegner pointed out, is a 25th unit of the National Park System on remarkable American phenomenon. advocate for national parks in his role as May 24, 1911. John noted that the U.S. Interior secretary during the 1960s. monument has really come into its own But things have changed since the “The heart of our values is the belief days of John Muir, Teddy Roosevelt as a major visitor destination in modern and Stephen Mather. The world is a in freedom,” Senator Udall told the times and with a particularly dedicated drastically different place compared crowd.
    [Show full text]
  • Chondrules and Their Origins. Selected References
    331 1983chto.conf..331T SELECTED REFERENCES The following list ofreferences has been compiled over the past several years by Debbie Taylor and Elbert King, Department of Geosciences ofthe University ofHouston. This list includes papers that specifically refer to the origins of chondrules, assume an origin of chondrules, or provide some of the fundamental data from which ideas about the origins of chondrules have been developed. Doubtless, there have been many omissions in this rather extensive literature, but the compilers hope that the list will serve as a nucleus of relevant papers or researchers in this field. Additional references can, of course, be found in the standard texts. For the older literature, the work ''A Bibliography on Meteorites," edited by Harrison Brown and published by the University of Chicago Press in 1953, continues to be especially useful and complete. Adib D. and Liou J. G. (1979) The Naragh meteorite: A new olivine-bronzite chondrite fall. Meteoritics 14, 257-272. Afiattalab F. and Wasson J. T. (1980) Composition of the metal phases in ordinary chondrites: Implications regarding classification and metamorphism. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 44, 431-446. Alexander E. C., Jr. and Manual 0. K. (1969) Xenon in chondrules and matrix material of chondrites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 33, 298-301. Alfven H. (1971) Apples in a spacecraft. Science 173, 522-525. Allen J., Nozette S., and Wilkening L. L. (1979) Chondrule rims: Composition and texture (abstract). In Lunar and Planetary Science X, pp. 27-29. Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. Allen J. S., Nozette S., and Wilkening L. L. (1980) A study of chondrule rims and chondrule irradiation records in unequilibrated ordinary chondrites.
    [Show full text]