DOCSLIB.ORG

ECONOMIC POLICY and the TRANSITION to DEMOCRACY Economic Policy and the Transition to Democracy the Latin American Experience

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ECONOMIC POLICY and the TRANSITION to DEMOCRACY Economic Policy and the Transition to Democracy the Latin American Experience ECONOMIC POLICY AND THE TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY Economic Policy and the Transition to Democracy The Latin American Experience Edited by Juan Antonio Morales Professor of Economics and Econometrics Catholic University of Bolivia and Gary McMahon Senior Specialist International Development Research Centre Ottawa, Canada INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTRE Editorial matter and selection © Juan Antonio Morales and Gary McMahon 1996 Chapters 1-7 © Macmillan Press Ltd. 1996 Published in the United Kingdom in 1996 by Macmillan Press Ltd. Published in Canada in 1996 by the International Development Research Centre PO Box 8500 Ottawa, Canada KIG 3H9 Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Morales J. A. McMahon, G. Economic policy and the transition to democracy : the Latin American experience, Ottawa, ON, IDRC ; Houndmills, Macmillan Press Ltd 1996. 000p.: ill. /Economic policy/,/democratization/./economic stabilization/,/economic reform/,/economic administration/,/Latin America/-/ Bol iv i a/,/Argentina/, /Brazil/,/Uruguay/,/Paraguay/,/Chile/,/case studies/. UDC: 338.2:321.7(8) ISBN 0-88936-747-7 (hc) ISBN 0-88936-754--X (pb) I would like to dedicate this book to all of my friends in South America who have kept up the intellectual battle through the bad as well as the good years and, incidentally, have also made my job so much more enjoyable. GARY MCMAHON Contents List of Tables x Notes on the Contributors xii Foreword xiv List of Abbreviations xv Map of Latin America xvii 1 Economic Policy after the Transition to Democracy: A Synthesis Juan Antonio Morales 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The inheritance of the military governments 3 1.3 The first governments of the democratic transition 6 1.4 Stabilisation programmes during the transition 10 1.5 Failed stabilisations and second-round successes 13 1.6 The economic reforms 18 1.7 The interactions between politics and economics during the transition 20 1.8 Final comments 27 2 Economic Policy in Bolivia after the Transition to Democracy Juan Antonio Morales 30 2.1 Introduction 30 2.2 The return to democracy and the difficulties faced by the government 31 2.3 Efficient administrations and the new economic policy 34 2.4 Public sector reform 38 2.5 Prospects of the NEP 43 2.6 Final comments 46 vii viii Contents 3 Democratic Restoration and Economic Policy: Argentina, 1984-91 Mario Damill and Roberto Frenkel 49 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 Background 53 3.3 The problems of economic adjustment in a democracy 62 3.4 Final considerations 92 Appendix 3.1 96 4 An Economist's Political View of Democratisation in Brazil Edward J. Amadeo 112 4.1 Introduction 112 4.2 The economic and social facts 115 4.3 Societal and political aspects of democratisation 124 4.4 Conclusions 133 5 Democratic Restoration and Economic Policy: Uruguay 1985-89 Luis Macadar 137 5.1 Introduction 137 5.2 Major trends 137 5.3 The legacy of the crisis 139 5.4 The economic policy of the constitutional government 141 5.5 Recovery and adjustment 149 5.6 Consolidation of external sector liberalisation 151 5.7 Domestic disequilibria 153 5.8 Changes in income and factor distribution 157 5.9 Summary and conclusions 161 6 Economic Policy and the Transition to Democracy in Paraguay Melissa H. Birch 166 6.1 Introduction 166 6.2 The economic legacy of the Stroessner regime 167 6.3 The Paraguayan economy in transition 172 6.4 Economic policy and the transition to democracy 174 6.5 The unfinished agenda: institutional modernisation and economic development 194 Contents ix 7 Chile in Transition: Economic and Political Strategies Oscar Munoz Goma and Carmen Celedon 191 7.1 Introduction 191 7.2 Major strategy options for the transition to democracy 191 7.3 The social market economy and the private sector 195 7.4 Macroeconomic policy 204 7.5 Democracy and governability: themes for the 1990s 212 Bibliography 223 Index 231 ix List of Tables 2.1 Consolidated non-financial public sector operations, 1980-90 39 2.2 Evolution of public sector social expenditure, 1980-8 40 2.3 Employment in the public sector, 1980-9 42 2.4 Private and public gross fixed capital formation, 1980-90 43 3.1 Inflation, growth and balance of current transactions with the rest of the