DOCSLIB.ORG

(Iris Aurantica) in Syria

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(Iris Aurantica) in Syria Review Article Curr Trends Biomedical Eng & Biosci Volume 1 Issue 5 - February 2017 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Jean-Marie Exbrayat Wild Golden Iris (Iris aurantica) in Syria Khalil AL Maarri*, Thuraya Abou zedan and Nabil AL Batal Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus University, Syria Submission: February 14, 2017; Published: February 27, 2017 *Corresponding author: Khalil AL Maarri, Damascus University, Faculty of Agriculture, Damascus, Syria, Email: Abstract Iris aurantica is a rhizomatous perennial, from the south mountain of Syria (JabalAl Drouze), it has a compact rhizomein vitro and propagation falcate leaves. and conservation,It has a slender and stem cryopreservation with flowers golden of Iris yellowaurantica to coppery-brown. The golden iris in Syria is becoming rare due to destruction of their natural habit. In this paper, plant classification, botanical description, morphological, geographical, chemical composition, Keywords: are investigated. Abbreviations:Morphological; Botanical description; Micro propagation; Conservation; Chemical composition MS: Murashige and Skoog; HF-MS: Hormon Free Murashige and Skoog; PVS2: Plant Vitrification Solution 2; LN: Liquid Nitrogen Introduction urbanization, migration, determental climatic and environmental changes, adding the huge destruction of plant biodiversity by the endemic species, some of which belong to genus Lilium, Crocus, Syrian flora has 3247 species [1]. There are many of hard war since 5 years [6]. Tulips and Iris. Iris is the largest and most complicated genus morphological, geographical, chemical composition, genetic of iridaceae, which includes over 300 species [2]. This includes In this paper, Plant classification, botanical description, variability, in vitro propagation and conservation, and some of the world most popular and varied garden flowers that cryopreservation of Iris aurantica are originatedIris in bothis considered Japan and as the a Mediterraneanwild perennial [3].herbaceous were investigated. In Syria, Scientific Classification plant that subjected to strict protection, though Iris grows Iris aurantica L is one of the important species that belongs naturally in many regions of Syria. It presents some 30 species to the family Iridaceae, endemic to Jabal Al `Arab, rhizomatous Apogon, Pogonias, Xiphion, Guno and oncocyclus which includes grown in Syria [1]. There are five subgenus found in the world. most of the Syrian species, that are considered as rare endemic plants, characterized by special, beautiful forms that have a great (with thick, creeping underground stems) [7]. importance in applied studies for genetic biodiversity, such as A. Kingdom: Plantae. Asparagales Iris aurantiaca B. Unranked: Angiosperm, Monocots. Order irideae. Iris aurantica Dinsm. C. Family: Iridaceae. Subfamily: Iridoideae, Tribe: Iris. , of Syria was first discovered by Dinsmor aurantica. on the Tell Quleib in Syria. Mouterde found it in several other D. Genus: Iris, Subgenus: Oncocyclus. Species: places in Djebel Druze, Tell Qouleib, Kafer, Tell Jaffna, Mayamas, Description of Iris aurantica Sahwet-El-Khodr [1] and Distribution in the Djebel Druze at Iris aurantica is a perennial plant, growing from compact about 1600m [4]. Dr. Werkmeister, Professor of Botany at the Botanical Institute, Geisenheim am Rhein, Germany which had the opportunity to collecting the golden Iris in 1961,and cultured rhizome that reaches up to 10-14 cm long. Rhizome develops it in his garden. The golden Iris flowered in Europe in June one from axillary buds, it allows new shoots to grow upwards. The golden iris rhizomes planted underground about 5-10cm in month later than in their natural habit in Syria [5]. proteins, starches and lipids, these nutrients become useful for destruction of their natural habit, as well as over harvesting rocky soils (Figure 1). It uses rhizomes to store nutrients like Iris plants in Syria are becoming rare due to both ongoing the plant when new shoots will be formed in early spring. of wild species and the influencing of modernization, i.e., Curr Trends Biomedical Eng & Biosci 1(5): CTBEB.MS.ID.555573 (2017) 00111 Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering & Biosciences golden yellow to coppery-brown, 8-9cm long, 5-5.5 wide, with 4cm wide, abovate, with minute purplish red spots and very fine