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Genesi Pegasos II Debian Linux by Maurie Ommerman CPD Applications Freescale Semiconductor, Inc
Freescale Semiconductor AN2739 Application Note Rev. 1, 03/2005 Genesi Pegasos II Debian Linux by Maurie Ommerman CPD Applications Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Austin, TX This application note is the fourth in a series describing the Genesi Contents Pegasos II system, which contains a PowerPC™ microprocessor, 1. Introduction . 1 and the various applications of the system. 2. Terminology . 2 3. Starting Debian Linux . 2 4. Logging in as a Normal User . 6 5. Window Managers . 14 1 Introduction 6. Other User Applications . 19 7. Root User . 20 This application note describes the Debian Linux Operating 8. References . 43 System and many of the commands. Linux has a variety of ways 9. Document Revision History . 43 to accomplish most tasks. This document will show only one way to perform the actions described here. There are other ways. Also, there is usually a GUI way to accomplish most tasks, however, this paper presents command line methods for most tasks. GUI are nice, but they hide what is really happening. When the network is set up with a GUI, how the files are actually affected is not seen, but using the line commands allows feedback on exactly what is happening. This is not a complete guide to Debian Linux, but is a collection of useful things to help both the experienced and novice become quickly adept at using Debian Linux. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., 2005. All rights reserved. Terminology 2 Terminology The following terms are used in this document. CUPS Common Unix Printing System Architecture Debian One of the versions of Linux IDE A type of hard drive, which allows up to 2 drives on each channel Linux OS Linux operating system SCSI A type of hard drive, which allows up to 8 drives on each channel Shell A software construct to allow separate users and jobs within the same user to have a separate environment to avoid interfering with each other USB Universal serial bus Yellow Dog One of the versions of Linux 3 Starting Debian Linux Use the boot option 2 for the 2.4 kernel and option 3 for the 2.6 kernel, option 4 for the 2.6.8 kernel. -
Amiga NG Nr 0
Amiga.org.pl komputer Amiga współcześnie Spis treści AMIGA legenda informatyki 2 Retro 4 Emulacja 6 Współczesna Amiga nowej generacji 11 MorphOS 17 AROS 24 Amiga dzisiaj Zainteresowanie komputerem Amiga jest nieprzemijające. Niezależnie od tych, którzy mają Amigę “od zawsze”, biegnie współcześnie jej nieprzerwany rozwój, i to wielotorowo. Oprócz tego możemy cieszyć się różnymi hobbystycznymi rozwinięciami, pozwalającymi w sposób bardziej wygodny korzystać z rozrywki w formie retro. Amiga dzisiaj to “amigowanie”, wielka różnorodność i wiele smaków 1 Amiga retro AMIGA legenda informatyki AMIGA - pierwszy na świecie komputer multimedialny. Premiera w 1985 r. Wcześniej były inne innowacyjne konstrukcje (np. firmy Xerox czy Lisa firmy Apple) ale to Amiga wnosiła fenomenalną na ówczesne czasy grafikę, animację i dźwięk. Architektura komputera to specjalizowane układy odciążające procesor. artyści Andy Warhole i Debby Harry przy pierwszej Amidze Rewelacją był też wielozadaniowy system operacyjny. Prasa branżowa potraktowała wtedy Amigę jako zabawkę, nie wiadomo było co z tym robić. Ten pierwszy model nazywał się po prostu Amiga, potem nazywano go Amiga 1000. Projekt wraz z zespołem który go stworzył, z genialnym Jayem Minerem na czele, trafił pod skrzydła CBM (Commodore Business Machines), giganta w tamtym okresie jeśli chodzi o produkcję komputerów na świecie. Kolejne modele pojawiły się 2 lata później – dopiero one odniosły sukces. Amiga 2000 i Amiga 500, oparte na podobnych podzespołach, okienkowy graficzny interfejs – Workbench jednocześnie rozdzieliły pierwotną koncepcję na dwie linie komputerów – “duże” i “małe” Amigi. 2 Amiga retro “Duże” Amigi przypominały PC, były to desktopy, umożliwiające rozbudowę za pomocą kart rozszerzeń. Za sprawą rozszerzenia Video Toaster stały się na jakiś czas standardem w edycji wideo. -
Happy Birthday Linux