world, 1960-91 96 3.2 National income, savings and investment 97 3.3 External savings, fiscal deficit and private surplus 97 3.4 Real exchange rate and real wages 98 3.5 Total external and public debt 98 3.6 External debt as percentage of GDP and of exports 99 3.7 Public sector savings, investment and financing 99 3.8 Monetary assets in the hands of the public 100 3.9 Composition of GDP by type of activity 100 3.10 Balance of payments 101 3.11 Prices of commercial exchange 101 3.12 Real rates of interest 102 3.13 Employment by sector 102 3.14 Unemployment and underemployment 103 3.15 Estimates of functional distribution of income 103 3.16 Evolution of the tariff structure 104 3.17 Public bidding for the National Telecommunications Enterprise - ENTEL 105 3.18 Revenue from the privatisation of state-owned companies and public bids for petroleum exploitation areas 105 4.1 National accounts 116 4.2 Interest rate, inflation and relative prices 117 4.3 Social and economic indicators: Brazil compared with middle- and high-income countries 120 4.4 Income distribution and enrolment in education, 1982 123 4.5 Distribution of public expenditure on education according to educational and governmental level, 1988 123 x List of Tables xi 4.6 Percentage of failures, repeaters and graduates by type of school, 1987 123 5.1 Uruguay: main macroeconomic indicators 142 5.2 Uruguay: main external sector indicators 144 5.3 Uruguay: main financial indicators 154 5.4 Transfer of revenues 159 6.1 Real rates of economic growth 168 6.2 Changes in real wages 169 6.3 Structure of the Paraguayan economy 169 6.4 Paraguay: external debt 171 6.5 Central government expenditure by ministry 176 6.6 Macroeconomic indicators, 1983-8 177 6.7 Real wages under democracy 181 7.1 Chile: evolution of the principal macroeconomic indicators 206 7.2 Chile: balance of payments, 1989-92 211 7.3 Chile: foreign debt by debtor at the end of the year and indebtedness indicators 213 Notes on the Contributors Edward J. Amadeo received his PhD in economics at Harvard Uni- versity in 1986. He is the author of Keynes's Principle of Effective Demand, Keynes's Third Alternative, with Amitava K. Dutt, and sev- eral published articles. Melissa H. Birch is Associate Professor at the Darden School of Business Administration at the University of Virginia. She received a Fulbright award to conduct research on public enterprise and economic develop- ment in Paraguay and is the author of several articles on the Para- guayan economy. She travels frequently to Latin America, especially the Southern Cone, for research and consulting on public enterprise management and privatisation. Carmen Celedon was born in Santiago, Chile in 1955. She received her undergraduate and master's degree in economics from the Univer- sity of Chile. She has been a research economist at the Centre for Latin American Economic Research (CIEPLAN) since 1989 and as- sistant to the executive director since 1992. Her main fields of special- isation are international economics, macroeconomics, and public sector reform and modernisation. Mario Damill is Professor of Macroeconomics at the School of Econ- omics of the Universidad de Buenos Aires and at the Institute for Econ- omic and Social Development (IDES). Roberto Frenkel took part in the Austral Plan, the most important stabilisation attempt in Argentina during 1980s, as the head of the Advisors' Committee of the Minstry of Economy. At present he is Director of the Graduate Program on Capital Markets at Universidad de Buenos Aires, and Director of the Graduate Program in Economics at the Institute for Economic and Social Development (IDES). Luis Macadar has been Investment and Project Expert at the govern- ment agency (CIDE) that prepared the First National Plan for Econ- omic and Social Development in Uruguay in 1965. From 1967, he was Researcher at the Institute of Economics of the University. In 1972 he xii Notes on the Contributors xiii was appointed Professor of Investment Project Evaluation. In 1975, together with other Uruguayan Economists, he founded the Centro de Investigaciones Economica (CINVE-Uruguay), where he conducted several academic research works, with support from foreign donor agencies (Ford Foundation, IDRC, SAREC), and he was Director of the Center until 1988. He has also been a consultant for several inter- national agencies (UN, IDB, World Bank, ECLA, ALADI, INTAL), and his writing includes books and articles about Uruguay in the field of economic policy, industry and trade. Juan Antonio Morales is Professor of Economics and Econometrics at the Catholic University of Bolivia. He has published