Reeder and Felson’s Gamuts in Radiology Fourth Edition Reeder and Felson’s Gamuts in Radiology Comprehensive Lists of Roentgen Differential Diagnosis Fourth Edition MAURICE M. REEDER, MD, FACR with MRI Gamuts by WILLIAM G. BRADLEY, JR., MD, PHD, FACR and Ultrasound Gamuts by CHRISTOPHER R. MERRITT, MD, FACR and input from a distinguished 20-member subspecialty Editorial Board Maurice M. Reeder, MD, FACR MRI gamuts contributed by: Adjunct Professor of Radiology William G. Bradley, Jr., MD, PhD, FACR Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Chairman, Department of Radiology Bethesda, Maryland University of California, San Diego Emeritus Professor and Former Chairman, Section of Radiology Medical Center John A. Burns School of Medicine San Diego, California University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii Colonel, Medical Corps, United States Army, Retired Ultrasound gamuts contributed by: Formerly Chief, Department of Radiology Christopher R. Merritt, MD, FACR Walter Reed Army Medical Center Professor, Department of Radiology Formerly, Radiology Consultant to the Army Surgeon General Division of Ultrasound Formerly Associate Radiologist Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Registry of Radiologic Pathology Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Washington, DC With 8 illustrations. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Reeder, Maurice M. (Maurice Merrick), 1933– Reeder and Felson’s gamuts in radiology : comprehensive lists of roentgen differential diagnosis / Maurice M. Reeder.—4th ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-387-95588-7 (alk. paper) 1. Diagnosis, Radioscopic—Outlines, syllabi, etc. 2. Diagnosis, Differential—Outlines, syllabi, etc. I. Title: Gamuts in radiology. II. Felson, Benjamin. III. Title. [DNLM: 1. Radiography—Handbooks. 2. Diagnosis, Differential—Handbooks. WN 39 R325r 2003] RC78.17 .R445 2003 616.07′572—dc21 2002030551 ISBN 0-387-95588-7 Printed on acid-free paper. © 2003, 1993 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. Second edition © 1987 by Audiovisual Radiology of Cincinnati, Inc. All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permis- sion of the publisher (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of infor- mation storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodol- ogy now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omis- sions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material con- tained herein. Printed in the United States of America. 987654321 SPIN 10893188 www.springer-ny.com Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg A member of BertelsmannSpringer Science+Business Media GmbH Gamut 0-00 Editorial Board Members Associate Editor: William G. Bradley, Jr., MD, PhD Chairman, Department of Radiology University of California, San Diego Medical Center San Diego, California Assistant Editors: John B. Campbell, MD Christopher R. Merritt, MD Department of Radiology Professor, Department of Radiology Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children & Women Division of Ultrasound Orlando, Florida Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Ronald L. Eisenberg, MD Chairman, Department of Radiology Nestor L. Müller, MD, PhD Alameda County Medical Center Professor and Chief of Pulmonary Radiology Oakland, California Department of Radiology Clinical Professor of Radiology Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre University of California School of Medicine at Vancouver, B.C., Canada San Francisco and Davis, California Mark D. Murphey, MD Richard M. Gore, MD Chief, Musculoskeletal Radiology Division Professor and Vice Chairman of Radiology Department of Radiologic Pathology Northwestern University Medical School Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Evanston Hospital Washington, DC Evanston, Illinois v Gamut 0-00 Section Editors: Section A: Skull and Brain Section E: Cardiovascular Maurice M. Reeder, MD Larry P. Elliott, MD John B. Campbell, MD Clinical Professor of Radiology University of South Carolina at Charleston Medical Kelly Koeller, MD, Capt, MC, USN Center Chief, Department of Radiologic Pathology Formerly, Chairman, Department of Radiology Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Georgetown University Medical Center Washington, DC Washington, DC Christopher Lisanti, MD Chief, Section of MRI and Brain and Body Imaging Section F: Chest Department of Radiology Nestor L. Müller, MD, PhD Wilford Hall, US Air Force