University of Nevada, Reno
DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATION AND ANIMATION FOR A COMPLEX OPEN PIT MINE OPERATION, MARIGOLD MINE IN WINNEMUCCA, NEVADA
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Mining Engineering
by Virginia Ibarra
Dr. Danny Taylor/Thesis Advisor
August, 2015
THE GRADUATE SCHOOL
We recommend that the thesis prepared under our supervision by
VIRGINIA IBARRA
Entitled
Discrete Event Simulation And Animation For A Complex Open Pit Mine Operation, Marigold Mine In Winnemucca, Nevada
be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
Dr. Danny Taylor, Advisor
Dr. Charles Karoly Kocsis, Committee Member
Dr. James Carr, Graduate School Representative
David W. Zeh, Ph.D., Dean, Graduate School
August, 2015
i
Abstract
In any phase of a mining operation, the goal is to have an efficient and cost effective design or plan before implementing and investing large amounts of capital. Discrete-event simulation partnered with animation are powerful tools that can be used to facilitate this goal. This method models the mining operation as discrete events over time and provides a visual to verify that the logic of the mine is correct. Whenever a new method is learned, there will always be a learning curve – once familiarized with discrete-event simulation and animation, this tool can be utilized in any stage of mine planning: preliminary design, equipment selection, long and short term planning, and proposed locations for stockpiling, and dumping to name a few. The focus of this thesis project is to use discrete-event simulation and animation on an existing complex open pit mine operation called Marigold
Mine in Winnemucca, Nevada owned by Silver Standard and to demonstrate it is a beneficial tool. Research and collecting data by observation was carried out during three time periods where the mine operation changed from pits and dumps being used, and new equipment being incorporated. After collecting this data, it was compiled, and analyzed.
The model of the mine was revised, calibrated, and validated with actual production numbers for a specific time period. This research also carried out four case studies and an economic analysis.
Keywords: discrete-event system simulation, animation, GPSS/H®, PROOF
Professional®, and mine planning.
ii
Acknowledgements
Thank you is a simple phrase that does not say enough to all the important and key people that made this Master’s program possible for me. From the encouragement Dr. Kocsis gave to his first undergraduate class to pursue a Master’s in mining to Dr. Kallu who accepted me into the graduate program. All my undergrad and grad level teachers have been key to my understanding of mining engineering and how important mining is for all mankind. It is an amazing feeling that indirectly, all things mining make life a little easier for the majority of people in this world – from roads to cell phones.
I would also like to thank Goldcorp Inc. who initially funded this research project and Silver Standard who continued the project after they purchased Marigold Mine. Their financial and project support made my master’s thesis possible.
Secondly, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Danny Taylor, Simulation &
Animation Professor, Dr. John Sturgul, and Ph.D. student mentor, Ebrahim Tarshizi for their support and encouragement that kept me motivated and going on the right track.
A million thanks to my committee members, Dr. Danny Taylor, Dr. James Carr, and Dr. Karoly Kocsis. I appreciate the precious time they took out of their packed schedules to guide me through this master’s program – all have been great instructors also.
I am grateful for parents who have always taught me that knowledge is the only thing we can take with us after this life. Last but not least, thanks for the encouragement my family, friends, and my little Maximum Sebastian gave me through it all – love you all!
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Table of Contents
Abstract …… ...... i Acknowledgements ...... ii Table of Contents ...... iii List of Tables ...... v List of Figures ...... vi Chapter 1. Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Research Objectives – Marigold Mine ...... 1 1.2 Background – Marigold Mine ...... 3 1.3 Scope of Work ...... 4 1.4 Overview – Discrete-Event Simulation...... 4 1.5 Overview – Literature Review ...... 6 Chapter 2. Literature Review ...... 8 2.1 Typical Mine Modelling Process ...... 8 2.2 Simulation Software Programs...... 9 2.3 Simulation in Surface Mining ...... 11 2.4 Simulation in Underground Mining ...... 17 Chapter 3. Simulation and Animation ...... 23 3.1 Discrete-Event Simulation ...... 23 3.2 GPSS/H® and PROOF Professional® ...... 24 3.3 Simulation Model Process ...... 27 3.4 Calibration and Validation of Simulation Model ...... 32 Chapter 4. Marigold Mine Simulation and Animation Model in Nevada ...... 37 4.1 Description – Marigold Mine ...... 37 4.2 Data Collection ...... 40 4.3 Preliminary Model...... 43 4.4 Final Model ...... 45 Chapter 5. Case Studies ...... 47 5.1 Case Study #1: Production vs. Existing Haul Truck Fleet ...... 48 5.2 Case Study #2: Maximum Production vs. Truck Allocation ...... 51 iv
5.3 Case Study #3: Maximum Production vs. Number of Trucks ...... 53 5.4 Case Study #4: P&H 4100 Electric Shovel Production vs. Truck Allocation ...... 54 5.5 Economic Analysis and Comparison ...... 57 Chapter 6. Conclusion and Future Research ...... 66 6.1 Conclusion ...... 66 6.2 Future Research ...... 67 References … ...... 68 Appendices ...... 71 Appendix A: Preliminary simulation and animation programs for Marigold Mine (GPSS/H® and PROOF Professional®) ...... 71 Appendix B: Final simulation and animation programs for Marigold Mine (GPSS/H® and PROOF Professional®) ...... 95 Appendix C: Case Study #3 simulation and animation programs for P&H in operation only in Mackay pit (GPSS/H® and PROOF Professional®) ...... 110 v
List of Tables Table 2.1 Some Simulation and Animation Software Programs (Wolverinesoftware, SimPlan AG, SIMUL8 Corporation, SimMine, Lanner, ProModel Corp., & Arena Simulation, 2015) ...... 10 Table 3.1: Haul Truck Time Study Worksheet Sample ...... 29 Table 3.2: Shovel Loading Time Study Worksheet Sample ...... 30 Table 3.3: Marigold’s Actual Production Breakdown (3/27/14 to 6/16/14) ...... 33 Table 3.4: P&H Actual Production Breakdown at Mackay Pit (3/27/14 to 6/16/14) ...... 34 Table 3.5: EX340/341 Actual Production Breakdown at Mackay Pit (3/27/14 to 6/16/14) ...... 35 Table 3.6: Marigold’s Actual Production vs. Simulation Results (3/27/14 to 6/16/14) .. 36 Table 4.1: Spot and Loading times at the P&H Electric Shovel ...... 41 Table 5.1: Case Study #1 - Simulation Results...... 50 Table 5.2: Case Study #2 - Simulation Results...... 52 Table 5.3: Case Study #3 - Simulation Results...... 53 Table 5.4: Case Study #4 - Simulation Results...... 56 Table 5.5: Case Study #1 – Simulation Results, Operating Cost/Shift, and Cost/kton ... 58 Table 5.6: Case Study #2 – Simulation Results, Operating Cost/Shift, and Cost/kton ... 60 Table 5.7: Case Study #3 – Simulation Results, Operating Cost/Shift, and Cost/kton ... 62 Table 5.8: Case Study #4 – Simulation Results, Operating Cost/Shift, and Cost/kton ... 64
vi
List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Marigold Mine in Winnemucca, Nevada – Aerial Photo ...... 3 Figure 3.1: System Model Classification (Price, 2014) ...... 24 Figure 3.2: Example of Input Parameters of Marigold’s Simulation...... 25 Figure 3.3: Example of Marigold’s Simulation Output ...... 26 Figure 3.4: Procedure for Mine System Simulation & Animation Model for Marigold Mine ...... 27 Figure 4.1: Hitachi Haul Truck Spotting Time at the P&H Electric Shovel ...... 42 Figure 4.2: P&H Electric Shovel Loading Time at the P&H Electric Shovel ...... 42 Figure 4.3: Preliminary Proof Professional® Animation Model of Marigold Mine ...... 44 Figure 4.4: Proof Professional® Zoomed-In Window of Loading Area in Mackay Pit ... 45 Figure 4.5: Final Simulation and Animation Model of Marigold Mine ...... 46 Mine ...... 46 Figure 5.1: Maximum Production vs. Truck Allocation ...... 52 Figure 5.2: Maximum Production vs. Number of Trucks ...... 54 Figure 5.3: Screenshot of Simulation Revision #1 ...... 55 Figure 5.4: Screenshot of Simulation Revision #2 ...... 55 Figure 5.5: P&H 4100 Electric Shovel Production vs. Truck Allocation ...... 56 Figure 5.6: Case Study #1 – Production ...... 58 Figure 5.7: Case Study #1 – Cost/kton ...... 59 Figure 5.8: Case Study #2 – Production ...... 60 Figure 5.9: Case Study #2 – Cost/kton ...... 61 Figure 5.10: Case Study #3 – Production ...... 62 Figure 5.11: Case Study #3 – Cost/kton ...... 63 Figure 5.12: Case Study #4 – Production ...... 65 Figure 5.13: Case Study #4 – Cost/kton ...... 65 1
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1 Research Objectives – Marigold Mine
The main objective of this research project is to demonstrate that discrete event simulation and animation can be used for Marigold’s mining operation as a modern planning tool to assist mining engineers. The following are the details of the research that needed to be done to accomplish the objective:
make mine visits as needed to meet with mining engineers to discuss the mine
operation, to collect sufficient data, and make sure that all involved are up to date
with procedures
understand the logic of the mine at each data collection period
collect data by field observation for the following events:
- loaded haul truck times per segment and per truck type (CAT, Komatsu,
and Hitachi)
- empty haul truck times per segment and per truck type (CAT, Komatsu,
and Hitachi)
- excavator loading times per excavator type (Hitachi and P&H)
- haul truck dump times per dump area and per truck type (CAT, Komatsu,
and Hitachi)
- haul truck dump times at leach pad and per truck type (CAT, Komatsu,
and Hitachi)
- haul truck spot times per dump area and per truck type (CAT, Komatsu,
and Hitachi) 2
- haul truck spot times at leach pad per truck type (CAT, Komatsu,
and Hitachi), and
- loading times at lime silo per truck type (CAT, Komatsu,
and Hitachi)
for data analysis, compile and arrange data with care
acquire actual data and dispatch code from the existing mine operation and then
analyze and determine the best time period for validating the simulation model
use specifications and data to construct the simulation model that will be verified
and validated with actual mine data
use the following simulation software, GPSS/H®, to make the simulation model
that will depict Marigold’s complex open pit mining operation
use the following animation program, Proof Professional®, to build the animation
utility to assist in visually checking all mining processes, and the simulation code
by bringing errors in the code to the forefront and correct them
the focus of the case studies will be on the optimum production for the different
scenarios that vary the haul truck fleet and excavators used in Mackay Pit. These
cases are as follow:
- Case Study #1: Production vs. Existing Haul Truck Fleet
- Case Study #2: Maximum Production vs. Truck Allocation
- Case Study #3: Maximum Production vs. Proposed Haul Truck Fleet
- Case Study #4: P&H 4100 Electric Shovel Production with Existing
Haul Truck Fleet
conduct an economic analysis and a comparison 3
1.2 Background – Marigold Mine
The Marigold mine is a surface gold mine located east of Winnemucca, Nevada in
Humboldt County and encompasses approximately 28.9 mi2 (See Figure 1.1). It has been in operation for the last 25 years and owned by several mining companies through the years. Marigold was originally owned by Rayrock, followed by Glamis, then Goldcorp and
Barrick Gold Corporation. Marigold Mine was purchased by Silver Standard Resources
Inc. on April 4, 2014. This truck-shovel operation consists of many open surface pits and waste dumps, and uses run-of-mine heap leaching to extract gold from the ore.
Figure 1.1: Marigold Mine in Winnemucca, Nevada – Aerial Photo
Marigold mine is a dynamic complex mining system. During the time of this study the mine had several pits in operation at different times which included Target Pit, Mackay
Pit, and Terry Zone. There are several waste dumps – Basalt, Upper Trout Creek, and
Lower Trout Creek. The mine uses three different types of haul trucks (e.g. Hitachi 4
EH5000AC, Komatsu 930E, & CAT789C) with the CAT trucks being used as needed. The mine’s latest purchase was a P&H 4100 Electric shovel which went into production in
November of 2013. The other main shovels are two Hitachi EX5500 with one Komatsu
WA1200 loader being phased out as well, and used only as needed.
1.3 Scope of Work
This project is being conducted to design and develop a haulage simulation and animation model using the existing mine operation, calibrate and validate the model, and then through discrete-event simulation and animation exercises analyze the case studies for mine planning and optimization purposes. Mine simulation is a beneficial tool that can assist mining operations to run different scenarios that could consume time and money before implementing in real life.
Due to the dynamic and complex nature of the mining operation and to ensure enough data is collected for the stochastic variables, there should be a sufficient amount of time allotted for field observations for an accurate model. Actual data from the existing mine operation should be collected and analyzed to determine the best time period to simulate and validate the model. For this study the focus is on Mackay Pit due to the consistent location of the loading equipment for the period of March 27th, 2014 to June
16th, 2014. After the collection of data is complete, merging and processing the data to a useable format will facilitate data analysis.
1.4 Overview – Discrete-Event Simulation
Discrete-Event System Simulation can be used to model a theoretical mining operation, analyze existing operations, and/or evaluate proposed plans in a mine to name a 5 few. Mine simulation has been acknowledged and accepted by mining engineers all over the world for many years and has become an essential part in mine design and planning in several mining operations. For some industries discrete event simulation is part of their repertoire – the mining industry has yet to be totally immersed.
Mine system simulation is an insightful analysis tool to assist mining engineers to efficiently evaluate and investigate a wide range of proposed mine design scenarios, which can assist in decision-making. Considering mine operating and capital costs, a discrete system simulation model of a mine enables engineers to test and examine a series of scenarios in mine planning, management, and optimization without incurring the implementation costs. This will lead to a better decision-making process and the best possible use of mining capital and operational budgets.
The software used for modeling Marigold’s mining operation was GPSS/H®,
(General Purpose Simulation System - a simulation programming language), and Proof
Professional® was used for the animation utility. Both simulation and animation programs were developed by Wolverine Software. GPSS/H® was used due to its simple programming language, cost effectiveness, fast processing, and extreme flexibility to model complex discrete event systems (e.g. a mine operation) (O’Connell & Sturgul,
2010). Proof Professional® is a program that facilitates a visual model of dynamic simulation over time. The drawing tools provided in Proof allow for an animation to be realistic. Proof also has the ability to import and export CAD files, and the capability of zooming in and out without losing the image’s sharp quality (Henriksen, 2000). If there is an error in the code or animation, visually the modeler(s) can easily catch it by running the animation utility after the simulation. 6
1.5 Overview – Literature Review
To start the literature review a summary is given of some of the many different simulation software programs that are used today. Surface and underground mining papers that applied a simulation program were used for this research. The following papers were used:
Surface Mining
Planning open pit mining operations using simulation (Bauer & Calder, 1972)
GPSS computer simulation of equipment requirements for the Iron Duke Mine
(Harrison & Sturgul, 1989)
Simulation analysis model and equipment selection in continuous surface mining
systems (Upadhyay, et. al., 2013)
A simulation model of the waste handling system proposed for the Lihir Project in
Papua New Guinea (Jacobsen, et. al., 1995)
The use of simulation in the Lihir Gold Expansion Study (Etschmann, et. al., 2006)
Underground Mining
Simulation and animation model for the Millerton Coal Mine (New Zealand)
(O’Connell & Sturgul, 2010)
The use of discrete event simulation for underground haulage mining equipment
selection (Salama, et. al., 2002)
Simulation as a tool for mine planning (Greberg & Sundqvist, 2011)
The integration of mine simulation and ventilation simulation to develop a ‘Life-
Cycle’ mine ventilation system (Kocsis, et. al., 2003) 7
Application of ProModel for the simulation of hoists in underground mining
(Vayenas & Wu, 2009)
8
Chapter 2. Literature Review
This literature review will discuss a typical simulation modelling process, list some of the software programs used for simulation in the mining industry and discuss how they are applied in surface and underground mining.
