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Bulletin Vol.11 No. 5 Autumn 1987

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Bulletin Vol.11 No. 5 Autumn 1987 JUfBlME Bulletin Vol.11 No. 5 Autumn 1987 f 1 Comandante Ferraz brazil 2 Henry Arctowski polano 3 Teniente Jubany Argentina 4 Artigas uruguay 5 Teniente Rodoilo Marsh chile Bellingshausen ussr Great Wall ckha 6 Capitan Arturo Prat chile 7 General Bernardo O'Higgins chile 8 Esperanza argentine 9 Vice Comodoro Marambio Argentina 10 Palmer usa 11 Faraday uk SOUTH 12 Rothera uk 13 Teniente Carvajal chu SHETLAND 14 General San Martin Argentina ISLANDS 1$0 km NEW ZEALAND ANTARCTIC SOCIETY MAP COPYRIGHT ANTARCTIC (successor to "Antarctic News Bulletin) Vol.11 No. 5 Autumn 1987 Issue 125 Contents ANTARCTIC is published quarterly by the Polar Activities New Zealand Antarctic Society Inc., 1978. New Zealand 194 ISSN 0003-5327 Australia 204 United Kingdom 206 Editor: Robin Ormerod United States 210 Please address all editorial inquiries, con South Korea 214 tributions etc. to the Editor, P.O. Box 2110, Chile 215 Wellington, New Zealand. Telephone: (04) 791-226 Sub-Antarctic International: + 64-4-791-226 South Africa 215 Deadline for final copy for the next issue is October 23. Australia 216 New Zealand 216 All administrative enquiries should go to Bulletin "Co-ordinator", P.O. Box 1223, Christchurch. General 90 degrees south 217 Registered at P.O. Headquarters, as a magazine. Transglobe 221 Private expeditions policy 222 Antarctic Heritage Trust 223 Scott's last man 224 Obituaries 225 Books 229 Conservation trophy 231 © No part of this publication may be reproduced in any way without the prior permission of the Cover: Biologist diving among crabeater publishers. seals at Signy Island, South Orkney Island. Photo: D. G. Allan, British Antarctic Survey. Antarctic Autumn, 1987 NZARP New Zealand's Antarctic science programme enters 30th year New Zealand's 30th continuous year of scientific activity in the Antarctic will in volve 200 scientists and support staff working on 47 projects on and around Ross Island, in McMurdo Sound and in the Dry valleys region with one deep field geo logical mapping expedition to Marie Byrd Land and a four man expedition to Cape Hallett. Scientific studies will cover earth, life, atmospheric and physical sciences. The last major phase of the Scott Base building programme will be completed and the conditions of the historic huts will be further assessed. This season's programme began in late these factors is present the algae is presum August when ten members of the Scott Base ed to have grown over decades or be thriv construction team and a scientist involved in ing because of nutrients from an unknown an ozone programme flew south. The major source. thrust of activities will begin as usual early in Working across the pinnacle or dirty ice October. east and west from Bratina Island, the pair, McMurdo Iceshelf Ecosystem accompanied by John Roberts an Antarctic Division field assistant, will look at the phys This season will also see the start of a iology of the algal mats, the environmental three year multi-disciplinary programme conditions for growth, the species and com studying facets of the McMurdo Iceshelf position. They will also look specifically at ecosystem. It is the first time New Zealand has conducted such a co-operative en photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism. A short visit will also be made to Cape vironmental study in the Antarctic and it is Royds to collect samples of the thick algal likely to involve scientists from Auckland and Canterbury Universities, the Ministry of mats for Dr Dick Castenholz of Oregon State Works and Development, the Taupo University who may join the programme Freshwater Laboratories and the Meteor during the second year. Dr Paul Broady of Canterbury University ological service. Specific individual studies will include the geochemistry of the will spend two months collecting samples of meltwater and sediments; glaciology of the algae from some of the tens of thousands of McMurdo Ice shelf, work on energy ponds on the McMurdo Ice Shelf. He will describe and identify algal flora and deter balances, aerosol chemistry, community structures and bacterial physiology of algae mine the ecological preferences of the major and protozoology. species. His project is also part of the first As part of the first stage of the three year year of the study of the McMurdo Iceshelf programme Drs Clive Howard-Williams of Ecosystem. He will be assisted for some of the Taupo Research Laboratory and Rick the time by Alistair Surer a student from the Pridmore of the Water Quality Centre in University. Dr Broady will also be associated Hamilton will examine the puzzling abun with the deep field programme. dance of thick algal mats identified two sea From mid-December Dr Stephen de Mora sons ago by air in the melt pools of the and student Rob Whitehead of Auckland McMurdo Iceshelf. Such growth and diversi University will be in the Bratina Island areas ty is