ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14

ANNUAL REPORT 2013- 2014

PREFACE 02 THE YEAR IN REVIEW 05 DIRECTOR’S REPORT 06 DIRECTOR OF JOURNALISM 08 INTERNATIONAL IMPACT AND INFLUENCE 10 FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 13 THE JOURNALISM FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME 14 FELLOWS’ FOCUS 15 JOURNALIST FELLOWS 2013-14 18 THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY 24 ALUMNI CAREER PROGRESSION 28 RESEARCH 31 DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH 32 DIGITAL NEWS REPORT 2014 34 THE EUROPEAN JOURNALISM OBSERVATORY 36 RESEARCH PROJECTS 37 RESEARCH ASSOCIATES 40 VISITING FELLOWS 41 PUBLICATIONS 45 EVENTS 51 ABOUT US 61 STAFF 62 GOVERNANCE 2013-2014 63 PARTNERS, BENEFACTORS AND SUPPORTERS 65

Opposite: Journalists shout slogans against the Interior Ministry in front of Press Syndicate in Cairo April 17, 2014. Protesters accused the ministry on Thursday of deliberately targeting journalists during their coverage of violence and conflict. The banner reads “Martyrs of the Egyptian press.” REUTERS/Amr Abdallah Dalsh 2 TIM GARDAM CHAIR OF THE STEERING COMMITTEE REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

THE REUTERS INSTITUTE IS ONE OF THE MOST SUCCESSFUL AND LARGEST INSTITUTES OF ITS KIND AT OXFORD. IT HAS BROKEN NEW GROUND EVER SINCE ITS CREATION 8 YEARS AGO. It has connected the world of academia to the real world of journalism and has charted the impact of the digital revolution in the past tumultuous decade as it has investigated the practices, ethics and business models of journalism. In consistently viewing journalism from a global perspective, the Institute has provided critical insights into the challenges and responsibilities of journalists in a world where markets and communications bring people closer together but politics and cultures seem to be veering further apart. As platforms have converged, it has considered what are the fundamentals of journalistic practice that distinguishes it from the limitless flood of other communication.

The Fellowship programme connects like-minded professionals who otherwise might never meet; its research has deliberately looked beyond the narrow confines of the academy to engage with business and public policy. David Levy and his team have become one of the most authoritative and influential voices in the field. This year John Lloyd, who was instrumental in imagining and creating the Institute, has stepped down as Director of Journalism. I would like to thank him, and Edward Atkin, an early patron of the institute, for all they have done to build in Oxford a new discipline and intellectual space that has made its mark both in Britain and internationally. ȗ David Levy on another very successful onanothervery David Levy year. to supporting theInstitute anditsmissionIcongratulate The ThomsonReuters Foundation remains strongly committed onthefastrobust views reshaping oftheindustry. invitation Board. to jointheRISJ Shewillbringvery Advisory leaders. Iamdelighted thatAriannaHuffington accepted our As theInstitute continues to grow, itattracts more influential landscape intheworld’s biggest democracy. on more specificissues,suchasthevibrant butflawedmedia FOUNDATION CEO, THOMSONREUTERS MONIQUE VILLA while publications like consumptioninsights into news trends anddevelopments, The Digital Report continues News to provide ground-breaking after the fellowship inOxford. had got apromotion since coming back to theirworkplace programme. Itwas interesting to seethathalf ofouralumni converged onOxford to celebrate ofthe the30thanniversary In September 2013,more than100oftheseprofessionals from 93countries, includingMyanmar, China,andTajikistan. To date, theInstitute hasreceived 546journalistfellows OWNERSHIP TO REGULATION. ETHICS TO FREEDOMOFSPEECH,FROM ARE RELEVANT TO THEIRPEERS;FROM IN-DEPTH RESEARCHONTOPICS THAT WORLD’S BEST JOURNALISTS TO CONDUCT HAS BECOME THEGLOBAL FORUMFORTHE AS JOURNALISM,THEREUTERSINSTITUTE IN APROFESSION THAT EVOLVES AS FAST India’s MediaBoom putthespotlight ȗ 3 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 2 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 5 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE THE YEAR IN REVIEW

An Ukrainian border post is seen through bullet holes in a truck’s windscreen on the outskirts of the eastern Ukrainian city of Luhansk June 3, 2014. REUTERS/Gleb Garanich 6 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 London October 20,2013.REUTERS/Olivia Harris. her memoir, ‘IAmMalala’, atthe SouthbankCentre incentral education, signsacopy ofherbookbefore anevent launching was shotintheheadbyTaliban for campaigning for girls’ Top Right: city ofRamallah May19,2014.REUTERS/Mohamad Torokman. controversial Israeli barrierinKfar AqabneartheWestBank uses atoy gunduringclashes withIsraeli troops overthe Right:

I was encouraged bythe the talent, courage, and conviction ofthepower optimism oftheeditors A Palestinian protester, holdingthePalestinian flag, and CEOs present, but and CEOspresent, above allinspired by Pakistani teenage activist MalalaYousafzai, who of journalismasa force for good. experiences from across theglobe. It was anexciting andinvigorating weekend ofdiscussion,debate, andexchanges of STATE OFJOURNALISMWORLDWIDE. PROGRAMME, WITHASYMPOSIUM ONTHE OF OURJOURNALISMFELLOWSHIP CELEBRATION OFTHE30THANNIVERSARY ONE HIGHLIGHTOFTHEPAST YEARWAS OUR ANNIVERSARY REUNION,SOFORME IN 2008COINCIDED WITHOUR25TH MY ARRIVAL AS INSTITUTE DIRECTOR DAVID LEVY DIRECTOR learn from theirexperience, to present ourrecent research, andto oldacquaintances. renew as aforce for good thatwas represented bythe100alumnithere. Itwas agreat opportunity to present butaboveallinspired bythetalent, courage, andconviction ofthepowerjournalism

I was encouraged bytheoptimismofeditors andCEOs 7 Many who returned to Oxford are among those who have learned an enormous amount from my colleague, John Lloyd. John was a key figure in the creation of the Institute in 2006 and as our founding Director of Journalism has played a critical role in the first eight years of the Institute’s life, through his writing and editing, his chairing of so many seminars, but above all the friendship and mentoring – and willingness to share his huge knowledge of journalism across the globe – that he has extended to so many of our journalists. Sadly John stepped down as ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE Director of Journalism in Summer 2014 but will continue as a Senior Research Fellow and be closely involved in our work. Indeed in Autumn 2014 the Institute will publish not one but two books by John, Reporting the EU: News, Media and the European Institutions contributed to the different projects and to Our fellowship programme continues to go and Journalism and Public Relations: News our Director of Research, Robert G. Picard, from strength to strength under the leadership Media and PR in the Digital Age, which as well for leading many of them. Our success in so of James Painter. As James reports on p.14, as being fascinating in themselves, testify to many of these areas depends on the energy we had a remarkably talented group of his ability to deliver high-quality and timely of our writers, collaborators, and committee journalists in the past year and I was delighted completed manuscripts with a speed that members, as well as the generosity of our that for a second year Tim Suter advised our leaves many of us in awe. sponsors and supporters. I would like to fellows from South Korea. As James notes, thank our Steering Committee members this was also the first year of a new fellowship We have had a record year in terms of our and its Chair, Tim Gardam, the members agreement with the Fritt Ord Foundation in events, research, and publications and I of our Academic Advisory Committee led Norway and we were delighted to welcome am enormously grateful to all those who by Stephen Coleman which met this year, two fellows to the Institute. I had the good and our Editorial Committee. I would like fortune to work very closely with one of them, to particularly thank our core funder, the Knut Erik Holm of the Norwegian Public Thomson Reuters Foundation, which under Broadcaster NRK, in supervising his work on the leadership of Monique Villa and Chairman, the debate on public broadcasting in Norway. David Binet, has been so supportive of He returned to Norway in July and I was our work. Similarly the Atkin Foundation’s extremely saddened to hear the news of his generous support for John Lloyd’s work death in September 2014. Our condolences go over the past eight years has made a huge out to his family and many colleagues at NRK. contribution to the success of the Institute’s The year ahead promises to be a very first phase. We are very grateful to our many productive one. As I write this we are other sponsors, listed on p.65. preparing a trip to Japan to reconnect with Our various publications and projects make alumni there and to meet leading news many demands on our staff, who work organisations. Our flagship publication, incredibly hard to ensure success. This has the Reuters Institute Digital News Report, is been a year of great change in our team. attracting even more attention and looks set Rebecca Edwards left in April and Tanya to expand beyond its current 10 countries. Vale left as our Administrator in June to be And we are hopeful that pilot work on a new replaced by Kate Hanneford-Smith, who Media and Politics index taking place this knows the Institute very well from her work autumn might lead to the creation of another here since 2006. Finally Meera Selva, a former major comparative media research product. journalist fellow, left us in July, after a year Finally, in recent months we have launched as the first researcher working on the a new and much improved RISJ website European Journalism Observatory English which should make it even easier for our website, to take up a job in Berlin for a many friends and supporters to keep in touch new English-language publication with our work, and to let us know about your launched by Handelsblatt. reactions to what we are doing. ȗ 8 2 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REUTERS/Tyrone Siu. chief editor ofthe Ming Pao newspaper on February 26, 2014. press following thebrutal attack onKevin Lau, theformer part inthedemonstration to showsupport for freedom of the journalists inHongKongMarch 2,2014.People are taking “They can’t killusall”duringamarch againstviolence on Opposite Bottom: in BerlinSeptember 16,2013. REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch. of herelectioncampaign tour busbefore aCDUboard meeting Opposite Top:

about journalismworldwide. producing aglobal narrative nature...is proving to bea great innovation: for itis great The Institute’s hybrid German Chancellor AngelaMerkel stands infront Demonstrators carry abannerthatreads audience – Spain, Poland, Netherlands, Italy, etc.). organisations news Onlythosefew whichclaimaglobal all lookatitthrough theprismofaparticular nationalinterest –what’s theEUdoingfor us?(in circulation newspapers; more thosemediawhichdevote timeandspace whileeven to itnearly important centre of power haslittlecoverage andmass inthemostpopularmedia,television states. Thatisimportant because weare faced withtheparadox that alarge andcrucially One isonhowtheEuropean Unioniscovered mediaoftheEuropean bythenews member published thisautumn, illuminate that. evidence ofthese aims.Therelatively long pieces ofworkwehavedone inthepast year, to be The research wehavepublishedovertheeightyears oftheRISJ’s life hasbeeninvarious ways found andtold. space allow. Withthatgoes abeliefthatthetruth,for journalism,issomething whichcan be andonitsresponsibilitysignificant to events seekto publishasmuchofthetruthtimeand statusjournalism, onitsnecessary asaninquirer, investigator, andcommentator onallandany Our underlyingaimhasbeento insistonasmuch independence aspossiblefor thepractice of entertainment, orasamere ofandpropagandist servant for power. Wethoughtthatwas wrong. In bothdemocratic andauthoritarian societies, ithasoft research, anddebate inquiry, onjournalism–was thatjournalismmattered greatly, everywhere. Programme, runningfor more thantwodecades, was merged idea, withanew acentre for A fundamental beliefoftheInstitute, from itsbeginning –whenthe Reuters Fellowship AT CLOSE QUARTERS. HAVE BEENINVOLVED, ORSEENDEVELOP RESEARCH ANDDEBATES WITHWHICHI RECENT RESEARCH,AREFLECTIONONTHE WITH AMENTIONOFCURRENTAND I WILLDO, IWOULD LIKETO INCLUDE, SINCE THISISTHELAST OFTHESEPIECES CLOSELY ATTACHED TO ITS WORK –BUT RESEARCH FELLOW OFTHEINSTITUTE, JOURNALISM. IWILLREMAINAS ASENIOR THIS ISMYLAST REPORTAS DIRECTOR OF JOHN LLOYD DIRECTOR OFJOURNALISM EU; and most media–except thoseproduced, largely, for partial aglobal job elite –doavery own claimsto part beanecessary ofademocracy: thepopularmedia didlittleto explainthe produced what isimportant to them.Intwoothersenses, itisarguably failing to liveupto its In onesense,thisisjournalismdoing whatitshould:telling thepeoplefor whomitiswritten or European andaglobal level. of governance andofauthority(orlackit)whichoperates, whether wellorbadly, onbotha BBC, theinternational wire asThomsonReuters services andBloomberg –treat itasacentre The Economist , the International New York Times en beenseenaseitherlittlemore than , the FT , the Wall Street Journal , the 9 and thus hold the EU and its institutions to too small an account.

We have also produced a piece of research on the state of the relationship between journalism and public relations. The starting point for this was the view that journalism, for the past century and more, could not be properly understood without understanding the power, the practice, and the strategies of PR – since these two trades have been mutually dependent since the early years of the 20th century, and have become more so ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE as the years have gone by. Public relations is now the main means whereby corporations, institutions, and projects present themselves to the world: PR people are the main interlocutors for journalists seeking information about all of these.