widely stabilisation and structural adjustment in Latin America. Currently he is on the Board of Directors of the Central Bank of Bolivia. Gary McMahon is Senior Specialist with the International Develop- ment Research Centre (IDRC) of Canada, where he has worked since 1989. Prior to this appointment he was Professor of Economics at Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada, for eight years. Before join- ing the IDRC he published a number of articles in the area of comput- able general equilibrium models and their application to the problems of developing countries. In recent years he has concentrated on macro- economic and stabilisation issues, especially with respect to Latin America. His more recent work includes articles on heterodox stabilisation policies, the economic lessons for Eastern Europe from Latin America, and the interaction between fiscal and macroeconomic policies.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Proyecto Internacional De Derechos Humanos - Londres Boletín No
    Proyecto Internacional de Derechos Humanos - Londres Boletín No. 135 1-15 Abril 2006 Este boletín es editado quincenalmente y es distribuido gratis por correo electrónico. Subscripciones: [email protected] - Nuestro sitio web es www.memoriaviva.com y www.ecomemoria.com 1 de Abril 2006 La Nacion Uruguay: detienen a militares para extraditarlos a Chile en caso Berríos El coronel Waldemar Sarli y el teniente coronel Eduardo Radaelli, ambos en actividad, y el coronel retirado Tomás Casella, fueron alojados en la Escuela e Armas y Servicios del arma, para que allí aguarden el traslado a Chile. En Chile deberán responder por el secuestro y asesinato en Uruguay del ex agente de la policía secreta del dictador Augusto Pinochet, Eugenio Berríos. 2 de abril 2006 La Nacion Secretaria de Pinochet registra depósitos no justificados por 1,6 millones de dólares Mónica Ananías, la secretaria privada del ex dictador Augusto Pinochet, recibió depósitos por el equivalente a más de dos millones de dólares entre octubre de 1994 y agosto de 2004 de los cuales 1,6 millones no tienen justificación, reveló un informe de la policía de investigaciones. El diario La Tercera informó que estos antecedentes constan en un informe policial elaborado a petición del juez Carlos Cerda, quien investigó los dineros de Pinochet hasta que fue recusado por los abogados de la defensa del ex dictador. Mientras estaba a cargo del proceso, el juez Cerda pidió a la policía investigar la situación patrimonial de Ananías y el origen de sus bienes e inversiones, incluida una cuenta bancaria en la sucursal del Banco Chile en Miami.
    [Show full text]
  • The Transformation of Party-Union Linkages in Argentine Peronism, 1983–1999*
    FROM LABOR POLITICS TO MACHINE POLITICS: The Transformation of Party-Union Linkages in Argentine Peronism, 1983–1999* Steven Levitsky Harvard University Abstract: The Argentine (Peronist) Justicialista Party (PJ)** underwent a far- reaching coalitional transformation during the 1980s and 1990s. Party reformers dismantled Peronism’s traditional mechanisms of labor participation, and clientelist networks replaced unions as the primary linkage to the working and lower classes. By the early 1990s, the PJ had transformed from a labor-dominated party into a machine party in which unions were relatively marginal actors. This process of de-unionization was critical to the PJ’s electoral and policy success during the presidency of Carlos Menem (1989–99). The erosion of union influ- ence facilitated efforts to attract middle-class votes and eliminated a key source of internal opposition to the government’s economic reforms. At the same time, the consolidation of clientelist networks helped the PJ maintain its traditional work- ing- and lower-class base in a context of economic crisis and neoliberal reform. This article argues that Peronism’s radical de-unionization was facilitated by the weakly institutionalized nature of its traditional party-union linkage. Although unions dominated the PJ in the early 1980s, the rules of the game governing their participation were always informal, fluid, and contested, leaving them vulner- able to internal changes in the distribution of power. Such a change occurred during the 1980s, when office-holding politicians used patronage resources to challenge labor’s privileged position in the party. When these politicians gained control of the party in 1987, Peronism’s weakly institutionalized mechanisms of union participation collapsed, paving the way for the consolidation of machine politics—and a steep decline in union influence—during the 1990s.