purple veins. The falls are oblong-shaped, 7cm long, and fine reddish veins. It has golden yellow with fine purple. Style branches (stigma) keeled, and have lobes tips that are a similar color like falls (Figure 3). After the iris has flowered, it produces a seed capsule, 8cm long, rather narrow. The golden iris flowered in Europe in June, a whole month later than in their habitat in Syria. The unexpectedly cold European weather in the spring of 1962 had nearly everywhere Figure 1: Rhizome of iris aurantica. in Europe killed the flowers on the iris species. The only exception and a unique consolation, was the plants of Iris aurantica from GoldenSyria, which Iris gave Propagation us much joy with their flowers [5]. Iris species is usually accomplished vegetatively through bulbs or splitting of rhizomes (rhizomatous The propagation of Iris Iris, splitting the rhizomes gives a ). In rhizomatous the propagation of Iris maximum of 10 plants per year per rhizome [8]. Furthermore, species through seedlings is known to be difficult due to a poor fruit set and a very low germination rate. propagation and conservation of plants, especially for those that Plant tissue culture is a powerful alternative technique for are rare and difficult to propagate by conventional methods. Figure 2: Leaves and roots of iris aurantica. Therefore, a new trend has evolved to propagate these species deterioration and to study the possibility of using them as a through tissue culture techniquein order to preserve it from Iris aurantica has green falcate leaves, they can grow up to medicalMicro or propagation ornamental plant.is the aseptic culture of cells, pieces of 15-25cm long and between 1-1.5cm wide (Figure 2). Leaves can small pieces of plant tissue identical to the plant from which it sheath up to haft of the stem after the iris has bloomed. At the tissue, or organs. It is possible to regenerate new plants from summer sun with dry conditions, leaves fade and die. Golden Iris has a slender stem, which can grow up to 30-50cm tall. The was derived. stages: stems hold terminal flowers (top of stem), blooming during May The process of micro propagation can be divided into four and Jun, they can flower for up of month long [4]. A. Initiation stage: The objective of this stage is to achieve an aseptic culture. An aseptic culture is one without of rhizomes in Iris aurantica (after surface disinfection by contaminating bacteria or fungi. Base of leaves and shoot tips chlorox 3%) were cultured on solidified MS medium containing 30g/l sucrose, and supplemented with 2mg/lBAP and 0.2mg/ month of culture, that using shoot tips of rhizomes resulted in lIBA (Abouzedan and Al-Batal 2015). Results showed, after one the highestB. Multiplication growth percentage stage: (35.76%) A growing in initial ex plantstage [9].can be Figure 3: Iris aurantica flower parts. Iris aurantica, the highest induced to produce vegetative shoots by including a cytokinin Golden Iris has a slender stem, which can grow up to 30- in the medium and different media. In average number of shoots per ex plant was found (3.43) under 50cm tall. The stems hold terminal flowers (top of stem), resulted in the highest multiplication rate and shoot length with blooming during May and Jun, they can flower for up of month BAP at a concentration of 3.0mg/l (Figure 4), and MS media long [4]. The flowers like other irises, it has two pairs of petals, of the plantlets on the same medium resulted in increasing significant difference compared with Heller media, Subculture three large sepals, known as the falls and three inner smaller multiplication rate and shoot length in Iris aurantica petals or sepals, known as the standards. The standards are [9] the How to cite this article: Khalil AL M, Thuraya A z, Nabil AL B. Wild Golden Iris (Iris aurantica) in Syria. Curr Trends Biomedical Eng & Biosci. 2017; 1(5): 00112 555573. Current Trends in Biomedical Engineering & Biosciences acclimatization in vivo was achieved easily with high percentage treatment of high concentrations of cytokinins (5 and 10mg/ tissue-cultured plants are extremely susceptible to wilting. The iris aurantica lBAP) consist of appearance of vitrification. later, plantlets were cultured in greenhouse and the average of success (86.95%) in (Figure 6). Two months, length of shoots were 23. 