In addition, that branch of public relations All of these issues must be understood better which deals with politics and politicians – so that we know better in what contexts our political communications – has enveloped journalism is situated. This is especially so politics in both democratic and non- in the growing media markets of India and ... the Reuters Institute democratic states to the point where China; and in those states where journalism has established itself... political communicators set much of the labours under restraint, as (again) China, as one of the world centres public programmes for politicians, and are many of the former Soviet states including more deeply concerned than ever in craft ing Russia, the Middle East, and elsewhere. The of reflection and debate strategy so that it is made more eff ective Reuters Institute is particularly fortunate in on journalism. in its presentation. The developments in having had, and in continuing to attract, mid- political communications – especially in the career journalists from these and other states United States, where spending on political who bring to us experiences and insights PR outstrips the rest of the democratic world into journalistic cultures quite diff erent from – have used the leaping popularity of social the West European and North American media to establish new relationships between models, and also bring their concerns and candidates and public. frustrations at the limits imposed upon them. The Institute’s hybrid nature – a fellowship These two pieces of research – quite lengthy programme stuck together with a research and published in the Challenges series as enterprise – is proving to be, accidentally, short books – take their place with other a great innovation: for it is producing, and research and publications that we have will continue to produce, a global narrative done. The work on the journalism of climate (actually, many narratives) about journalism change and the environment, and of science worldwide. – led by James Painter, the Director of the Fellowship Programme – has put RISJ in the In the eight years of its existence, the Reuters lead in understanding how climate change Institute has established itself, especially in is represented round the world. We have the last five years, as one of the world centres done work on the BBC; on how journalism of reflection and debate on journalism. It is has changed in Egypt, the largest state an increasingly inspiring place in which to in the Middle East; on the importance of work, and an increasingly attractive place documentaries; on new internet startups. for Journalist Fellows and Visiting Fellows Our Journalist and Visiting Fellows, staff , and to come to bring their insights and share Research Associates have written on journalism those of others. It has been able to situate and drones; on impartiality and objectivity; itself squarely at the centre of the vast and on public service TV round the world; on oft en alarming changes which journalism is media and democratisation; on investigative undergoing: and it will continue to do so. ȗ journalism in China – and much more. 10 INTERNATIONAL IMPACT AND INFLUENCE REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE 80 20 546 EVENTS PUBLICATIONS ALUMNI FROM 93 COUNTRIES

9,000 17,000 5,500 VIEWS OF 44 PODCAST TWITTER YOUTUBE VIDEOS DOWNLOADS FOLLOWERS INTERNATIONAL PRESENCE from India( (the Participants included ‘An excellent andvery valuable initiative’ 21st-century organisation. news discussions onkey opportunities andchallenges inrunninga leaders from industry 10countriesNews met inOxford for Editor-in-Chief andCEOForum CONVENING POWER Zeitung Naciòn Turkey, China, Australia, andBrazil. in 17countries includingIndia,Spain, RISJ Directors spoke onfive continents See p. 34for full details. Translated into four languages. international mediaoutlets. Press coverage in120 consumption in10countries. insightsaboutdigital New news Digital News Report 2014 Financial Times from Argentina), andEurope (the , Berlinske The Hindu , andtheHuff ) and ), Japan (the Alan Rusbridger Natalie Nougayrède ington Post Italy). Asahi Shimbun (the IrishTimes Guardian ( Le Monde ), LatinAmerica ( , Neue Zürcher ), Lionel Barber ) withothers La La

Award 2014 American Political Science Association of Representatives Committee onEnergy andCommerce. the spin-off Robert G.Picard James Painter POLICY-MAKING ANDPRIZES Select Committee onScience andTechnology. young researcher’. field ofbusiness-oriented humanitiesandsocialscience bya in recognition of‘a significant contribution to research inthe Danish Tietgen Award published onpolitical communication inthelastten years’. Arijit Sen(2010-11) EXCELLENCE INJOURNALISM RAMNATH GOENKA AWARD FOR Luke Harding (2006-2007) READS OF2014’ HUFFINGTON POST’S ‘10BRILLIANT Pallavi Aiyar (2007-2008) YOUNG GLOBAL LEADERSCLASS OF2014 Saska Saarikoski (2011-2012) BONNIER JOURNALIST OFTHEYEAR2014 ALUMNI ACHIEVEMENTS 1 (2) (1) 3 (4) (3) to to Rasmus KleisNielsen ofTribune Publishingfrom Tribune Corp. to theUS House gave evidence to theHouseofCommons provided independentexpertassessmentof to

(4) Rasmus KleisNielsen

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(pictured left ‘TheSnowden Files’ (1) Doris Graber ) for ‘thebestbook

11 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 2 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 13 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME IMPROVING THE STANDARDS OF INTERNATIONAL JOURNALISM

A couple wades in floodwaters brought by tropical depression ‘Agatonæ in Kabadbaran, Agusan del Norte, in the southern Philippine island of Mindanao, January 19, 2014. REUTERS/Erik De Castro 14 THE JOURNALISM FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME JAMES PAINTER REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

WE WERE DELIGHTED TO CELEBRATE ANOTHER ‘FIRST’ FOR THE FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME THIS YEAR: UNDER THE AUSPICES OF A FELLOWSHIP AWARD FROM A NEW SPONSOR, OUR FIRST NORWEGIAN JOURNALISTS JOINED THE PROGRAMME..

The Fritt Ord Foundation’s Preben Munthe Fellowship, named after the Norwegian economist, sent two journalists to Oxford for a term each: Knut Erik Holm1, the former foreign news editor at the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK), and Mikal Hem, a freelance journalist and author who has worked for the the two biggest tabloids in Norway, Dagbladet and Verdens Gang.

It was also the first time for many years that we had a journalist from Greece. Despoina Trivoli has been working as a journalist for 10 years in both Athens and London for a variety of publications. Despoina’s presence on the programme was particularly timely as she offered in-depth research and insights into the Greek financial crisis, and the ways it has affected mainstream and new media.

They were among 22 journalists from 15 countries attending the programme (Australia, Austria, Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Finland, Greece, Hungary, India, Kenya, Palestine, Russia, South Korea, Syria, and the UK). We were particularly pleased to have a Syrian journalist, Rima Marrouche, based in Beirut, sponsored by the Saïd and Asfari Foundations for the second year of their funding.

Special congratulations go to this year’s ABC Fellow Kellie Riordan, whose paper Accuracy, Independence, and Impartiality: How Legacy Media and Digital Natives Approach Standards in the Digital Age has received an unprecedented amount of international press coverage, with articles and opinion pieces in the Guardian, Nieman Lab, the Conversation, the Ethical Journalism Network, and invitations to speak at the Indian Ministry of Information and Broadcasting; Queensland University of Technology; and the 2014 Journalism Education and Research Association of Australia conference.

The various visits to UK-based media organisations, the large number of seminars organised by the RISJ and the wider university, and the research papers remain the key components of the programme. But it remains the shared experiences of journalists coming from different cultures and media landscapes that provide the glue to the programme.

As ever, we remain immensely grateful to our sponsors who have continued to support the programme and have allowed it to flourish.

1We were very sad to learn that Knut Erik died in September 2014 after his return to Norway. His completed research paper is on uro website. that theIslamicState to spread. istrying wouldnotbepartsign thatthey oftheterror Islamic State. Others refused to watchasa it, beforeFoley hewas decapitated bythe watched withhorror thefinalvideoofJames Committee to Protect Journalists.Many sincethe country 1992,according to the journalists, with68journalistskilledin Syria remains thedeadliest for country RIMA MARROUCHE MEDIA INTERNATIONAL THE DARK BY SYRIA LEFTIN FRESH PERSPECTIVES GLOBAL ISSUES, FELLOWS’ FOCUS: poignantly inhispiece for the travelled onassignmentinto Syria,putit Tom A.Peter, afreelance journalistwhoalso asawhole. about theindustry freelancers’ workinconflict zones, butalso ongoing discussionabouttheethics ofusing ofnotpayingpolicy ransoms andthe been taking place: ontheUS government 2012. Since hisdeath aheated debate has and was in kidnappedinsidethecountry wasFoley aUS journalistwhocovered Syria entering and thecountry even fewer journalists fewer even understandably so. death, there willbe Now, aft er Foley’s New Republic : mountain. REUTERS/Rodi Said. walk towards theSyrianborder, ontheoutskirtsofSinjar violence from forces loyalto theIslamicState inSinjartown, shoulders oflocal journalistsand activists. haslargelyno otherconflict, fallen nowonthe the responsibility to gather like thenews, in to HumanRights’.Observatory Itseemsthat to activists’or‘according to theSyrian Most ofthesourcing wouldbe:‘according when itwas stillthesubjectofmainheadlines. Syria hasbeenlargely left war andpeopleleft first-hand fewer even accounts oftheraging itistroubling thatthereNevertheless willbe as weare sooft understandably isworthyourlife, so. Nostory journalistsenteringand fewer thecountry Now, aft of kidnappingsbegan to increase dramatically. dangerous since winter 2012whenthenumber more andmore diff for days.Thesevisitshavebeen justafew foreign journalistswouldenter thecountry months dueto securityconcerns, inSyria to theirhotel rooms andcompounds for While inIraq, foreign journalistswere confined problems andchallenges. Syriaisnoexception. conflict comesEvery withitsownset of indefinitely detained.best, his war, andthatnowhewouldbekilledor, at thought thatitwas nothiscountry, itwas not When Peter was detained himselfinSyriahe the stories heputinfront ofthem. the topics hecovered withoutbotheringto read eagerly formed opinionsonhisprofession and happened, whichisthathediedwhilepeople the truth.It’s harder to accept whatreally inform anAmerican publicyearningto know such anextraordinary person diedstrivingto Now thathe’s gone,Iwishcould believe that Left :

Displaced peoplefrom theminorityYazidi fleeing sect, er Foley’s death, there willbeeven en told injournalismschool. icult andmore andmore behind. in the dark, even even inthedark,

ȗ 15 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 16 2 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 2 1 billion dollartelecom scandal. for aMPwhowas later heldresponsible for a and promising to lobby for ministerial berths ‘window dressing’ signednewspaper columns tapes showedsenioreditors andjournalists Modhi’s jobwas madeeasy: theNeera-Radia stripping thetraditional mediaofitscredibility. The first stage involvedbeating downand started longbefore 2013. campaign bordering was onthesinister. clever It tried to jumponto theModibandwagon. Modi’s year-long campaign thatthetraditional media indeed itwas onlyinthelater stages ofhis media playedlittleornopart inhisvictory, electioncampaigns.previous Thetraditional back to Parliament was diff The Modijuggernaut thatcarried theBJP onits traditional mediaisadefiningone. suspicion bordering oncontempt ofthe hangover, isinplace. Amongitsmanytraits, first Indiangovernment withnocolonial thatdefinesitselfasthe government, A new SUDHI RANJAN SEN MANUFACTURING MODI’S MEDIA http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/for-just-rs-50-000-mps-agree-to-lobby-for-fake-foreign-firm-cobrapost-sting-458004 http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/narendra-modi-lands-in-uttarakhand-flies-out-with-15000-gujaratis/ erent from allother predictions of15%growth, theeconomic Now Modiisinpowerand,despite therosy voter towards ModiandtheBJP. the socialmediahelpedshepherd thefloating Inaway these constantachieve? messages in inundated thesocialmedia. other mostlyimaginedqualitiesofModi, governance, ModitheSuperman,andmany Modi’sof development, alleged flawless promotion ofthedoubtful Gujarat model messages thatwere pro-Modi: therelentless Stage twoinvolvedmanufacturing successfully. Stage onewas complete. accounts. Themessenger was shot through fake Twitter, YouTube, andFacebook thus generated was amplifiedbymessages of whichwas engineered. flood unleashed onsocialmedia–much conviction andwere easily drowned inthe lacked inmanycasesonly weak, they wrongdoing. But thedenialswere not The journalistsinquestiondeniedany

...hostility to themedia as government policy is alsonotatrait ofa mature democracy. 1 Thetrustdeficit 2 Whatdidthis articleshow/20724044.cms ,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAvdUHHr0KY REUTERS/Anindito Mukherjee outside theBJP headquarters inNew DelhiMay26,2014. aft in agood product. will perhapsbeattractive enoughfor investment over thecounter, ademandfor good toothpaste be equated withtoothpaste andcondoms sold To ifjournalismisonlyfor profit wit, andisto of thebargain. Itmustdemandgood journalism. profession, society atlarge needsto fulfil itspart profession, andforce theshadyoutof journalists mustrecommit themselvesto the and sensationalismmustend.Third, justas –the‘hesaid’and‘shejournalism of news there grammar isaneedto challenge thevery traditional mediaare to regain Secondly, trust. standards andvisiblequalityenforcement ifthe needto havehigh look within.There isacrying lies inseveral directions.themediamust First, therefore,What, istheway forward? Thesolution better profits bycooperating. platforms andthecorporation gains more and win for both:thegovernment isridofpeskynews favours inothercommercial ventures. Itisawin- cooperating withthegovernment bymeans of to thecorporate ownerwho maybecoerced into providing perfect economic logicandsocialcover been deliberately andsystemically bleddry, run theriskofbeingdisbanded aft platformsAlso, –profitable news – orotherwise That iswhere thedanger lies. motto appears innewsrooms to beonlyprofits. ideal situations occur inthereal world.The is anideal situation, andrarely, ifanyatall,do need notalways beonopposingsides.Butthat entered themedia.Corporate housesandmedia guaranteed. bigcorporate Afew houseshave media thatisunfolding. isnolonger Survival expansion hidethegreat tragedy oftheIndian democracy. Therosy figures ofgrowth and government isalsonotatrait policy ofamature Buthostilitytothe government. themediaas provided withafavourable atmosphere by It isnoone’s argument thatmediamustbe thrown atastory. resources andfewer Fewer are available to be areNewsrooms shrinkingatthespeedoflight. the ‘party line’ isgetting stronger bytheday. increasingly hemmedin;theneedto follow encouraging. Reporters andeditors are the traditional Indianmediaisfar from and more importantly moral health of Above: er Narendra ModiwassworninasIndia’s primeminister,

Supporters ofBharatiya Janata Party (BJP) celebrate,

ȗ er they have have er they 17 THE CHALLENGES FACING EDITORS IN KENYA CATHERINE GICHERU ...market forces and the highly ethnicised political environment pose the greatest threats to press freedom... REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

Kenyan editors no longer live in dread of a call from State House at crunch times demanding that a story be ‘killed’, as was once common during the Moi regime. They are however facing new and subtle challenges that have impacted on the Kenya media scene, which is considered to be one of the most robust and vibrant in the region.

Even though freedom of the press is enshrined in the constitution adopted in 2010 there are still several anachronistic laws that threaten press freedom. These include, among others, the 1967 Preservation of Public Security Act which gives the president sweeping powers to censor, control, or prohibit information that is deemed a security risk; criminal libel

the content but are usually the most badly paid. The concentration of media ownership in a small number of hands, oft en with strong political or business aff iliations, greatly influences editorial decisions. Self-censorship is rife, particularly when it comes to reporting on corporations, government departments, or agencies with a close aff iliation with the shareholders and owners of the media houses. Some of these companies share common board members with the media houses, thereby placing constraints on their and defamation laws; insult laws, the vaguely While political threats have diminished editorial independence. Soft censorship defined hate speech laws, and the Off icial somewhat – journalists are no longer being – where government departments refuse Secrets Act which prevents the release of detained on flimsy grounds, nor are media advertising to media outlets considered too information on security grounds. houses being raided by the government – critical – is prevalent and has forced editors market forces and the highly ethnicised political not to vigorously pursue stories that might be The most recent attempt to curtail media environment pose the greatest threats to press in the interest of the public but which might freedom was the enactment of the Kenya freedom and editors’ responsibility and can result in the loss of advertising. Information and Communication Act ȗ compromise the ethical decisions of journalists. which, among other items, prescribes harsh Top: Supporters of Kenya’s opposition Coalition for Reforms measures to be taken against individual Some media houses with precarious finances and Democracy (CORD) attend their rally dubbed “Saba Saba day rally” to demand dialogue with the government at journalists and media houses who contravene cannot aff ord to pay their reporters properly and the Uhuru park grounds in the capital Nairobi, July 7, 2014. the code of ethics. cases of ‘brown envelope journalism’ are not REUTERS/Noor Khamis. Above left : A man prays outside a church during a prayer for victims of the shooting attack uncommon, especially among the large cadre of at Westgate shopping centre, at a Kibera slum in Nairobi freelance correspondents who produce most of September 29, 2013. REUTERS/Goran Tomasevic 18 JOURNALIST FELLOWS 2013-2014 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