    [Show full text]
  • Restoring Economic Growth in Argentina
    マーク色指定C10M100Y100 JBICI Research Paper No. 27 Restoring Economic Growth in Argentina January 2004 JBIC Institute Japan Bank for International Cooperation JBICI Research Paper No.27 Restoring Economic Growth in Argentina January 2004 JBIC Institute Japan Bank for International Cooperation JBICI Research Paper No. 27 Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) Published in January 2004 © 2004 Japan Bank for International Cooperation All rights reserved. This Research Paper is based on the findings and discussions of the JBIC. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the JBIC. No part of this Research Paper may be reproduced in any form without the express permission of the publisher. For further information please contact the Planning and Coordination Division of our Institute. Foreword About two years have passed since Argentina faced the onset of what Dr. Cline calls the 3D economic collapse: default, devaluation, and depression. In 2002 the country’s GDP contracted by 11 per cent, the worst on its record. Despite the substantial depreciation of the peso, however, hyperinflation was successfully avoided. And more recently the economy has shown a substantial recovery, particularly in the manufacturing sector. On the other hand, there has been no significant progress in the banking sector reform, which is listed by Dr. Cline as a key challenge for immediate future. Furthermore, the prospects remain opaque for the sovereign debt restructuring, which Dr. Cline deems crucial for reestablishing Argentina’s credit reputation and eventual capacity to return to credit markets. After the introduction chapter, the Chapter 2 of this paper surveys the arguments on the main cause of the 3D collapse.
    [Show full text]
  • “Here in Paraguay We Have to Sacrifice So Much to Get Anything”: Perceptions of Health and Healthcare Services Among Subsistence Farmers in Paraguay
    “Here in Paraguay we have to sacrifice so much to get anything”: Perceptions of Health and Healthcare Services among Subsistence Farmers in Paraguay By Sarah A. Flanagan A thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Public Issues Anthropology Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Sarah A. Flanagan, September 2012 ABSTRACT “HERE IN PARAGUAY WE HAVE TO SACRIFICE SO MUCH TO GET ANYTHING”: PERCEPTIONS OF HEALTH AND HEALTHCARE SERVICES AMONG SUBSISTENCE FARMERS IN PARAGUAY Sarah A. Flanagan Advisor: Professor Elizabeth Finnis University of Guelph, 2012 In this Master's of Public Issues Anthropology thesis I examine the perceptions of health and healthcare services within a small rural subsistence farming community in South-Western Paraguay from a political ecology of health perspective. Qualitative research data was collected from May to September of 2010 in Lindo Manantial, a subsistence farming village, and Piribebuy, the closest town to Lindo Manantial and the location of the nearest health centre, the Piribebuy Centro de Salud. The primary goals of this research project were to gain an ethnographic understanding of current local health perspectives and concerns, as well as the local frameworks for health provision in Piribebuy. I argue that the introduction of culturally competent healthcare services could greatly improve individual and community health statuses and outcomes in Lindo Manantial and other similar rural subsistence farming communities in Paraguay. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I must extend my sincere gratitude to Professor Elizabeth Finnis, my advisor throughout this research process and without whom this thesis would not have been possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Health in South America
    Health in South America 2012 Edition Health Situation, Policies and Systems Overview Health in South America 2012 Edition Health Situation, Policies and Systems Overview PAHO/WHO technical team that prepared the document: Principal authors and coordination: César Gattini and Patricia Ruiz. Contributors: Celia Riera, Elisabeth Duarte, Mariela Licha Salomón, Alejandro Gherardi, Fernando Llanos, Humberto Montiel, Rolando Ramírez, Félix Rígoli and Javier Uribe. Translation to English version: Catalina Palma (CONYCIT) Editorial review to English version: Daniela Gattini Health Information and Analysis Project (HSD/HA) Country Focus Support Office (CFS) Pan American Health Organization World Health Organization Washington DC, 2012 HEALTH IN SOUTH AMERICA, 2012 It is also published in Spanish: Salud en Sudamérica, edición de 2012: panorama de la situación de salud y de las políticas y sistemas de salud PAHO/WHO Headquarters Library - Cataloguing Pan American Health Organization Health in South America, 2012 Edition: Health Situation, Policies and Systems Overview Washington DC: 2012 ISBN: 978-92-75-31714-3 1. Health indicators 2. Health profile 3. Health inequities 4. Environmental health 5. Public policies 6. Health Systems and Services 7. South America The Pan American Health Organization will give consideration to requests for permission to reproduce or translate, in part or in full, any of its publications. Applications and inquiries should be addressed to Knowledge Management and Communication Area, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington, DC, United States of America ([email protected]). The Knowledge and Information Centre, Office of the PAHO / WHO Representation in Chile, Santiago, Chile, will provide information on any changes made to the text, plans for new editions, and reprints and translations already available.