2.1 Typical Mine Modelling Process
Modeling mine operations by simulation software can be a beneficial tool when used for the appropriate problem, issue, or hypothetical situation. The following can be a typical process when modeling a mining system:
identify the problem – purpose for model
define project objectives – cannot build a model that does everything, it would be
too big
data collection – use real data and when not applicable, state assumptions
model development – know the big picture, design for future additions
verification and validation of model – verify that model works as planned, after
which validate model and make sure results are comparable to real world results
modify/refine model – as needed to ensure logic is accurate and/or if objectives
have changed
use model – making an animation utility of mining processes can be very useful
application of results – implement recommendations otherwise the study was done
in vain (Hall, 2000) 9
2.2 Simulation Software Programs
There are several simulation software tools that one can use to model a mining operation. Some software programs involve learning the programming language and others have an interface with pulldowns/command line. To select an appropriate program that will fulfill the goals and results for a project, one needs to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each program, and then choose one that will be appropriate for your needs. The following are a few of these programs:
GPSS/H®
ARENA®
AutoMod®
ProModel®
Simul8®
SimMine®
Witness®
Haulsim
Haulnet
Dragsim
SIMCRIPT II.5 (MODSIM)®
SIMPLE+®, and
SLAM® (Tarshizi, 2014).
Table 2.1 has pertinent information about some simulation and animation software programs that can be used in a mining operation. 10
Product Software Description Key Features Price Name Developer Range ARENA Arena Simulation & 2D & 3D Animation $9,000 Simulation Animation Access to SIMAN code Rexford, PA Unlimited model size AutoMod® SimPlan AG Simulation & 3-D virtual reality $16,000 - Niederlassung Animation Animation graphics $25,000 München Interactive modeling GPSS/H® Wolverine Simulation Fast compilation & execution of $2,000 - Software Corp., large models $6,000 Nassau, DE Language flexibility Easy to model complex queueing methods Built in algorithms for statistical integrity Proof® Animation Can be used with GPSS/H or any $1,750 - ASCII file $2,500 Driven by a trace file produced by simulation Vector-based Unlimited memory CAD import/export ProModel® ProModel Corp. Simulation & Discrete-event simulation $22,900 - Orem, UT Animation technology $28,300 Can use CAD files, process or value stream maps, or process simulator models to build animated computer model SimMine® SimMine Simulation Used for underground mines $16,500 - Sweden No programming skills needed $27,500 Import existing mine layout & set parameters Simul8® SIMUL8 Simulation & 2-D & 3-D animation $5,000 Corporation Animation Run simulation in seconds Build, view, & run simulation of any size 17 distributions or create your own Connect to your own data Witness® Lanner Simulation & Simulation with Quick 3D $15,000 UK Animation Powerful modular modeling Support CAD & XML imports Control simulation using VBA, C#, & other options for simulation application development
Table 2.1 Some Simulation and Animation Software Programs (Wolverinesoftware, SimPlan AG, SIMUL8 Corporation, SimMine, Lanner, ProModel Corp., & Arena Simulation, 2015) 11
2.3 Simulation in Surface Mining
I. Planning Open Pit Mining Operations Using Simulation
To understand the complexity of a load-haul-dump system and how each process of a mining operation interacts with each other the following example was given for an excavator. There are several factors that determine an excavator’s production, such as:
type of rock
fragmentation of muck
size of haul truck, and
arrival of haul trucks to be loaded (Bauer & Calder, 1972).
As each step of the haul cycle starts and finish, there are many factors that will affect time and production. Adding additional trucks can result increased production or traffic congestion. Simulation can provide an accurate model of the mine operation that can determine the optimal operation before testing what-if? scenarios in the operating mine that can be costly (Bauer & Calder, 1972).
The method used was the Monte Carlo method which is an effective procedure for mine simulation. The key to have a real simulation model of the operating mine is to use actual data and logic of the mine operation (Bauer & Calder, 1972).
II. GPSS Computer Simulation of Equipment Requirements for the Iron Duke Mine
Iron Duke Mine will be the new pit that will continue production for the South
Middleback Ranges operation as soon as Iron Baron Mine nears it completion. This study used the simulation program General Purpose Simulation System (GPSS) due to the 12 capability of simulating complex mining operations (Harrison & Sturgul, 1989). In the Iron
Duke Mine the following were the issues being studied:
produce a blended product – three types of ore (stockpile, off specification, and
high phosphorous)
two waste areas – north and south dump
determine equipment needed, and
achieve target production rate (Harrison & Sturgul, 1989).
The following were unknowns that the simulation determined:
total tonnage of ore delivered to stockpile
total waste to north dump
total waste to south dump
total ore to the off specification stockpile
total ore to the high phosphorous stockpile
total ore from the stockpile to the crusher
cumulative time of operating delays
time lost for morning tea shutdowns
time lost for shift change
time lost for third shift shutdown
time lost for weekend shutdown (Harrison & Sturgul, 1989).
When the target output for the total ore delivered to the stockpile coincides, the equipment requirement (e.g. haul trucks and excavators) was determined (Harrison &
Sturgul, 1989). 13
III. Simulation analysis model and equipment selection in continuous surface mining systems
The main goal for a mining operation is to determine the appropriate mining method and equipment requirement that results in a mine that is efficient and reaches its production target. In this paper a continuous surface miner system and an at-face slurrying system with a bucket wheel excavator were simulated to obtain the ideal number of haul trucks and max utilization of equipment for each case (Upadhyay, et. al., 2013). The continuous surface miner system was modelled for a thick coal seam and the at-face slurrying system was modelled for an oil sand open-pit mine. Continuous mining is preferred for this mining operation for the following:
cost effectiveness
environmental-friendly, and
efficiency (Upadhyay, et. al., 2013).
The software programs used for this study were Visual SLAM with AweSim to simulate these two cases. The models were constructed with assumptions made about the equipment and system. By using these simulation programs, it allowed the authors to run different scenarios and determine the best scenario for optimal results for these operations
(Upadhyay, et. al., 2013).
IV. A Simulation Model of the Waste Handling System Proposed for the Lihir Project in Papua New Guinea
This paper discusses the simulation model of a proposed truck-shovel mining operation in a volcanic caldera in Papua New Guinea. The Lihir open pit gold mine will model the interaction of the waste handling system that involves haul trucks, shovels, and 14 barges that will determine the barge capacity, number of barges, and loading docks. The loaded haul trucks will place waste in bottom dumping barges then the waste will be discarded 1.5 km off-shore (Jacobsen, et. al., 1995).
Simulating a mining operation has assisted and have become very useful to mining engineers. When this study took place, it is one of the first ones to simulate a proposed mining operation. In the past simulation had been used to study the results when changes were made and/or optimize an existing mining operation. The software used for this study was GPSS/HTM for its ability to quickly program a code for the simulation, capability to model complex systems, and can be modified to study several scenarios to determine the best alternative for the mine operation (Jacobsen, et. al., 1995).
The results from this waste removal were simulated for a time period of one year.
There were two series of simulation that had different constraints. The first series had a max queue of one minute for the trucks at the wharf and in the second series the trucks had to wait for at least 60 minutes at the wharf before traveling to a stockpile. Both series of simulation had different scenarios that varied the following items:
haul trucks: 8 to 15 trucks
barges: 3 to 4
docks: 2 to 3 docks (Jacobsen, et. al., 1995).
Proof AnimationTM software program was used to build the animation of the Lihir
Mine. The animation reinforces the simulation model by the following:
finding errors in the simulation code
dynamic visual display for mining engineers to understand the logic of the mine,
and 15
presentation for others to understand the mining operation (Jacobsen, et. al., 1995).
By combining discrete-event simulation and animation allows the system to be studied for various what-if? scenarios and understand the operation visually. For this study the simulation proved to be a valuable tool that was able to do the following:
optimize equipment sizes, and
optimize equipment requirements (Jacobsen, et. al., 1995).
V. The Use if Simulation in the Lihir Gold Expansion Study
This study was done for the Lihir gold mine located on Lihir Island, New Ireland province, Papua New Guinea. The problem was to evaluate the existing conveying system and determine if it could handle additional ore tonnages from the new processing plant and the effect of various trucking alternatives had to mining system. The mine is always looking for ways to improve the mining operation to increase production in a cost effective manner and highly considering the shareholders. Before implementing any expansion changes to the mine operation, incorporating a simulation model of the mine system allows mining engineers to carry out different scenarios and evaluate its production results. This is an invaluable tool for modelling complex and dynamic mining operations (Etschmann, et. al.,
2006).
The software programs used for this study were Arena® and Extend® and the consultants hired for this project were familiar with these programs. Arena can be used to build an animation model which can assist in making sure the simulation model is correct.
This group of authors came to a conclusion that a simulation model is a powerful tool for the following reasons: 16
in evaluating existing operations, models can be validated against the current
operation
investors can put confidence in a project that has been simulated
real life immediacy when used
quick non-judgmental way of pointing out issues
removes the subjectiveness from some of the tougher discussions
removes emotion out of the decision process – simulation does all the talking
all-fact based – there would be an investigation until an explanation could be found
(Etschmann, et. al., 2006).
The study of the Lihir mine expansion was a success. Complex changes to the mine operation were evaluated before resorting to further review and execution. The following points were also learned from this process:
do not under estimate time involved
data collection should have no time frame – good data takes however long it takes
organizing data – be thorough and take time to make sure it is in the correct format
– this process cannot be done in a hurry, accurate results depend on it
new data format can bring new insight and understanding to the client
every project is different, therefore there are different things learned by the
researchers and concurrently the client has a simulation that is valuable to him that
can assist in making smart decision for the mining operation (Etschmann, et. al.,
2006). 17
2.4 Simulation in Underground Mining
I. Simulation and Animation Model for the Millerton Coal Mine (New Zealand)
A simulation and animation model for the Millerton Coal Mine in New Zealand.
This coal mine is located on the west coast of the South Island. Due to large fires and active fires in the Millerton Pit and coal that is mixed with rock, it is important to know how to handle the contaminated and burnt coal. This simulation model had several objectives:
optimize the size of stockpile areas
determine product coal quality for bulk mining
determine product coal quality for selective mining, and
effect of varying the amount of clean coal quality (O’Connell & Sturgul, 2010).
The following was the process carried out for building the model:
visit to the mine – understand the sequence of operations in the coal mine
preliminary simulation and animation model was constructed
finalizing the simulation model and animation utility based several visits to the
mine (O’Connell & Sturgul, 2010).
The following software programs used for simulation and animation, GPSS/H® and Proof Professional® respectively. GPSS/H was used for its ability to model complex discrete systems and its acceptance for modeling mining operations (O’Connell & Sturgul,
2010). Proof not only provides a visual aid for the simulation, but it is a quintessential tool throughout the process.
The results were as follows:
difference between the bulk and selective mining was great 18
bulk mining takes 3 times more area than selective mining,
average product coal quality was determined, and
tonnes for the CHPP feed (O’Connell & Sturgul, 2010).
These results allowed the mining engineers to determine which of the two would be cost effective, finalize the area where the stockpile would be constructed, and numbers that they can use in mine planning in the future (O’Connell & Sturgul, 2010).
II. The use of discrete event simulation for underground haulage mining equipment selection
This paper’s focus was on how using discrete event simulation can be used for selecting underground haulage equipment. The software used for this simulation was
SimMine. Selecting the appropriate equipment for and underground mining operation is dependent upon several factors and can be divided into two categories, loading and hauling equipment (Salama, et. al., 2002).
Loading Equipment is determined by the following:
size of production
size of openings, and
number of faces in operations (Salama, et. al., 2002).
Hauling equipment is determined by the following:
meeting production requirements, and
compatibility to loading equipment (Salama, et. al. 2002).
A haulage system, both in underground as well as surface mining operations take a huge amount of capital and operating costs (Salama, et. al., 2002). By building a discrete event simulation for equipment selection this can allow for an optimal equipment fleet 19 where being underequipped can result in production losses, or being over equipped can have more detrimental consequences – hindering traffic and wasteful spending (Salama, et. al., 2002).
The simulation looked at production, utilizations, and traffic for the various equipment scenarios. Two different types of hauling units were studied and the rate of production were compared. It was also suggested that the mine layout be modified for an improvement in production.
III. Simulation as a Tool for Mine Planning
The purpose of a simulation is to use it as a tool to solve problems, whether for a conceptual, existing, or proposed plans of a mining operation. A simulation replicates a real-world process or system (Greberg & Sundqvist, 2011). The software program used was SimMine. This simulation was done during the prefeasibility phase of the Cadia East underground project in Australia and it looked at the following:
planning
scheduling of the panel construction, and
ultimately maximizing the distribution of resources (Greberg & Sundqvist, 2011).
Due to the dynamic nature of a mining system, discrete-event system simulation is the modelling of stochastic, dynamic systems. Stochastic simulation and the advent of its use in the mining industry started in 1961 (Rist, 1961). There have been several projects, both underground and surface operations that have implemented simulation as a tool to better comprehend and to make decisions that would affect the system (Greberg &
Sundqvist, 2011). 20
Throughout the simulation process there were several modifications made to reach the production goal. The initial layout of the mine was changed several times which when finalized improved the ventilation design and allowed trucks to work in one area and continue with production when faces were father apart. In addition it was determined that when there were several parallel faces bottlenecks resulted (Greberg & Sundqvist, 2011).
The project team during this whole process had constant communication with the mining group and had an animation to assist in the reliability of the simulation, and this allowed for transparency which gave additional acceptance of this method and the results.
This simulation study resulted to be a beneficial tool for a prefeasibility project (Greberg
& Sundqvist, 2011).
IV. The integration of mine simulation and ventilation simulation to develop a ‘Life-Cycle’ mine ventilation system
Mine regulations through the years have become strict to ensure the quality of the mine environment is safe and sustainable for the miners which in return correlates with efficient and gratified workers (Kocsis, et. al., 2003). The design of a ventilation system is done for the maximum ventilation demand for the underground mining operation which comes towards the end of the design process. Due to the many software programs that facilitate the design of mine from start to finish there is still an inadequacy in the department of ventilation. The researchers in this study used discrete event simulation in conjunction with modeling a ventilation system to calculate the specs for a ‘life of the mine’ ventilation system (Kocsis, et. al., 2003).
A ventilation simulator does the following:
determines airflow distribution throughout a mine 21
determines pressure differentials, and the operating duties of the pressure
generators
provides numerical estimates of a real system (Kocsis, et. al., 2003).
The authors concluded that using intelligent systems, mine process simulators, and mine ventilation software packages will assist ventilation engineers to better understand the mining process and how it interacts with the ventilation system (Kocsis, et. al., 2003).
V. Application of ProModel for the Simulation of Hoists in Underground Mining
Mine simulation for several years now has been an important tool that is used in the decision making process throughout the life of mine. This study presents the use of a discrete event simulation software program called ProModel. The program was used to simulate a hoist system underground at one of the underground mines in Sudbury, Canada.
The hoist shaft is the main thoroughfare for materials and miners. There are three parts to a hoist system:
surface facilities – headframe which stores the motor/sheave wheel
shaft lining – is the infrastructure placed to support the extent of the shaft wall, and
shaft compartments – used for utilities (water, power, air, and diesel), and
emergency exit (Vayenas & Wu, 2009).
To build the simulation for this project the following was needed:
typical underground hoist system information from this region was collected, and
assumptions were made (e.g. length of hoist, number of cages, number of skips,
skip capacity, double drum hoist motor specs, etc.) (Vayenas & Wu, 2009). 22
The results from this simulation proved to be beneficial for the study of this underground mining hoist system. The duration of the simulation was done for 10 hours and demonstrated how ProModel can be used to study an underground hoist system (e.g. total traveling time, total traveling time loaded, total loading time, total dumping time, total waiting time, and total ore transported) (Vayenas & Wu, 2009).