YOUSEF ALHELOU STEFAN ANTONOV ANDREY BABITSKIY

Country of origin: Palestine Country of origin: Bulgaria Country of origin: Russia Position at work: Freelance TV Position at work: Reporter, Economedia Position at work: Editor, Contributor, and radio reporter Sponsor: Wincott Foundation Columnist; Esquire, Russia; contributor to Forbes Magazine and Research project: Research project: Vedomosti (a leading The drivers and limitations of How the oligarchy in business newspaper). citizen journalist in Gaza Bulgaria has taken control Sponsor: Wincott Foundation This research paper aims to explore and of the economy and the Research project: analyse the rise of Gaza citizen journalists. political system Institutions versus technological In particular, the research focuses on their This paper claims that press freedom in optimism: Russian business motivation, and what media they use to bring Bulgaria has deteriorated as a result of the media on the Skolkovo the story of Gaza to the world. It asks several growing influence of certain oligarchic groups questions: Who are Gaza citizen journalists? over the political and economic governance innovation centre How is the information they provide diff erent of the country. Tailored legislation and Russian ‘Silicon valley’, or Skolkovo, was from the mainstream media? What are the competition cleansing go hand in hand with conceived as a charter space for kick-starting limitations they encounter? How has their abuses by the secret services, in order to innovations under the assumption that narrative about Gaza competed with that of promote the business of the ruling coalition Russian institutions are not particularly mainstream media in influencing perceptions between oligarchs and the political elite. In friendly to technological companies. A town in the West? this situation the media serve as a tool for with diff erent laws and rules, it was believed, manipulating public opinion and preventing would spur innovations in the country. Under resistance which might result in protests or this assumption, one could expect that the legal claims. The ‘rule of the oligarchy’ restricts institutional part of the story would get as entrepreneurship, slows income growth, and much coverage in the news as ‘pure business’ undermines the trust in post-communist matters. My research aims to learn whether this democracy. The key weaknesses of the was the case. Did the Russian media treat the Bulgarian political system are described and start-up city as an institutional experiment or these need to be addressed in order to strip the as a business enterprise? oligarchy of its power. of success ofindependentprintnewspapers. independence are rated highlyasthemeasure practitioners, quality content, andeditorial (3) Integrity andprofessionalism ofnews internet, to reach abroader audience. presented media,especiallymobile bynew are notexploitingthegrowing opportunities political/legal pressures. (2)Printnewspapers independence ofnewspapers, overandabove andtheeditorial the businessdevelopment present someofthebiggest challenges on especially from advertisers, andowner/editors, are that(1)Economic andbusinesspressures, the keyfindingsthatcan beappliedgenerally cannot beconsidered homogeneous, someof newspapers. Recognising thattheregion and opportunities thatthesepresent to the on printnewspapers, andthechallenges the internet, andsocialmediaare having media technologies suchasmobiletelephony, the impact ofnew thatthedevelopment newspapers can bemeasured andlooksat this paper suggests how thesuccess ofsuch print newspapers inKenya, GhanaandNigeria, ofindependent Looking atthedevelopment newspapers inSub-Saharan Africa Challenges facing independent Position atwork: Country oforigin: Research project: Sponsor: work anddeepenmyexpertise. CATHERINE GICHERU plenty of time to think of my plenty oftimeto thinkofmy because for once Ihavehad Thomson Reuters Foundation KIRSI HAKANIEMI I feel privileged, Editor, Kenya

The Star Keskisuomalainen received muchlessattention. insights into thecountry’s rapid transformation narratives thatmightoff economy, andenvironmental pollution.Other of dominantthemessuchaspolitics,the that coverage was restricted to ahandful and the websites oftheBBC, examining twodiff of mainstream mediareporting ofChina, This research involvedcontent analysis coverage ofChina pandas: mainstream media Politics, pollutionand Research project: Sponsor: Position atwork: Country oforigin: Nowadays anewspaper company isexpected newspaper inthedigitalage how to reinvent aregional technology company: From aprinthouseto a Research project: Sponsor: Position atwork: Country oforigin: The Economist DANIEL GRIFFITHS KIRSI HAKANIEMI

Helsingin SanomatFoundation

BBC erent weeks’coverage on . Initialfindingssuggested Journalist, BBC Digital MediaManager, Newspaper UK Finland er equallyimportant

New York Times

, the local community on every platform. the local community onevery culture, capabilities, (4)buildnew and(5)build (3)changemanagement, tasks to change the your ownbusiness, newspaper company, whichare (1)disrupt making thedigital transition inaregional gives examples andidentifiesfivesteps for democracy.mission inserving Theresearch about thelocal media,whichhaveanimportant regional press because there islessresearch transition andredesign itself. Itstudies the company inparticular can make thedigital thequestionofhowaregional newspaper possible? Thisresearch paper triesto answer modelsinthe digital revenue field.Butisit outnew same timediscovering andtrying decreasing numberofstaff to produce anewspaper withanever- correspondent, Syria/UK build theirmovementathome. tomovements from thehard workoftrying with theoutsideworldcan distract social mediaasawaytools to ofnew communicate and argues thatafocus ontheshinynew of usingmediato foment radical socialchange to thinkaboutthebenefitsanddisadvantages uses theSyrianconflict asapractical example experiences inreporting this paper theconflict, easily dismissitasatrap. Basedonmyown while criticstoo in Europe andtheMiddleEast, as apanacea for freedom-loving movements too oft uprisings ismired inhyperboleandcynicism; The relationship mediaand between new media andtheSyrian confl Good media,badpolitics? New Research project: Sponsor: Position atwork: Country oforigin: en boosters mediaeither thinkofnew JAMES HARKIN Thomson Reuters Foundation (2) create adigital-minded Freelance foreign UK

, whileatthe ict 19 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 20 Research project: The role of public broadcasters in the modern media landscape: a case study of NRK This research paper describes the debate about the position of Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) in the Norwegian media landscape. It is criticised for having too dominant a position, with its large public resources through the licence fee, and with an extensive off er on all platforms. Critics argue that NRK with its RUNFENG HE MIKAL HEM online off er distorts and obstructs the market, by competing with private players which try to

REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE find functioning business models. They also argue that its statutes are too wide. Newspaper circulation is decreasing, while online revenues Country of origin: China Country of origin: Norway Position at work: TV journalist, Position at work: Author and mostly are not big enough to compensate for China Central Television freelance journalist losses. The Norwegian government last year (Asia Pacifi c Bureau, Hong Kong) Sponsor: Fritt Ord Foundation triggered the debate by launching a review of Sponsor: Thomson Reuters Foundation NRK which will end up in a policy paper in 2015. 1 Research project: We were very sad to learn that Knut Erik died in Research project: September 2014 after his return to Norway but he Evading the censors: critical contributed this summary. His completed research paper How does the Chinese journalism in authoritarian states is on our website. government manage social All dictatorships and authoritarian states media? The case of Weibo exercise media censorship. But even in an As one of the most popular and influential environment of censorship and government social media, Weibo plays a significant role control, it is possible for journalists to find ways in promoting Chinese freedom of speech. to circumvent the censors and publish sensitive Since the summer of 2013, however, the material. Interviewing journalists and other Chinese government has further strengthened people who work with the media in Singapore, its control of social media, and launched a Malaysia, Russia, and Venezuela to find how the series of severe crackdowns against Weibo governments in these countries censor the media in particular. Through text analysis, in-depth and how journalists evade the censors, this interviews, case studies, and online field paper has identified several methods. The main studies, my research primarily focused on ones are as follows. (1) Phrase sensitive content three questions: (1) What measures does the in certain ways that disguises the true meaning. JARKKO JOKELAINEN Chinese government adopt to manage Weibo? (2) Use media outlets that are not traditionally (2) How does the Chinese government operate associated with political content, such as lifestyle in detail to manage Weibo? (3) Has the Chinese magazines and business media. (3) Share government significantly modified its public sensitive content with media outlets less likely to Country of origin: Finland opinion management in the social media be censored or with media abroad. (4) Use online Position at work: Reporter, arts and era? If so, how? Six major measures that the media and social media, where the governments culture, Helsingin Sanomat newspaper central government currently adopts were oft en exercise less strict control. Sponsor: Helsingin Sanomat Foundation identified in the research. I further generalised four major strategic adjustments that the Research project: Chinese government has made in its public Anyone can be a critic? Is there still opinion management in the social media a need for professional arts and era: (1) from ‘specialising in censorship’ to culture journalism in the digital age? ‘combining censorship with containment’; (2) This paper examines how the digital transition is institutionalisation; (3) personalisation; and (4) changing the work of arts and culture journalists from defensive to off ensive. and critics. The internet breakthrough has had a significant impact on the entire arts and culture industry which has directly aff ected journalism as well. Journalism has been forced to adapt quickly to the rise of digital media as new publications KNUT ERIK HOLM1 have been started online and criticism has found a new home in the blogs and social media. The days of arts and culture critic being the only authoritative voice are over. On the internet anyone can be a critic and any opinion will be challenged by the Country of origin: Norway readers. The paper examines how British quality Position at work: Foreign news reporter, newspapers have adapted to these changes, how Norwegian Broadcasting Corp. social media are used to spread arts news and Sponsor: Fritt Ord Foundation how new arts and music websites are faring. S. Paulo that shouldbetracked inthefuture. CDs andhard disks,isacultural phenomenon material through thedistributionofpendrives, interchange ofmediaandentertainment control (4)theinternet it; ‘off costs ofgoing onlineandcensorship to government islikely to keep usingthehigh should improve years, inthenextfew butthe (3) regarding theinternet, therange ofaccess debate aboutthereforms, althoughwithlimits; magazine Espacio Laical, thatreflects elite space for publications like theCatholic channel Telesur; (2)thechanges haveopened broadcasting ofVenezuela’s state-funded Cuba’s state press, whichnowincludesthe the freedom ofcritical material available in improvements intherange ofthemesand the reforms havecontributed to somesmall track geolocated tweets. Findingsinclude:(1) of internet usage intheislandusingtools which thepaper drawsinterviews, aninstant portrait formal powerin2008.Besidesfieldwork and and internet onCuba aft The research off internet underRaulCastro The changesinmediaand Research project: Sponsor: Position atwork: Country oforigin: FLÁVIA MARREIRO newspaper ThomsonReuters Foundation ers an overview of the media ofthemedia ers anoverview Reporter, Brazil er Raul Castro took line’, thewide

Folha de manipulation ofpublicopinion: Sponsor: sustainability whentheirinitialfunding isgone. both theircontent andtherealistic chances of radionew stations, lookinginparticular at radio stations. Thisresearch focuses onthe Saraqib), nineoppositionTVchannels,and25 magazines (suchas bi-weekly, monthly)includingchildren’s sixty newspapers andmagazines (weeklies, media projects established since March 2011: and consume information, withsome100new and theway citizens are ableto obtain, share, fundamentally inSyria thelandscape ofnews of information. TheSyrianuprisingchanged monopoly ofagovernment-controlled flow For decades, Syrianshavelivedunderthe radio start-ups opportunities inSyrian outlets: challengesand Syria’s post-uprising media Research project: Sponsor: Position atwork: Country oforigin: The NorthWind Research project: Position atwork: Country oforigin: RIMA MARROUCHE RIMA MARROUCHE KYOUNG EUIMIN Foundation for Broadcast Culture Saïd-Asfari Fellowship

Radio producer for NPR Zaitoun News reporter, MBC Syria South Korea (

and Zaitouneh ) asa in

the divisionsystem. North Wind,showinghowithaspiggybacked on ofthe ideologies andalsoexplored thehistory attitudes ofthenewspapers based ondiff in theSouthKorea. Itinvestigated thediff related to NorthKorea apolitical to goal achieve sometimes intentionally dodgingthefacts on mediacoverage, distorting, exaggerating, Wind –theexploitation ofNorthKorean issues journalism through thelensofNorth the eff a manipulationofpublicopinionstudied My research into theNorthWind( system onKorean journalism the eff correspondent, Tehelka booming media? narrative, inademocratic even witha country Or was thegovernment version thedominant the role ofJuduminvestigated impartially? was reported andframed inthemedia.Was articles, thepaper examines howtheviolence Through content analysisofnearly 200 unconstitutional byIndia’s Supreme Court. rights violations,andwas recently declared held responsible for large-scale human backed bythestate, theJudumhasbeen that emerged duringthisperiod.Allegedly insurgency force knownastheSalwa Judum at themediadepictionofavigilante counter- between 2005and2008.Specifically, itlooks in India,duringaparticularly violentphase of anongoing left This project explores themedia’s coverage Central India of theMaoist insurgency in Hidden war? Mediacoverage Research project: Sponsor: Position atwork: Country oforigin: ect ofthedivisionsystem onKorean ect ofthedivision TUSHA MITTAL Thomson Reuters Foundation -wing Maoistinsurgency Special Special India

) as ) as erent erent 21 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 22 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 Corporation editorial trainer, Australian Broadcasting better provision ofcontext. which places thereader and asanexpert, hyperlinks to encourage plurality, interaction driven, agreater breadth ofperspectives, voice thatisof-the-web, analysisthatisfacts- transparency, openforms ofjournalism,a editorial standards whichprioritisegreater adopted more widely?Thispaper advocates have come ofage inthedigital era shouldbe standards sites pioneered that byhybridnews ago, stillfitinthedigital age? Andwhich standards, more thanacentury manydevised BuzzFeed, Vice Whicheditorial News). the BBC)andthree digital natives(Quartz, (the predominately onthree legacy organisations are approached inthedigital era. Itfocuses of accuracy, independence, andimpartiality examines howthekeyeditorial standards are editorial standards changing? Thispaper off As legacy mediaoutlets expand theirdigital standards inthedigitalage and digitalnatives approach impartiality: how legacymedia Accuracy, independence, and Australian Broadcasting Corporation Country oforigin: Research project: Sponsor: Position atwork: erings andmore webnatives emerge, how

once-in-a-lifetime experience. of theworld’s brightest media leaders andjournalistswas a New York Times KELLIE RIORDAN Having access to some Donald McDonald scholarship, Donald McDonaldscholarship, KELLIE RIORDAN Content director and , the Australia Guardian

, and

success ofbusinesspapers inthefuture. not easy to findbutitwillbe thecore ofthe journalism andempowered audience is experts. Thebalance between specialised on information andopinionsproduced by been dramatic for them.Theirbrands depend a targeted audience, thechange hasalso are aspecialisedmediumwithAlthough they concentrates onbusinessnewspapers. to produce content themselves.Theresearch technology enablesaudiencessame timenew exactly thepreferences oftheirreaders. At the technology thenewspapersof thenew know before ofmassmedia.Because inthehistory The audience hasnowmore powerthanever digital era business newspapers inthe audience empowerment in From alecture to aconversation: Research project: Sponsor: daily newspaper) Kauppalehti Position atwork: Country oforigin: MIRJAMI SAARINEN Helsingin SanomatFoundation