    [Show full text]
  • PERONISM and ANTI-PERONISM: SOCIAL-CULTURAL BASES of POLITICAL IDENTITY in ARGENTINA PIERRE OSTIGUY University of California
    PERONISM AND ANTI-PERONISM: SOCIAL-CULTURAL BASES OF POLITICAL IDENTITY IN ARGENTINA PIERRE OSTIGUY University of California at Berkeley Department of Political Science 210 Barrows Hall Berkeley, CA 94720 [email protected] Paper presented at the LASA meeting, in Guadalajara, Mexico, on April 18, 1997 This paper is about political identity and the related issue of types of political appeals in the public arena. It thus deals with a central aspect of political behavior, regarding both voters' preferences and identification, and politicians' electoral strategies. Based on the case of Argentina, it shows the at times unsuspected but unmistakable impact of class-cultural, and more precisely, social-cultural differences on political identity and electoral behavior. Arguing that certain political identities are social-culturally based, this paper introduces a non-ideological, but socio-politically significant, axis of political polarization. As observed in the case of Peronism and anti-Peronism in Argentina, social stratification, particularly along an often- used compound, in surveys, of socio-economic status and education,1 is tightly associated with political behavior, but not so much in Left-Right political terms or even in issue terms (e.g. socio- economic platforms or policies), but rather in social-cultural terms, as seen through the modes and type of political appeals, and figuring centrally in certain already constituted political identities. Forms of political appeals may be mapped in terms of a two-dimensional political space, defined by the intersection of this social-cultural axis with the traditional Left-to-Right spectrum. Also, since already constituted political identities have their origins in the successful "hailing"2 of pluri-facetted people and groups, such a bi-dimensional space also maps political identities.
    [Show full text]
  • City Research Online
    Keeble, R. (1996). The Gulf War myth: a study of the press coverage of the 1991 Gulf conflict. (Unpublished Doctoral thesis, City University London) City Research Online Original citation: Keeble, R. (1996). The Gulf War myth: a study of the press coverage of the 1991 Gulf conflict. (Unpublished Doctoral thesis, City University London) Permanent City Research Online URL: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7932/ Copyright & reuse City University London has developed City Research Online so that its users may access the research outputs of City University London's staff. Copyright © and Moral Rights for this paper are retained by the individual author(s) and/ or other copyright holders. All material in City Research Online is checked for eligibility for copyright before being made available in the live archive. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to from other web pages. Versions of research The version in City Research Online may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check the Permanent City Research Online URL above for the status of the paper. Enquiries If you have any enquiries about any aspect of City Research Online, or if you wish to make contact with the author(s) of this paper, please email the team at [email protected]. The Gulf war myth A study of the press coverage of the 1991 Gulf conflict by Richard Keeble PhD in Journalism May 1996; Department of Journalism, City University, London CONTENTS Abstract ix Acknowledgements x Introduction xi-iii A.1 The war problematic xi
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction: the Great Unraveling: Argentina 1973-1991
    Introduction: The Great Unraveling: Argentina 1973-1991 In spite of its enormous advance which the Republic has made within the last ten years, the most cautious critic would not hesitate to aver that Argentina has but just entered upon the threshold of her greatness. Percy F. Martin, Through Five Republics of South America, 19051 The truth is that Argentina is bankrupt – economically, politically and socially. Its institutions are dysfunctional, its government disreputable, its social cohesion unstuck. Ricardo Caballero and Rudiger Dornbusch, Financial Times, March 8 20022 By the end of the nineteenth century, Argentina’s economic future looked indeed bright. On the eve of World War I, the Argentine capital Buenos Aires proudly displayed its affluence and modernity in its big administrative buildings, extensive parks