23
Chapter 3. Simulation and Animation
3.1 Discrete-Event Simulation
“Discrete-event simulation is a modelling technique that is widely used to model complex systems” (Price, 2014). As aforementioned, discrete-event simulation has been used extensively in other industries such as:
manufacturing
service providers (banks, barbershops, fueling stations, DMV, etc.)
warehouse distribution
cashier checkout lanes (market, department stores, etc.)
airports
mines, etc. (Tarshizi, 2014).
Discrete-event simulation has the capability of modelling an actual complex system operation over time. The advantages of using this method lends itself to dynamic systems and the use of stochastic variables (Price, 2014). The following are a few examples of stochastic (random) variables:
travel time: from point A to point B
load time: dependent on shovel operator experience and material being loaded
delays: breaks, blasting, breakdowns, dispatch assignation, etc. (Price, 2014).
Figure 3.1 lays out a discrete-event system model classification (Price, 2014). 24
Figure 3.1: System Model Classification (Price, 2014)
3.2 GPSS/H® and PROOF Professional®
“Numerous varieties of simulation models exist and two important distinctions are normally made: the model’s method of updating time (discrete or continuous) and the nature of the model’s outcome (deterministic or probabilistic). … There has been great progress in the development of simulation languages with most languages oriented toward discrete events and probabilistic outcomes” (Mutmansky & Mwasinga, 1988).
The simulation programming language used for Marigold’s model was GPSS/H®.
GPSS/H® provides the following features:
conceptual flexibility to model different types of systems
a process flow system that has objects and resources interacting can be modeled 25
specification flexibility
basic simulation output data is provided each time the model is run
gathered statistics can be written to an output file (e.g. excel) (Henriksen & Crain,
2000).
Figure 3.2: Example of Input Parameters of Marigold’s Simulation
26
Figure 3.3: Example of Marigold’s Simulation Output
The animation program used for the model was Proof Professional®. Proof
Professional® has the following features:
exploits all available virtual memory for animating large systems
realistic motion for animations
has a built-in CAD import/export feature (Henriksen, 2000). 27
Discussion and snapshot of the preliminary and final animation model are found in Chapter
4.
3.3 Simulation Model Process
“Put simply, when done well, simulation modelling provides a quantitative and rational process to enhance the knowledge and insight to make informed decisions,”
(Hoare, 2007).
Figure 3.4 shows the process followed in the construction of Marigold’s simulation model.
All these stages were completed by July 2014.
MINE VISIT/ LOGIC OF MINE OPERATION
DEVELOPMENT OF •TIME STUDIES: TRAVEL/LOADING PRELIMINARY TIMES ETC., DISTRIBUTIONS MODEL
DISCUSSION & REVIEW W/ MINE ENGINEERS
DEVELOPMENT •ADDITIONAL TIME STUDIES: OF SECOND TRAVEL/LOADING TIMES, ETC., MODEL DISTRIBUTION
ACTUAL DATA FILES ARE IMPLEMENTED
PRESENTATION OF SIMULATION & ANIMATION
FINALIZE SIMULATION MODEL
Figure 3.4: Procedure for Mine System Simulation & Animation Model for Marigold Mine 28
The following is a more in depth explanation of what occurred during this process. I. Summer and Fall 2013 When this research project was started, Marigold Mine was owned by Goldcorp and
Barrick. Marigold Mine during this time was operating two pits, the Target Pit and the start of
Mackay Pit, two dumps, the Basalt and Upper Trout Creek, and a leach pad. Operation observations were a part of the research work, which were during the summer. The current mine layout and operation was evaluated and key intersection points were assigned a number to be able to collect time data for the haul segment between two points. These times were used to accommodate the stochastic nature of the model. Additional times that were collected at this time were loading times for the different excavators and loaders at the different open pits, spotting times at each loading unit, dumping times at waste dumps and leach pad, and spotting times at these locations as well.
This round of collecting times included 4 days of haul trucks times, and 4 days of loading and spotting times at Target and Mackay Pit. Table 3.1 and Table 3.2 are samples of time study worksheet used for haul truck and loading times respectively. During the summer, Marigold started the building of their new P&H 4100 Electric shovel which was scheduled to be in production sometime in the Fall of 2013. 29
N O T E S **when no arrive time - truck went arrive no **when straight to spotting wtc wtc wtc wtc mechanic check switched truck & sidesroom, no - narrow in chord ESthe middle power got stuckbed 0.79 0.86 0.60 0.96 0.58 0.60 1.05 0.83 0.76 0.55 Time (min) 00:48 00:51 00:36 00:57 00:35 00:36 01:03 00:50 00:46 00:33 Dump Leave 7:24:38 7:45:23 8:07:41 8:58:23 9:21:08 9:53:51 10:54:45 11:29:14 11:53:10 12:16:58 0.59 0.60 0.52 0.78 1.00 0.51 1.04 0.51 0.56 0.51 Spot Time (min) 0:00:35 0:00:36 0:00:31 0:00:47 0:01:00 0:00:31 0:01:03 0:00:31 0:00:34 0:00:31 End Dump/ 7:23:50 7:44:32 8:07:05 8:57:26 9:20:34 9:53:15 10:53:42 11:28:25 11:52:25 12:16:24 Spotting D U M P Spot Start Truck 7:23:15 7:43:56 8:06:34 8:56:39 9:19:34 9:52:44 10:52:39 11:27:54 11:51:51 12:15:54 343 340 343 343 343 340 343 340 Unit Load
ex343
2.03 1.38 5.95 1.88 1.21 1.93 5.36 2.15 3.59 (min) lv-1st 02:02 01:23 05:57 01:53 01:13 01:56 05:22 02:09 03:35 Loading Leave 7:32:25 7:55:12 8:44:35 9:08:34 9:41:21 10:41:01 11:16:00 11:40:34 12:03:31 0.86 1.49 0.71 1.30 1.84 1.38 1.63 2.03 0.47 Spot Time (min) 0:00:52 0:00:16 0:01:14 0:01:30 0:00:43 0:00:46 0:00:31 0:01:18 0:01:08 0:00:12 0:00:30 0:01:50 0:01:23 0:00:44 0:00:34 0:00:16 0:00:04 0:01:38 0:01:27 0:00:35 0:02:02 0:00:28 Time 7:30:23 7:53:49 8:38:38 9:06:42 9:40:08 1st Bukt 1st 10:39:05 11:10:38 11:38:25 11:59:56 End Spot Truck 7:30:23 7:51:18 7:53:49 8:38:38 9:05:00 9:05:49 9:35:26 9:39:22 9:40:08 L O A D
10:39:05 11:03:20 11:04:16 11:05:06 11:05:25 11:37:10 11:37:56 11:59:56 Study Worksheet Sample Study
Spot
Truck 7:29:31 7:51:03 7:52:35 8:37:55 9:04:14 9:05:18 9:34:18 9:39:10 9:39:38
10:37:42 11:02:36 11:03:42 11:04:49 11:05:22 11:35:44 11:37:21 11:59:28
time Time Arrive/ 7:29:31 7:50:19 8:37:55 9:04:02 9:32:29 10:27:38 11:00:18 11:35:11 11:59:28 Lime Silo seg 2.08 1.84 2.17 2.26 2.26 2.33 2.20 2.52 2.19 1.44 20--10 02:05 01:51 02:10 02:16 02:16 02:20 02:12 02:31 02:12 01:26 dump,e seg 3.80 3.91 3.80 3.93 3.69 3.86 3.75 3.81 3.68 3.78 03:48 03:55 03:48 03:56 03:41 03:52 03:45 03:48 03:41 03:47 10--20 dump,f seg mp,f 4.30 4.25 4.85 4.10 04:18 04:15 04:51 04:06 8b--8a seg 3.35 1.83 3.94 mp,e 03:21 01:50 03:56 8A--8B seg 5--7 mp,f 4.10 4.31 4.59 4.11 5.19
04:06 04:19 04:35 04:06 05:12 Table 3.1: Haul Truck Haul 3.1: Table seg 7--5 1.55 1.77 1.35 2.18 2.18 2.85 mp,e 01:33 01:46 01:21 02:11 02:11 02:51 0.40 3.43 2.02 0.54 3.99 0.31 0.40 1.27 0.23 8.51 0.68 2.62 2.07 0.57 3.81 0.33 0.43 1.31 0.64 0.64 2.67 1.97 0.54 3.78 0.39 0.40 1.12 0.40 0.51 0.75 0.66 0.96 0.66 2.63 2.15 0.57 4.41 0.34 0.46 1.13 0.43 0.68 2.52 1.96 0.53 4.16 3.51 0.40 0.48 1.13 0.51 0.48 3.44 2.09 0.53 3.80 0.40 0.48 1.26 0.24 0.47 3.58 2.07 0.58 4.64 0.35 0.40 1.18 0.23 0.44 3.51 2.12 0.50 4.23 0.38 0.44 1.24 0.43 0.40 3.49 2.04 0.56 3.86 0.36 0.40 1.26 0.31 0.51 3.40 2.03 0.54 2.95 0.33 0.43 1.17 Time 10.27 20.31 14.86 10.47 16.41 28.84 18.33 21.79 10.83 11.27 decimal HaulSeg. Seg. Time Haul 0:00:24 0:03:26 0:02:01 0:00:32 0:03:59 0:00:19 0:00:24 0:01:16 0:00:14 0:08:30 0:00:41 0:02:37 0:02:04 0:00:34 0:03:48 0:00:20 0:00:26 0:01:19 0:00:39 0:10:16 0:00:38 0:02:40 0:01:58 0:00:33 0:03:47 0:00:23 0:00:24 0:01:07 0:00:24 0:00:30 0:00:45 0:20:18 0:00:39 0:00:58 0:14:52 0:00:40 0:02:38 0:02:09 0:00:34 0:04:25 0:00:20 0:00:27 0:01:08 0:00:26 0:10:28 0:00:41 0:02:31 0:01:57 0:00:32 0:04:09 0:03:31 0:00:24 0:00:29 0:01:08 0:00:30 0:16:25 0:00:29 0:03:26 0:02:05 0:00:32 0:03:48 0:28:50 0:00:24 0:00:29 0:01:16 0:00:14 0:18:20 0:00:28 0:03:35 0:02:04 0:00:35 0:04:38 0:00:21 0:00:24 0:01:11 0:00:14 0:21:48 0:00:26 0:03:30 0:02:07 0:00:30 0:04:14 0:00:23 0:00:26 0:01:15 0:00:26 0:10:50 0:00:24 0:03:30 0:02:02 0:00:33 0:03:51 0:00:21 0:00:24 0:01:15 0:00:19 0:11:16 0:00:31 0:03:24 0:02:02 0:00:32 0:02:57 0:00:20 0:00:26 0:01:10 7 7 5 8 7 5 8 8 6 6 8 8 8 8 5 7 7 5 5 7 7 5 5 7 7 5 5 7 7 5 5 7 7 10 20 21 21 20 10 8a 10 20 21 21 20 10 8a 10 20 21 21 20 10 8a 8a 8a 10 20 21 21 20 10 8a 8a 10 20 21 21 20 10 8a 10 20 21 21 20 10 10 20 21 21 20 10 10 20 21 21 20 10 10 20 21 21 20 10 10 20 21 21 20 10 Pt. sfb lvfb End 21br 21br ======5 7 7 5 8 7 5 8 8 6 6 8 8 8 8 5 7 7 5 5 7 7 5 5 7 7 5 5 7 7 5 5 7 10 20 21 21 20 10 8a 10 20 21 21 20 10 8a 10 20 21 21 20 10 8a 8a 8a 10 20 21 21 20 10 8a 8a 10 20 21 21 20 10 8a 10 20 21 21 20 10 10 20 21 21 20 10 10 20 21 21 20 10 10 20 21 21 20 10 10 20 21 21 20 10 St. Pt. sfb lvfb 21br 21br note: use ctrl-z to insert date/time value Time 7:15:37 7:16:01 7:19:27 7:21:28 7:22:00 7:26:00 7:26:18 7:26:43 7:27:59 7:28:13 7:36:43 7:37:24 7:40:02 7:42:05 7:42:40 7:46:28 7:46:48 7:47:14 7:48:32 7:49:11 7:59:27 8:00:05 8:02:46 8:04:44 8:05:17 8:09:03 8:09:27 8:09:51 8:10:59 8:11:23 8:11:53 8:12:39 8:32:57 8:33:36 8:34:34 8:49:26 8:50:05 8:52:43 8:54:52 8:55:27 8:59:51 9:00:11 9:00:39 9:01:46 9:02:12 9:12:40 9:13:21 9:15:52 9:17:50 9:18:22 9:22:31 9:26:02 9:26:26 9:26:55 9:28:03 9:28:33 9:44:58 9:45:26 9:48:53 9:50:58 9:51:30 9:55:18 10:24:09 10:24:33 10:25:01 10:26:17 10:26:31 10:44:51 10:45:19 10:48:54 10:50:58 10:51:33 10:56:11 10:56:32 10:56:56 10:58:07 10:58:21 11:20:09 11:20:35 11:24:06 11:26:13 11:26:43 11:30:56 11:31:19 11:31:45 11:33:00 11:33:26 11:44:16 11:44:40 11:48:10 11:50:12 11:50:46 11:54:37 11:54:58 11:55:22 11:56:37 11:56:56 12:08:12 12:08:43 12:12:07 12:14:09 12:14:41 12:17:38 12:17:58 12:18:24 Start/End Intrsctn/Pt M a r I g o l d T I m e S t u d y W o r k S h e e t 5 7 7 5 8 7 5 8 8 6 6 8 8 8 8 5 7 7 5 5 7 7 5 5 7 7 5 5 7 7 5 5 7 10 20 21 21 20 10 8a 10 20 21 21 20 10 8a 10 20 21 21 20 10 8a 8a 8a 10 20 21 21 20 10 8a 8a 10 20 21 21 20 10 8a 10 20 21 21 20 10 10 20 21 21 20 10 10 20 21 21 20 10 10 20 21 21 20 10 10 20 21 21 20 10 sfb lvfb 21br 21br Point/ 5/22/14 Intrsctn/ Start/End Mackay Pit New Trout Creek/Leach Pad Cell 18Z3 EX340 & EX343 - Hitachi HT741 Conk Conk H A U L S E G M E N T S ID Truck HT 471 HT Date Loading Site Dump Site Shovel Truck: Operator: **dry road - water conditions for dust truck 30
Marigold Time Study Work Sheet Date 21-Aug-13 note: use ctrl-z to insert date/time value Loading Site mackay pit Shovel EX341 Loader LD337 L O A D I n g Shovel/ Truck Spot Spot Spot Spot Time Leave Load Load NOTES Loader ID Truck Truck Time Time 1st Time Time End (min) Dec Bucket (min) Dec shovel hit 13:37:41 13:42:09 04:28 4.47 shovel loading onboth sides shovel hit 13:40:46 13:41:30 0:00:44 0.73 13:42:09 13:46:01 03:52 3.87 loader koma 13:42:43 13:43:28 0:00:45 0.76 13:43:28 13:50:01 06:33 6.55 when no end spot time given, loader ready shovel hit 13:42:18 13:43:14 0:00:56 0.94 13:46:36 13:51:14 04:38 4.64 therefore end spot time = 1st bucket/ loader hit 13:50:10 13:50:47 0:00:37 0.61 13:50:47 13:56:19 05:31 5.52 start of loading time shovel koma 13:52:05 13:52:34 0:00:30 0.50 13:52:34 13:56:55 04:21 4.35 break @ 2:00 pm & ends 2:30 pm shovel hit 13:57:07 13:57:39 0:00:32 0.53 13:57:39 14:01:44 04:05 4.08 loader koma 14:29:44 14:30:24 0:00:40 0.67 14:30:24 14:36:46 06:22 6.37 shovel hit 14:33:46 14:34:43 0:00:57 0.96 14:34:43 14:38:14 03:31 3.51 shovel hit 14:34:35 14:35:50 0:01:15 1.25 14:38:43 14:42:29 03:47 3.78 loader hit 14:37:08 14:37:42 0:00:34 0.56 14:37:42 14:46:20 08:38 8.64 shovel koma 14:38:28 14:39:26 0:00:58 0.97 14:43:00 14:47:06 04:07 4.11 shovel hit 14:43:08 14:45:01 0:01:53 1.88 14:47:23 14:50:56 03:33 3.55 loader koma 14:47:31 14:48:01 0:00:31 0.51 14:48:01 14:54:22 06:20 6.34 shovel koma 14:48:50 14:49:42 0:00:52 0.87 14:50:56 14:55:31 04:35 4.58 shovel koma 14:52:13 14:53:49 0:01:36 1.59 14:56:10 14:59:37 03:28 3.46 loader hit 14:54:36 14:55:11 0:00:36 0.59 14:55:11 15:02:43 07:31 7.52 shovel hit 14:56:54 14:57:59 0:01:05 1.08 15:00:01 15:03:57 03:57 3.95 loader koma 15:02:59 15:04:26 0:01:28 1.46 15:04:26 15:11:07 06:41 6.68 shovel hit 15:02:54 15:03:24 0:00:30 0.50 15:04:28 15:08:02 03:34 3.56 shovel koma 15:07:11 15:07:54 0:00:43 0.72 15:08:47 15:12:34 03:47 3.78 shovel koma 15:10:43 15:11:22 0:00:39 0.65 15:13:04 15:16:37 03:33 3.55 loader koma 15:13:07 15:13:34 0:00:27 0.45 15:13:34 15:19:20 05:46 5.77 shive hit 15:18:44 15:19:33 0:00:49 0.82 15:19:33 15:24:40 05:07 5.12 loader koma 15:19:27 15:20:00 0:00:33 0.56 15:20:00 15:25:08 05:08 5.13 sjovel koma 15:24:45 15:25:28 0:00:43 0.71 15:25:28 15:29:42 04:13 4.22 shovel koma 15:27:26 15:28:09 0:00:43 0.72 15:30:24 15:34:23 03:58 3.97 shovel hit 15:31:28 15:33:29 0:02:01 2.01 15:34:53 15:38:53 04:01 4.01 loader hit 15:31:51 15:32:38 0:00:48 0.79 15:32:38 15:37:51 05:13 5.22 shivel koma 15:36:56 15:37:34 0:00:38 0.63 15:39:28 15:43:26 03:58 3.97 loader hit 15:38:03 15:39:21 0:01:18 1.29 15:39:21 15:45:08 05:47 5.78 shivel koma 15:39:34 15:40:26 0:00:52 0.87 15:43:57 15:48:03 04:06 4.10 shovel koma 15:44:01 15:44:54 0:00:53 0.89 15:48:33 15:52:49 04:15 4.25 loader hit 15:45:23 15:46:56 0:01:34 1.56 15:46:56 15:53:14 06:18 6.30
Table 3.2: Shovel Loading Time Study Worksheet Sample
31
A preliminary computer simulation model was done for Target Pit and Mackay Pit at
Marigold Mine using presumed data. It was designed, modeled, and programmed using the simulation language GPSS/H® and PROOF Professional® software for the animation. In addition to the programming work, several hours were spent with Marigold’s mine engineers and dispatch individuals to understand the logic of these operations. Approximately, 1000 lines of GPSS/H code for these two pits were developed.