(Finnish business News editor, Finland

correspondent, NDTV make upmore than140millionpeople. are deeplyprejudiced against Muslims who a method. ItfindstheEnglishmediainIndia the subcontinent andusescontent analysisas relationship between HindusandMuslimsin gives abriefhistorical background ofthe Hindu andIslamistterror suspects.Thepaper left studies: theSamjhauta Express strike that English media.Thepaper hastwocase get attheunderlyingprejudice intheIndian and whichjournalisticroutines are used,to sources are usedto report theterror attacks; likely to becalled whichkindof aterrorist; who –aHinduorMuslimsuspectismost basicpaper measures, usesvery for instance Islamists tells usaboutIndia?Thisresearch India ofterror attacks carried byHindusand reportage intheEnglish-language mediain be accepted astruisms,whatdoesthe it feels threatened orunderattack. Ifthese reason to celebrate oralternatively when appear mostclearly whensociety has society aswell.Itisalsotruethatchasms far endofspectrum,ontherefinement of as abarometer onthebias,ills,and,at of society. Inseveral measures serve they jurisprudence ofacountry, are areflection The media,like the literature andcriminal project theIndian Muslim? especially theEnglishmedia, How dotheIndianmedia, Research project: Sponsor: Position atwork: Country oforigin: 68Pakistanis dead andthearrest ofkey Gerda Henkel Foundation SUDHI SEN Chief nationalaff India

airs airs 23 Research project: sometimes impossible to meet the regulation The decline of old media and of each and every country they operate in – the move to new media in not only because it would cause them post-crisis Greece competitive disadvantages but also for Since the start of the Greek financial crisis ethical considerations. (2008) the country’s media have dropped from number 31 to number 99 when measured by the Reporters Without Borders Press Free- dom Index. Already weakened by their close relationships with banks, big business, and the state, as well as a loss of trust by the public, the YOUNGSUK SONG financial crisis was the final blow for traditional media: the Greek media went into freefall and

are yet to recover. This paper examines (1) the ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE creation of a Greek ‘media bubble’ from 1989 to 2008, (2) the relationship between banks, Country of origin: South Korea big business, the state, and the media, (3) the Position at work: Producer/director, KBS freefall of the Greek media during the financial (Korean Broadcasting System) crisis, (4) the case study of the anti-austerity ANNA-MARIA WALLNER Sponsor: Foundation for demonstrations of 2012 as a turning point in Broadcast Culture the loss of faith in journalism by the Greek Research project: public, (5) the new media landscape, and the A comparison of arts and culture rise of citizen journalism as it is developing in Country of origin: Austria television programmes between early post-crisis Greece. Position at work: Media reporter, the BBC and KBS Die Presse Sponsor: Austria Press Agency (APA) This study examined and traced the arts and culture programmes on the main public Research project: broadcasters in the UK and South Korea over The writing is on the wall: the last couple of decades, aiming to shed paid content systems in small light on the role and importance of a strand European countries of demonstrably public service programming, When the media industry talks about paywalls which has nevertheless been progressively we always think of the New York Times or the displaced into less favourable scheduling and/ Wall Street Journal. But the average European or niche channels. The findings support the media company shouldn’t compare itself with view that BBC arts programming exemplifies these ‘Superstars’ of paid content, especially in ‘good’ arts television, providing viewers with a a non-English-speaking and small country such trusted ‘brand’, based on quality programmes ISTVÁN VIRÁGVÖLGYI as Austria. But there are positive examples of with longevity, produced by specialised staff , media companies within Europe that have ex- and strategically operated by a portfolio of perimented a lot with paywalls. In my research both terrestrial channels and online platforms I wanted to get an idea why countries such as and suggested some approaches that Korean Denmark, Finland, and Switzerland are already broadcasters could consider. Country of origin: Hungary a couple of steps ahead of Austria in this area. Position at work: Head of photo desk, In a series of interviews with 12 European MTI Hungarian News Agency media companies, including the Daily Tele- Sponsor: Thomson Reuters Foundation graph and The Economist, I tried to measure Research project: how newspapers implemented paywalls and Self-regulation or strict laws what their experiences have been. My findings rigorously applied? The include How-to-Start-a-Paywall Guidelines, in- changing practice of publishing cluding the following assumptions. (1) The me- one’s likeness in the press ter is the model: 10 out of 12 companies work with a metered model. (2) Paywalls work, even The regulation of publishing one’s likeness in Europe, but they are not a huge success. varies from country to country on a very wide (3) Two is better than one: paywalls and other range across Europe. The press councils of forms of paid content do not replace tradition- seven countries were surveyed, ranging from al print revenues, but can help to absorb print the most liberal to one of the most restrictive DESPOINA TRIVOLI losses. (4) The online traff ic drops down, but (Finland, Belgium, Switzerland, Austria, United comes back aft er two to six months. (5) Better Kingdom, Germany, and Hungary). Many start now – most of the interviewees when European governments believe this regulation asked what they would do diff erent today said: should be stricter despite or, as they some- Country of origin: Greece ‘I would have done it earlier.’ times argue, precisely because the importance Position at work: Freelance Journalist of national borders fades away in a globalising Sponsor: Thomson Reuters Foundation world and especially in the internet era. Global news agencies find it very diff icult or 24 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 around theworld. of peoplefrom all Fellow 2012–13,Finland ...a great turnout ANNE ACHTE JOURNALISTS AT OXFORD 30 YEARSOF CELEBRATING left something challenged new, andto have theirviews take ideas. away new Nobody Alumni, sponsors, colleagues andguestsarrivedinOxford prepared to learn inspiring andoft and discussionsadmirably demonstrated exactly whytheProgramme issuchan and, inadditionto thestellar ofworld-classspeakers, line-up theresulting debates We were delighted to haveamplerepresentation from each ofthesecategories between journalists,academics, practitioners, andothers from theindustry. A keystrength oftheFellowship Programme istheinteraction andexchange and adelightfully bawdy late-night stand-up showinGreen Templeton College bar. formal dinneratBalliolCollege, agarden party atRISJ’s homeinNorhamGardens, The weekend was packed withseminars, discussion,anddebates, andincludeda FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME. ANNIVERSARY OFTHEREUTERSJOURNALISM IN SEPTEMBER2013RISJCELEBRATED THE 30TH disappointed. 100 FROM 1987-2013 ALUMNI en life-changing experience for theFellows. 37 COUNTRIES 200 ATTENDEES 25 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

by a panel of key figures in the print and REUTERS MEMORIAL digital news media industry. In contrast to WOMEN IN JOURNALISM LECTURE the apprehensive tone characterising similar Chair: Monique Villa (CEO, Thomson discussions in recent years, the panellists ‘Paying the Piper: Rethinking the Reuters Foundation) were largely optimistic about the future of Economics of Newspaper Journalism’ Panellists: Suzanne Franks (Professor, journalism, emphasising the opportunities by Mark Thompson, President and Chief City University), Sue Lloyd Roberts that the increasing and accelerating Executive of the New York Times Company. (Special Correspondent, BBC), digitisation of the media presented for In a time of gloomy predictions of the Laura Saarikoski (Fellow, Finland) traditional news publishers. death of print, Thompson argued that news What is the role of women in journalism? organisations can develop forward-thinking ‘Unarguable that the Future of Women have contributed to the profession in solutions to increase their relevance and Journalism is one of optimism’ so many ways and yet oft en have to contend revenue and suggested that the recent Peter Barron, Google with being props to their male counterparts, acquisition of the Washington Post by Jeff at times receiving lower salaries and being Bezos – one of the world’s wealthiest and ‘The most important thing for forced to suff er significantly earlier retirement brightest entrepreneurs – was an indicator of providers of high-quality journalism is ages than in most other professions. The an emerging era of innovation and profitability. to keep their identity, while adapting panellists explored the common and deep- ‘In the age of Twitter, classic editorial to the changing context.’ rooted problems of women journalists standards about sources and fact Natalie Nougayrède, Le Monde working in various organisations and checking, balance and only going with countries with a special focus on Suzanne something when you are sure are at even Franks’ new RISJ Challenge, Women in JOURNALISM AND more of a premium then they used to be’ Journalism (see page 47). Mark Thompson, President and Chief THE ARAB SPRING ‘Cultural change taking place Executive of the New York Times Chair: John Lloyd in regards to women in journalism’ Panellists included: Prof. Naomi Sakr Suzanne Franks, Professor, (Author of Transformations in Egyptian THE FUTURE OF City University JOURNALISM Journalism), Luke Harding (Fellow, UK), Firas Khatib (Fellow, Palestine), Chair: David Levy Abdalla Hassan (Fellow, Egypt) Panellists: Mark Thompson REPORTING THE (President and Chief Executive of the The panellists highlighted a number of important New York Times Company), dimensions to journalism in this context, EURO CRISIS including the current state of domestic media Natalie Nougayrède (Executive Editor, Panellists: Robert G. Picard (RISJ in the Arab Spring countries, the role of new Le Monde), Peter Barron (Head of Director of Research), Cristina Marconi sources of information (the social media and Communications and Public Aff airs, (Fellow, Italy), Vadim Makarenko smartphone technologies) and the problems Google), John Stackhouse (Editor-in- (Fellow, Poland), Steve Schiff eres present in Western reports on the subject. chief, Globe and Mail, Toronto), (Fellow and Professor of Financial Nic Newman (Digital Media Strategist ‘The smartphone has become Journalism at City University) and Research Associate, RISJ) central for both the rebels and the This panel explored a number of issues regime supporters’ The future of journalism in the context of around reporting the euro crisis, including Luke Harding the digitisation of the media was explored the overall role of journalism, event-driven 262 1 Cartoon wall depicting the weekend’s events. 2 Monique Villa, CEO, Thomson Reuters Foundation. 3 Panel for The Future of Journalism. 4 Sue Lloyd Roberts (Special Correspondent, BBC). 5 Fellows at the Balliol Dinner. 6 Peter Barron, Google. 7 Fellows at the Garden Party. 8 Mark Thompson, President and Chief Executive of the New York Times Company. 9 James Painter, Paddy Coulter and Godfrey Hodgson. REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

1 2 3

4 5

6 7 8 27 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

Communication and Journalism, USC), Paul Taylor (European Aff airs Editor, Thomson Reuters) Witnesses: Abdalla Hassan (Egypt), Anne Achte (Finland), Arijit Sen (India), Daniel Ovidiu Popica (Romania), Gabriela Jacomella (Italy/ South Sudan), Hrovje Krešić (Croatia), Bei Jiao (China)

Based on the format of the BBC radio show Moral Maze, this interactive session sought to discuss, from a multi-country perspective, the 9 role of traditional and new journalism in politics. Ownership of news organisations, state control, coverage, and a lack of personal stories. The All maintained that news organisations changes in technology, and the commercial audience heard how the crisis is primarily needed to rethink what they are doing in viability of news were recurrent themes. treated as a financial issue, with most order to respond to the reality of digital news coverage in business sections, provided by consumption. ‘Media ownership is casting its shadow domestic journalists rather than foreign ‘News journalism is the wine, over journalism in India…a handful of correspondents. not the bottle’ people close to politicians are calling ‘The number of lay-off s is immense and Juan Señor, Partner at Innovation the shots’ its impact can be seen on a daily basis Media Consulting Group Arijit Sen, Senior Editor, CNN-IBN, India in the coverage.’ ‘The reduction of news off ices and ‘Journalists have to be in a Vadim Makarenko journalists is made worse by the permanent state of beta’ myopic vision of newspaper owners Juan Señor, Partner at Innovation in Croatia’ DIGITAL NEWS Media Consulting Group CONSUMPTION Hrvoje Krešić, TV reporter at RTL Hrvatska, Croatia Panellists: Nic Newman (Digital Media ‘The number of investigative Strategist and Research Associate, RISJ), MORAL MAZE: journalists has been reduced from Juan Señor (Partner at Innovation ‘JOURNALISM COARSENS, 300 to less than 100 within the Media Consulting Group), SIMPLIFIES, AND DISTORTS last five years’ Rasmus Kleis Nielsen (Assistant POLITICS (AND THE NEW Bei Jiao, reporter for South China Professor of Communications, Roskilde JOURNALISM WON’T BE Morning Post University (RUC), Denmark, and RISJ ANY BETTER) Research Fellow), David Levy Chair: John Lloyd Panellists discussed understanding news Panellists: Jean Seaton (Professor, consumers, how newsrooms and editors Westminster University), Michael were adapting to digital news consumption Parks (Professor, Annenberg School for and the relative importance of social media. 28 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 Former Fellow revolution ismore thanthat’ Of course butthedigital onlineisamajorpartofthat, fellow hasbeentheriseofdigital mediainallitsforms. ‘The greatest challengeto journalismsince mytimeasa RESULTING FROMTHEFELLOWSHIP WHO GAVE DETAILS OFPROMOTIONS PERCENTAGE OFRESPONDENTS PROGRAMME AFTER THEFELLOWSHIP CAREER PROGRESSION SURVEY ON Africa Asia Europe America North Oceania America South %1%2%3%4%5%6%70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 50% *215 questionnaires received, 42%ofalumni those beingfemale. with ahigherproportion of a result ofthefellowship, enhancement received as of promotion orcareer 50%* provided details 40% 44% 48% 50% 56% 68% *101 completed surveys future ofjournalisminyour country? On balance, are you optimisticorpessimisticaboutthe *101 completed surveys country since your timeontheFellowship Programme? What isthesinglegreatest changeinjournalismyour Press ȗ Freedom ȗ Advertising ȗ Revenue ȗ ȗ ȗ ȗ ȗ ȗ Changes to Changesin Neutral Very Optimistic Rise ofOnlineNews Very Pessimistic Pessimistic Optimistic Other

If Ieverhaveto cover astory

Russia, Australia, Greece or ANNA-MARIA WALLNER Korea, Iknowwhoto call first: myfellowfirst: Fellows. in Brazil, Finland, india, academic playground. RIMA MARROUCHE It was a magic time It was amagictime in thisfantastic

international newsroom. Being attheReuters TUSHA MITTAL Institute felt like being in a truly being inatruly Meeting the best in my field Meeting thebestinmyfield research really changed my and undertaking valuable DESPOINA TRIVOLI priorities and focus priorities andfocus as ajournalist.

and intense friendships CATHERINE GICHERU reflection, exploration with fellows from all both personally and both personally and KELLIE RIORDAN A timeofpersonal A game-changer, over theworld. professionally. 29 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 2 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 31 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE RESEARCH CONNECTING ACADEMIC RESEARCH WITH INDUSTRY CHALLENGES

An armed Turkana man walks towards the shores of Lake Turkana near a temporary fishing camp some kilometres from Todonyang near the Kenya-Ethiopia border in northwestern Kenya October 12, 2013 REUTERS/Siegfried Modola 32 2 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 Alhwaity. market in DabanearTabuk June18,2014.REUTERS/Mohamed between theNetherlands andAustralia onalaptop, atacamel Right: Peter’s Square atthe Vatican April27,2014.REUTERS/Max Rossi the canonisation ceremony ofJohnXXIIIandPaul IIinSt. the windowofPopemobile asPope Francis leavesaft

during theyear, includingan international conference on workshops were conducted Numerous conference and

the roles andfunctions of Men watch the2014 WorldCup Group Bsoccer match Opposite top: local journalism.

A U.S. flagandnunsare reflected in er er ROBERT G.PICARD DIRECTOR OFRESEARCH JOURNALISM PRACTICE. POLICY, THEBUSINESS OFJOURNALISM,AND JOURNALISM ANDDEMOCRACY, MEDIA OF THEINSTITUTE’S FOCUSEDTHEMESON ACTIVITIES TOOK PLACE WITHINALLFOUR VISITING FELLOWS. CONFERENCES, TEACHING, ANDSUPPORTING THROUGH PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS, OF ACTIVITIES NEVERBEFOREACHIEVED THIS YEAR,WITHABREADTH ANDDEPTH ACTIVITIES CREATED AHIGHWATER MARK THE INSTITUTE’S RESEARCHANDACADEMIC

THE RESEARCH 33 visualisation, challenges in science reporting, and taxes for public interest content. These events brought together leading scholars, regulators, and practitioners to share the best contemporary information and knowledge to better understand issues and challenges.