25 cm [10]. Figure 4: Multiplication stage in Iris aurantica. Figure 6: Acclimatization stage. A: plantlet after one week, B: plantlet after 2 months, C: plantlets Growing shoots can be induced C. Rooting stage: in greenhouse. to produce adventitious roots by including an auxin in the In iris aurantica In Vitro Conservation medium. , the highest root percentage (88.5%) was obtained on medium containing 3mg/lIBA (Figure 5). conservation plants material for periods ranging from 6 months Conservation is a very simple in vitro technique that permits The highest root number (4.25) was recorded when using the concentration 0.5mg/lIBA [9] (Table 1). on reducing the growth rates of the tissue cultured plant and to 5-7 years, depending on species [11]. This technique is based was conducted, to develop an in vitro yet increasing the intervals between subcultures [12]. Research conservation and relieve of growth and increase the period technique for short-term of time between transfers of Iris aurantica agents for in vitro conservation was sucrose compared with , The best osmotic iris aurantica (mannitol and sorbitol) and the best medium concentration was 1/10 MS [10] in the cultured stored at (3 ˚C) gave the highest survival (93.33%) and lengthening the time to regulate expression of many genes that are responsible period between transfers up to 6 months [10].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Invasive Weeds of the Appalachian Region
    $10 $10 PB1785 PB1785 Invasive Weeds Invasive Weeds of the of the Appalachian Appalachian Region Region i TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments……………………………………...i How to use this guide…………………………………ii IPM decision aid………………………………………..1 Invasive weeds Grasses …………………………………………..5 Broadleaves…………………………………….18 Vines………………………………………………35 Shrubs/trees……………………………………48 Parasitic plants………………………………..70 Herbicide chart………………………………………….72 Bibliography……………………………………………..73 Index………………………………………………………..76 AUTHORS Rebecca M. Koepke-Hill, Extension Assistant, The University of Tennessee Gregory R. Armel, Assistant Professor, Extension Specialist for Invasive Weeds, The University of Tennessee Robert J. Richardson, Assistant Professor and Extension Weed Specialist, North Caro- lina State University G. Neil Rhodes, Jr., Professor and Extension Weed Specialist, The University of Ten- nessee ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank all the individuals and organizations who have contributed their time, advice, financial support, and photos to the crea- tion of this guide. We would like to specifically thank the USDA, CSREES, and The Southern Region IPM Center for their extensive support of this pro- ject. COVER PHOTO CREDITS ii 1. Wavyleaf basketgrass - Geoffery Mason 2. Bamboo - Shawn Askew 3. Giant hogweed - Antonio DiTommaso 4. Japanese barberry - Leslie Merhoff 5. Mimosa - Becky Koepke-Hill 6. Periwinkle - Dan Tenaglia 7. Porcelainberry - Randy Prostak 8. Cogongrass - James Miller 9. Kudzu - Shawn Askew Photo credit note: Numbers in parenthesis following photo captions refer to the num- bered photographer list on the back cover. HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE Tabs: Blank tabs can be found at the top of each page. These can be custom- ized with pen or marker to best suit your method of organization. Examples: Infestation present On bordering land No concern Uncontrolled Treatment initiated Controlled Large infestation Medium infestation Small infestation Control Methods: Each mechanical control method is represented by an icon.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation on the Seeds of Iris Spuria L. Subsp
    Turkish J. Pharm. Sci. 2 (3), 125-136, 2005 INVESTIGATION ON THE SEEDS OF IRIS SPURIA L. SUBSP. MUSULMANICA (FOMIN) TAKHT. (IRIDACEAE). Ayşegül GÜVENÇ1*, Semra KURUCU2, Mehmet KOYUNCU1, Okan ARIHAN3, Ceyda Sibel ERDURAK1 1 Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, 06100 Tandoğan Ankara, TURKEY 2 Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 06100 Tandoğan Ankara, TURKEY 3 Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Arts and Sicience, Department of Biology, Van, TURKEY Abstract 40 species and 49 taxa of the genus Iris are growing naturally in Turkey (1-3). I. spuria L. subsp. musulmanica (Fomin) Takht., is one of the the 10 species of Limniris section and grows wildly in Eastern Anatolia. Plant material was collected from Van-Erciş road. Besides the morphological and anatomical investigation; oil content and methyl esters of fatty acids of the seed oils were examined in this study for the first time. Fatty Acid methyl esters were prepared according to the