II. Winter break & Spring 2014: Further data (truck travel, spot, load, and dump times) were acquired to conduct more time studies for the simulation project. After two days of getting reacquainted with the mine, five days were spent collecting haul truck data, and two days in the pits. Mackay Pit had an additional entrance, the new P&H 4100 Electric shovel was in production, and West Trout Creek was the new dumping location. Silver Standard became the new owner of Marigold Mine in April 2014. During this time the merging of the two collected data sets was completed and analyzed. After reevaluating the merged data, it was determined that additional time data was needed.
III. Summer 2014 Mining operations are dynamic and are forever changing. The second entrance in Mackay
Pit was fully completed, Target Pit was no longer in production, and West Trout Creek Dump broke into two – Lower Trout Creek became the second branch. Two weeks were spent collecting additional time data which was merged to the latest data set to give a final collection of times that included Summer of 2013 to Summer of 2014, and time studies and analysis were completed at this time. The main focus of this stage was to incorporate the DISPATCH logic in the mine and implement this into the simulation model for the time period of May 27 – June 16, 2014.
Programming (stage-2) was also done for Marigold at this time. The logic of Marigold was reviewed with the mining and dispatch engineers to confirm that the correct logic/operation was used in the simulation model. Data validation was completed at this time. 32
IV. Fall 2014
During this time, several case studies that involved maximum production with different haul truck combinations and a range of the number of haul trucks in a fleet.
3.4 Calibration and Validation of Simulation Model
The time period studied for the calibration and validation was done from March 27, 2014 to June 16, 2014. Tables 3.3 to 3.5 have the breakdowns of actual production done at Marigold
Mine by pit, by shovel, by haul truck type per shovel, then by material loaded by shovel to dumping location for said time period.
Note that the level of accuracy depends on data given from the mining company. Therefore the accuracy of the simulator is only as good as the actual data used. Marigold bases there actual production by using the standard haul truck load per haul truck type (e.g. CAT789C = 190 tons,
Komatsu 930E = 320 tons, and Hitachi EH5000AC = 320 tons), therefore eliminating the
DISPATCH weightometer information that is recorded per haul truck load. Table 3.6 compares
Marigold’s actual production numbers in number of loads vs. the simulation results for the time period of March 27, 2014 to June 16, 2014 (162 shifts). Comparing what each loader did for the same time period, the difference for the mine total is 0.5%. Evaluating what each dumping location did, the difference between the actual numbers and simulation are around 1%. In conclusion, the simulation model is very accurate and replicates what the actual mining operation did in 81 days in
2014.
33
Description Tonnages % Loads % Tot.Prod. 16,498,280 100.0% 57,470 100.0% Mackay Pit 12,169,550 73.8% 40,864 71.1% Terry Zone 4,328,730 26.2% 16,606 28.9% Prod. @ MP 12,169,360 100.0% 40,864 100.0% P&H 8,879,700 73.0% 29,600 72.4% EX340/341 3,289,660 27.0% 11,264 27.6% Prod. @ P&H 8,879,700 100.0% 29,600 100.0% CAT (HT447-457) - 0.0% - 0.0% HITACHI (HT470-481) 4,745,100 53.4% 15,817 53.4% KOMATSU (HT482-487) 4,134,600 46.6% 13,782 46.6% Prod. @ EX340/341 3,289,660 100.0% 11,264 100.0% CAT (HT447-457) 154,660 4.7% 814 7.2% HITACHI (HT470-481) 1,775,700 54.0% 5,919 52.5% KOMATSU (HT482-487) 1,359,300 41.3% 4,531 40.2% Prod. @ P&H 8,625,600 100.0% 28,752 100.0% Leach Pad 1,051,500 12.2% 3,505 12.2% Upper TCW Dump 900 0.0% 3 0.0% West Trout Creek Dump 7,573,200 87.8% 25,244 87.8% Prod. @ 340/341 3,225,530 100.0% 11,044 100.0% Leach Pad 282,860 8.8% 948 8.6% Upper TCW Dump 1,200 0.0% 4 0.0% West Trout Creek Dump 2,941,470 91.2% 10,092 91.4%
Table 3.3: Marigold’s Actual Production Breakdown (3/27/14 to 6/16/14) 34
Table 3.4: P&H Actual Production Breakdown at Mackay Pit (3/27/14 to 6/16/14) 35
Table 3.5: EX340/341 Actual Production Breakdown at Mackay Pit (3/27/14 to 6/16/14)
36
Description Marigold Simulation % difference (# of loads) (# of loads) Mackay Pit – production 39,796 40,014 -0.5% Mackay Pit – 28,752 28,836 -0.2% P&H 4100 Electric Shovel/ EX343 Mackay Pit – 11,044 11,178 -1.1% Loader 1/Hitachi Excavator/ EX340/341 West Trout Creek 35,336 35,640 -0.8% Upper Trout Creek 7 7 0 Leach Pad 4,453 4,374 1.7%
Table 3.6: Marigold’s Actual Production vs. Simulation Results (3/27/14 to 6/16/14)
-
37
Chapter 4. Marigold Mine Simulation and Animation Model in Nevada
4.1 Description – Marigold Mine
Marigold Mine is an open pit gold mine. It is a 24/7 mining operation that has a day shift and a night shift, both 12 hours long. In a 12 hour shift, the haul truck drivers have two-30 minute breaks, and blasting occurs at two pm every day. Their administration office, mining department (engineering and land surveying), geological department, processing department, assay lab, and environmental department work a 10 hour day for four days with a few rotating duties on the weekend.
Talking to the mining engineers and through observation the logic of the mine is as follows:
haul trucks are loaded at Mackay Pit
waste material is taken to either Upper Trout Creek or West Trout Creek
or ore was taken to the leach pad
trucks unload, and
then return to Mackay Pit to their dispatch assigned shovel.
The highlight recently was the integration of a new P&H 4100 Electric shovel on
November 2013. This shovel is used in high production mines and has a nominal capacity of 120 tons. Please note the following:
CAT 789C haul trucks are not loaded by the P&H shovel due to the truck being
under capacity
Hitachi shovels can load all three types of haul trucks
both shovels use double sided loading 38
only one truck can dump at a time in all three dumping areas.
Marigold uses the DISPATCH® system by Modular. This system allows open pit mines to manage their haul truck fleet by maximizing production, maximizing efficiency, and concurrently improving safety and control (Modular Mining Systems, Inc., 2015). One of the tasks it is able to do is shovel designation. This is done after a haul truck is been unloaded, but there are two points before they reach the pit where they can be reassigned to a different shovel or pit. The dispatch system looks at the number of trucks at each loader, estimated wait and load time, and takes into account the travel time from the dumping point/reassignment point to the excavator.
It was important to the mining department to incorporate the new high capacity shovel in the simulation. The following is the existing haulage fleet:
• (3) Excavators:
- (1) P&H 4100 Electric shovel
- (2) Hitachi EX5500
(1) Loader:
- (1) Komatsu WA 1200 (used as needed)
(21) Haul trucks:
- (10) Hitachi EH5000AC
- (8) Komatsu 930E
- (3) CAT 789C (used as needed). 39
To ensure that the simulation model had an adequate amount of data there were several visits to the mine in a period of a year for this research project. The following is a timeline and highlights of work done:
Summer 2013:
- logic of the mine
- built mine layout (Proof Professional®)
- collected times for haul trucks, loading, and dumping
- preliminary simulation model (GPSS/H®)
Fall 2013:
- analyzing and organizing data
Winter break 2014:
- new P&H 4100 Electric shovel is in production
- collected additional times for haul trucks, loading, and dumping
Spring 2014:
- compiling, analyzing, and organizing data
- visit with Marigold mining engineers (April)
Summer 2014:
- visit with Marigold mining engineers
- collected additional times for haul trucks, loading, and dumping
- collected actual data from dispatch engineer
- finalized data analysis
- calibrated and validated simulation code 40
- finalized simulation code and animation
- phase I Marigold report was submitted
Fall 2014:
- case studies
4.2 Data Collection
“Mine time studies and performance statistics give a large number of variables that are of interest to the designer or analyst. By having a representative probabilistic distribution of each stochastic element in the system, and using this in the simulation model, enables the representation of a real-world situation to a very high degree of accuracy” (Raj & Vardhan, 2009).
The simulation and animation program model of Marigold Mine depicts the mining operation during the period from March 27, 2014 to June 16, 2014. As mentioned before, a mining operation is dynamic and Marigold is no exception. The focus for this simulation was on Mackay Pit, where there were two shovels in operation – the Hitachi 5500 shovel and the P&H 4100 Electric shovel, and all three truck types were used.
Several visits were made to the mine where collection of field observation data was done. After all the data was compiled the data analysis was finalized. Table 4.1 shows a sample of Hitachi loading times for the P&H 4100 Electric shovel and Hitachi haul truck spot times when at the P&H 4100 Electric shovel. Figure 4.1 and Figure 4.2 are histograms of said variables. 41
EX343 Spot BIN Load BIN Time Time (min) (min) 0.22 0.20 0.62 0.60 0.32 0.70 1.21 1.40 0.33 1.20 1.23 2.20 0.35 1.70 1.23 3.00 0.41 2.20 1.24 3.80 0.42 1.26 4.60 0.42 1.27 5.40 0.43 1.28 6.20 0.44 1.30 0.44 1.30 0.46 1.32 0.46 1.32 0.48 1.33 0.48 1.33 0.49 1.33 0.50 1.34 0.52 1.34 0.52 1.35 0.52 1.35 0.53 1.36 0.53 1.38 0.55 1.38 0.55 1.38 0.58 1.39 0.58 1.40
Table 4.1: Spot and Loading times at the P&H Electric Shovel 42
Histogram 40 100% 35 80% 30 25 60% 20
15 40% FREQUENCY 10 20% 5 0 0% 0.2 0.7 1.2 1.7 2.2 2.7 3.2 More BIN
Frequency Cumulative %
Figure 4.1: Hitachi Haul Truck Spotting Time at the P&H Electric Shovel
Histogram 45 100% 40 35 80% 30 60% 25 20 40%
FREQUENCY 15 10 20% 5 0 0% 0.6 1.4 2.2 3.0 3.8 4.6 5.4 6.2 More BIN
Frequency Cumulative %
Figure 4.2: P&H Electric Shovel Loading Time at the P&H Electric Shovel 43
4.3 Preliminary Model
In Marigold’s preliminary simulation model, the following items were determined for the period of time studied:
number of loads per truck type (CAT, Hitachi, & Komatsu) per loader (Hitachi
& P&H) at Mackay Pit
production (tons) per truck type (CAT, Hitachi, & Komatsu) per loader (Hitachi
& P&H) at Mackay Pit
queue size at each loader
loader’s utilization
average truck times (Spot & load) per loader
truck cycle times (Average and cycle time for last truck)
number of dumps, and tonnage at leach pad
number of dumps, and tonnage at waste dumps
The model consists of several separate paths for travel per three haul truck types when loaded and empty and each of these types of segments has a separate normal distribution for the travel time. Loading and spotting were modeled using a normal distribution and breakdowns were modeled using an exponential distribution.
The mine layout includes both Target Pit and Mackay Pit, two dump locations – Basalt and
Upper Trout Creek, and the leach pad drawn using Proof Professional® for the animation model to display and debug the simulation program (See Figure 4.3). The animation of this simulation model has been designed to run and verify the program and confirm that the simulation works correctly.
44
Mine Figure 4.3: Preliminary Proof Professional® Animation Model of Marigold of Animation Model Proof Professional® Preliminary 4.3: Figure
45
On the screen of the animation it displays the total production for the time period chosen (per loader and per truck type in number of loads and tonnages), loader utilization, average cycle per dump and last cycle time for last truck per dump area, number of loads and tonnages per dump area, and a clock that shows the simulation time in minutes, hours, days and weeks. Figure 4.4 is a close-up of Mackay Pit’s loading area with all the items that are calculated during the simulation.