Medical Center Melissa L. Rosado de Christenson, MD San Antonio, Texas Professor of Radiology Ohio State University Medical Center Section B: Head and Neck Columbus, Ohio Anton N. Hasso, MD Formerly, Chief, Department of Radiologic Pathology Professor and Chairman Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Department of Radiological Sciences Washington, DC University of California Irvine Medical Center Orange, California James C. Reed, MD Chairman, Department of Diagnostic Radiology Robert Lufkin, MD University of Kentucky Medical Center Professor, Department of Radiological Sciences Lexington, Kentucky UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles, California Section G: Gastrointestinal Tract and Abdomen Ronald L. Eisenberg, MD Section C: Spine and Its Contents Richard M. Gore, MD Mark D. Murphey, MD Pablo R. Ros, MD Section D: Bone, Joints, and Soft Tissues Professor of Radiology and Vice Chairman Mark D. Murphey, MD Department of Radiology Harvard University School of Medicine Clyde A. Helms, MD Brigham & Women’s Hospital Professor of Radiology Boston, Massachusetts Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina Section H: Genitourinary Tract, Retroperitoneum, and GYN Ultrasound Jeffrey H. Newhouse, MD Professor of Radiology Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center New York, New York Christopher R. Merritt, MD vi Gamut 0-00 Section I: Mammography: Diseases of the Breast Section M: MRI of CNS and Body Ralph L. Smathers, MD William G. Bradley, Jr, MD, PhD Mammography Specialists, Inc. Christopher Lisanti, MD Los Gatos, California Section O: Obstetrical Ultrasound Robert McLelland, MD Christopher R. Merritt, MD Clinical Professor of Radiology University of North Carolina Consultant for Pediatric Radiology Chapel Hill, North Carolina John B. Campbell, MD Chairman, American College of Radiology Committee on Breast Imaging Consultant for Congenital Syndromes and Bone Dysplasias Section J: Tropical Medicine and Miscellaneous Ralph S. Lachman, MD Maurice M. Reeder, MD Professor of Radiology and Pediatrics Adjunct Professor of Radiology and Registrar UCLA Medical Center International Registry of Tropical Imaging Co-Director, International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Los Angeles, California Bethesda, Maryland Emeritus Professor and Former Chairman of Radiology Consultant for Ultrasound University of Hawaii School of Medicine Christopher R. Merritt, MD vii Gamut 0-00 Dedication This book is dedicated to Colonel William LeRoy Thompson, Medical Corps, U.S. Army (1891-1975) Colonel Thompson, legendary teacher of morphology in radiology and orig- inator of the Gamut concept, received his M.D. degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1917, and began his long and illustrious career in the U.S. Army Medical Corps that same year. He had various assignments in general medicine and administration and later became one of the early Army radiologists. However, it was during his last year before retirement from the Army (1951) that he began his most important work, his major contribution to medicine: the organization of the Registry of Radiologic Pathology at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. After retirement, he offered his services, without remuneration, to continue as full-time Registrar and Chief of Radiologic Pathology. In the ensuing 16 years, Colonel Thompson worked laboriously in ac- cessioning new material and collating the material already in the files of the Institute. He was sustained in this labor by hours of daily contact with his “students.” It was here, in seminars at the viewbox, that Colonel Thompson drew upon a lifetime of accumulated knowledge and experi- ence to educate residents, fellows, and practicing physicians from all over the world who came to study under his guidance. In this role, Colonel Thompson was the catalyst, igniting in his students a love of learning and an understanding of the vital role that pathology plays in the discipline of radiology. He was primarily a morphologist, and accepted as such by his colleagues and peers at the AFIP. Colonel Thompson’s down-to-earth nature, his éclat in interpersonal relationships, his obvious deep regard for his students as well as medi- cine, and his abundant and abiding warmth as a human being made him truly beloved by all who came to know him. ix Gamut 0-00 A Tribute to Ben Felson He was certainly the greatest radiologist of his time, and perhaps of all time. He was one of the great