Missouri's Forest Resource Assessment and Strategy
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
2010 Missouri’s Forest Resource Assessment and Strategy Seeking a Sustainable Future for Missouri’s Forest Resources Assessment prepared by: Missouri Department of Conservation, U.S.D.A Forest Service Northern Research Station Forest Inventory and Analysis Program Strategy prepared by: Missouri Department of Conservation Acknowledgements The author gives special thanks to John Fleming, now retired from the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC), for his guidance and unlimited support in developing this project; to Mike Morris, MDC, for patiently fulfilling my requests for maps, data and other support; to Keith Moser, U.S. Forest Service – Northern Research Station, for producing and supplying a large amount of Forest Inventory and Analysis Data, for his content contributions and his invaluable review; to Tom Treiman, MDC, for providing helpful insights and review; to Sherri Wormstead, U.S. Forest Service – Northeastern Area - State and Private Forestry, for her tireless work collaborating with NA/NAASF to compile and create terrific guidance to states for preparing State Forest Resource Assessments and Strategies; and to Lisa Allen, MDC State Forester, for believing in this project and dedicating the resources needed to pull it off. Much thanks also goes to our MDC FRAS interdivisional team for offering their ideas and review: Paul Calvert (Fisheries Division), Dennis Figg (Wildlife Division), Tim Nigh (Resource Science Division) and Bill White (Private Lands Division); to MDC’s Forestry Division Leadership, Program Staff and Regional Supervisors who endured countless questions and requests for information or review; and last, but certainly not least, to the countless stakeholder groups and individuals who participated in meetings and other feedback opportunities and who will ultimately make FRAS the success it is intended to be. For More Information For inquiries about Missouri’s Forest Resource Assessment and Strategy, contact: Missouri Department of Conservation Forestry Division P.O. Box 180 Jefferson City, MO 65102 573-741-4115 Missouri’s Forest Resource Assessment and Strategy Missouri’s Forest Resource Assessment and Strategy Seeking a Sustainable Future for Missouri’s Forest Resources Assessment prepared by: Gus Raeker, John Fleming, Mike Morris, Keith Moser and Tom Treiman Missouri Department of Conservation U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Northern Research Station – Forest Inventory and Analysis Program Strategy prepared by: Gus Raeker and John Fleming Missouri Department of Conservation Missouri’s Forest Resource Assessment and Strategy Table of Contents 4 Table of Contents: Page #: Forward 6 Chapter One: Introduction 7 Chapter Two: Executive Summary 9 Chapter Three: The Assessment 25 Part A: Issue Themes – Conditions, Trends, Threats and Opportunities 25 Issue One: Private Forest Landowner Demographic Trends, and Corresponding Land Use Changes 26 A. Private Forest LandownerT Demographi c rends 27 B. Land Use Changes: Forest Conversion 28 C. Land Use Changes: Forest Fragmentation 29 D. Land Use Changes: Forest Parcelization 32 E. Land Use Changes: Urban Sprawl 33 F. Forest Legacy 34 Issue Two: Challenges and Opportunities for Private Forest Landowners 35 A. Availability of Quality Forest Management Assistance 36 B. Revenue Drains 37 C. Revenue Sources 38 D. Legal Issues 40 Issue Three: Climate Change 42 A. Our Changing Climate 43 B. Potential Implications of a Changing Climate 46 Issue Four: Maintaining High Quality Soil and Water Resources 55 A. The Role of Trees and Forests in Maintaining Soil and Water Resources 56 B. Forests and Drinking Water: The USFS Forests, Water and People Assessment 57 C. Best Management Practices (BMP’s) 59 Issue Five: The Role of Fire in Missouri’s Forests – Past, Present and Future 61 A. Missouri’s Fire History 62 B. Missouri’s Modern Wildfire Status 63 C. Wildfire Priority Areas 66 D. Unintended Consequences: 72 Case Study One: Increasing Presence of Shade Tolerant, Fire Intolerant Species 72 Case Study Two: Crowded Forests and Woodlands 75 Case Study Three: Structural Diversity 76 E. Prescribed Fire, and Other Management Practices 76 Issue Six: Missouri’s Growth, Harvest and Consumption of Forest Products 77 A. Growth, Yield and Consumption Rates 78 B. Maintaining Demand for Missouri’s Forest Products 83 C. Potential Emerging Markets 83 D. Mortality Issues 84 E. Sustainable versus Unsustainable Forest Management Practices 85 F. Establishing Trust among Landowners, Foresters, Loggers and Mill Owners 85 Issue Seven: Forest Health Threats - Plants, Animals, Diseases and Weather 86 A. Exotic Invasive Plant Species 87 B. Native Invasive Plant Species 88 C. Insects and Diseases 89 Case Study One: Red Oak