and an underground railway. European fashion and consumer goods were in high demand and Buenos Aires even attracted a sizeable intellectual and scientific community.3 By all measures of the time, Argentina could be regarded a modern country. Yet, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, Argentina is seen as the “sick man of Latin America”.4 The economic and political crisis, which Argentina experienced in 2001 and 2002, was arguably the worst since the country’s independence. Over the course of two years, output fell by more than 15 percent, the Argentine peso lost three-quarters of its value, and registered unemployment exceeded 25 percent while more than half of the population of the erstwhile rich country lived below the poverty line.5 1 Percy F. Martin, Through five republics (of South America) : a critical description of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay and Venezuela in 1905 (New York, 1906).
    [Show full text]
  • Vulnerability and Contagion Risks... Fragile Vs. Anti-Fragile Countries
    Discussion Paper I CROSS ASSET Investment Strategy DP-40-2019 Emerging Markets: Vulnerability and contagion risks... Fragile vs. anti-fragile countries Document for the exclusive attention of professional clients, investment services providers and any other professional of the financial industry Emerging Markets: Vulnerability and contagion risks... Fragile vs. anti-fragile countries*/** PHILIPPE Abstract ITHURBIDE Global Head his article is aimed at analysing contagion of Research Twithin the emerging world in the past decades, and at presenting investment strategies with the collaboration of to limit negative effects of contagion and / or to MICKAËL benefit from it. BELLAÏCHE Senior Analyst, We first analyse nine very different cases of Global Research contagion (crises and sharp declines without crisis, with different triggers, with different contagion effects) which could be identified in the emerging world over the last 40 years: i) the Latin American debt crisis of the 1980’s, ii) the Mexican crisis of 1994, iii) the Asian Crisis of 1997, iv) the Russian Crisis of 1998, v) the Brazilian crisis of 1999, vi) the Argentine crisis of 1999-2001, vii) Fed tapering of QE in 2013, viii) the “boom and burst”crisis in Chinese stock markets in 2015-2016, and ix) restrictive trade and monetary policies in the United States in 2018. (*) A first version of this article has been prepared for an Amundi advisory board meeting (24 October 2018). The author wishes to thank all participants for their valuable comments. (**) This discussion paper is part of a pack of 3 articles on EM economies and EM markets. One of the three deals with the typology of EM economies (how to discriminate EM countries and EM markets), and another one deals with the hard and soft power of EM countries and with the question of leadership (US vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Paraguay Investment Guide 2019-2020 Summary
    PARAGUAY INVESTMENT GUIDE 2019-2020 SUMMARY Investments and Exports Network of paraguay - REDIEX EDUCATION AND HEALTH IN COUNTRY TRAITS LEGAL FRAMEWORK PARAGUAY 1.1. Socio-economic, political and 4.1. Tax Regime 7.1. Education Services geographical profile 4.2. Labor System 7.2. Professional and Occupational 1.2. Land and basic infrastructure 4.3. Occupational health and safety Training Av. Mcal. López 3333 esq. Dr. Weiss 1.3. Service Infrastructure policies of covid-19 7.3. Health Services Asunción - Villa Morra 1.4. Corporate structure 4.4. Immigration Laws 1 4 7 Paraguay. Page. 9 1.5. Contractual relations between Page. 101 4.5. Intellectual Property Page. 151 Tel.: +595 21 616 3028 +595 21 616 3006 foreign companies and their 4.6. Summary of procedures and [email protected] - www.rediex.gov.py representatives in Paraguay requirements to request the foreign 1.6. Economy investor’s certification via SUACE Edition and General Coordination 4.7. Environmental legislation Paraguay Brazil Chamber of Commerce REAL ESTATE MARKET MAJOR INVESTMENT SECTORS IMPORT AND EXPORT OF GOODS 8.1. Procedure for real estate purchase 8.2. Land acquisition by foreigners 2.1. General Information 5.1. Regulatory framework for interna- Av. Aviadores del Chaco 2050, Complejo World Trade Center Asunción, 2.2. Countries investing in Paraguay tional trade Torre 1, Piso 14 Asunción - Paraguay 2.3. Investment sectors 5.2. Customs 8 Page. 157 Tel.: +595 21 612 - 614 | +595 21 614 - 901 2.4. Investments 5.3. Customs broker [email protected] - www.ccpb.org.py 2 5 5.4.