Figure 4.4: Proof Professional® Zoomed-In Window of Loading Area in Mackay Pit
4.4 Final Model
Approximately 1350 lines of computer code was developed and written for Marigold’s
Mine simulation model. In this model there is one pit in production – Mackay Pit, with three different types of haul trucks – CAT789C, Hitachi EH5000, and Komatsu 930E, and two loaders – 46 the P&H 4100 Electric shovel and a Hitachi EX5500 Shovel. Figure 4.5 is the final simulation and
animation model of Marigold Mine.
Figure 4.5: Final Simulation and Animation Model of Marigold Mine Marigold of Model Animation Simulation and 4.5: Final Figure
47
Chapter 5. Case Studies
“The key to maximizing production is to understand the causes and effects the inherent variability has on component performance, sub process performance and most importantly, the total integrated system performance” (Hoare, 2007).
The purpose of a simulation model is to be used as a beneficial tool where the mining operation can compare and analyze different scenarios before implementing them in real life. Once again, the level of accuracy depends on the information used, actual data, given or collected from the mining operation for the simulator. For these case studies production was the focus with a production goal of 102 ktons in a shift which is the ktons/shift for the actual data received by the mine for period studied. Knowing that the production goal is reached in Mackay Pit per case study, this will assist the mine engineers in allocating equipment in other areas of interest, preventative maintenance, purchasing new equipment, etc. Actual production that is most desirable depends on the mining company’s goals such as:
ore grade
recovery
price of gold
corporate goals (e.g. stay in business), etc.
The following were the areas studied for Marigold’s mining operation: 48
evaluating existing haul truck fleet in different combinations when there are
different haul truck types
evaluating production when eliminating the smaller capacity haul truck from
the fleet
evaluating production when new haul truck equipment is being considered
evaluating production when one electric shovel is operating in the pit
production Goal = 102 ktons/shift per case study
cost per kton when goal production was reached
Before one starts to use this system, goals need to be set in place to direct the use of the simulator. This system allows the mining engineer compare results for the following when different variables are varied:
certain haul truck type
effective hours
combinations of different haul truck types
5.1 Case Study #1: Production vs. Existing Haul Truck Fleet
The mine has a haul truck fleet that consists of:
10 Hitachi EH5000AC
8 Komatsu 930E, and
3 CAT789C trucks.
The mine ideally would like to use all their haul trucks in the pit, but this is not the case in the actual operation – trucks may not be in use due to preventative maintenance, break 49 downs, and there may be other areas of the mine where one or a few haul trucks may be needed. In this case study the existing haul truck fleet was evaluated. Several combinations were considered per total number of haul trucks to determine the maximum production.
This case study serves as a reference point for the other what-if case studies since this is an actual scenario. The shovels in operation were the Hitachi EX5500 and P&H 4100 Electric shovel. For this simulation, double side loading is considered for both of these shovels in
Mackay Pit. The inputs for the simulation: shifts = 360, and effective hours = 7. Table 5.1 shows the different truck combinations with the simulation results for tonnage. 50
101
106
110
115
89.6
95.3
TNG
(KTONS)
TRUCK
COMB. C3 COMB.
C=1,K=8,H=5
C=1,K=8,H=6
C=1,K=8,H=7
C=1,K=8,H=8
C=1,K=8,H=9
C=1,K=8,H=10
103
108
112
86.4
92.2
97.6
TNG
(KTONS)
TRUCK
COMB. C2 COMB.
C=3,K=6,H=5
C=3,K=6,H=6
C=3,K=6,H=7
C=3,K=6,H=8
C=3,K=6,H=9
C=3,K=6,H=10
103
108
112
86.4
92.1
97.7
TNG
(KTONS)
TRUCK
COMB. C1 COMB.
C=3,K=3,H=8
C=3,K=4,H=8
C=3,K=5,H=8
C=3,K=6,H=8
C=3,K=7,H=8
C=3,K=8,H=8
104
109
114
117
93.7
99.0
TNG
(KTONS)
TRUCK
COMB. B3 COMB.
C=2,K=8,H=5
C=2,K=8,H=6
C=2,K=8,H=7
C=2,K=8,H=8
C=2,K=8,H=9
C=2,K=8,H=10
103
108
112
116
92.2
97.6
TNG
SimulationResults
(KTONS)
-
TRUCK
COMB. B2 COMB.
C=3,K=7,H=5
C=3,K=7,H=6
C=3,K=7,H=7
C=3,K=7,H=8
C=3,K=7,H=9
C=3,K=7,H=10
103
108
112
116
92.2
97.6
TNG
(KTONS)
TRUCK
COMB. B1 COMB.
C=3,K=3,H=9
C=3,K=4,H=9
C=3,K=5,H=9
C=3,K=6,H=9
C=3,K=7,H=9
C=3,K=8,H=9
ble 5.1: Case Study #1 Study Case 5.1: ble
Ta
103
108
112
116
119
97.6
TNG
(KTONS)
T O N N A G E ( K T O N S ) S N O T K ( E G A N N O T
C = # OF CAT HAUL TRUCKS, K = # OF KOMATSU HAUL TRUCKS, H = # OF HITACHI HAUL TRUCKS HAUL HITACHI OF # = H TRUCKS, HAUL KOMATSU OF # = K TRUCKS, HAUL CAT OF # = C
TRUCK
COMB. A3 COMB.
C=3,K=8,H=5
C=3,K=8,H=6
C=3,K=8,H=7
C=3,K=8,H=8
C=3,K=8,H=9
C=3,K=8,H=10
103
108
112
116
119
97.6
TNG
(KTONS)
TRUCK
COMB. A2 COMB.
C=3,K=8,H=5
C=3,K=8,H=6
C=3,K=8,H=7
C=3,K=8,H=8
C=3,K=8,H=9
C=3,K=8,H=10
103
108
112
116
119
97.7
TNG
(KTONS)
TRUCK
COMB. A1 COMB.
C=3,K=3,H=10
C=3,K=4,H=10
C=3,K=5,H=10
C=3,K=6,H=10
C=3,K=7,H=10
C=3,K=8,H=10
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21 # OF # TRUCKS 51
Note that the production numbers increase when the number of CAT haul trucks decrease in Table 5.1. The reason for an increase in production when using less CAT haul trucks would be that the larger haul trucks have greater capacity even though their haul cycle time would be slightly longer than that of a CAT haul truck.
5.2 Case Study #2: Maximum Production vs. Truck Allocation
The mine ideally would like to use all their haul trucks in the pit, but this is not the case in the actual operation – trucks may not be in use due to preventative maintenance, break downs, and there may be other areas of the mine where one or a few haul trucks may be needed. For this case study, CAT trucks were removed and the focus was on the remaining haul trucks (Hitachi and Komatsu) and reaching goal production. Several different combinations of Hitachi and Komatsu trucks were used until all were used, a
Hitachi EX5500 shovel, and the P&H 4100 Electric shovel to determine the maximum production in Mackay Pit. For the simulation, shifts = 360 and effective hours = 7. The following is a table and graphs of the results.
52
Total # # of # of # Tonnage number Hitachi Komatsu of (ktons) of trucks trucks trucks loads 15 7 8 263 96.8 15 8 7 261 96.5 15 9 6 262 96.8 15 10 5 262 96.9 16 8 8 276 102 16 9 7 276 102 16 10 6 277 102 17 9 8 290 107 17 10 7 290 107 18 10 8 302 112
Table 5.2: Case Study #2 - Simulation Results
MAXIMUM PRODUTION VS. TRUCK ALLOCATION
115
113 112 ktons 111 109 107 105
103 TONNAGE (ktons) TONNAGE
101 K=8,H=10 99 97 95 15 16 17 18 NUMBER OF TRUCKS
Figure 5.1: Maximum Production vs. Truck Allocation 53
The maximum production is accomplished when all the Komatsu and Hitachi trucks are in the pit – 10 Hitachi trucks and 8 Komatsu trucks. With this haul truck fleet production is 112 ktons/shift.
5.3 Case Study #3: Maximum Production vs. Number of Trucks
For this case study, the simulation was run to determine the number of haul trucks needed for maximum production in Mackay Pit with both shovels in operation. The haul truck number will start with the mine’s existing fleet (CAT trucks not included) and will increase Hitachi truck number due to its slightly higher number of loads than the Komatsu truck. For this case study’s simulation, shifts = 360 and effective hours = 7. The following is a table and graphs of the results.
Total # # of # of # Tonnage number Hitachi Komatsu of (ktons) of trucks trucks trucks loads 18 10 8 302 112 19 11 8 313 116 20 12 8 322 119 21 13 8 328 121 22 14 8 333 123 23 15 8 337 124 24 16 8 338 125 25 17 8 339 125 26 18 8 340 126 27 19 8 339 125
Table 5.3: Case Study #3 - Simulation Results 54
Figure 5.2: Maximum Production vs. Number of Trucks
Looking at Figure 5.2 you are able to see that production reaches its maximum with
26 haul trucks and production decreases with 27 haul trucks. Therefore, maximum production occurs when there are 26 haul trucks with a tonnage of 126 ktons/shift.
5.4 Case Study #4: P&H 4100 Electric Shovel Production vs. Truck Allocation
For this case study, the simulation was run to determine the maximum production with only the P&H 4100 Electric shovel operating in Mackay Pit. Since CAT trucks cannot be loaded by the P&H Electric shovel, we will only be considering production with the rest of the haul truck fleet. Several different combinations of Hitachi and Komatsu trucks were considered until all were used to determine the maximum production in Mackay Pit.
The simulation code was revised where the dispatch code assigns haul trucks to the most readily available shovel. There are two points in the mine where this takes place. The code was modified by changing the P&H shovel priority to 100. 55
Figure 5.3 and Figure 5.4 are screenshots of the revised code. Table 5.3 include the simulation results.
Figure 5.3: Screenshot of Simulation Revision #1
Figure 5.4: Screenshot of Simulation Revision #2
For the simulation, shifts = 360 and effective hours = 7. The following is a table and graph of the results.
56
Total # # of # of # Tonnage number Hitachi Komatsu of (ktons) of trucks trucks trucks loads 14 6 8 227 83.6 14 7 7 228 84.1 14 8 6 229 84.4 14 9 5 230 84.7 14 10 4 231 85.3 15 7 8 233 85.6 15 8 7 234 86.3 15 9 6 236 86.8 15 10 5 236 87.1 16 8 8 235 86.6 16 9 7 237 87.4 16 10 6 238 87.9 17 9 8 237 87.2 17 10 7 238 87.9 18 10 8 238 87.9
Table 5.4: Case Study #4 - Simulation Results
P&H 4100 ELECTRIC SHOVEL PRODUCTION vs. TRUCK ALLOCATION 88.5 87.9 ktons
87.5
86.5
85.5 K=8,H=10
84.5 TONNAGE (ktons) TONNAGE 83.5 14 15 16 17 18 NUMBER OF TRUCKS
Figure 5.5: P&H 4100 Electric Shovel Production vs. Truck Allocation 57
The maximum production occurred at 18 haul trucks with a production of 87.9 ktons/shift.
5.5 Economic Analysis and Comparison
For this economic analysis, assumptions were made due to the confidentiality of this information. This economic analysis is a brief analysis on the operating costs for studied haul truck fleet ranges, production (ktons), and cost/kton per case study. All four case studies will be analyzed. The following assumptions were made:
CAT789C haul truck operating cost = $250/hour
Komatsu 930E haul truck operating cost = $250/hour
Hitachi EH5000AC haul truck operating cost = $250/hour
P&H 4100 Electric shovel operating cost = $400/hour
Hitachi EX5500 shovel operating cost = $400/hour
In case study #1, the scenario was to use the mine’s existing haul truck fleet and two shovels in Mackay Pit to determine which haul truck combination reached the production goal of 102 ktons/shift. The simulation model was run for a range of 14 to 21 haul trucks.
Table 5.4 is a summary of simulation results, operating cost/shift, and cost/kton in Mackay
Pit. In Figure 5.6 and Figure 5.7 show production per truck combination and cost/kton per truck combination respectively. The haul truck combination that met the goal production was at 17 haul trucks (CAT= 3, Komatsu = 4, and Hitachi = 10) with a production of 106 ktons/shift at a cost of $572/kton.
58
CASE STUDY #1 # of Tonnage $ Operating $ Cost/ Trucks (ktons) Cost / Shift kton 14 89.6 $ 51,600 $ 576 15 95.3 $ 54,600 $ 573 16 100 $ 57,600 $ 576 17 106 $ 60,600 $ 572 18 110 $ 63,600 $ 578 19 115 $ 66,600 $ 579 20 117 $ 69,600 $ 595 21 119 $ 72,600 $ 610
Table 5.5: Case Study #1 – Simulation Results, Operating Cost/Shift, and Cost/kton
CASE STUDY #1: PRODUCTION 119 119.5 117 115 114.5 110 109.5 106 104.5 100 99.5 TONNAGE (KTONS) TONNAGE 95.3 94.5 89.6 89.5 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 NUMBER OF TRUCKS
Figure 5.6: Case Study #1 – Production 59
CASE STUDY #1: $ COST / KTON $620 $610 $610
$595 $600
$590 $ COST / / KTON COST $ $580 $576 $576 $573 $572 $578 $579 $570 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 NUMBER OF TRUCKS
Figure 5.7: Case Study #1 – Cost/kton
In case study #2, the scenario was to use the mine’s existing haul truck fleet (CAT haul trucks excluded) and two shovels in Mackay Pit to determine the maximum production.
These results will let mining engineers know the difference in production when CAT trucks are not used. The simulation model was run for a range of 15 to 18 haul trucks and in different combinations. Table 5.5 is a summary of simulation results that include ktons/shift, operating cost/shift, and cost/kton in Mackay Pit. In Figure 5.8 and Figure 5.9 show production per haul truck combination and cost/kton per haul truck combination respectively. The haul truck combinations that met the production goal of 102 ktons/shift was at 16 haul trucks at $565/kton with a production of 102 ktons/shift.