Decline and Shortleaf Pine Restoration Opportunities 90 Case Study Two: Emerald Ash Borer 94 Missouri’s Forest Resource Assessment and Strategy Table of Contents 5 Case Study Three: Gypsy Moth 95 D. Feral Hogs 96 E. Grazing – Livestock and Deer 96 F. Weather Considerations 97 Issue Eight: The Role of Trees and Forests in Improving Quality of Life and Sustainability in Cities 98 A. Planting, Protecting and Maintaining Urban Trees Doesn’t Cost, it Saves… 99 B. Public Attitudes towards Urban and Community Forestry 100 C. Missouri’s Community Forests are Changing 100 D. The Status of Community Forestry Programs 101 E. Benchmarks For Measuring Success 102 F. Proper Tree Care Practices 104 G. Partnerships 104 Issue Nine: Public Lands which are Managed for the Greatest Public Good 106 A. The Importance of Publicly-Owned Forestland 107 B. Availability of Public Forestland and Recreational Opportunities 108 C. Public Land Management Challenges 110 Issue Ten: Maintaining Biodiversity 113 A. Missouri’s Biodiversity 114 B. Missouri’s Forest and Woodland Communities and Ecological Classification Systems 115 C. Missouri’s Comprehensive Wildlife Strategy 123 D. Natural Community Management and Forest Land Action Guidelines 125 E. Missouri’s Natural Areas System 126 Issue Eleven: Logistical Framework for Sustainability 127 A. Financial Considerations 128 B. Partnerships & List of Contributing Organizations 128 C. Public Awareness and Support 128 D. Legal Framework 129 E. Bringing it all Together 129 Part B: Forest Opportunity Areas 130 Rural/WUI Forest Opportunity Areas 131 The Forest Opportunity Model 131 Rural/WUI Forest Opportunity Areas Designation and Map 141 Synergies with Missouri’s Comprehensive Wildlife Strategy 143 Urban Forest Opportunity Areas 144 Combined Map of Forest Opportunity 146 Multi-State Priority Areas 147 Chapter Four: The Strategy 149 List of Strategies 149 Strategy Matrix 159 Appendices 191 A. List of Participating Organizations 191 B. List of the Seven Criteria of Forest Sustainability and Indicators 192 C. List of Potential Stakeholders and Acronyms used in Strategy Matrix 193 D. List of Other Commonly Used Acronyms 194 E. Multi-State Priority Area and Issue Write-ups 195 F. List of Data Gaps 217 G. List of Other Plans Consulted 217 H. Literature Cited 218 Missouri’s Forest Resource Assessment and Strategy Forward 6 Forward Welcome to Missouri’s first statewide Forest Resource Assessment and Strategy (FRAS). FRAS represents a new beginning in the way Missourians care for our trees and forests. Missouri’s trees, woodlands and forests are a resource to behold – providing us with clean water, clean air, high-quality wildlife habitat, diverse outdoor recreational opportunities, and a forest products industry that contributes $5.7 billion to Missouri’s economy annually. Ensuring that these benefits are sustained and enhanced for Missourians today and into the future is a priority for the Missouri Department of Conservation. FRAS is a comprehensive Assessment of our current and future expectations for our trees, woodlands and forests, and an analysis of challenges and opportunities for achieving these expectations. The Assessment provides the foundation for our Strategy – which in turn serves as a blueprint for maintaining and enhancing the health and benefits of our forest resources. FRAS reveals that Missouri’s forest resources are at a unique crossroads. Missouri’s forests are increasingly more threatened. Simultaneously, our forests offer tremendous potential to alleviate many of our most pressing social and environmental challenges. Properly addressing these threats and opportunities is far more than any one agency or organization can tackle on its own. This complex task will require unprecedented levels of collaboration and partnership between conservation agencies, non-government organizations and dedicated individuals. It will also necessitate greatly increased public awareness of the importance of our trees, woodlands and forests, and public engagement in activities which enhance their sustainability. FRAS serves as the vehicle that has the potential to fulfill all of these needed elements. I trust this document will be informative and inspire you to join us in our pursuit to sustain Missouri’s treasured trees and forests! Lisa G. Allen State Forester, Missouri Department of Conservation Missouri’s Forest Resource Assessment and Strategy Introduction 7 Chapter One: Introduction Missouri’s landscape includes an impressive 15.4 million acres of forestland, comprising 35% of Missouri’s total acreage1, and an extensive urban forest network of street, yard and park trees. These forest resources come in a wide assortment of sizes, shapes and ownerships which collectively provide extensive benefits we all depend on – clean water and air, protection of soil, forest products, wildlife