25 Jahre Linux! Am Anfang war der Quellcode Entstehungsgeschichte und Werdegang von Linux Entwicklung und Diversifizierung der Distributionen Der Wert von Linux oder: „Wat nix kost, dat is och nix.“ Andreas Klein ORR 2016 1 Am Anfang war der Quellcode (70er) ● 1969, Ken Thompson u. Dennis Ritchie erstellen die erste Version von Unix in Assembler. ● Von 1969-1971 entwickeln sie gemeinsam die Programmiersprache B. ● Ab 1971 erweiterte in erster Linie Dennis Ritchie B, um weitere Elemente und nannte sie Anfangs NB (new B). ● 1973 waren die Erweiterungen soweit gediehen, das er die stark verbesserte Sprache C nannte (Brian W. Kernighan hat ebenfalls maßgeblich dazu beigetragen). //Unix=25 PCs ● Bis 1974 war das gesamte Betriebssystem UNIX vollständig in C implementiert und wurde mit einem C-Compiler kostenfrei an verschiedene Universitäten verteilt. ● 1978 wurden bereits über 600 Computer mit dem UNIX-Betriebssystemen betrieben. ● Das aufblühende Zeitalter der Computerisierung der 70er Jahre war geprägt vom regen und freien Austausch von Programmen und dessen zugrunde liegenden Ideen. Sinnvoller Weise tauschte man diese als Quellcode untereinander aus. ● 1979 wurde von AT&T die letzte UNIX-Version 7, mit freiem Quellcode veröffentlicht. Andreas Klein ORR 2016 2 Am Anfang war der Quellcode (80er) ● 1980 – 1983 AT&T sowie zahlreiche andere Unternehmen beginnen mit der Kommerzialisierung von UNIX, durch Koppelung an stark beschränkenden Lizenzen und Geheimhaltung des zugrunde liegenden Quelltextes. ● Richard Stallman kündigt am 27. September 1983 in den Newsgroups net.unix-wizards und net.usoft das GNU-Projekt an. ● Am 5. Januar 1984 begann Stallman offiziell mit der Arbeit am GNU-Projekt, nachdem er seine Stelle am MIT gekündigt hatte. -
Computer Architectures an Overview
Computer Architectures An Overview PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sat, 25 Feb 2012 22:35:32 UTC Contents Articles Microarchitecture 1 x86 7 PowerPC 23 IBM POWER 33 MIPS architecture 39 SPARC 57 ARM architecture 65 DEC Alpha 80 AlphaStation 92 AlphaServer 95 Very long instruction word 103 Instruction-level parallelism 107 Explicitly parallel instruction computing 108 References Article Sources and Contributors 111 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 113 Article Licenses License 114 Microarchitecture 1 Microarchitecture In computer engineering, microarchitecture (sometimes abbreviated to µarch or uarch), also called computer organization, is the way a given instruction set architecture (ISA) is implemented on a processor. A given ISA may be implemented with different microarchitectures.[1] Implementations might vary due to different goals of a given design or due to shifts in technology.[2] Computer architecture is the combination of microarchitecture and instruction set design. Relation to instruction set architecture The ISA is roughly the same as the programming model of a processor as seen by an assembly language programmer or compiler writer. The ISA includes the execution model, processor registers, address and data formats among other things. The Intel Core microarchitecture microarchitecture includes the constituent parts of the processor and how these interconnect and interoperate to implement the ISA. The microarchitecture of a machine is usually represented as (more or less detailed) diagrams that describe the interconnections of the various microarchitectural elements of the machine, which may be everything from single gates and registers, to complete arithmetic logic units (ALU)s and even larger elements. -
Efika MX Smarttop Manual
E N G L I S H E S P A Ñ O L F R A N Ç A I S D E U T S C H Congratulations on purchasing an Efika MX Cloud Computer. S U P P O R T For access to software updates, product news and our development blog, please visit www.efikamx.info For technical discussions, developer support and resources, please visit www.powerdeveloper.org Package Contents Before you set up your computer, please ensure that your product package includes the following items. • Efika MX Cloud Computer (Smarttop) • User Manual • AC Adapter & Power Cord First Use Instructions Before you use your Efika MX Cloud Computer for the first time, please read the safety chapter included in this user manual. Software Information The default username and password on the provided OS installation is as follows. Username: oem Password: oem For additional documentation about your operating system, please visit www.efikamx.info Product