dependent on high levels of organic assessing the geochemistry of the major nitrogen normally generated by vegetation elements of the meltpools on the McMurdo or, in other areas, by pollution. As neither of Iceshelf. They will look specifically at the 194 Autumn, 1987 WS temporal and geographical changes in gross Bratina Island in McMurdo Sound where composition of the meltpools and the stream scientists will be conducting part of the first system that forms each year. A brief visit will stage of a three year multi-disciplinary pro be made to collect samples for geochemical gramme. and biological analysis from the Alph River Photo: Dr Stephen de Mora. which flows into Walcott Bay on the western Additional work on mercury will be un edge of the iceshelf. A further visit will be dertaken by Dr Doug Sheppard and Alan made to the Alph River later in the season Dick of Chemistry Division, DSIR in Well by Dr Clive Howard-Williams and his team ington. They will be trying to obtain an his to collect samples for comparative analysis. torical record of mercury levels from ac cumulated layers of snow near Scott Base. Mercury levels Samples will be melted in the field and taken to the Scott Base laboratory where the In conjunction with John Patterson of vapour will be released into a photoac- Chemistry Division, DSIR in Wellington Dr coustic analyser containing gold trappings De Mora and Rob Whitehead will continue from which the level of mercury can be work on atmospheric mercury taking sam measured. Analysis of mercury is important ples from the Scott Base area, Bratina Island as it is poisonous and the extent of con and Lake Vanda. Scott Base technicians tamination can only be fully assessed from continued the programme, begun last accurate baseline data. Antarctica is ideal for summer, throughout the winter and prelim such work as pre-industrial samples can be inary results indicated some of the lowest obtained. levels of atmospheric mercury ever re corded. They will provide unique baseline Life sciences data. Further work will be undertaken on the Antarctic Autumn, 1987 comparative physiology of Antarctic animals screened for the presence of anti-viral/anti- by a group from Auckland University. The tumour compounds. study aims to identify mechanisms of cold During the last four years over 3,000 dif adaptation to acquire a better understanding ferent sessile invertebrates have been col of the general physiological principles of ad lected from the sub-Antarctic, in other New aptation by examining the functions of the Zealand waters and from locations up to the cells and tissues at their extreme lower equator. They represent more than 80 per temperature limits. The three projects for cent of the sessile invertebrates known to be this season will include a joint study. available. Canterbury University students In the first of the projects further work will will prepare extracts from the samples, be undertaken on the sensory functions of isolate the compounds and send them to lateral lines in notothenoids comparing the America for testing as anti-tumour/anti-viral anterior lines with trunk lines in fish with dif constituents for drugs. This is the first year ferent feeding habits. In a second project such a collection has been made in Antarc nets will be suspended on oceanographic tica. wires to collect samples of plankton for in Gill structure formation on the vertical stratification in Pagothenia borchgreninki collected in relation to light intensity. McMurdo Sound by scientists from i: e Uni The objective of the joint plankton/fish versity of Canterbury in 1985 often had white swollen "fluffy" gills. Samples study is to obtain information on the visual threshold for feeding in P Borchgrevenki analysed under the electron microscope using neurophysiological and behavioural reveal the growth of big spherical cells the techniques. The results will be compared cause of which is unknown. with the vertical distribution of light and Research in the northern hemisphere potential prey. suggests that the symptoms may be a virus Dr John Montgomery will lead the team induced cancer. Further samples of the which comprises Professor Brain Foster, species will be collected this season to John Cargill and Heiko Weix all from the determine the proportion of the population University of Auckland. They will be joined affected and for more detailed examination by Dr Ned Pankhurst from the Leigh Marine of the tissue. Laboratory on Goat Island, North of the Biochemical and morphological work will Auckland, and will be working at Scott be carried out to determine whether changes Base, Cape Royds and New Harbour for in gill structure affect gas exchange across five weeks from late October. the gill or whether compensation is made by other tissues such as the skin. Cancer research Dr Bill Davison of the University will lead Marine benthic organisms, principally the team comprising students Craig Franklin sponges, will be collected by a team of divers and Peter Carey.
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