method of Metcalfe et al. (13) from the oil obtained by the Soxhelet apparatus with n-hexane. Analysis of the methyl esters have been carried out with GC-MS. Myristic Acid, Palmitic Acid, Linoleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Stearic Acid, Oleic and Arachidic Acid were determined as the main fatty acids in the oil. Seeds were rich in Linoleic (40 %) and Oleic Acid (30 %). Key words: Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica, seed, morphology, anatomy, seed oil, fatty acid. Iris spuria L. subsp. musulmanica (Fomin) Takht. (Iridaceae) Tohumları Üzerinde Çalışmalar Ülkemizde Iris cinsine ait 40 tür ve 49 taksa doğal olarak yetişmektedir (1-3). Limniris seksiyonunda yer alan on türden birisi olan Irıs spurıa L.
    [Show full text]
  • 100 Cold Hardy Trees, Perennials, and Shrubs for Kittitas County
    100 Cold Hardy Trees, Perennials, and Shrubs for Kittitas County Prepared By Hilary Foss, Master Gardener Coordinator Patrice Andersen, Master Gardener Mary Vathauer, Master Gardener 100 Cold Hardy Trees, Perennials, and Shrubs for Kittitas County Gardeners in Kittitas County face unique challenges. Cold winters and hot, dry summers, and lots of wind create a tough gardening climate. Additionally, our county contains a wide range of eco-systems, with varying soils, soil pH, rainfall, and plant communities. At higher elevations such as Cle Elum (1,930 feet), the average growing season is 90 to 120 days with last frosts in late May (approximately May 24 th ) and first frosts in the middle of September (approximately September 11th ). Cle Elum receives about 22” of rain on average. At lower elevations such as Ellensburg, conditions are much drier and frost-free days are longer. The average growing season in Ellensburg is about 120 days with last frosts in early May (May 11 th ) and first frosts around the end of September (approximately September 25 th ). Kittitas County is rated at USDA Zone 5 (-20 °F. minimum). Our tough climate with varying conditions can be baffling to first time gardeners, who are new to the area. A frequent question at our Master Gardener plant diagnostic clinic is “What can I grow here in Kittitas County?” This brochure is designed to help answer that question, listing trees, shrubs, and perennials that are suitable for this area. Table of Contents 10 Hardy Shade Trees .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................2-3
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Perennials This Fall to Enjoy Throughout the Year Conditions Are Perfect for Planting Perenni - Esque Perennials Like Foxglove, Delphinium, Next
    Locally owned since 1958! Volume 26 , No. 3 News, Advice & Special Offers for Bay Area Gardeners FALL 2013 Ligularia Cotinus Bush Dahlias Black Leafed Dahlias Helenium Euphorbia Coreopsis Plant perennials this fall to enjoy throughout the year Conditions are perfect for planting perenni - esque perennials like Foxglove, Delphinium, next. Many perennials are deer resistant (see als in fall, since the soil is still warm from the Dianthus, Clivia, Echium and Columbine steal our list on page 7) and some, over time, summer sun and the winter rains are just the show. In the summertime, Blue-eyed need to be divided (which is nifty because around the corner. In our mild climate, Grass, Lavender, Penstemon, Marguerite and you’ll end up with more plants than you delightful perennials can thrive and bloom Shasta Daisies, Fuchsia, Begonia, Pelargonium started with). throughout the gardening year. and Salvia shout bold summer color across the garden. Whatever your perennial plans, visit Sloat Fall is when Aster, Anemone, Lantana, Garden Center this fall to get your fall, win - Gaillardia, Echinacea and Rudbeckia are hap - Perennials are herbaceous or evergreen ter, spring or summer perennial garden start - pily flowering away. Then winter brings magi - plants that live more than two years. Some ed. We carry a perennial plant, for every one, cal Hellebores, Cyclamen, Primrose and die to the ground at the end of each grow - in every season. See you in the stores! Euphorbia. Once spring rolls around, fairy- ing season, then re-appear at the start of the Inside: 18 favorite Perennials, new Amaryllis, Deer resistant plants, fall clean up and Bromeliads Visit our stores: Nine Locations in San Francisco, Marin and Contra Costa Richmond District Marina District San Rafael Kentfield Garden Design Department 3rd Avenue between 3237 Pierce Street 1580 Lincoln Ave.