Overview Power Button 3G SIM Slot USB Ports SD / MMC Card Slot DC-IN HDMI RJ45 Audio Out Mic In (Display) (Ethernet) Product Specifications Processor Freescale i.MX515, 800MHz Memory DDR2 512MB, up to 200MHz Graphics & Video Embedded 2D / 3D AMD Core Module Hardware Video Codec Full HW accelerated HD720 playback Display Modes HDMI (version 1.2a) 720P Memory Card MMC, SD, push / push type, by esdhc Slot (Enhanced Multi-Media Card Secure Digital Host Controller) Storage Device SSD 8G Connectivity Ethernet support (default) WLAN 802.11 b/g/n support (optional) or 3G / UMTS support (optional) LED Status Booting (Blue) Indicator System on (Green) DISK IO (flickering) Interface 1x RJ 45 (10/100M) 1 x Audio jack : Audio out 1 x Mic - In 1x DC - In 2x USB 2.0 ports 1x HDMI port 1x SIM slot (optional with WWAN SKU) 20 pin connector for debugging (optional) Audio 1x Built-in speaker (1.5 W) Power Max power consumption: 15 watt Management Power off: Press 4 times AC adapter Output: 12V DC, 3A, 36W Input : 100~240V AC, 50 - 60Hz universal Dimensions / Size: 160*115mm Weight Height: 20mm Weight 250g Temperature Working: 0°C~+40°C Step-by-Step Setup 1. -
Open Desktop Workstation – User Manual Genesi - Open Desktop Workstation – User Manual
Genesi - Open Desktop Workstation – User Manual Genesi - Open Desktop Workstation – User Manual Introduction Welcome to your new Genesi Open Desktop Workstation (ODW). Included in the package you should have; • Open Desktop Workstation (low-profile chassis) • S-Video to Composite Adapter (TV-out) • Composite cable (TV-out) • 4 “vertical standing” feet • US 115V power cord • This manual + initial setup sheet Genesi - Open Desktop Workstation – User Manual Initial Setup Power Supply Voltage & Cabling The ODW ships with a US 3-pin 115V power cord and the power supply set to 115V operation. If your local electricity supply voltage is different to that used in the United States (220V, for instance, in Europe), the power supply must be switched to operate in that mode. Failure to switch the power supply voltage to the correct setting will cause the power supply to overload and fail, which can be very dangerous and produce sparks or flames. Installing the CPU card The CPU card is secured inside the chassis for safety during shipping, and requires installation before the ODW can be used. Remove the chassis lid by unfastening the screw at the rear, and sliding it forward towards the front of the case. The CPU is stored in the smaller, detachable “floppy bay” which can be removed by carefully sliding it in the same direction as the lid. Take care not to put pressure on or use the CPU card packaging as leverage to remove the bay. Carefully remove the CPU from it's protective packaging and insert it into the CPU slot in the middle of the motherboard, pressing firmly on the top of the card to ensure a snug fit. -
Low-Power High Performance Computing
Low-Power High Performance Computing Panagiotis Kritikakos August 16, 2011 MSc in High Performance Computing The University of Edinburgh Year of Presentation: 2011 Abstract The emerging development of computer systems to be used for HPC require a change in the architecture for processors. New design approaches and technologies need to be embraced by the HPC community for making a case for new approaches in system design for making it possible to be used for Exascale Supercomputers within the next two decades, as well as to reduce the CO2 emissions of supercomputers and scientific clusters, leading to greener computing. Power is listed as one of the most important issues and constraint for future Exascale systems. In this project we build a hybrid cluster, investigating, measuring and evaluating the performance of low-power CPUs, such as Intel Atom and ARM (Marvell 88F6281) against commodity Intel Xeon CPU that can be found within standard HPC and data-center clusters. Three main factors are considered: computational performance and efficiency, power efficiency and porting effort. Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Report organisation . 2 2 Background 3 2.1 RISC versus CISC . 3 2.2 HPC Architectures . 4 2.2.1 System architectures . 4 2.2.2 Memory architectures . 5 2.3 Power issues in modern HPC systems . 9 2.4 Energy and application efficiency . 10 3 Literature review 12 3.1 Green500 . 12 3.2 Supercomputing in Small Spaces (SSS) . 12 3.3 The AppleTV Cluster . 13 3.4 Sony Playstation 3 Cluster . 13 3.5 Microsoft XBox Cluster . 14 3.6 IBM BlueGene/Q . -