60
CASE STUDY #2 # of Tonnage $ Operating $ Cost/ Trucks (ktons) Cost / Shift kton 15 96.8 $ 54,600 $ 564 15 96.5 $ 54,600 $ 566 15 96.8 $ 54,600 $ 564 15 96.9 $ 54,600 $ 563 16 102 $ 57,600 $ 565 16 102 $ 57,600 $ 565 16 102 $ 57,600 $ 565 17 107 $ 60,600 $ 566 17 107 $ 60,600 $ 566 18 112 $ 63,600 $ 568
Table 5.6: Case Study #2 – Simulation Results, Operating Cost/Shift, and Cost/kton
CASE STUDY #2: PRODUCTION
112 112 110
108 107 107 106 104 102 102 102 102
TONNAGE (KTONS) TONNAGE 100
98 96.8 96.5 96.8 96.9 96 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 18 NUMBER OF TRUCKS
Figure 5.8: Case Study #2 – Production
61
CASE STUDY #2: $ COST / KTON $569 $568 $568 $566 $567 $566 $566 $565 $566 $565 $564 $565 $ COST / / KTON COST $ $564 $565 $564 $563 $563 $562 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 18 NUMBER OF TRUCKS
Figure 5.9: Case Study #2 – Cost/kton
In case study #3, the objective was to determine the maximum production with proposed haulage fleet scenarios and two shovels (Hitachi EX5500 and P&H 4100 Electric shovel) in Mackay Pit. The haul truck fleet range was from 18 to 27. Table 5.6 is a summary of simulation results that include production per number of haul trucks (ktons), operating cost/shift, and cost/kton in Mackay Pit. In Figure 5.10 and Figure 5.11 show production and cost/kton per haul truck combination respectively. The most productive haul truck combination for cost/kton is 26 haul trucks (CAT= 0, Komatsu = 8, and Hitachi = 18) at
$695/kton with a production of 126 ktons/shift. The goal for this case study was maximum production which occurred at 26 trucks – which surpassed the goal production of 102 ktons/shift. 62
CASE STUDY #3
# of Tonnage $ Operating $ Cost/ Trucks (ktons) Cost / Shift kton 18.0 112 $ 63,600 $ 568 19.0 116 $ 66,600 $ 574 20.0 119 $ 69,600 $ 585 21.0 121 $ 72,600 $ 600 22.0 123 $ 75,600 $ 615 23.0 124 $ 78,600 $ 634 24.0 125 $ 81,600 $ 653 25.0 125 $ 84,600 $ 677 26.0 126 $ 87,600 $ 695 27.0 126 $ 90,600 $ 719
Table 5.7: Case Study #3 – Simulation Results, Operating Cost/Shift, and Cost/kton
CASE STUDY #3: PRODUCTION 127 126 126 125 125 125 124 123 123 121 121 119 119 117 116
TONNAGE (KTONS) TONNAGE 115 113 112 111 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 NUMBER OF TRUCKS
Figure 5.10: Case Study #3 – Production 63
CASE STUDY #3: $ COST / KTON $725 $719 $705 $677 $685 $665 $695 $653 $645 $634 $625
$ COST / / KTON COST $ $615 $605 $600 $585 $585 $574 $565 $568 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 NUMBER OF TRUCKS
Figure 5.11: Case Study #3 – Cost/kton
In case study #4, the focus was on the P&H 4100 Electric shovel in Mackay Pit by determining the maximum production with the mine’s existing haul truck fleet. The haul truck fleet range was from 14 to 18. Table 5.7 is a summary of simulation results that include production/haul truck combination (ktons), operating cost/shift, and cost/kton in
Mackay Pit. In Figure 5.12 and Figure 5.13 show production and cost/kton per truck combination respectively. In this case the production goal of 102 ktons/shift was not met but these results show the production capability of only having the P&H 4100 Electric shovel in production which is a possible scenario when other shovels are out of commission or are being used in other areas of the mine (e.g. other pits). The most productive haul truck combination was 16 haul trucks (CAT= 0, Komatsu = 6, and Hitachi = 10) at a production of 87.9 ktons/shift and at a cost of $601/kton. For this case study maximum production 64 occurred with the least amount of haul trucks and cost/kton since there were three instances with the same tonnage.
CASE STUDY #4 # of Tonnage $ Operating $ Cost/ Trucks (ktons) Cost / Shift kton 14 83.6 $ 46,800 $ 560 14 84.1 $ 46,800 $ 556 14 84.4 $ 46,800 $ 555 14 84.7 $ 46,800 $ 553 14 85.3 $ 46,800 $ 549 15 85.6 $ 49,800 $ 582 15 86.3 $ 49,800 $ 577 15 86.8 $ 49,800 $ 574 15 87.1 $ 49,800 $ 572 16 86.6 $ 52,800 $ 610 16 87.4 $ 52,800 $ 604 16 87.9 $ 52,800 $ 601 17 87.2 $ 55,800 $ 640 17 87.9 $ 55,800 $ 635 18 87.9 $ 58,800 $ 669
Table 5.8: Case Study #4 – Simulation Results, Operating Cost/Shift, and Cost/kton 65
CASE STUDY #4: PRODUCTION 87.9 87.9 87.9 88.0 87.4 87.5 87.1 87.2 87.0 86.8 86.6 86.5 86.3
86.0 85.6 85.5 85.3
85.0 84.7 TONNAGE (KTONS) TONNAGE 84.4 84.5 84.1 84.0 83.6 83.5 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 18 NUMBER OF TRUCKS
Figure 5.12: Case Study #4 – Production
CASE STUDY #4: $ COST / KTON $669
$665
$645 $640 $635
$625 $610 $604 $605
$ COST / KTON COST $ / $601 $582 $585 $577 $574 $572
$560 $565 $556 $555 $553 $549 $545 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 18 NUMBER OF TRUCKS
Figure 5.13: Case Study #4 – Cost/kton 66
Chapter 6. Conclusion and Future Research
6.1 Conclusion
This research study of a discrete-event system simulation model of Marigold’s operating mine was modelled by using the software programs of GPSS/H® for the simulation portion and Proof Professional® for the animation model. These programs are cost effective and are a fraction of the cost of new equipment or operating costs for implementing different scenarios in a mining operation – conceptual, existing, or proposed.
This tool allows mining engineers to study different scenarios before applying it in real time and spending huge amount of capital. Proof Professional® is a user friendly program that allows an animation utility be a beneficial visual tool for making sure the simulation model is accurate in many ways – from logic of the mine to programming errors.
Accuracy is of the utmost importance and the simulator is only as good as the data used to model a mining operation. Collecting data from observation and other sources (e.g.
DISPATCH®), then compiling should be handled with care and not rushed. For this mining operation their actual production numbers are based on a standard load per haul truck type and not by weightometer information collected from DISPATCH® – this is the preferred method at Marigold. Mining engineers depend on accurate results to make well informed decisions for their mining operations.
This model was used to study Marigold’s haul truck fleet which consists of three haul truck types, and its production capability. Several case studies analyzed the haul truck fleet production potential in various scenarios such as existing fleet haul truck combinations, hypothetical haul truck fleet, removal of a haul truck type, and only operating the P&H 4100 Electric shovel in Mackay Pit. The results from these studies 67 demonstrate the great capacity of this method for finalizing mine planning decisions based on production.
6.2 Future Research
Mining engineers are continually studying and analyzing their dynamic mine operation. They are constantly looking for ways to improve their mining operation, consider several different alternatives before determining the best one for their operation.
This research project continues and in Phase II, different what-if? scenarios will be analyzed and the model will be updated accordingly.
68
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Appendices
Appendix A: Preliminary simulation and animation programs for Marigold Mine (GPSS/H® and PROOF Professional®)
Preliminary Simulation of Marigold Mine Program: Simulation code was written with the guidance and assistance of Dr. John Sturgul, Professor of Mining Engineering, at the University of Adelaide, Australia
**************************************************************** * * MODEL OF MARIGOLD MINE - GOLD CORP * BY JOHN STURGUL & VIRGINIA IBARRA * UNR 2013 **************************************************************** SIMULATE ATF FILEDEF 'MARI.ATF' REAL &X,&Y,&A,&C,&D,&F,&E,&G,&H,&I,&J,&K,&L,&M,&N,&TOTLEC REAL &S,&O,&P,&Q,&R,&Z,&A789,&B789,&A930,&B930,&A500,&B500 REAL &T,&U,&V,&W,&AA,&BB,&CC,&DD,&EE,&FF,&GG,&KK,&TOTTD,&ZZ REAL &LL,&MM,&NN,&HH,&II,&JJ,&OO,&PP,&QQ,&RR,&SS,&TT,&UU,&VV,&WW,& YY REAL &AA789,&BB789,&AA930,&BB930,&AA500,&BB500,&AAA,&BBB,&CCC REAL &AAA789,&BBB789,&AAA930,&BBB930,&AAA500,&BBB500,&TOTLEC2 REAL &DDD,&EEE,&FFF,&GGG,&HHH,&III,&JJJ,&KKK,&LLL,&MMM,&NNN,&OOO REAL &PPP,&QQQ,&RRR,&SSS,&TTT,&UUU,&TOTBA INTEGER &CAT,&HITA,&KOMA,&SHIFTS,&EHOURS
**************************************** * TRAVEL FUNCTIONS ****************************************
1 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 2 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 3 FUNCTION PH1,M3 72
1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 4 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 5 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 6 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
7 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 8 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 9 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 10 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 11 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 12 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
13 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 14 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,5,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 15 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 16 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 17 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 18 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
19 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 20 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 21 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) A21 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
22 FUNCTION PH1,M3 73
1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
23 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) A23 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
24 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 25 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 26 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
27 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 28 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 29 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
30 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 31 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
32 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 33 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
A32 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) A33 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
34 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 35 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
36 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 37 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 74
A37 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
38 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
39 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 40 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 41 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 42 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
43 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 44 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
45 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
46 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
47 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 48 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
49 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
50 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 51 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
52 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
53 FUNCTION PH1,M3 75
1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 54 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
55 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
56 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
57 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
58 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 59 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 60 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 61 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 62 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 63 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 64 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 65 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 66 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 67 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1) 68 FUNCTION PH1,M3 1,RVNORM(1,3,.2)/2,RVNORM(1,2,.1)/3,RVNORM(1,2.5,.1)
*ANIM TEST E &YES,'Y',PH3+2 * TRANSFER ,PH3+1
CHAR*1 &YES MYBOOL BVARIABLE (&YES'E''Y')OR(&YES'E''y') ANIM TEST E BV(MYBOOL),1,PH3+2 TRANSFER ,PH3+1
********************************* 76
* DIV FUNCTIONS ********************************* DIV1 FUNCTION RN1,E2 .5,BLOCKA/1,BLOCKB BLOCKA 50% GOES TO DUMP TURTLE AND BLOCKB 50% TO LEACH CELL18
DIV3 FUNCTION RN1,D2 .25,BLOCKE/1,BLOCKF 25%-BLOCKE GOES TO BASALT DUMP AND 75%-BLOCKF GOES TO LEACH CELL 12
********************************* * SPOT FUNCTIONS ******************************** SPOTL1 FUNCTION RN1,C2 SPOT TIME AT LOADER 1 .5,1/1,1.1
SPOTL2 FUNCTION RN1,C2 SPOT TIME AT LOADER 2 .5,1/1,1.1
SPOTS1 FUNCTION RN1,C2 SPOT TIME AT SHOVEL 1 .5,1/1,1.1
SLEACH FUNCTION RN1,C2 SPOT TIME AT LEACH .5,1/1,1.1
SDUMP FUNCTION RN1,C2 SPOT TIME AT DUMPS .5,1/1,1.1
******************************* * LOAD FUNCTIONS ******************************* *LOAD FUNCTION RN1,D2 * 0,.5/1,2.5
******************************* * MACRO ******************************* TRAVEL STARTMACRO BLET #A=FN(#B) TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=3,AC1,XID1,XID1,#A TIME *.**** PLACE T* ON P#C SET T* TRAVEL **.** PATH#D ADVANCE &A 77
ENDMACRO *************************** INTEGER &CLEAR DO &CLEAR=1,63 AGAIN PUTSTRING (' ') ENDDO PUTSTRING (' ') PUTSTRING (' ') PUTSTRING (' ') PUTSTRING ('HOW MANY CATS?') PUTSTRING (' ') GETLIST &CAT PUTSTRING (' ') PUTSTRING ('HOW MANY HITACHIS?') PUTSTRING (' ') GETLIST &HITA PUTSTRING (' ') PUTSTRING ('HOW MANY KOMATSUS?') PUTSTRING (' ') GETLIST &KOMA PUTSTRING (' ') PUTSTRING (' ') PUTSTRING ('HOW MANY SHIFTS TO SIMULATE FOR?') PUTSTRING (' ') PUTSTRING (' ') PUTSTRING ('IT WORKS TWO SHIFTS PER DAY') PUTSTRING (' ') PUTSTRING (' ') GETLIST &SHIFTS PUTSTRING ('HOW MANY EFFECTIVE HOURS OF WORK PER SHIFT?') PUTSTRING (' ') PUTSTRING (' ') GETLIST &EHOURS PUTSTRING ('DO YOU WANT ANIMATION? (Y/N)') GETLIST &YES PUTSTRING (' ') PUTSTRING (' ') PUTPIC LINES=7,&CAT,&HITA,&KOMA,&SHIFTS,&EHOURS,&YES INPUT DATA AS FOLLOWS: NUMBER OF CAT TRUCKS = ** NUMBER OF HITACHI TRUCKS = ** NUMBER OF KOMATSU TRUCKS = ** NUMBER OF SHIFTS = ** NUMBER OF EFFECTIVE HOURS OF WORK PER SHIFT = ** ANIMATION (Y/N)? * 78