    [Show full text]
  • Athyrium Niponicum 'Pictum'
    A Horticulture Information article from the Wisconsin Master Gardener website, posted 30 Jan 2004 Athyrium niponicum ‘Pictum’ The Perennial Plant Association has named Athyrium niponicum ‘Pictum’ the 2004 Perennial Plant of the Year. This perennial low-maintenance Japanese painted fern is one of the showiest ferns for shade gardens. It is popular due to its hardiness nearly everywhere in the United States, except in the desert and northernmost areas in zone 3. ‘Pictum’ grows 18 inches tall and as it multiplies can make a clump that is more than two feet wide. ‘Pictum’ produces 12- to 18-inch fronds that are a soft shade of metallic silver-gray with hints of red and blue. This lovely fern, which prefers partial to full shade, makes an outstanding combination plant for adding color, texture, and habit to landscape beds and containers. Landscape Uses The magnifi cent texture and color of the fronds electrify shady areas of the garden and make the fern a wonderful companion for a variety of shade plants. Japanese painted fern provides a nice contrast to other shade-loving perennials such as hosta, bleeding heart, columbine, Fronds of Athyrium niponicum ‘Pictum’ astilbe and coral bells. A popular combination is Japanese painted fern with Hosta ‘Patriot’ and ‘Ginko Craig’. For something different, try Hosta sieboldiana ‘Elegans’. Another friendly companion plant for the Japanese painted fern is Tiarella (foam fl ower). One of the most unique possibilities is to use this fern with sedges. Carex (sedges) are shade-loving, easy-to-grow grasslike plants. Try Carex morrowii ‘Variegata’ or Carex siderosticha ‘Silver Sceptre’.
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns in Evolution in Characters That Define Iris Subgenera And
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 34 2006 Patterns in Evolution in Characters That Define rI is Subgenera and Sections Carol A. Wilson Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Wilson, Carol A. (2006) "Patterns in Evolution in Characters That Define rI is Subgenera and Sections," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 34. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/34 Aliso 22, pp. 425-433 © 2006, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION IN CHARACTERS THAT DEFINE IRIS SUBGENERA AND SECTIONS CAROL A. WILSON Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711-3157, USA (carol. wilson@ cgu. edu) ABSTRACT Subgeneric groups have been circumscribed in Iris based on a small number of morphological characters. Recent DNA sequence data has indicated that several of the subgenera, sections, and series that have previously been delineated are paraphyletic or polyphyletic. The evolution of characters that have traditionally been used to distinguish sub generic and sectional groups within Iris was investigated by mapping these characters on a phylogenetic tree based on matK sequence data. Results indicate that rhizomes are pleisomorphic for the genus and that three bulb types have arisen independently. My analysis shows that sepal beards, sepal crests, and seed arils show extensive homoplasy. Most of the homoplasy seen is associated with the circumscription of polyphyletic subgeneric groups such as the beardless subgenus Limniris. Some additional homoplasy is due to diversity within supported clades or the historical use of a single character in circumscribing more than one subgeneric group.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol. 49 Valencia, X-2011 FLORA MONTIBERICA