Genesi U.S.A., Inc. 200 Patterson Ave
JUST ENOUGH COMPUTING by Johan DAMS Genesi U.S.A., Inc. 200 Patterson Ave. San Antonio, TX 78209 USA Phone: +1 210 829 5500 Fax: +1 210 829 5426 Email: jd@puv.fi URL: http://www.genesippc.com Acknowledgments I would like to take this opportunity to thank Mr. Bill Buck and Ms. Raquel Velasco for the opportunity they have given me to work on several exciting projects, and to have introduced me to some truly wonderful people whom I can now call my friends. I hope we can continue this co-operation and friendship for a long time to come. I especially want to express my gratitude to my fiance´ for putting up with my work schedule, which sometimes seems to take more time than there are hours in a day. Her encouragement and understanding truly keep me going, and without her I would never be where I am now. Abstract ”Why not use an embedded processor as a general purpose solution if the targeted requirements are met by the capability available. First, unlocking opportunity has everything to do with price. Last, you don’t need a rocket ship to travel to the grocery store.” ”This is not about a processor or a ”desktop” solution, it is about developing an interface that works anywhere for many things and many people. The objective is to help people do what they do already, better and more conveniently for less – that ought to be just enough.” Quotes by Mr. Bill Buck, CEO of Genesi. If we look at the educational landscape, we see that many schools, universities and organisations world wide struggle with finding a budget to equip themselves with the needed infrastructure to allow students to experience things we in the Western world often take for granted: Internet ac- cess, infrastructure for programming courses, laboratories for embedded systems and robotics, etc. -
The Pegasos Book « Le Livre Du Pegasos » Compilation of Articles on the Pegasos Volume 4 : Linux, Macosx and Other Systems
The Pegasos book « Le livre du Pegasos » Compilation of articles on the Pegasos Volume 4 : Linux, MacOSX and other systems May 2007 edition - By Geoffrey CHARRA (V2.3) Translated from french by Geoffrey CHARRA (December 2007), With the help of Eric WALTER, Thibault JEANSON, Denis HILLIARD (translation) and Fulvio PERUGGI (corrections) Sponsored by The Pegasos book – Volume 4 : Linux, MacOSX and other systems Contents 1 Linux ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Global information ................................................................................................. 4 1.1.1 Linux distributions running on Pegasos ............................................................... 4 1.1.2 General information on Linux usage for beginners ............................................... 5 1.1.3 Hard disk partitioning under Linux on Pegasos .................................................... 5 1.1.4 Multi-boot with bootcreator .............................................................................. 7 1.1.5 Using a Linux System from Another Linux System by Changing root ...................... 8 1.1.6 NFS : Network File System and Remote Compiling .............................................. 8 1.2 Installation of Linux Debian on Pegasos I and II ...................................................... 10 1.2.1 Installation types ........................................................................................... 10 1.2.2 Installation -
PC Hardware Contents
PC Hardware Contents 1 Computer hardware 1 1.1 Von Neumann architecture ...................................... 1 1.2 Sales .................................................. 1 1.3 Different systems ........................................... 2 1.3.1 Personal computer ...................................... 2 1.3.2 Mainframe computer ..................................... 3 1.3.3 Departmental computing ................................... 4 1.3.4 Supercomputer ........................................ 4 1.4 See also ................................................ 4 1.5 References ............................................... 4 1.6 External links ............................................. 