The Institute’s research activities resulted in the publication of full-length books on the ethics of journalism, political journalism, and the Indian media, as well as numerous reports, working papers, and policy briefings. REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE The year marked the first time the Institute has contributed to teaching at the University of Oxford through the establishment of a well-received M.Phil. course on media, public opinion, and politics in the Department of Politics and International Relations. The The range and quality of course explored media eff ects, political socialisation processes, the roles of the the Institute’s research media in elections and campaigns, and activities are important the influences of the media on policy. The for its international Institute also created and delivered an academic reputation. executive education course on news media business developments and strategies for Portuguese journalists. Research in the journalism and democracy theme explored evidence of the roles Research activities received grants and of media in democratisation, worked to contracts from, among others, the European develop an index measuring the influence Union/European University Institute, the John of politics on the media and the influence of Fell Oxford University Press (OUP) Research media on politics, and examined the links Fund, Ofcom, the University’s Social Sciences between media coverage and development of Division, and Santander Bank. immigration policy. Research related to policy The Institute continued to host academic and regulation investigated debates about and senior practitioner Visiting Fellows, who the place of public service television in a enhance RISJ research while carrying out their converged, multichannel world and increasing own projects. This year fellows from Australia, proposals for taxes on digital distribution India, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and platforms to support news and audio-visual the US spent one to two terms in residence. content production. The range and quality of the Institute’s Research within the business of journalism research activities are important for its area examined the implications of the international academic reputation and its changing nature of journalistic work, standing within the University of Oxford. increased competition in international broadcasting, and challenges in leadership of They also create the compelling and critical news organisations. Research on the practices knowledge and understanding necessary for and performance of journalism explored improving journalistic practice worldwide. coverage of risk and uncertainty, banking and ȗ financial news, and the euro crisis.

Numerous scholarly and professional conferences and workshops were conducted during the year, including an international conference on the roles and functions of local journalism, uses of big data in media organisations, methods for improving data 34 DIGITAL NEWS REPORT 2014 NIC NEWMAN REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

THIS YEAR’S REPORT MARKS OUR MOST AMBITIOUS ATTEMPT YET TO TRACK AND COMPARE CHANGES IN ONLINE NEWS CONSUMPTION ACROSS COUNTRIES AND OVER TIME.

Working with polling agency YouGov, we surveyed over 18,000 people in ten countries – the US, UK, France, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Spain, Brazil, Japan, as well as Finland for the first time this year.

We were also able to ask more questions in more depth and increase sample sizes in most countries thanks to the generous support of leading industry partners such as Google, the BBC, Newsworks, and Ofcom, as well as a range of academic partners.1

The results provide more compelling evidence about the pace of the multi-platform revolution and the increasing use of smartphones and tablets for news. The report also explores different ways in which people are paying for news, the growing importance of video content, and brings unique data about the role played by different social networks for news in our participating countries.

1 attitudes to paying for news. There ismixed onconsumers’ news disruption inmanyEuropean countries. on businessmodels,althoughthere isless in popularityonline,puttingfurther pressure and aggregators –nowrival traditional media digital companies –theso-called pure players In theUnited States andJapan theseborn- and Yahoo! site isthetop inJapan. news a leading playerinItaly, France, andGermany the US andBrazil, remains whileGoogleNews in anumberofEuropean markets aswell BuzzFeed are attracting significant audiences formats. BoththeHuffington Post and commitment to mobileandsocialnews digitalpopularity ofnew players withtheir Our report alsoconfirms theincreasing brands thatare beingconsumed. formats, andthetypeofemerging news a generational splitinterms ofplatforms, point for digital More widelywefind news. accessthe smartphoneisnowtheirprimary countries, overathird (36%)of18–24ssay type ofcontent consume. they Across all10 terms ofboththetimespent onsites andthe andconsequentlynews ‘snacking’more in devices astheirpreferred way ofreceiving tomorrow, are turning increasingly to mobile Young people,thereaders of and viewers newspaper editions(seethechartQ4b). and television on appointmentto view throughout thedayreducing thedependence users to consume more frequently news of change. Smartphonesare encouraging social mediaasthemostpowerful agents sources –withthesmartphoneand ofnews threatsIt identifiesnew to thetraditional partners atRoskilde University, theHansBredow Institute, and theUniversity ofNavarra. Sponsors were Google,BBC,Ofcom, Edelman UK,France Newsworks, Télévisions, Research theMediaIndustry AssociationofFinlan NEWS ACCESS ACROSS THEDAY BY AGE (UK) strong adherence to catching viaan‘edition’ uponnews TV/radio (eg evening ormorningnewspaper) This chartshowsthat18-24stend throughout to thedaywhereas snackonnews oldergroups stillhavea Q4b: Whendoyou typically acces thenews? (Please selectallthatapply) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% First thingin the morning Later inthe morning uctm feno Early Afternoon Lunchtime consumed online stillcomes from established In mostcountries themajorityofnews for optimismfor established outlets. news Our research suggests there isstillreason subscription. increase intheproportion taking outa the future andthere hasbeenasubstantial countries mightpay manymore saythey in Finland, and22%inBrazil), althoughinsome from 7%intheUKto 11%intheUS, 14%in paid for digital inthelastyear news (ranging research showsthatonlyaminorityhave Despite thegrowing numberofpaywalls, our Evening ROLE OFBRANDANDJOURNALIST INCREATING TRUST and are neckandintheUnited States. Traditional brands are lessdisrupted intheUKandFinland. onlinedigitalThe chartshowsthatfor news bornplayers haveovertaken traditional sites inJapan news Which, ifany, ofthefollowing have you usedinthelastweek asasource ofnews? VS BORNDIGITAL PLAYERS ONLINE PERFORMANCEOFTRADITIONALBRANDS brands remain thekey driveroftrust. than brand increating Inothercountries trustaround news. like theUK,GermanyandFinland,news This table showsthatinSpain, Italy andtheUS thejournalistisalmostasimportant ormore important source ofnews. Net important =thoseresponding quite orvery important. To whatextent are thefollowing important to you interms ofwhether you trusta Important Journalist Important Brand 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Evening Late 26% aa ntdSae ntdKndmFinland United Kingdom United States Japan 46% SU E R E I P T R JAP BRA ITA SPA FIN DEN FRA GER UK US 3 4 5 0 0 1 0 6 2 31% 72% 66% 37% 60% 82% 31% 72% 40% 55% 60% 57% 35% 57% 44% 57% 53% 64% 63% 57% Last thing at night 41% 18-24 All 45+ plus 39% 55% events or country reports orcountry lookinginmore events Many ofouracademic partners are organising these journalisticstars. start-upsthe growth ofnews builtaround journalists directly –andthisinturn isfuelling large numbers ofpeopleare identifyingwith countries, notably theUS, France, andSpain, engagement, andconsumer loyalty. Insome towards journalistsasakeydriveroftrust, The report alsohighlightsagrowing trend of nationalandinternational importance. work isparticularly valued incovering stories newspaper andbroadcaster brands, whose ( much ofthedata aspossibleviaourwebsite We continue to make efforts to openupas value to thisinternational project. detail atnationalthemesandaddingwider andfuture.present, to media policy explainthepast, developing resource for academics, journalists,andthose will continue to buildinto aninvaluable comparison application. Wehopethatthis of interactive features includingacountry- Also thisyear, anumber wehavedeveloped along withalicense thatencourages reuse. slidepacks, charts,andraw data tables, www.digitalnewsreport.org (SELECTED COUNTRIES) 16% d, aswellouracademic sponsors and 71% 20% Q Q  Pure Player Traditional ). Thiscontains 35 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 362 THE EUROPEAN JOURNALISM OBSERVATORY MEERA SELVA REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

THE REUTERS INSTITUTE JOINED THE EUROPEAN JOURNALISM OBSERVATORY (EJO) IN 2013, TAKING RESPONSIBILITY FOR ITS

ENGLISH-LANGUAGE WEBSITE. RISJ now aims to bring the EJO to a wider audience.... The EJO is an international network bringing together academics and journalists across Europe to draw more practising and North America. RISJ works with partners in 13 diff erent institutions, including Università journalists to the forum, della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano; Erich-Brost-Institut, University of Dortmund; National University and to make links between of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Kiev; School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, Eugene. The EJO publishes its work in 10 diff erent languages, through a series of websites. practising journalists... RISJ led a pan-European project on paywalls, looking at the diff erent systems used by the media in the UK, the US, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Slovakia, and Finland. The study, ‘Pay First, Read Later: New Business Models for News’, sought to identify trends, successes, and failures in the way organisations try to get their readers and viewers to pay for digital news. The report, which gathered contributions from several partners in the EJO network, looked at established paywalls from the US, newer paywalls in Europe, and innovations such as Piano Media in Slovakia, which puts several Slovak publications behind one paywall. It was published on the EJO network, the Neue Zürcher Zeitung, and the RISJ website.

Recent articles by RISJ fellows include a discussion about press photography by Visiting Fellow Helen Caple and a very popular article on the coverage of Rosa Monta by Romanian journalist fellow Miruna Munteanu.

RISJ now aims to bring the EJO to a wider audience, particularly in Britain, to draw more practising journalists to the forum, and to make links between practising journalists and researchers on journalism across Europe. 37 RESEARCH PROJECTS REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

VISUALISATION OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH

Sponsors: University of Oxford, Social Sciences Division Knowledge Exchange IAA Kickstart Award in partnership with Nesta and the Alliance for Useful Evidence Lead author: Robert G. Picard

This project aims to cultivate better understanding amongst academics of the nature of the demand for visualised research and the ways in which it can improve media coverage, public understanding of complex issues, and use of academic research in practice. The project consists of a series of workshops with journalists, policy organisations, the business community, and civil society organisations to address issues surrounding the visual presentation of academic research results and academic knowledge. The first workshop took place in June this year, with several more planned for autumn 2014. 38 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 RISJ report, in theMedia:Reporting Risk andUncertainty published inSeptember 2013, This project isafollow-up to theRISJ book Lead author: Environmentthe Norwegian Ministry. Economics andPolitical Science; and Environment attheLondon Schoolof Institute onClimate Change andthe Sponsors: Climate Change(IPCC) Intergovernmental Panel on Change Reports by the Climate of the2013/14 The Television Reporting climate scepticism. in thevolumeandtypeofcoverage, including frames, and theimportant differences country focuses ontherelative presence ofthefour large audience ofaround 50million.Thestudy bulletins examined news enjoya The evening used andtrusted mediumfor science news. thoughitisusuallythemost change, even as itisrarely includedinstudies ofclimate coverage,is unusualinanalysingtelevision China, Germany, India,andtheUK.Thereport by theIPCC insixcountries, Australia, Brazil, reportingthe television ofthe2013/14reports opportunity. However, thisreport focuses on – namely, disaster, uncertainty, and risk, publication as thoseusedintheprevious media representations ofclimate change in September, appliesthesameframes to Disaster Averted? The Grantham Research James Painter , to bepublished Climate Change . An . An workshop was organised inJune2014. and Uncertainty RISJ publication, completed. DrTeresa Ashe,author ofthe The first twoparts ofthisproject havebeen applications to majorfunding organisations. preparation andsubmissionofresearch gaps intheresearch inthisarea; and(3)the to identifyareas ofexisting knowledge and literature ontheabovetopics; (2)aworkshop It consists ofthree parts: ofthe (1)areview future pathways for environment reporting. of climate change, thepossible andto review prominence, quantity, andqualityofcoverage to examine thepossibleimpacts onthe for environmental journalisminrecent years, project to mapthechangingmediaecology at findingfunding for amulti-year research This project consists aimed ofseedmoney Lead researcher: Economics andPolitical Science Environment attheLondon Schoolof Institute onClimate Change andthe Foundation andtheGrantham Research Sponsors: Changing MediaEcologies Lead researcher: University ofOxford and International Relations, Sponsors: Democratisation The Role of Mediain The European Climate Department ofPolitics , wrote theliterature review. A How theMediaReport Risk Nael Jebril James Painter

output are more eagerly grasped. ThusPRis tends to strengthen PRbecause itsideas and social media,andbroadcast outlets. This newspaper,thinner inorder to serve net, continue, mustspread they journalists fewer problem. Further, asthepapers struggleto presence doesnotsolvetheirfalling revenue are losingtheircirculation, whiletheirdigital ally, journalism.Newspapers’ paper editions of thesamereasons asitscloseopponent/ radical change, atthesametimeandfor some isexperiencing The publicrelations industry Lead researcher: Project director: Sponsor: and ChangingRapidly PR: Central to Journalism than drive,political activism. hypothesis thatsocialmediamaponto, rather media andpolitics.Theanalysessupportthe debate abouttherelationship between new contribute inimportant ways to thelarger in thepoliticalInaddition,they environment. to make senseofpotentially profound changes citizens intransitional societies usethemedia findings enhance ourunderstanding ofhow and empirical investigations. Theproject socialisation. Theproject combines theoretical during political transitions for democratic of changinglocal medialandscapes in democratisation andtheimplications understanding oftherole ofthemedia The research project aimsto develop David Ure John Lloyd Dr Laura Toogood

39 affected perceptions of the crisis and Europe. getting stronger. This project seeks to assess Two publications will result from this project, the relationship between PR and journalism Political Influence Index both to be published in 2014–15. and examine the effects of the internet on the Sponsor: John Fell Oxford University once interdependent relationship. Press (OUP) Research Fund The European Journalism Project director: Robert G. Picard Observatory (EJO) Media Pluralism Monitor Implementation Project The Political Influence Index Project is Sponsors: Robert Bosch Stiftung, constructing a measurement system to capture Germany, and Stiftung Pressehaus Sponsor: European University Institute the interactions and influences between NRZ, Germany Project director: Robert G. Picard media and political actors. It is designed to Project director: David Levy produce comparative national measures of RISJ is carrying out an assessment of media Lead researcher: Meera Selva the influence of the media on politics and pluralism in the United Kingdom as part government and the influence of politics of a test of the European Union Media The European Journalism Observatory is an ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE and government on the media. It will lead to Pluralism Monitor. The project is measuring international network that brings together a dataset for use in a variety of political and 33 categories of legal, economic, and socio- academics and journalists across Europe and political communication research activities. economic indicators that review the range North America. It aims to be a pan-European National expert panels of political scientists, and diversity of media content available journalism site that is widely recognised as being media scholars, journalists, and civil society across the UK, government pluralism relevant to practising journalists and all those representatives will score each country on the policies and implementation, and media interested in the European media (see p. 36). basis of indicators developed for the index. consumption patterns. It is being conducted They will also provide a qualitative assessment in partnership with the European University Measuring Online for each of the countries and make it possible Institute in Florence, Italy, which is overseeing to observe more subtle differences between News Content a pilot test of the monitor. The monitor is countries regarding influences than existing designed to identify risks to pluralism that can Sponsors: Ofcom, in conjunction with press freedom indices. The project is currently be addressed through government policies. Oliver & Olhbaum Associates undertaking a pilot test of the index in eight The pilot test will determine whether the Project director: Robert G. Picard countries around the world with different monitor actually functions, problems that political and cultural conditions. Funding is This project is exploring how audiences for may exist with its implementation, challenges currently being sought for implementation of news are measured across digital platform in completing it, and ensure it works in a the full index in 2015 or 2016. (web, tablets, smartphones), and how data variety of EU member states with varying can better be used for understanding where political, economic, and social conditions. and how news is accessed and how it is In addition to the UK, the monitor is being The Euro Crisis, Media shared in society. tested in Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Estonia, Coverage, and Perceptions of France, Greece, Hungary, and Italy. Europe within the EU Digital media create opportunities for greater understanding of how the public consumes Sponsor: John Fell Oxford University and uses news because digital audience Press (OUP) Research Fund measurement systems are more precise and Project director: Robert G. Picard individualised than those for traditional media. Lead researcher: Susana Salgado Nevertheless, questions remain about what is actually measured and its validity and standards This project examines how Europeans for measurement are not widely agreed upon. understand the challenges facing the euro and the workings of the European Union and The study is reviewing the tools and methods European Central Bank through the news used in digital audience measurement, media of their countries. Directed by RISJ, it has their strengths and limitations, the kinds of partners studying media coverage in Belgium, data various measurements produce, and Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the difficulties measuring across platforms. Netherlands, Poland, Spain, and the UK. It The study is focusing on uses, loyalty, and investigates how European news coverage has engagement issues and the key performance portrayed Europe, European institutions, EU indicators that are available. Its intent is to members, and the euro, what that coverage identify how measures can be improved for tell us about Europe, and the implications social and policy uses and what parties need of the way the sovereign debt and banking to be involved in such an effort. crises have been covered. It also examines ȗ how differences in journalistic coverage have