    FLORA MONTIBERICA Publicación periódica especializada en trabajos sobre la flora del Sistema Ibérico Vol. 49 Valencia, X-2011 FLORA MONTIBERICA Publicación independiente sobre temas relacionados con la flora y la vegetación (plantas vasculares) de la Península Ibérica, especialmente de la Cordillera Ibérica y tierras vecinas. Fundada en diciembre de 1995, se publican tres volúmenes al año con una periodicidad cuatrimestral. Editor y Redactor general: Gonzalo Mateo Sanz. Jardín Botánico. Universidad de Valencia. C/ Quart, 80. E-46008 Valencia. Redactores adjuntos: Javier Fabado Alós. Redactor página web y editor adjunto: José Luis Benito Alonso. Edición en Internet: www.floramontiberica.org Flora Montiberica.org es la primera revista de botánica en español que ofrece de forma gratuita todos sus contenidos a través de la red. Consejo editorial: Antoni Aguilella Palasí (Universidad de Valencia) Juan A. Alejandre Sáenz (Herbarium Alejandre, Vitoria) Vicente J. Arán Redó (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid) Manuel Benito Crespo Villalba (Universidad de Alicante) José María de Jaime Lorén (Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, Moncada) Emilio Laguna Lumbreras ((Departamento de Medio Ambiente. Gobierno de la Comunidad Valenciana) Pedro Montserrat Recoder (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Jaca). Edita: Flora Montiberica. Valencia (España). ISSN: 1138-5952 – ISSN edición internet: 1988-799X. Depósito Legal: V-5097-1995. Portada: Ophioglossum azoricum C. Presl, procedente de Sotorribas (Cuenca). Véase pág. 36 de este número. Flora Montiberica 49: 3-5 (X-2011). ISSN 1988-799X NUEVA LOCALIDAD VALENCIANA DE PUCCINELLIA HISPANICA JULIÀ & J. M. MONTSERRAT (POACEAE) P. Pablo FERRER GALLEGO1 & Roberto ROSELLÓ GIMENO2 1Servicio de Biodiversidad, Centro para la Investigación y la Experimentación Forestal de la Generalitat Valenciana (CIEF).
    [Show full text]
  • Iris Pallida This Species Iris, Also Know As Zebra Iris, Sweet Iris, Or Dalmatian Iris, Is a Very Old Garden Plant
    A Horticulture Information article from the Wisconsin Master Gardener website, posted 21 May 2007 Iris pallida This species iris, also know as Zebra Iris, Sweet Iris, or Dalmatian Iris, is a very old garden plant. Native to rocky areas of northern Italy and the Eastern Mediterranean (including Dalmatia, a province of Croatia, hence one of the common names), it was one of the primary species used in the development of the tall bearded iris. Its dried root (along with other species of Iris) is a source of orris root powder that was used medicinally or for its supposed magical and alchemical properties in medieval times, as well as a per- fume and potpourri fi xative for many centuries. It may take several years of drying for the root to fully develop its fragrance. Orris oil, derived from the fresh root, is used as a fl avoring Iris pallida ‘Aurea-variegata’ in bud in soft drinks, candies and chewing gum. The low clumps of sword-like leaves remain nearly evergreen in mild winter climates, but in Iris pallida ‘Argentea Variegata’ at cold areas the plant dies back to the ground like RHS Garden Wisley in England. other irises do. The thick foliage of the cultivars commonly offered as garden plants has elegant vertical stripes of blue-green and either silvery-white (‘Alba-vareigata’ or ‘Argentea Variegata’) or creamy yel- low to pale gold (“Aurea-variegata’ or ‘Variegata’), depending on the cultivar. The Iris pallida foliage. foliage of the species is not quite as attractive, being a solid bluish-green. The cultivars are grown primarily for their attractive striped leaves, although they do produce pretty lav- ender-blue fl owers with small yellow beards in early summer on 3 foot tall scapes.