4 2 Central processing unit 5 2.1 History ................................................. 5 2.1.1 Transistor and integrated circuit CPUs ............................ 6 2.1.2 Microprocessors ....................................... 7 2.2 Operation ............................................... 8 2.2.1 Fetch ............................................. 8 2.2.2 Decode ............................................ 8 2.2.3 Execute ............................................ 9 2.3 Design and implementation ...................................... 9 2.3.1 Control unit .......................................... 9 2.3.2 Arithmetic logic unit ..................................... 9 2.3.3 Integer range ......................................... 10 2.3.4 Clock rate ........................................... 10 2.3.5 Parallelism ......................................... -
Embedded Linux Optimizations
Embedded Linux optimizations Embedded Linux optimizations Size, RAM, speed, power, cost Michael Opdenacker Thomas Petazzoni Free Electrons © Copyright 2004-2009, Free Electrons. Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 license Latest update: Dec 20, 2010, Document sources, updates and translations: http://free-electrons.com/docs/optimizations Corrections, suggestions, contributions and translations are welcome! 1 Free Electrons. Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support. http//free-electrons.com Penguin weight watchers Make your penguin slimmer, faster, and reduce its consumption of fish! Before 2 weeks after 2 Free Electrons. Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support. http//free-electrons.com CE Linux Forum http://celinuxforum.org/ Non profit organization, whose members are embedded Linux companies and Consumer Electronics (CE) devices makers. Mission: develop the use of Linux in CE devices Hosts many projects to improve the suitability of Linux for CE devices and embedded systems. All patches are meant to be included in the mainline Linux kernel. Most of the ideas introduced in this presentation have been gathered or even implemented by CE Linux Forum projects! 3 Free Electrons. Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support. http//free-electrons.com Contents Ideas for optimizing the Linux kernel and executables Increasing speed Reducing size: disk footprint and RAM Reducing power consumption Global perspective: cost and combined optimization effects The ultimate optimization tool! 4 Free Electrons. Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support. http//free-electrons.com Embedded Linux Optimizations Increasing speed Reducing kernel boot time 5 Free Electrons. Kernel, drivers and embedded Linux development, consulting, training and support. -
Efika Openfirmware and Linux Howto
Efika OpenFirmware and Linux howto I) Introduction This document is a small guide which introduce the Efika's Firmware and how to use and play with the Liunx operating system (installation, kernel compilation...) The Efika is a small but complete and powerful computer. It features the bplan's OpenFirmware which allows smart and quick software supports through open standards such like RTAS, CHRP and OF1275. For example, any RTAS compliant OS will automatically takes advantage of the Efika. Moreover, the OpenFirmware device tree provides informations (interrupts, IO memory...) about on-board devices. Linux is an free (open-source) kernel. It has been ported on lots of platforms and became very popular. The port of the Efika has been pretty trivial as both Linux and the Efika use same standards. You will find a FAQ (Frequently Asked Question) at the end of this document. Efika OpenFirmware and Linux howto II) Efika OpenFirmware In this document, OpenFirmware will be shorten "OF". II.1) Features. ● OpenFirmware/CHRP compliant ● RTAS Compliant ● built-in x86 virtual machine for graphic card. ● Drivers for the the on-board devices: Ethernet, USB, ATA, serial... ● USB support: hub, keyboard, mass storage (for USB boot) ● TFTP protocol support. II.2) The device tree. The OpenFirmware is organised as a tree (such like a file system). For example, the root entry looks like this: ok ls / openprom aliases options packages chosen memory@0 cpus rtas failsafe builtin@F0000000 pci@80000000 Any entry may have several childs. As an example, the builtin