Opposite top: A photographer takes pictures of Italy’s Mount Etna, Europe’s tallest and most active volcano, spewing lava as it erupts on the southern island of Sicily November 17, 2013. REUTERS/Antonio Parrinello Left: A protester, who opposes Egyptian President Mohamed Mursi, holds up his hands, which are chained together, to symbolise the lack of freedom, as protesters chant slogans during a demonstration against Mursi and members of the Muslim Brotherhood at Tahrir Square in Cairo February 22, 2013. REUTERS/Asmaa Waguih 40 RESEARCH ASSOCIATES REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

the evaluation of a mobile phone at Reuters London head office. LARA FIELDEN application for health community Linnebank is non-executive MARTHA L. STONE Lara Fielden has had an association workers in informal settlements director at Independent Martha L. Stone is a media industry with the Reuters Institute since 2011, in Kenya. In the academic year of Television News (ITN) and at author, speaker, and consultant. as a Research Associate and as a 2013–14, building on her work CO2benchmark.com, a member During her time at RISJ, she Visiting Fellow. She has published The Global News Challenge: of the RISJ Steering Committee, focused her work on digital media numerous articles building on her Market Strategies of International and he is a Trustee of the trends and big data for media. previous RISJ publications and this Broadcasting Organizations in Thomson Reuters Foundation, She organised the Big Data for year saw publication of her paper ‘A Developing Countries (published which he chaired until 2008. Media conference in London with Royal Charter for the Press: Lessons by Routledge in 2013), she RISJ. Ms Stone leads the World from Overseas’ in the Journal for continued her research on media Newsmedia Network, a not-for- Media Law. In January 2014 she was consumption by people from poor NIC NEWMAN profit media research firm, which invited to be the guest speaker at socio-economic backgrounds publishes the Global Digital Media a closed session of the Irish Press in low-income countries. Most Nic Newman is a journalist and Trendbook. Prior to this she was Council in Limerick focusing on the recently, she has been writing a digital strategist who played a key Director of the Shaping the Future future of press regulation in chapter on audience engagement role in shaping the BBC’s internet of the Newspaper project for the context of digital media. In May and structural inequalities in low- services over more than a decade. WAN-IFRA. She is a founding board 2014 Lara was a keynote speaker income countries for an edited He was a founding member of member of Global Editors Forum in at the Conference on Freedom book on cyberjournalism and the the BBC News Website, leading Paris, and was the founding training of Expression at the University of web 2.0 (forthcoming in early 2015). international coverage as World director for WAN-IFRA’s Newsplex Helsinki. Building on the success of Editor (1997–2001). As Head in the USA and Germany. She was the conference Lara was a panellist of Product Development he awarded a Knight International at the Finnish Embassy’s June 2014 GEERT LINNEBANK led digital teams, developing Press Fellowship in 2003. London seminar on the Future of websites, mobile, and interactive TV Press Freedom and Self-Regulation. Geert Linnebank was Editor-in- applications for all BBC Journalism Chief of Reuters from 2000 to sites. Nic is a senior Research 2006. He started his career as a Fellow at City University London. ANNE GENIETS reporter in Brussels with Agence He is also a consultant on digital Anne Geniets is a post-doctoral Europe and AP-Dow Jones media, working actively with news researcher at the London before joining Reuters in 1983, companies on product and business Knowledge Lab (Institute of where he held reporting and strategies for digital transition. Education), where she works on editing positions in Belgium, the Nic is lead editor of the Reuters Netherlands, and, latterly, Institute Digital News Report. 41 VISITING FELLOWS REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

JUAN PABLO PATRICK BARWISE MONIKA CATRIONA ARTERO BEDNAREK Patrick Barwise is emeritus BONFIGLIOLI Juan Pablo Artero is an Associate professor of management and Monika Bednarek is Senior Lecturer Catriona Bonfiglioli is Senior Professor of Journalism at marketing at London Business in the Department of Linguistics Lecturer, Media Studies, University University of Zaragoza in Spain. School and chairman of the UK’s at the University of Sydney, with of Technology, Sydney and Whilst at RISJ he worked on a consumer organisation Which?. research interests in the analysis Coordinator Post Graduate paper on ‘Political Parallelism Patrick’s first RISJ report with of language use in the mass Journalism. As a Visiting Fellow, and Media Coalitions in Western Robert G. Picard, The Economics media. A special focus of her Catriona conducted interviews European Countries’, studying of Television in a Digital World, research concerns news discourse with UK health journalists to the creation of media coalitions coincided with digital TV switchover and the linguistic practices of compare with Australian data around the mainstream political in the UK (September 2012). contemporary journalism. She for Australian Research Council parties that explicitly or implicitly It explored the economics of has published two books (one funded research into the life cycle support them in the political television and related policy co-authored) and several articles of obesity discourses; discussed competition. That phenomenon is implications in this new all-digital in international peer-reviewed international collaborative analysed regarding the last general world. This laid the foundation for journals in this area. Whilst at research possibilities with UK elections in five Western European their second report: What If there the Reuters Institute, Monika academics interested in socio- democracies: Britain, France, were No BBC Television? The Net collaborated with Helen Caple cultural aspects of overweight Germany, Spain, and Italy. From Impact on UK Viewers (February to survey and critique the vast and obesity; and explored recent a general perspective, no huge 2014), see p. 48. The analysis shows literature around news values, international research on obesity differences can be found between that, even if one optimistically which resulted in a Working Paper and society through research the countries. All mainstream assumes that commercial (see p. 49). During their stay, the presentations, conferences, and centre-right and centre-left political broadcasters would increase their two researchers also continued one-on-one research meetings with parties have an identifiable media content investment if there were to develop a novel framework to UK and US researchers. The RISJ coalition around them that shares no, or a smaller, BBC, the net effect analyse news. A related article hosted Catriona’s presentation their views. Moreover, it looks to would be a significant reduction in has since been published by the ‘Investigating the Role of News be a ‘sine qua non’ condition for a total UK content investment and international journal Discourse Media in the Obesity Epidemic’. political party to win elections and in choice and value for money for and Society, which is currently its She also presented at the World become a dominant force. most households. third-most read article. Monika also Journalism Education Conference interviewed several journalists and on ‘Reporting Obesity: How Ethical former journalists for their views is News Coverage of this Global on news values and to gauge the Health Problem?’ implications of the new approach for journalism education and practice. 42 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 Sunday Telegraph Boston Globe written for the andhas and Bloomberg News VISITING FELLOWS been employedby Journalism. Hehaspreviously University Graduate Schoolof in journalismfrom theColumbia University (M.Phil.)andaMaster’s University (BA)andCambridge degreesholds history from Brown ecosystem oncoverage. Butters eff by foreign journalists,andthe area, thespecialdiff the challenges ofcovering the Arab Spring,butcritically assesses spanned theIraq war andthe his career intheregion, which The bookispartly amemoirof Correspondent andNotDieTrying book a VisitingFellow workingona magazine. Hespenthistimeas Middle EastBureau Chieffor journalist whowas formerly LeeAndrew Butters isafreelance BUTTERS ANDREW LEE ects ofthechangingjournalism How to beaMiddleEast , Observer Washington Post . The Economist iculties faced , and Time , .

Correspondent for Elisabeth Braw isEurope ELISABETH BRAW help alleviate citizenhelp alleviate cynicism. a numberofsuggestions thatmay other estates. Shealsopresented to thepublicfromnews thethree precisely to bethetransmitter of their task asthefourth estate is scepticism bythepublic,given in particular, are treated withsuch motivates itandwhyjournalists, Fellow, Elisabeth asked what danger to democracy. AsaVisiting this situation could present a Ifallowed toof cynicism. fester, social mediafurther fan theflames mass media,theinternet and presented bypoliticsandthe an alternative truthto anything sources thatallowusers to find their myriadunchecked news as widespread protest voting.With trustworthiness –withresults such below thebusinesssector in politicians andjournalistsscoring show endemic –recent surveys the mediaelite hasnowbecome towardscynicism politicsand usually, ‘heislyingagain’. Citizen the average citizen’s reaction is When apoliticianisinterviewed, Newsweek . HELEN CAPLE HELEN CAPLE press photography. discussing theperilousfuture of and anopinionpiece for theEJO, an articlein Reuters Institute, shepublished andwhileatthe environment, journalism, includingintheonline photography incontemporary more broadly therole ofpress (EJO). Helenisexploring European JournalismObservatory an articleonthisresearch for the Society journal articlein and Beyond Values inJournalismStudies Discourse: Approaches to News Working Paper, values,news whichresulted ina literature ofresearch review in (see above),onacomprehensive researcher, Monika Bednarek at RISJ, Helenworked withco- valuesof news inimages. Whilst photography andtheconstruction research interests centre onpress SouthWales,New Australia. Her in JournalismattheUniversity of Helen CapleisaSeniorLecturer , 25(2).Helenalsowrote andaco-authored Digital Journalism Delvinginto the Discourse and , MAYA EVEN political medium. political medium. emerged to become thedominant changing campaign prioritiesasTV contest andtheparties’ andleaders’ electioneering, ontheface ofthe concerns theeff and update herthesis.Herresearch Oxford as aVisitingFellow, to revise 1950 and1970.Shehasreturned to UK electioncampaigns between examined television’s influence on Antony’s College, Oxford. Herthesis she completed adoctorate atSt Prior to herbroadcasting career London’s cultural body. advisory Strategy Group, theMayorof was anappointee to theCultural Centre –thelargest inEurope –and Chairman oftheSouthBank’s Arts Programme Channel 4,to theBBC’s political programmes for ITNand station, to parliamentary and independent breakfast television time, from TV-am, thenational current aff has presented political and in theUKfor over20years. She Maya Evenhasbeenabroadcaster airs programmes inthat . She has been Vice . ShehasbeenVice ect TV has had on ect TVhashadon Money 43 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

RAVI NARASIMHAN EVA POLONSKA- ZEHRA SAYED KIMUNGUYI Ravi Narasimhan is Editor-in- Zehra Sayed is a Ph.D. student Chief of The Hindu, Director of Eva Polonska-Kimunguyi’s Visiting at Media Management The Hindu media group, and a Fellowship facilitated her project Transformation Centre at member of the management on European Broadcasting and Jönköping International Business board of The Hindu Centre Public Diplomacy in Africa. The School in Sweden. During her for Politics and Public Policy. study investigates the responses time at RISJ, she mainly worked Whilst at the Reuters Institute, of European broadcasters to the on her thesis manuscript in close he conducted research and growing competition in the field collaboration with her supervisor wrote chapters for a book on of international broadcasting Robert G. Picard. Her thesis title freedom of expression that and to the international media’s is ‘International Knowledge focuses on the nature and increased interest in Africa. Transfer and Spillover in Indian extent of freedom for print and It compares four European News Media: From Institutional electronic media in South Asia broadcasters (BBC World, Duality to Third Spaces’. Using (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Deutsche Welle, France 24, and postcolonial theory and data Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka). Euronews): their goals, policies, collected through interviews with A comparative media and legal practices and message, their Indian journalists (including many study, his work at the Institute impact on public diplomacy and working for Reuters’ subsidiaries related to the legal framework on their target audience. It will in Bangalore and Mumbai), of self-regulatory systems and generate new understandings Zehra Sayed critiques the current the working of self-regulation of the relationship between understanding of knowledge in South Asia. He has a Master’s governments, international transfer in multinational degree in economics and a degree broadcasting, and foreign publics. organisations as well as in law, and was a Fellow at the conceptualisations of knowledge Harvard Law School in 2000 and spillover to local industries Shorenstein Fellow at the Kennedy resulting from the arrival of School of Government, Harvard multinationals. University, in 2004. He is the President of the Editors Guild of India, a member of the governing board of the International Press Institute (IPI), Vienna, and is the chairperson of the India Chapter of the IPI. He was the chairman of the Press Trust of India, India’s premier news agency, and is currently a director of the agency. 2 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 45 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE PUBLICATIONS