    [Show full text]
  • Iris Sibirica and Others Iris Albicans Known As Cemetery
    Iris Sibirica and others Iris Albicans Known as Cemetery Iris as is planted on Muslim cemeteries. Two different species use this name; the commoner is just a white form of Iris germanica, widespread in the Mediterranean. This is widely available in the horticultural trade under the name of albicans, but it is not true to name. True Iris albicans which we are offering here occurs only in Arabia and Yemen. It is some 60cm tall, with greyish leaves and one to three, strongly and sweetly scented, 9cm flowers. The petals are pure, bone- white. The bracts are pale green. (The commoner interloper is found across the Mediterranean basin and is not entitled to the name, which continues in use however. The wrongly named albicans, has brown, papery bracts, and off-white flowers). Our stock was first found near Sana’a, Yemen and is thriving here, outside, in a sunny, raised bed. Iris Sibirica and others Iris chrysographes Black Form Clumps of narrow, iris-like foliage. Tall sprays of darkest violet to almost black velvety flowers, Jun-Sept. Ht 40cm. Moist, well drained soil. Part shade. Deepest Purple which is virtually indistinguishable from black. Moist soil. Ht. 50cm Iris chrysographes Dykes (William Rickatson Dykes, 1911, China); Section Limniris, Series Sibericae; 14-18" (35-45 cm), B7D; Flowers dark reddish violet with gold streaks in the signal area giving it its name (golden writing); Collected by E. H. Wilson in 1908, in China; The Gardeners' Chronicle 49: 362. 1911. The Curtis's Botanical Magazine. tab. 8433 in 1912, gives the following information along with the color illustration.
    [Show full text]
  • Rosalie Figge’S Garden in Towson, Maryland for the First Time Probably Have the Same Initial Reaction
    Canadian Iris Society cis newsletter Winter 2009 Volume 53 Issue 1 Canadian Iris Society Board of Directors Officers for 2009 President Ed Jowett, 1960 Sideroad 15, RR#2 Tottenham, ON L0G 1W0 2008-2010 & Editor email: [email protected] 1st V P John Moons, 34 Langford Rd., RR#1 Brantford ON N3T 5L4 2008-2010 ph: 519-752-9756 2nd V P Harold Crawford, 81 Marksam Road, Guelph, ON N1H 6T1 (Honorary) ph: 519-822-5886 e-mail: [email protected] Secretary Ann Granatier, 3674 Indian Trail, RR#8 Brantford ON N3T 5M1 2007-2009 ph: 519-647-9746 email: [email protected] Treasurer Bob Granatier, 3674 Indian Trail, RR#8 Brantford ON N3T 5M1 2007-2009 ph: 519-647-9746 email: [email protected] Membership Chris Hollinshead, 3070 Windwood Dr, Mississauga, ON L5N 2K3 2007-2009 & Webmaster ph: 905 567-8545 e-mail: [email protected] Directors at Large Director Gloria McMillen, RR#1 Norwich, ON N0J 1P0 2008-2010 ph: 519 468-3279 email: [email protected] attn: Gloria Director Eleanor Hutchison, Box 13 Group 55, RR#1, St. Anne, MB R5H 1R1 2009-2011 email: [email protected] Hon. Director Dr. Leslie Laking, 4151 Kilmer Rd. Apt 409 Burlington, ON L7M 5A9 ph: 905-315-2595 Hon. Director David Schmidt, 18 Fleming Ave., Dundas, ON L9H 5Z4 Hon. Director Verna Laurin, 3 Golflink Dr Unit 216 Aurora ON, L4G 6J1 Canadian Iris Society Newsletter Table of Contents President’s Message 2 New & Newsworthy 4 Garden Diggings – Winter 2009 7 Terra Greenhouses 8 Rosalie’s Secret Garden 10 The Genus Iris 15 AIS Region 16 Winter Report 17 Featured Irises 18 CIS Board Meeting Minutes – November 20 History - 30 Years Ago 22 Musings from Manitoba 24 CIS Board Meeting Minutes – January 26 Growers’ Corner (climate challenge) 28 Join the AIS 28 Walker Ross Award 29 Open Gardens 30 Around the World 33 CIS Dates to Remember 35 CIS Website 35 Canadian Sources for Irises 36 Liaisons and Regions 37 Canadian Iris Society Newsletter 1 President’s Message by Ed Jowett hope everyone had a good holiday season.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This PDF File