    [Show full text]
  • Protagonista Opositor, Peronista Desplazado: La Confederación General Del Trabajo Durante El Gobierno De Raúl Alfonsín
    Protagonista opositor, peronista desplazado: la Confederación General del Trabajo durante el gobierno de Raúl Alfonsín MARÍA DOLORES ROCCA RIVAROLA* 7 Resumen Abstract En este artículo, la autora analiza la evolución The author analyzes in this article the paradoxical paradójica de la Confederación General del Trabajo evolution of the General Confederacy of Labor (CGT). Por un lado, su papel protagónico dentro de la (Confederación General del Trabajo) (CGT). On one oposición durante el gobierno de Raúl Alfonsín; por side, its leading role within the opposition during otro, como fuerza en incipiente proceso de debili- the government of Raúl Alfonsín: on the other as tamiento al interior del Partido Justicialista (PJ) en a force in an incipient weakening process at the el marco de la victoria de la fracción del “peronismo interior of the Partido justicialista (PJ) within the r e n o v a d o r ”. E l o b j e t i v o e s p e c í fi c o e s c o m p r e n d e rcó - frame of the victory of the fraction “peronismo mo fue posible esta paradoja y el objetivo general es renovador”(peronism renovated). The specific objec- el examen de un periodo (1983-1989) caracterizado tive is to understand how this paradox was possible por el establecimiento de las bases institucionales and the general objective is the study of a period de una posterior transformación sustantiva al inte- (1983-1989) characterized by the establishment of rior del PJ. the institutional basis of a later substantial trans- formation at the interior of the PJ.
    [Show full text]
  • Creating Rural Innovative Strategy for Sustainable Rural Development in Paraguay
    Establishment of 2014Algeria's Joint National Consulting Vision with 2030 IOs Chapter 1 Creating Rural Innovative Strategy for Sustainable Rural Development in Paraguay 1. Vision 2030 and Indicator Analysis 2. Algeria and the Global Economy 3. Current Issues Facing Algeria’s Economy 4.Vision Scenarios 5. Conclusions ? List of Abbreviations Abbreviation Full Description Departamento de Extensión Agrícola Ganadero (Paraguay) DEAG (Department of Agriculture and Livestock Extension) DEAg Directorate of Agricultural Extension (Paraguay) List of Abbreviations Dirección de Investigación y Extensión Agropecuaria y Forestal (Paraguay) DIEAF (Directorate of Research and Extension of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry) DIGEAF General Directorate of Administration and Finances (Paraguay) DIGELAB General Directorate of Laboratories (Paraguay) General Directorate of Quality and Safety of Products of Animal DIGECIPOA Origin (Paraguay) DIGESETEC General Directorate of Technical Services (Paraguay) Presidency, General Directorate of Animal Health, Identity and DIGESIT Traceability (Paraguay) Dirección de Investigación y Producción Animal (Paraguay) DIPA List of Abbreviations (Directorate of Livestock Research and Production) DW Date Warehouse Abbreviation Full Description EDI Electronic Data Interchange AgriX Agricultural Integrated Information eXcellent System (Korea) EGDI E-Government Development Index ALAT Local Agencies Technical Assistance (Paraguay) FIA Farmland Improvement Association AIIS Automated Import Information System FTA Free Trade Agreements
    [Show full text]