A female honour guard has lipstick applied as they prepare for an official welcoming ceremony for Italy’s Prime Minister Matteo Renzi outside the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, June 11, 2014. REUTERS/Jason Lee 46 46 2 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 ONLINE STORE. OF OXFORD THE UNIVERSITY AMAZON, OR I. B.TAURIS, PUBLISHER OUR PARTNER PURCHASED VIA CAN BE HARD COPIES WEBSITE. FROM OUR DOWNLOAD FOR FREE ARE AVAILABLE PUBLICATIONS MANY RISJ evening news are nowfightingfor news evening gathered wholenations for the broadcasterssurvive; thatonce account are nowstruggling to once heldpolitical leaders to intermediaries. Newspapers that with orwithoutjournalistsas communicate withthepublic, ways inwhichpolitical actors digital mediahasaff journalism. Thearrival ofnew a profound impact onpolitical traditional massmediahashad stagnation anddeclineofmany technologies combined withthe and networked communication The riseofarange digital ofnew both journalismandpolitics. seen dramatic changes aff hasalreadyThe 21stcentury the Study ofJournalism Sponsor: Reuters Institute for Rasmus KleisNielsen Raymond Kuhn and Edited by Perspective Europe inaComparative Transition: Western Political Journalismin EDITED BOOKS PUBLICATIONS 2013-2014 ected the ecting ecting

this important period oftransition. challenges facing journalistsin Europe today, includingthemany of political journalisminWestern comparative analysisofthestate provides acomprehensive and This bookexamines howand politicians interact are changing. the ways inwhichjournalistsand central to political processes, but mediaremain politics. News how wecommunicate about networking sites, are changing media, suchasblogsandsocial digital online-only television; competitorsnew oncable and relevance faced withinnumerable the worldare experimenting Increasingly governments around Duke University for MediaandDemocracy, Sponsor: DeWitt Wallace Center and David A.L.Levy James T. Hamilton, Nigel Bowles, Edited by Open Government Accountability and Politics andtheMedia: Transparency in governments more accountable. the future to helpjournalistshold two countries could change in also explores howpoliciesinthese the press intheUS andtheUK,it aff open government initiativeshave examining howtransparency and era ofprofessed transparency. In governments accountable inan attempt to journalists asthey hold and opportunities presented to book analysesthechallenges not hitherto beenexamined. The media intheseinitiativeshas making. However, therole ofthe public ingovernment decision- broader attempts to involvethe of information legislation, and data, theextension offreedom greater access to government friendly government websites, the announcement ofmore user- a variety ofmeasures including ‘open government’. Theseinvolve with Wendy N.Wyatt Edited by Cultural Infl Institutional, and Journalism: Individual, The Ethicsof ected theaccountability role of initiatives intransparency or uences 47 the Times of India. But along considers this in an international Sponsor: Reuters Institute for with the boundless energy of the perspective. This book provides REPORTS the Study of Journalism media come several downsides, an overview of the ongoing The landscape in which and particularly corruption, paid imbalances faced by women in journalists now work is news, and a narrow editorial the media and looks at the key substantially diff erent to that agenda aimed at the preferences issues hindering gender equality of the 20th century. The rise and prejudices of India’s largely in journalism. of digital and social media urban and booming middle class. necessitates a new way of Contributors include India’s best considering the ethical questions known news presenter, Prannoy facing practising journalists. Roy of NDTV, RISJ’s Director of This book considers the Journalism John Lloyd and four various individual, cultural, former RISJ journalist fellows: and institutional influences Supriya Sharma, Arijit Sen, Parul REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE that have an impact on Agrawal, and Jasodhara Banerjee. journalistic ethics today. It also examines the links between CHALLENGES ethics and professionalism, the IN MODERN organisational promotion of JOURNALISM ethical values, and the tensions Is there Still a Place between ethics, freedom of for Public Service information, and speech, Television? Eff ects and the need to disseminate of the Changing information. By comparing the Climate Change in the Economics of theoretical underpinnings of Media: Reporting Risk Broadcasting journalistic ethics with a variety and Uncertainty Edited by Robert G. of international case studies, this James Painter Picard and Paolo Siciliani volume provides a comparative global analysis of the ethical Sponsor: The European Climate Sponsor: The BBC Trust challenges faced by the media in Foundation; the Grantham Following a conference in 2013, the 21st century. Research Institute on Climate this publication brings together Change and the Environment contributions exploring what is at the London School of driving changes in broadcasting, Economics and Political Science; how these are altering the Klif, the Climate and Pollution traditional economics of Agency, Norway broadcasting systems and Women and Scientists and politicians are provision, and the implications Journalism increasingly using the language for broadcasting policy. Suzanne Franks of risk to describe the climate change challenge. Some Sponsor: Reuters Institute for researchers say stressing the the Study of Journalism ‘risks’ from climate change rather Although there have been than the ‘uncertainties’ can considerable changes in the create a more helpful context prospects for women working for policy-makers and a stronger in the media in the past few response from the public. But decades, women are still understanding the concepts of India’s Media Boom noticeably in the minority risk and uncertainty, and how to Edited by in the top journalistic roles, communicate them, is a hotly James Painter despite making up the majority debated issue. In this book, of journalism students. In this James Painter analyses how Sponsor: Gerda Henkel book, Suzanne Franks looks the international media present Foundation/Reuters Institute for at the key issues surrounding these and other narratives the Study of Journalism female journalists – from on- around climate change. He screen sexism and ageism to the focuses on coverage of reports by This book is a collection of timely Media and dangers facing female foreign the Intergovernmental Panel on essays about the extraordinarily Democratisation: correspondents reporting from Climate Change (IPCC) and of the vibrant – but seriously flawed What is Known about war zones. She also analyses the melting ice of the Arctic Sea, and – media landscape in India. On the Role of Mass way that the changing digital includes six countries, Australia, the one hand, India boasts more Media in Transitions media have presented both France, India, Norway, the UK, than 200 24/7 news channels, to Democracy challenges and opportunities for and the USA. 250 private FM stations, and the Nael Jebril, women working in journalism and world’s biggest-selling English- Václav Stetka, and language newspaper in the world, Matthew Loveless 48 future of professional journalism. Sponsor: Reuters Institute for Ask the Audience: This report lays out the issues and the Study of Journalism Evaluating New Ways challenges that the evolving nature This report explores what is known to Fund TV Content of journalism present to working about the role of the mass media Sian Kevill and journalists and their roles. in transitions to democracy. It Alex Connock off ers a fundamental overview of Sponsor: Reuters Institute for OTHER thinking regarding democratisation the Study of Journalism PUBLICATIONS through the media, and covers the major works, theories, and themes This report examines the evolving relevant to the study of mass funding and distribution models media in transitional contexts. for TV and video content and the global debate around editorial credibility, regulation, and REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE eff ectiveness. It asks viewers, through polling by IPSOS Mori, what they think of content created Media Coverage of in this way and demonstrates Banking and a surprisingly high tolerance of Financial News advertiser presence. Robert G. Picard, Meera Selva, and Diego Bironzo

Sponsor: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism and Prime Research

This report examines how media Content Taxes in the covered the banking and Digital Age: Issues in financial sector from 2007 to Supporting Content How the Media Report Production with Levies Scientifi c Risk and 2013. It is based on an analysis of banking media reports from on ISPs, Telecoms, Uncertainty Search and Aggregator Teresa Ashe 12 news outlets in four European countries, plus four English- Firms, and Digital Products Sponsor: Green Templeton language business news outlets Kit Kowol and College Academic Initiative with wide European circulation. Robert G. Picard Small Grants Scheme Sponsor: Reuters Institute for Based on an extensive review What If there were the Study of Journalism of the academic literature, this No BBC Television? The Net Impact study examines the media’s This policy brief explores on UK Viewers reporting of risk and uncertainty suggestions that funds be raised around environmental and Patrick Barwise and Robert G. Picard to support content production health stories, summarising through taxes on internet how and when scientific stories Sponsor: Reuters Institute for service providers, telecoms, and involving them are reported, the Study of Journalism aggregators. It considers policy outlining theoretical approaches conflicts, revenue distribution, to media practices, and analysing This report is an independent and the feasibility and the factors that lie behind the contribution to the debate on sustainability of such measures. creation of news stories. the future of the BBC and uses a range of scenarios to compare the current UK television market with what it might be like if there were no BBC TV. The Future of Journalistic Work: Its Changing Nature and Implications Philipp Rottwilm

Sponsor: Green Templeton College Academic Initiatives Fund

Changes in the structural arrangements of journalistic labour and the nature of journalistic work have profound implications for the and Beyond Journalism Studies to News Values in Discourse: Approaches Delving into the WORKING PAPERS 10 countries. conducted byYouGov across consumersof onlinenews based onarepresentative survey about digital consumption news Report 2014 The Reuters Institute Foundation ofFinland Researchand theMediaIndustry UK; theUniversity ofNavarra; Roskilde University; Edelman Media andCommunication, Institute; theCentre for Power, Télévisions; theHansBredow FranceGlobal Newsworks; News; Sponsor: Google;Ofcom; BBC and David A.L.Levy Edited by NicNewman of News Tracking theFuture News Report 2014: Reuters Institute Digital reveals insights new Digital News digitalisation. particularly underconditions of looks attrust (trust organisations, andfor individuals trust for othersocialsystems, contribution to thecreation of evidence, itexplores journalism’s literature andonempirical review journalism. Basedonbotha relationship between trustand This paper examines the the Study ofJournalism Sponsor: Reuters Institute for Bernd Blöbaum a DigitalEnvironment Trust andJournalismin valuesnews analysis. the manydiff and mediastudies andteases out valuesof news withinjournalism extensive literature onthestudy This workingpaper explores the the Study ofJournalism Sponsor: Reuters Institute for Monika Bednarek Helen Capleand through erent approaches to in journalism)and journalism, factors enactment. andpolicy weak relations between those opinion, andparty attention, but finds strong relations amongnews, immigration intheUK.It policy and parliamentary actionson opinion, political party positions, immigration issues,public coveragebetween news of This paper investigates links the Study ofJournalism Sponsor: Reuters Institute for Robert G.Picard the United Kingdom Immigration News in Politics, Policy, and Public Opinion,Party expanding globally at a rapid pace. why ChinaCentral Television is This report explores howand the Study ofJournalism Sponsor: Reuters Institute for Si Central Television Reach ofChina The Growing Global Broadcasting: International Expansion of supposed to represent them. that –dejure ordefacto –are distrust inthepublicinstitutions consequences, ofsuchcitizen and examines thepotential paper attempts anexplanation, Thisworking confidence surveys. rank atthebottom ofpublic Politicians andjournalists the Study ofJournalism Sponsor: Reuters Institute for Elisabeth Braw Political andMediaElite Alienation andthe Vox Populi?Citizen 49 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 2 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 51 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE EVENTS A LEADING FORUM FOR ENGAGEMENT AND EXCHANGE

A flower planted in a used tear gas canister is seen on land Palestinians reclaimed two years ago following an Israeli court order to re-route its controversial barrier, in the West Bank village of Bilin near Ramallah October 1, 2013. REUTERS/Mohamad Torokman 52 2 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 RISJ EVENTS 2013-2014 Italy, the Zürcher Zeitung from Europe (the (Argentina’s Japan ( included participants from India ( organisation inthe21stcentury. Theforum and challenges involvedinrunninganews discussions onsomeofthekey opportunities for 24hours ofin-depthandoff-the-record Editors-in-Chief andCEOsfrom 10countries leaders, industry distinguished group ofnews forumThis one-day brought together a Study ofJournalism,Oxford Reuters Institute for the 3–4 April2014 CEO Forum Oxford Editor and and chaired by International Security, ChathamHouse), Iain MathewsonCMG University ofSouthern California), and School for Communication andJournalism, Monde Sylvie Kauffmann Micklethwait followed byapanel discussionwith Chancellor oftheUniversity ofOxford, Opening address by St Anne’s College, Oxford 18 November 2013 Age ofBigData and NationalSecurityinthe Responsible Journalism See feature onpage 24. 6-8 September 2013 Fellowship Programme 30th Anniversary ofthe SPECIAL EVENTS ), Asahi Shimbun Guardian Professor MichaelParks La Nación (Editor-in-Chief, , John Lloyd Berlinske Irish Times, andthe (Editorial Director, Lord Patten ofBarnes ), but with the majority ), butwiththemajority ), and Latin America ), andLatinAmerica (Associate Fellow, , theHuffington Post Financial Times

Le Monde (RISJ). The Economist The Hindu (Annenberg John John , the Le Le

). Neue Neue ), ), , ), ), Rapley Panellistsrisk. included: be learnt from othersectors communicating cover uncertainty to whether anylessonscan variety ofissuesranging from howthemedia This was followed byapanel discussionona Brentford address by media, andNGOslistened to theopening academia, climate science,investment, the Around 80people from theworldsof CCLA, London 18 September 2013 Uncertainty Media: Reporting Riskand Climate Changeinthe PUBLICATION LAUNCHES (CIO atCCLA). Environment Analyst),and (Reading University), roundtable discussion. Visiting Fellow, RISJ), was followed bya and (MAKE WorldMediaandVisitingFellow, RISJ) A presentation bytheauthors, Institute for Government, London 3 December 2013 New Ways to FundTVContent Ask theAudience: Evaluating John Lloyd findings,followed byaresponse from Kleis Nielsen University ofLondon) and Editors International Relations, Oxford Dept ofPoliticsand 11 November 2013 Transition Political Journalismin Alex Connock (UCL), Raymond Kuhn , President ofthe BritishAcademy. Lord (Nicholas)Stern of (RISJ). (RISJ) presented their Professor Rowan Sutton (Shine Northand Roger Harrabin (Queen Mary (Queen Mary Professor Chris Rasmus James Bevan SianKevill (BBC’s

53 1 Mark Thompson, President and Chief Executive of the New York Times Company. 2 Maya Mirchandani, Foreign Affairs Editor and Anchor, NDTV. 3 Jimmy Maymann (CEO of Huffington Post). 4 Farida Vis, Research Fellow, University of Sheffield©Julia Massey-Stewart, The Mango Lab. 5 Sylvie Kauffmann, Editorial Director, Le Monde. 6 John Micklethwait, Editor-in-Chief, The Economist. 7 Iain Mathewson CMG, Associate Fellow, International Security, Chatham House. 8 Monique Villa. 9 Climate Change in the Media launch. 10 Digital News Report 2014 Launch © Elyse Marks REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