    Bothalia 41,1: 1–40 (2011) Systematics and biology of the African genus Ferraria (Iridaceae: Irideae) P . GOLDBLATT* and J .C . MANNING** Keywords: Ferraria Burm . ex Mill ., floral biology, Iridaceae, new species, taxonomy, tropical Africa, winter rainfall southern Africa ABSTRACT Following field and herbarium investigation of the subequatorial African and mainly western southern African Ferraria Burm . ex Mill . (Iridaceae: Iridoideae), a genus of cormous geophytes, we recognize 18 species, eight more than were included in the 1979 account of the genus by M .P . de Vos . One of these, F. ovata, based on Moraea ovata Thunb . (1800), was only discovered to be a species of Ferraria in 2001, and three more are the result of our different view of De Vos’s taxonomy . In tropical Africa, F. glutinosa is recircumscribed to include only mid- to late summer-flowering plants, usually with a single basal leaf and with purple to brown flowers often marked with yellow . A second summer-flowering species,F. candelabrum, includes taller plants with several basal leaves . Spring and early summer-flowering plants lacking foliage leaves and with yellow flowers from central Africa are referred toF. spithamea or F. welwitschii respectively . The remaining species are restricted to western southern Africa, an area of winter rainfall and summer drought . We rec- ognize three new species: F. flavaand F. ornata from the sandveld of coastal Namaqualand, and F. parva, which has among the smallest flowers in the genus and is restricted to the Western Cape coastal plain between Ganzekraal and Langrietvlei near Hopefield . Ferraria ornata blooms in May and June in response to the first rains of the season .
    [Show full text]
  • 229679 to 229735—Continued 229693
    JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 1955 283 229679 to 229735—Continued 229693. FESTUCA VALESIACA Schleich. ex Gaud. Col. No. 15445. Northeast base of Kuhe Sahand, Azerbaijan. Elevation 10 000 feet. Tall fescue, forming clumps on moist slope. ' 229694. HORDEUM sp. Poaceae. Barley. Col. No. 15318. Eleven miles east of Sanandaj, Kurdistan. Elevation 8 500 feet. Plants to 3 feet high. 229695. HORDEUM sp. Col. No. 15410. Twenty-three miles east of Maragheh, Azerbaijan. Elevation 7,500 feet. Plant low, stooling. 229696. IRIS SPURIA L. Iridaceae. Col. No. 15618. Near Kuhe Rang, Chaharmahal Elevation 8,000 feet. Grow* ing in moist locations. 229697. KOELERIA CRISTATA (L.) Pers. Poaceae. Col. No. 15478. East base of Kuhe Sahand, Azerbaijan. Elevation 10,000 feet. Short leaved, sod-forming perennial. 229698 and 229699. LACTUCA SATIVA L. Cichoriaceae. Lettuce. 229698. Col. No. 15737. 'Kaho'. Market Kalow, Caspian shore. 229699. Col. No. 15763. Market Sari, Caspian plain. 229700. LATHYRUS INCONSPICUUS L. Fabaceae. Pea vine. Col. No. 15278. Five miles north of Kermanshah. Elevation 6,000 feet. Winter and spring annual. 229701. LATHYRUS sp. Col. No. 15494. Fourteen miles southwest of Ardabil, Azerbaijan. Elevation 6,500 feet. Hydrophytic herb. 229702 and 229703. LOLIUM PERENNE L. Poaceae. Ryegrass. 229702. Col. No. 15216. Dastana, south of Shahr-Kord. Elevation 6,800 feet. Sod-forming perennial; well liked by animals. 229703. Col. No. 15490. Thirteen miles southwest of Ardabil, Azerbaijan. Perennial growing along ditch. 229704. ORYZA SATIVA L. Poaceae. Rice. Col. No. 15753. Babol, Caspian plain. 229705. ORYZOPSIS HOLCIFORMIS (M. Bieb.) Hack. Poaceae. Ricegrass. Col. No. 14962. Twenty miles south of Dehbid along road to Shiraz.
    [Show full text]