PUTSTRING (' ') PUTSTRING ('ARE YOU HAPPY WITH THESE? (Y/N)') PUTSTRING (' ') CHAR*1 &ANS GETLIST &ANS IF &ANS'NE''Y' GOTO AGAIN ENDIF
****************************************** * START WITH CAT TRUCKS IN THE MINE * ****************************************** GENERATE 3,,0,&CAT,,12PH,12PL ASSIGN 1,1,PH CAT TRUCKS ARE NUMBER 1 TRUCKS TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=3,AC1,XID1,XID1 TIME *.**** CREATE CAT T* PLACE T* AT 15.30 7.30 TRANSFER ,FIRSTA
****************************************** * START WITH KOMA TRUCKS IN THE MINE * ****************************************** GENERATE 3,,5,&KOMA,,12PH,12PL ASSIGN 1,2,PH THESE ARE NUMBER 2 TRUCKS-KOMA TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=3,AC1,XID1,XID1 TIME *.**** CREATE KOMA T* PLACE T* AT 15.30 7.30 TRANSFER ,FIRSTA
****************************************** * START WITH HITA TRUCKS IN THE MINE * ****************************************** GENERATE 3,,10,&HITA,,12PH,12PL ASSIGN 1,3,PH HITA TRUCKS ARE NUMBER 3 TRUCKS TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=3,AC1,XID1,XID1 TIME *.**** CREATE HITA T* PLACE T* AT 15.30 7.30
79
FIRSTA ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL MACRO &A,1,1,1 SEIZE INTERA TRAVEL MACRO &X,2,2,2 RELEASE INTERA PATHP3 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL MACRO &Y,3,3,3 TRAVEL MACRO &Z,4,4,4
********************************* * DISPATCH GOES HERE ********************************* INTEGER &COUNT1,&COUNT2 BLET &COUNT1=W(PATH5)+W(PATH7)+W(PATH8)+W(PATH9)_ +Q(LOADER1)+F(LOADER1) BLET &COUNT2=W(PATH6)+W(PATH39)+W(PATH40)+W(PATH41)_ +W(PATH32A)+W(PATH33A)+W(PATH42)+W(PATH43)+_ W(PATH44)+Q(LOADER2)+W(DISA)+F(LOADER2)+_ W(PATH45)+W(DISB)+F(SHOVEL1) TEST L &COUNT1,&COUNT2,BLOCKC TRANSFER ,BLOCKD THIS BLOCK GOES TO MACKAY PIT
BLOCKC ADVANCE 0 THIS BLOCK GOES TO TARGET PIT SEIZE INTERB TRAVEL MACRO &RR,6,6,6 RELEASE INTERB TRAVEL MACRO &OO,39,39,39 TRAVEL MACRO &PP,40,40,40 SEIZE INTERD TRAVEL MACRO &QQ,41,41,41 RELEASE INTERD TRAVEL MACRO &HHH,A32,32A,32A SEIZE INTERE TRAVEL MACRO &III,A33,33A,33A RELEASE INTERE PATHP42 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL MACRO &HH,42,42,42 TRAVEL MACRO &II,43,43,43
TRANSFER .75,,SHOV TRAVEL MACRO &JJ,44,44,44
************************* * LOADER2 ************************ 80
QUEUE LOADER2 SEIZE LOADER2 USE THE LOADER AT TARGET DEPART LOADER2 DISA ADVANCE FN(SPOTL2) SPOT TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -50.10 -35.51 TEST E PH1,1,TYPET2 CHECK FOR TRUCK TYPE 1-CAT ADVANCE RVNORM(1,2,.1) LOAD AT LOADER-2 CAT TRUCK RELEASE LOADER2 ASSIGN 1,RVNORM(1,190,3),PL AMOUNT LOAD BY LOADER 2 BLET &AA789=&AA789+1 BLET &BB789=&BB789+PL1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=7,AC1,&AA789,&BB789,QA(LOADER2),XID1,FR(LOADER2)/1 0.,FC(LOADER2) TIME *.**** WRITE M15 *** WRITE M14 *****.** WRITE M22 **.** SET T* CLASS FCAT WRITE M21 **.**% WRITE M20 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP46
TYPET2 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,2,TYPET3 CHECK FOR TYPE KOMA ADVANCE RVNORM(1,3,.07) LOAD A TRUCK RELEASE LOADER2 ASSIGN 1,RVNORM(1,345,15),PL AMOUNT HITA LOAD BY LOADER 2 BLET &AA930=&AA930+1 BLET &BB930=&BB930+PL1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=7,AC1,&AA930,&BB930,QA(LOADER2),XID1,FR(LOADER2)/1 0.,FC(LOADER2) TIME *.**** WRITE M18 *** WRITE M17 *****.** WRITE M22 **.** SET T* CLASS FKOMA WRITE M21 **.**% WRITE M20 *** 81
TRANSFER ,PATHP46
TYPET3 ADVANCE 0 ADVANCE RVNORM(1,2.5,.07) LOAD OF HITA TRUCK RELEASE LOADER2 ASSIGN 1,RVNORM(1,320,15),PL AMOUNT LOAD OF HITA BY LOADER 2 BLET &AA500=&AA500+1 BLET &BB500=&BB500+PL1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=7,AC1,&AA500,&BB500,QA(LOADER2),XID1,FR(LOADER2)/1 0.,FC(LOADER2) TIME *.**** WRITE M16 *** WRITE M19 *****.** WRITE M22 **.** SET T* CLASS FHITA WRITE M21 **.**% WRITE M20 *** ASSIGN 8,1,PH PATHP46 ADVANCE 0 TRAVLT TABLE MP7PL,50,5,50 TABULATE TRAVLT TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,TB(TRAVLT) TIME *.**** WRITE MLT ***.** MARK 7PL TRAVEL MACRO &SS,46,46,46 PATHP47 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL MACRO &TT,47,47,47 SEIZE INTERE TRAVEL MACRO &UU,48,48,48 RELEASE INTERE TRANSFER ,FN(DIV3) BLOCKE ADVANCE 0 BASALT TRAVEL MACRO &KKK,58,58,58 TRAVEL MACRO &LLL,59,59,59 TRAVEL MACRO &MMM,60,60,60 TRAVEL MACRO &NNN,61,61,61 TRAVEL MACRO &OOO,62,62,62
**************************************** * DUMP AT BASALT 82
**************************************** BADUMP ADVANCE FN(SDUMP) SPOT TIME AT DUMP BASALT TEST E PH1,1,TYPE2BA CHECK FOR TRUCK TYPES ADVANCE RVNORM(1,.7,.1) TIME OF DUMP A LOAD OF WASTE AT BASALT BLET &TOTBA=&TOTBA+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL WASTE TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTBA,N(BADUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS CAT WRITE M35 ******.** WRITE M34 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP63
TYPE2BA ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,2,TYPE3BA CHECK FOR TRUCK TYPES ADVANCE RVNORM(1,1,.2) DUMPS A LOAD OF WASTE BLET &TOTBA=&TOTBA+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL WASTE TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTBA,N(BADUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS KOMA WRITE M35 ******.** WRITE M34 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP63
TYPE3BA ADVANCE 0 ADVANCE RVNORM(1,1,.2) DUMPS A LOAD OF WASTE BLET &TOTBA=&TOTBA+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL WASTE TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTBA,N(BADUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS HITA WRITE M35 ******.** WRITE M34 *** PATHP63 ADVANCE 0
TRAVEL MACRO &PPP,63,63,63 TRAVEL MACRO &QQQ,64,64,64 TRAVEL MACRO &RRR,65,65,65 TRAVEL MACRO &SSS,66,66,66 TRAVEL MACRO &TTT,67,67,67 SEIZE INTERE TRAVEL MACRO &UUU,68,68,68 RELEASE INTERE 83
TRANSFER ,PATHP42
*********************************** * DISPATCH SECOND CODE-MAYBE *********************************** BLOCKF ADVANCE 0 LEACH TRAVEL MACRO &JJJ,A37,37A,37A TRAVEL MACRO &VV,49,49,49 TRAVEL MACRO &WW,50,50,50
SEIZE INTERB TRAVEL MACRO &YY,51,51,51 RELEASE INTERB TRANSFER ,PATHP14
SHOV ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL MACRO &KK,45,45,45 ******************************** * SHOVEL 1 ******************************** QUEUE SHOVEL1 SEIZE SPOTS1 SPOT AT SHOVEL 1 DEPART SHOVEL1 DISB ADVANCE FN(SPOTS1) SPOT TIME SEIZE SHOVEL1 USE THE LOADER AT TARGET RELEASE SPOTS1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -44.48 -36.5 TEST E PH1,1,TYPES2 CHECK FOR TRUCK TYPE 1-CAT ADVANCE RVNORM(1,2,.1) LOAD AT SHOVEL 1 CAT TRUCK RELEASE SHOVEL1 ASSIGN 1,RVNORM(1,190,3),PL AMOUNT LOAD BY SHOVEL 1 BLET &AAA789=&AAA789+1 BLET &BBB789=&BBB789+PL1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=7,AC1,&AAA789,&BBB789,QA(SHOVEL1),XID1,FR(SHOVEL1) /10.,FC(SHOVEL1) TIME *.**** WRITE M31 *** WRITE M30 *****.** WRITE M27 **.** SET T* CLASS FCAT 84
WRITE M24 **.**% WRITE M23 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP52
TYPES2 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,2,TYPES3 CHECK FOR TYPE KOMA ADVANCE RVNORM(1,3,.07) LOAD A TRUCK RELEASE SHOVEL1 ASSIGN 1,RVNORM(1,345,15),PL AMOUNT HITA LOAD BY SHOVEL 1 BLET &AAA930=&AAA930+1 BLET &BBB930=&BBB930+PL1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=7,AC1,&AAA930,&BBB930,QA(SHOVEL1),XID1,FR(SHOVEL1) /10.,FC(SHOVEL1) TIME *.**** WRITE M29 *** WRITE M28 *****.** WRITE M27 **.** SET T* CLASS FKOMA WRITE M24 **.**% WRITE M23 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP52
TYPES3 ADVANCE 0 ADVANCE RVNORM(1,2.5,.07) LOAD OF HITA TRUCK RELEASE SHOVEL1 ASSIGN 1,RVNORM(1,320,15),PL AMOUNT LOAD OF HITA BY SHOVEL 1 BLET &AAA500=&AAA500+1 BLET &BBB500=&BBB500+PL1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=7,AC1,&AAA500,&BBB500,QA(SHOVEL1),XID1,FR(SHOVEL1) /10.,FC(SHOVEL1) TIME *.**** WRITE M26 *** WRITE M25 *****.** WRITE M27 **.** SET T* CLASS FHITA WRITE M24 **.**% WRITE M23 *** ASSIGN 8,1,PH PATHP52 ADVANCE 0 TABULATE TRAVLT 85
MARK 7PL TRAVEL MACRO &ZZ,52,52,52 TRANSFER ,PATHP47
BLOCKD ADVANCE 0 THIS BLOCK GOES TO MACKAY PIT
SEIZE INTERB TRAVEL MACRO &A,5,5,5 RELEASE INTERB TRAVEL MACRO &C,7,7,7 TRAVEL MACRO &D,8,8,8 PATHP9 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL MACRO &E,9,9,9
************************************ * LOADER 1 AT PIT MACKAY ************************************
QUEUE LOADER1 SEIZE SPOTL1 SPOT DEPART LOADER1 ADVANCE FN(SPOTL1) SPOT RELEASE SPOTL1 SEIZE LOADER1 USE THE LOADER AT MACKAY BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -23.74 0.49 TEST E PH1,1,TYPE2 CHECK FOR TRUCK TYPE 1-CAT ADVANCE RVNORM(1,2,.1) LOAD AT LOADER-1 CAT TRUCK RELEASE LOADER1 ASSIGN 1,RVNORM(1,190,3),PL AMOUNT LOAD BY LOADER 1 BLET &A789=&A789+1 BLET &B789=&B789+PL1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=7,AC1,&A789,&B789,QA(LOADER1),XID1,FR(LOADER1)/10.,F C(LOADER1) TIME *.**** WRITE M1 *** WRITE M2 *****.** WRITE M3 **.** SET T* CLASS FCAT WRITE M4 **.**% WRITE M5 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP10 86
TYPE2 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,2,TYPE3 CHECK FOR TYPE KOMA ADVANCE RVNORM(1,3,.07) LOAD A TRUCK RELEASE LOADER1 ASSIGN 1,RVNORM(1,345,15),PL AMOUNT HITA LOAD BY LOADER 1 BLET &A930=&A930+1 BLET &B930=&B930+PL1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=7,AC1,&A930,&B930,QA(LOADER1),XID1,FR(LOADER1)/10.,F C(LOADER1) TIME *.**** WRITE M6 *** WRITE M7 *****.** WRITE M3 **.** SET T* CLASS FKOMA WRITE M4 **.**% WRITE M5 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP10
TYPE3 ADVANCE 0 ADVANCE RVNORM(1,2.5,.07) LOAD OF HITA TRUCK RELEASE LOADER1 ASSIGN 1,RVNORM(1,320,15),PL AMOUNT LOAD OF HITA BY LOADER 1 BLET &A500=&A500+1 BLET &B500=&B500+PL1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=7,AC1,&A500,&B500,QA(LOADER1),XID1,FR(LOADER1)/10.,F C(LOADER1) TIME *.**** WRITE M8 *** WRITE M9 *****.** WRITE M3 **.** SET T* CLASS FHITA WRITE M4 **.**% WRITE M5 *** PATHP10 ADVANCE 0 TRAVLM TABLE MP8PL,50,5,50 TABULATE TRAVLM TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,TB(TRAVLM) TIME *.**** 87
WRITE MLM ***.** MARK 8PL TRAVEL MACRO &F,10,10,10 TRANSFER ,FN(DIV1) BLOCKA ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL MACRO &CC,30,30,30 SEIZE INTERD TRAVEL MACRO &DD,31,31,31 RELEASE INTERD
TRAVEL MACRO &EE,32,32,32 SEIZE INTERE TRAVEL MACRO &FF,33,33,33 RELEASE INTERE TRAVEL MACRO &GG,34,34,34
************************************ * DUMP TURTLE ************************************ TDUMP ADVANCE FN(SDUMP) SPOT TIME AT DUMP TEST E PH1,1,TYPE222 CHECK FOR TRUCK TYPES ADVANCE RVNORM(1,.7,.1) TIME OF DUMP A LOAD OF WASTE BLET &TOTTD=&TOTTD+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL WASTE TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTTD,N(TDUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS CAT WRITE M12 ******.** WRITE M13 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP35
TYPE222 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,2,TYPE333 CHECK FOR TRUCK TYPES ADVANCE RVNORM(1,1,.2) DUMPS A LOAD OF WASTE BLET &TOTTD=&TOTTD+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL WASTE TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTTD,N(TDUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS KOMA WRITE M12 ******.** WRITE M13 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP35
TYPE333 ADVANCE 0 ADVANCE RVNORM(1,1,.2) DUMPS A LOAD OF WASTE 88
BLET &TOTTD=&TOTTD+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL WASTE TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTTD,N(TDUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS HITA WRITE M12 ******.** WRITE M13 *** PATHP35 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL MACRO &KK,35,35,35 SEIZE INTERE TRAVEL MACRO &LL,36,36,36 RELEASE INTERE SEIZE INTERD TRAVEL MACRO &MM,37,37,37 RELEASE INTERD TRAVEL MACRO &NN,38,38,38 TRANSFER ,PATHP9
BLOCKB ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL MACRO &G,11,11,11 TRAVEL MACRO &H,12,12,12 TRAVEL MACRO &I,13,13,13 PATHP14 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL MACRO &J,14,14,14 TRAVEL MACRO &K,15,15,15 TRAVEL MACRO &L,16,16,16 TRAVEL MACRO &M,17,17,17 TRAVEL MACRO &N,18,18,18 TRAVEL MACRO &O,19,19,19 TRAVEL MACRO &P,20,20,20 ************************************ * SILO ************************************ QUEUE SILO TRUCK AT LIME SILO SEIZE SILO IS THE SILO FREE? DEPART SILO LEAVE THE QUEUE ADVANCE .5,.05 ADD LIME RELEASE SILO FREE THE SILO TRAVEL MACRO &Q,21,21,21 TRAVEL MACRO &GGG,A21,21A TEST E PH8,1,CELL18 TRAVEL MACRO &AAA,53,53,53 TRAVEL MACRO &BBB,54,54,54 ************************************** * LEACH PAD-CELL 12 89
************************************** * SEIZE SLEACH2 SPOT AT LEACH 12 L2DUMP ADVANCE FN(SLEACH) SPOT TIME AT LEACH 12 * RELEASE SLEACH2 TEST E PH1,1,TYPEL22 CHECK FOR TRUCK TYPES * SEIZE DUMPL2 ADVANCE RVNORM(1,.7,.1) DUMP A LOAD OF LEACH 12 * RELEASE DUMPL2 BLET &TOTLEC2=&TOTLEC2+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL LEACH 12 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTLEC2,N(L2DUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS CAT WRITE M32 ******.** WRITE M33 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP55
TYPEL22 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,2,TYPEL33 CHECK FOR TRUCK TYPES * SEIZE DUMPL2 ADVANCE RVNORM(1,1,.2) DUMPS A LOAD OF LEACH 12 * RELEASE DUMPL2 BLET &TOTLEC2=&TOTLEC2+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL LEACH 12 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTLEC2,N(L2DUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS KOMA WRITE M32 ******.** WRITE M33 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP55
TYPEL33 ADVANCE 0 * SEIZE DUMPL1 ADVANCE RVNORM(1,1,.2) DUMPS A LOAD OF LEACH * RELEASE DUMPL1 BLET &TOTLEC2=&TOTLEC2+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL LEACH TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTLEC2,N(L2DUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS HITA WRITE M32 ******.** WRITE M33 *** TRAVTL TABLE MP7PL,100,2,50
PATHP55 ADVANCE 0 90
TABULATE TRAVTL TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,TB(TRAVTL) TIME *.**** WRITE MTL ***.** MARK 7PL TRAVEL MACRO &CCC,55,55,55 TRAVEL MACRO &DDD,56,56,56 SEIZE INTERP TRAVEL MACRO &EEE,57,57,57 RELEASE INTERP TRANSFER ,PATHP24