1 2 3

4 5 6 7 ©Julia Massey-Stewart

8 9 10 3 54 1 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 Elyse Marks 6 Cambridge PrincipalofNewnhamand DameCarol College Black, Marks 2 1 CarlaBuzasi, Editor-in-Chief, TheHuffington Post UK© Panel attheDigital News Report 2014launch©Elyse Robert Shrimsley, ManagingEditor, FT.com ©ElyseMarks 3 DameTessa Jowell 5 7 EdWilliams,CEO,Edelman©ElyseMarks Perspectives onMediaRegulation panel 4 Caroline Criado-Perez 4 6 2 7 5 55 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

was co-organised and hosted by Edelman, companies. Speakers included: Jimmy Oxford Media Convention: sponsors of the 2014 Digital News Report. Maymann (CEO of Huffington Post),Tom Betts Do we Need the BBC? (FT.com), Amanda Farnsworth (BBC’s Visual 26 February 2014 Reuters Institute Digital Journalism), Bertrand Pecquerie (Global Saïd Business School, Oxford News Report 2014 Editors Network), and Ky Harlin (BuzzFeed). Patrick Barwise (London Business School/ 13 June 2014 RISJ) and Robert G. Picard (RISJ) presented Global Editors Network News PARTNERED EVENTS their report, followed by a panel discussion Summit, Barcelona featuring Nick Pearce (Director, IPPR), David #OGP13 Summit: Nic Newman and David Levy presented the Elstein (Chairman, openDemocracy.net and Government and the Media – findings of the 2014 Digital News Report at a Broadcasting Policy Group), Claire Enders Friends or Adversaries? session held at the GEN News Summit. Over (Founder, Enders Analysis) and James 31 October 2013 600 people attended the summit. Purnell (Director, Strategy & Digital, BBC). Open Government Partnership Annual Summit, London Media Coverage of Banking CONFERENCES This panel debate explored the roles and and Financial News Local Journalism around perspectives of different media towards 29 April 2014 the World: Professional open government. Speakers included: Thomson Reuters, London Practices, Economic John Lloyd (RISJ), Professor James T. Hamilton (Stanford University), Justin Rainer Mathes (President, PRIME Research) Foundations, and Political Arenstein (African Media Initiative), Yuli and David Levy (RISJ) gave the opening Implications Ismartono (Tempo Magazine, Indonesia), address, followed by a presentation by 27–28 February 2014 and moderated by Richard Sambrook the authors, Robert G. Picard (RISJ) and St Anne’s College, Oxford (Professor of Journalism and Director of the Meera Selva (Research Officer, European Centre for Journalism, Cardiff University). Journalism Observatory), with responses This two-day academic conference brought from Geert Linnebank (Trustee, Thomson together 45 researchers from 16 different Reuters Foundation), Alex Smith (Financial countries (UK, USA, Australia, New Zealand, A World of Influence: industry editor, Thomson Reuters) and Tim Germany, Norway, the Netherlands, Croatia, The International Media Burt (Managing partner, StockWell Group). Greece, Serbia, France, Austria, Belgium, Fight for Audiences Czech Republic, Denmark, and Sweden) to 4 November 2013 Reuters Institute Digital discuss the uncertain future of local journalism. BBC Radio Theatre, London A collection of conference papers will be News Report 2014 published as an edited book in mid-2015. Hosted by the BBC, and co-organised by 12 June 2014 RISJ, BBC World Service and BBC College Edelman, London Harnessing the Power of Journalism, this seminar explored the Report editors Nic Newman and David Levy of Big Data for Media values and agendas of the international presented the findings of the 2014 Digital 8 May 2014 broadcasters as they extend their reach around the world. Speakers included Dr News Report, followed by a panel discussion Microsoft Headquarters, London featuring Ed Williams (CEO, Edelman), Daya Thussu (Department of Journalism Andrew Miller (CEO, Guardian Media Group), This one-day conference, organised by the and Mass Communications, Westminster Carla Buzasi (Editor-in-Chief, The Huffington RISJ and World Newsmedia Network, explored University), Liliane Landor (BBC World Post UK), Robert Shrimsley (Managing Editor, the most impressive Big Data case studies Service), Dr Xiaoling Zhang (University of FT.com) and Richard Sambrook (Professor and the nuts-and-bolts approaches to Big Nottingham at Ningbo, China), Laura Smith of Journalism and Director of the Centre for Data strategies and implementation on both (Russia Today) and Chaired by Professor Journalism, Cardiff University). This event the journalism and business sides of media Stewart Purvis (City University London). 56 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 and AnchorofNDTV 24×7). by Regulatory Authority ofIndia),andmoderated Dr. Vijayalakshmy KGupta (Treasurer oftheEditors GuildofIndia), part oftheIndiaToday Group), Kalbag Levy included thefollowing panellists: Research Foundation, thispanel discussion Hosted andco-organised bytheObserver Foundation, Delhi,India Observer Research 5 February 2014 from theUK Regulation: Lessons Perspectives on Media of Journalism). Foundation andAsianCollegeDevelopment chaired by High Commissionerto India),andwas Jan Satta), and The HinduGroup), (Chairman, Kasturi &SonsandPublisher, John Lloyd Ethics: EastandWest”. Speakers included RISJ organised asession,“Journalistic Chennai Deputy HighCommission, Panos SouthAsia,andBritish Development Foundation, Chennai, Organised by Media 3–4 February 2014 Perspectives of Regulation: Indo-UK Public Interest, andIssues Conference onMedia, Maya Mirchandani, (RISJ), (former Editor of Sashi Kumar (RISJ), John Lloyd Sir JamesBevan Om Thanvi Narasimhan Ram (Foreign Affairs Editor (RISJ), Business Today (Chairman,Media , (Telecom Rohit Bansal Chaitanya (Editor, David David (British

, ITN, Sky News, and Channel 4 News. andChannel4News. ITN, SkyNews, executives fromand seniornews theBBC, and editor, Winston Mano Cheeseman BBC environment correspondent). correspondent), and Doyle Lester Scientific American speakers: Change Institute, includedthefollowing and hosted bytheEnvironmental This panel discussion, co-organised Auditorium, Oxford School ofGeography 20 June2014 Environment Reporting? What Future for International Relations, Oxford). (Editor, Panellists included: African Studies Centre andReuters Institute. This seminarwas co-organised bythe St Antony’s College, Oxford 27 May 2014 Democracy inAfrica Media, Conflict, and Perez Other speakers included address was givenby women inbroadcast Thekeynote news. datadiscussed new onrepresentations of Reuters Institute andCityUniversity London, This conference, co-sponsored bythe City University, London 4 April2014 Women onAir Alexandra Reza , (ThomsonReuters environment Journal ofAfrican MediaStudies Helen GoodmanMP (University ofTasmania), The Star Curtis Brainard (African Studies, Oxford), (University ofWestminster, Newspaper, Kenya), ), Catherine Gicheru Professor Libby Richard Black (Dept ofPolitics and Dame Tessa Jowell Caroline Criado- (Blogeditor, , Anne Morrison Alister (former Nic ) . , Relations, University of Oxford, and RISJ. and Relations, University ofOxford, Evidence, DeptofPolitics andInternational was co-organised byNesta, Alliance for Useful Centre, University ofOxford). Thisconference Alfie Abdul-Rahman e-Research Centre, University ofOxford), and (Swansea University), (Migration Observatory), Allen (Trinity Mirror), Collingwood Chris Hemmingway (RISJ), University ofOxford), Luciano Floridi visualisation. Speakers included: – can make more effective usesofdata charities,andacademia government, explored howdifferent sectors –media, uses, whatisgood and andbad aboutit, data visualisationisimportant, its current This half-day conference looked atwhy Nesta, London 20 June2014 Challenges inProducing it Better Visualisation and Visualisation: The Casefor Making Research Usefulvia (Migration Observatory), (Migration Observatory), Geoff Mulgan (Rowntree), Alan Smith (Oxford Internet Institute, (ChiefExecutive, Nesta), Robert G.Picard (Oxford e-Research (Cabinet Office), Simon Walton Dr Mark Jones Dr MarkJones Clare Miller (ONS), Rob McNeil Professor William William (Oxford Aleks Aleks

57 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE

RESEARCH WORKSHOPS Changing Media Ecologies and their Impact on The Political Economy of Environment Reporting News Reporting 20 June 2014 23 August 2013 St Anne’s College, Oxford Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, Oxford This workshop brought together a range of colleagues from the UK, USA, and Australia Scholars from US, UK, and French to discuss the future of environment universities gathered at the RISJ to discuss reporting. Participants included Richard the political economy of news and how news Black (former BBC environment has been funded, subsidised, and cross- correspondent), Curtis Brainard (Scientific subsidised from the 17th century to the American), Leo Hickman (WWF), Alister present day. Doyle (Thomson Reuters), and others A World of Influence: from the universities of Bristol, Navarra, International Broadcasters in Media Content Taxes, Levies Tasmania, and Exeter. the Contest for Influence on ISPs, Telecoms, and Other 8 July 2014 Digital Products House of Commons, London 29 November 2013 Reuters Institute for the Study This seminar, hosted by the House of of Journalism, Oxford Commons, was co-organised by RISJ and the BBC World Service, and explored the This RISJ workshop brought together competing values and agendas of key scholars, policy analysts, and regulators to global media players as they extend their consider proposed initiatives to institute reach around the world. Seminar speakers taxes or levies on internet service providers included: Peter Horrocks (BBC World and other digital services in an attempt to Service), Ben Rayner (Al-Jazeera English), compensate news organisations for lost Victor Balagadde (UK edition, Kommersant), revenue caused by the emergence of Monique Villa (Thomson Reuters digital media. Foundation). It was chaired by Professor Stewart Purvis (City University London). The Future of Journalistic Work 14 March 2014 Green Templeton College, Oxford

This workshop explored how entrepreneurial journalism is changing the work of journalism, its norms and practices, the organisation and direction of journalistic labour, perceptions of journalists identity and work/life boundaries. 58 2 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 RISJ SEMINARSERIES 2013-2014 editor of Institute ofCommonwealth Studies, and Keith Somerville death ofpublicfigures journalists report the Framing death–how Centre for Peace andConflict Studies University ofSydney, andDirector ofthe Jake Lynch reporting conflict A globalstandard for Inter-American Press Association (SIP) El Comercio, Peru,andpresident ofthe Alejandro Quesada journalistic environment A life inatreacherous Controller, BBC,RISJResearch Associate Nic Newman changing audience behaviour Future mediatrends and Vladimir Putin How Russia Fell InAndOutOfLove with Ben Judah reporting Russia’s outback Moscow isnotRussia – Emeritus, Internews David Hoffman independent journalists movement andtherole of The globalcitizens’ Dr RasmusKleisNielsen the mediaworld Ten years that shook MICHAELMAS TERM 2013 GREEN TEMPLETON COLLEGE JOURNALISM AND PRACTICE OF THE BUSINESS Africa –News andAnalysis , authorof , Associate Professor at the , former Future Media , Founder/President , SeniorResearch Fellow, , former director of Fragile Empire: , RISJ

School ofEconomics Professor LilieChouliaraki, beyond apoliticsofpity humanitarian communication Post-humanitarianism: Financial Times James Lamont, The FT’s digitalstrategy Data Journalist, the Mona Chalabi, academia: friendorfoe? Data journalismand Leeds Metropolitan University Professor AnneGregory of journalism? Could PRbethesaviour Journalism, University ofStirling Dr Adrian Hadland in the21st century changing journalismpractice How mobilephones are Editor, the Ewen Macaskill the Leaks, Snowden, and and journalist Owen Bennett-Jones specialist journalism Reporting Pakistan and University ofWestminster, London Professor Daya Thussu power: Buddhato Bollywood Communicating India’s soft HILARY TERM2014 Analysis ofSocialMedia,Demos Jamie Bartlett weaknesses ofsocialmedia The strengths and Guardian Guardian , Director, Centre for the , Diplomatic ManagingEditor, the

, Director of Guardian

, BBCpresenter , , London Free Media relations for theSyrian Association of Armand Hurault of afree media? Syria –whatchance Caixin Vincent Ni, chinese mediaperspective the Sino-Japanstandoff:a From theArab Springto Paul Lashmar their relations withthemedia The intelligence agenciesand The Economist Tom Standage how TheEconomist fitsin News inthedigitalage, and University andRISJResearch Associate Professor Lucy Küng solutions consequences andpossible media organisations: causes, Leadership overload in TRINITY TERM2014 Complaints Commission Lord (David) Hunt in theUnited Kingdom The future ofpress regulation Giugliano, leader writer, the John Lloyd, Berlusconi era Media andpoliticsinthe Rose Wild Press complaints inpractice MICHAELMAS TERM2013 NUFFIELD COLLEGE SEMINARS POLITICS MEDIA AND Will Gompertz, What isnews? and SocialMediaHub, BBCNews Trushar Barot and digitalage newsgathering inthesocial The changingface of City University, London Professor SuzanneFranks aid, politics,andthemedia Reporting disasters: famine, magazine , Feedback editor, RISJ, withFerdinando Europe Correspondent, , BrunelUniversity , assistant editor oftheUGC , MediaCorrespondent, BBCArtseditor , thedirector ofpublic , chairman,Press , Jönköping , Financial Times The Times

the PublicAccounts Committee Margaret Hodge Accounts Committee reflections onthePublic Good value for money: Adam Boulton 2014 meanfor 2015? Politics andTV: What could Policy Adviser at No. 10 Ambassador to Washington andForeign Sir David Manning Whitehall andWashington A view ofthemedia from the Steven Erlanger the timeofPrismandTwitter France to aUSaudience in Reporting theUK,EUand Kirsty Hughes Royal Charters the perilsofLeveson andthe Politics andpress freedom: author of Journalism atCityUniversity, London, and Stewart Purvis over wars line ...withgovernments When reporters cross the Defence Secretary Geoff Hoon The Defence Business HILARY TERM2014 Sir SimonJenkins Being aColumnist Dr Colette Bowe communications Reflections onregulating the Metropolitan Police Lord (Ian)Blair, urging mediareform Voltaire’s deathbed: Miliband without Portfolio andadviserto Ed Lord (Stewart) Wood since the2008crash Labour andthemedia New York Times When Reporters Cross theLine , former LabourMPand , CEO, Index onCensorship , Professor ofTelevision , PoliticalEditor, former chiefof , London correspondent, , Labour MP and chair of , LabourMPandchairof , Chair, Ofcom , the , former British , Shadow Minister Guardian Sky News columnist

covering politics blogging andnew Speed plusinsight:live Queen Mary, University ofLondon Professor Raymond Kuhn (can’t they?) things canonlygetbetter The Hollandepresidency – TRINITY TERM2014 RISJ Visiting Fellow Ravi Narasimhan South Asia Media self-regulation in Rasmus KleisNielsen Open SocietyFoundations. Chaired by of Oxford; Starks, Professor Robert G.Picard media regulation system? Does itspelltheendofour Does itenhance democracy? television: isitarevolution? The switch to digital MICHAELMAS TERM2013 RELATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT OFPOLITICS SEMINARS MEDIA RESEARCH THE OXFORD UK CabinetOffice Minister Finance Adviser, andformer Baroness ShritiVadera politics, andthemedia An insiderview on business, Together Campaign Nuffield Collegeandadviser totheBetter Professor JimGallagher end oftheUK? Scottish independence –the now senioradviserto Edelman Anji Hunter politics andbusiness relationship between media, Murdoch marriesBlair–the Thomson Reuters Paul Taylor, covering theeurozone crisis Challenges andpitfalls of Andrew Sparrow correspondent andlive blogger Associate ofPCMLP, University Dr MarkThompson , former aideto Tony Blair, European Affairs Editor, , the

, , RISJ. Guardian , Strategy and ways of of ways , , RISJ; , , Editor, political Michael Michael Dr Dr of SocialResearch, University ofHelsinki Professor HannuNieminen four-country comparison communication regulation: a in European mediaand Challenges andconfusion Internet Institute, University ofOxford Georgi Kantchev, online age transition: news wires inthe Media business modelsin HILARY TERM2013 Dr Monika Bednarek Dr HelenCaple newsworthiness the construction of Language, image, and Dr CatrionaBonfiglioli epidemic news mediaintheobesity investigating therole ofthe Framing obesity: RISJ Visiting Fellow Dr JuanPablo Artero Europe andtheUSA Issues inmediaconcentration: Sociology, CambridgeUniversity Dr EllaMcPherson rights reporting in Mexico Contesting credibility: human candidate, University ofBedfordshire Mohammed-Ali Abunajela Brotherhood inEgypt Al-Jazeera andtheMuslim TRINITY TERM2014 Zehra Sayed Thomson Reuters inIndia media firms:casestudy of transfer withintransnational Challenges to knowledge RISJ Visiting Fellow Dr Eva Polonska-Kimunguyi the caseofDeutscheWelle public diplomacyinAfrica: European broadcasting and , RISJVisiting Fellow , RISJVisiting Fellow and D.Phil. candidate, Oxford , Department of , Departmentof , RISJVisiting Fellow , RISJVisiting Fellow , , Ph.D. , Department , Department , 59 8 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 2 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 61 REUTERS INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT ’13-’14 REPORT ANNUAL REUTERS INSTITUTE ABOUT US

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