CELL18 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL MACRO &R,22,22,22 ************************************** * LEACH PAD CELL 18 ************************************** * SEIZE SLEACH1 SPOT AT LEACH LDUMP ADVANCE FN(SLEACH) SPOT TIME AT LEACH * RELEASE SLEACH1 TEST E PH1,1,TYPE22 CHECK FOR TRUCK TYPES * SEIZE DUMPL1 ADVANCE RVNORM(1,.7,.1) DUMP A LOAD OF LEACH * RELEASE DUMPL1 BLET &TOTLEC=&TOTLEC+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL LEACH TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTLEC,N(LDUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS CAT WRITE M10 ******.** WRITE M11 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP23
TYPE22 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,2,TYPE33 CHECK FOR TRUCK TYPES * SEIZE DUMPL1 ADVANCE RVNORM(1,1,.2) DUMPS A LOAD OF LEACH * RELEASE DUMPL1 BLET &TOTLEC=&TOTLEC+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL LEACH TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTLEC,N(LDUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS KOMA WRITE M10 ******.** 91
WRITE M11 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP23
TYPE33 ADVANCE 0 * SEIZE DUMPL1 ADVANCE RVNORM(1,1,.2) DUMPS A LOAD OF LEACH * RELEASE DUMPL1 BLET &TOTLEC=&TOTLEC+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL LEACH TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTLEC,N(LDUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS HITA WRITE M10 ******.** WRITE M11 *** PATHP23 ADVANCE 0 TRAVML TABLE MP8PL,50,5,50 TABULATE TRAVML TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,TB(TRAVML) TIME *.**** WRITE MML ***.** MARK 8PL TRAVEL MACRO &S,23,23,23 SEIZE INTERP TRAVEL MACRO &FFF,A23,23A,23A RELEASE INTERP PATHP24 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL MACRO &T,24,24,24 TRAVEL MACRO &U,25,25,25 TRAVEL MACRO &V,26,26,26 TRAVEL MACRO &W,27,27,27 TRAVEL MACRO &AA,28,28,28 SEIZE INTERA TRAVEL MACRO &BB,29,29,29 RELEASE INTERA TRANSFER ,PATHP3
************************************************ * SEGMENT FOR HYD. LOADER 1 MOVING * ************************************************ GENERATE ,,,1,10 DUMMY TRANSACTION WAIT9 TEST E F(LOADER1),1 WAIT10 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1 TIME *.**** 92
ROTATE SCOOP1 -45 STEP 3 TIME 2 ADVANCE .2 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1 TIME *.**** ROTATE SCOOP1 45 STEP 3 TIME 2 ADVANCE .2 TEST E F(LOADER1),1,WAIT9 TRANSFER ,WAIT10 *********************************************
************************************************ * SEGMENT FOR HYD. LOADER 2 MOVING * ************************************************ GENERATE ,,,1,10 DUMMY TRANSACTION WAIT1 TEST E F(LOADER2),1 WAIT2 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1 TIME *.**** ROTATE SCOOP2 45 STEP 3 TIME 2 ADVANCE .2 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1 TIME *.**** ROTATE SCOOP2 -45 STEP 3 TIME 2 ADVANCE .2 TEST E F(LOADER2),1,WAIT1 TRANSFER ,WAIT2 ************************************************
************************************************ * SEGMENT FOR SHOVEL 1 LOADING * ************************************************ GENERATE ,,,1,10 DUMMY TRANSACTION WAIT3 TEST E F(SHOVEL1),1 WAIT4 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1 TIME *.**** ROTATE BOOM1 -45 STEP 3 TIME 1.5 ADVANCE .25 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1 TIME *.**** ROTATE BOOM1 45 STEP 3 TIME 1.5 ADVANCE .25 93
TEST E F(SHOVEL1),1,WAIT3 TRANSFER ,WAIT4
********************************************* * CLOCK SEGMENT * ********************************************* INTEGER &TIME,&DAYNO,&WKDAYNO,&WEEKNO,&HOUR GENERATE ,,,1,150,12PL,12PH DUMMY TRANSACTION FOR CLOCK TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=3,AC1 TIME *.**** ROTATE MHAND SPEED -6 STEP 6 ROTATE HHAND SPEED -.5 STEP 6 BLET &HOUR=0 BLET &WKDAYNO=1 BLET &WEEKNO=1 NEXTMIN ADVANCE 1 ADVANCE THE CLOCK ONE MINUTE BLET &TIME=&TIME+1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=5,AC1,&TIME,&HOUR,&WKDAYNO,&WEEKNO TIME *.**** WRITE MT1 ** WRITE MT2 ** WRITE MT3 ** WRITE MT4 ** TEST E &TIME@60,0,NEXTMIN BLET &TIME=0 BLET &HOUR=&HOUR+1 TEST E &HOUR,24,NEXTMIN 24 HOURS PAST? BLET &TIME=0 BLET &HOUR=0 BLET &DAYNO=&DAYNO+1 BLET &WKDAYNO=&WKDAYNO+1 TEST E &WKDAYNO,8,NEXTMIN NEW WEEK? BLET &WKDAYNO=1 BLET &WEEKNO=&WEEKNO+1 TRANSFER ,NEXTMIN ************************************************
TERMINATE GENERATE &SHIFTS*&EHOURS*60 TERMINATE 1 START 1 PUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1 94
TIME *.**** END END
************************************ * EXTRA CODE ************************************
DEBUG FILEDEF 'DEBUG.OUT' BPUTPIC FILE=DEBUG,LINES=1,PH4 PH4=*
` 95
Appendix B: Final simulation and animation programs for Marigold Mine (GPSS/H® and PROOF Professional®)
************************************************************************ * * SIMULATION MODEL OF MARIGOLD MINE - SILVER STANDARD * * * * THE MINE IS LOCATED IN HUMBOLT COUNTY, NEVADA USA * * IT IS ON THE BATTLE MOUNTAIN-EUREKA TREND * * * * BY EBRAHIM TARSHIZI & VIRGINIA IBARRA * * DEPT. OF MINING & METALLURGY * * UNIVERISTY OF NEVADA, RENO * * RENO, NEVADA 89557 * * [email protected] * * [email protected] * * * * PROJECT COORDINATOR: DR. DANNY TAYLOR, UNR, RENO * * dtaylor2mines.unr.edu * * * * IN ASSOCIATION WITH: * * * * DR. JOHN R. STURGUL * * JRS CONSULTING SERVICES * * ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA * * jsturgul2civeng.adelaide,edu.au * * * * PHASE I///UNR 15 JULY 2014 * * * * THE PROGRAM IS WRITTEN USING PROFESSIONAL GPSS/H(R) * * IT WILL ONLY RUN WITH THE FULL VERSION AND THE * * NECESSARY SECURITY KEY * ************************************************************************ ** SIMULATE ATF FILEDEF 'MARI13.ATF' FILE NEEDED FOR THE ANIMATION MARITT FILEDEF 'MARIEXCEL.XLS' EXCEL SPREADSHEET FILE MARIOUT FILEDEF 'MARI.OUT' OUTFILE - SAVED IN SUB-DIRECTORY * WHERE PROGRAM WAS RUN ************************************************************ 96
* THE PROGRAM IS WRITTEN IN SEGMENTAL FORM * * THERE IS THE MAIN PROGRAM AND 8 SEGMENTS THAT ARE * * INSERTED VIA THE INSERT STATEMENT, THE FIRST 5 * * ARE BELOW. * * THE SEGMENTS ARE: * * * * MARIVAR.DAT ALL VARIABLES USED IN THE PROGRAM * * THESE ARE CALLED AMPERVARIBLES * * MARIFUN.DAT THE FUNCTIONS USED * * MARIMENU.DAT INPUT MENU (USER INTERFACE) * * MARIMACRO.DAT MACROS USED - THESE CUT DOWN THE * * PROGRAMMING LINES CONSIDERABLY * * FOR A DESCRIPTION OF HOW THEY WORK, * * SEE WRITE-UP OF PROGRAM * * MARITABLE.DAT THE TABLES MADE FOR CYCLE TIMES * * MARISMOVE.DAT MOVEMENT OF SHOVELS DURING LOADING * * MARICLOCK.DAT CLOCK SEGMENT FOR ANIMATION * * MARIOUT.DAT OUTPUT FROM SIMULATION * ************************************************************
INSERT MARIVAR.DAT INPUT THE VARIABLES USED INSERT MARIFUN.DAT INPUT THE FUNCTIONS INSERT MARIMENU.DAT USER'S MENU INSERT MARIMACRO.DAT MACROS USED INSERT MARITABLE.DAT TABLES FORMED ********************************** * SEGMENT FOR ANIMATION * * THIS IS A GPSS/H SUBROUTINE * ********************************** MYBOOL BVARIABLE (&YES'E''Y')OR(&YES'E''y') ANIM TEST E BV(MYBOOL),1,PH3+2 TRANSFER ,PH3+1 * END OF SUBROUTINE * PROGRAM BEGINS NEXT *************************** PUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,&CAT,&KOMA,&HITA TIME *.**** WRITE NT1 ** WRITE NT2 ** WRITE NT3 **
****************************************** * START WITH CAT TRUCKS IN THE MINE * ****************************************** GENERATE 3,,0,&CAT,,12PH,12PL 97
ASSIGN 1,1,PH CAT TRUCKS ARE NUMBER 1 TRUCKS TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=3,AC1,XID1,XID1 TIME *.**** CREATE CAT T* PLACE T* AT 15.30 7.30 TRANSFER ,FIRSTA
****************************************** * START WITH KOMA TRUCKS IN THE MINE * ****************************************** GENERATE 3,,4,&KOMA,,12PH,12PL ASSIGN 1,2,PH THESE ARE NUMBER 2 TRUCKS-KOMATSU TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=3,AC1,XID1,XID1 TIME *.**** CREATE KOMA T* PLACE T* AT 15.30 7.30 TRANSFER ,FIRSTA
********************************************* * START WITH HITACHI TRUCKS IN THE MINE * ********************************************* GENERATE 3,,8,&HITA,,12PH,12PL ASSIGN 1,3,PH HITACHI TRUCKS ARE NUMBER 3 TRUCKS TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=3,AC1,XID1,XID1 TIME *.**** CREATE HITA T* PLACE T* AT 15.30 7.30 FIRSTA ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL2 MACRO &A,1,1 TRAVEL PATH P1 TRAVEL2 MACRO &B,2,2 TRAVEL PATH P2 TRAVEL2 MACRO &C,3,3 TRAVEL PATH P3 SEIZE INTERB TRAVEL2 MACRO &D,4,4 TRAVEL PATH P4 RELEASE INTERB PATHP3 ADVANCE 0 ********************************* * DISPATCH GOES HERE *********************************
BLET &COUNT1=W(PATH5)+W(SPTP11)+W(SPTP12)_ +Q(SHOVELP)+F(SHOVELP) BLET &COUNT2=W(PATH6)+W(PATH61)+W(PATH62)_ 98
+W(NSPT11)+W(NSPT12)_ +Q(LOADER1)+F(LOADER1)+1 TEST LE &COUNT1,&COUNT2,PATHP6 TRANSFER ,PATHP5 GOES TO SHOVEL P & H ********************************** PATHP27 ADVANCE 0 TEST NE PH1,1,POS2 CHECK FOR CAT TRUCK TRAVEL MACRO &CC,27,27,27 SEIZE INTERX TRAVEL MACRO &E,271,271,271 RELEASE INTERX TRAVEL MACRO &EE,272,272,272 TRANSFER ,SHOVELL1
LOC1 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,1,SORTD2 CHECK FOR CAT TRUCK TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS FCAT2 TRANSFER ,NEWC2 SORTD2 TEST E PH1,2,SORTD3 CHECK FOR KOMA2 TRUCK TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS FKOMA2 TRANSFER ,NEWC2 SORTD3 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 CHECK FOR HITA TRUCK TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS FHITA2 NEWC2 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL2 MACRO &II,34,34 SEIZE INTERX TRAVEL2 MACRO &G,341,341 RELEASE INTERX TRAVEL2 MACRO &H,342,342 TRANSFER ,PATHP37 PATHP26 ADVANCE 0 POS2 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL MACRO &DD,26,26,26 TRANSFER ,LOADERR1
LOC11 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,1,SORTT2 CHECK FOR CAT TRUCK 99
TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS FCAT2 TRANSFER ,NEWC SORTT2 TEST E PH1,2,SORTT3 CHECK FORKOMA TRUCK TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS FKOMA2 TRANSFER ,NEWC SORTT3 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 CHECK FOR HITA TRUCK TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS FHITA2 NEWC ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL2 MACRO &JJ,35,35
PATHP37 ADVANCE 0 SEIZE INTERD TRAVEL2 MACRO &LL,37,37 RELEASE INTERD MARK 7PL MAKE RECORD OF TIME TRAVEL2 MACRO &MM,38,38 GOES TO DUMP LOWER/WEST OR UPPER TROUT FROM MACKAY (2) TRAVEL2 MACRO &HH,380,380 SEIZE INTERE TRAVEL2 MACRO &NN,39,39 RELEASE INTERE TRANSFER ,FN(DIV7) GOES TO DUMP LOWER/WEST & UPPER TROUT CREEK BLOCKO ADVANCE 0 GOES TO DUMP LOWER/WEST TRAVEL2 MACRO &OO,40,40 ************************************ * DUMP LOWER/WEST ************************************ TDUMP ADVANCE FN(SDUMP) SPOT TIME AT DUMP TEST E PH1,1,TYPE2222 CHECK FOR CAT TRUCK ADVANCE RVNORM(1,.7,.1) TIME OF DUMP A LOAD OF WASTE BLET &TOTTD=&TOTTD+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL WASTE TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTTD,N(TDUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS CAT2 WRITE M12 ******.** 100
WRITE M13 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP41 TYPE2222 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,2,TYPE3333 CHECK FOR KOMA TRUCK ADVANCE RVNORM(1,1,.2) DUMPS A LOAD OF WASTE BLET &TOTTD=&TOTTD+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL WASTE TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTTD,N(TDUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS KOMA2 WRITE M12 ******.** WRITE M13 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP41 TYPE3333 ADVANCE 0 ADVANCE RVNORM(1,1,.2) DUMPS A LOAD OF WASTE BLET &TOTTD=&TOTTD+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL WASTE TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTTD,N(TDUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS HITA2 WRITE M12 ******.** WRITE M13 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP41 BLOCKP ADVANCE 0 GOES TO UPPER TROUT CREEK TRAVEL2 MACRO &UU,46,46 ************************************ * DUMP UPPER TROUT CREEK ************************************ TCDUMP ADVANCE FN(SDUMP) SPOT TIME AT DUMP TEST E PH1,1,TYPE222 CHECK FOR CAT TRUCK ADVANCE RVNORM(1,.7,.1) TIME OF DUMP A LOAD OF WASTE BLET &TOTTDU=&TOTTDU+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL WASTE TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTTDU,N(TCDUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS CAT2 WRITE MU12 ******.** WRITE MU13 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP47 TYPE222 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,2,TYPE333 CHECK FOR KOMA TRUCK ADVANCE RVNORM(1,1,.2) DUMPS A LOAD OF WASTE BLET &TOTTDU=&TOTTDU+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL WASTE TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTTDU,N(TCDUMP) 101
TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS KOMA2 WRITE MU12 ******.** WRITE MU13 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP47 TYPE333 ADVANCE 0 ADVANCE RVNORM(1,1,.2) DUMPS A LOAD OF WASTE BLET &TOTTDU=&TOTTDU+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL WASTE TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTTDU,N(TCDUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS HITA2 WRITE MU12 ******.** WRITE MU13 *** PATHP47 PRIORITY 0 UNLOADED TRUCKS HAVE PRIORITY 0 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL2 MACRO &VV,47,47 SEIZE INTERE TRAVEL2 MACRO &WW,48,48 RELEASE INTERE PATHP49 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL2 MACRO &XX,49,49 TRAVEL2 MACRO &AA,490,490 TABULATE TRAVMD TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=3,AC1,TB(TRAVMD),MP7PL TIME *.**** WRITE MMD **.** WRITE MMD1 **.** SEIZE INTERD TRAVEL2 MACRO &YY,50,50 RELEASE INTERD ********************************* * DISPATCH ON THE WAY BACK ********************************* BLET &COUNT10=W(PATH26)+W(NSPT11)+W(NSPT12)+_ Q(LOADER1)+F(LOADER1)+1 LOADER 1/HITACHI BLET &COUNT20=W(PATH27)+W(PATH271)+W(PATH272)_ +W(SPTP11)+W(SPTP12)+_ Q(SHOVELP)+F(SHOVELP) SHOVEL P & H TEST L &COUNT10,&COUNT20,PATHP27 PATH27 GOES TO P & H TRANSFER ,PATHP26 GOES TO LOADER
************************* PATHP41 PRIORITY 0 UNLOADED TRUCKS HAVE PRIORITY 0 102
TRAVEL2 MACRO &PP,41,41 SEIZE INTERE TRAVEL2 MACRO &QQ,42,42 RELEASE INTERE TRANSFER ,PATHP49 PATHP5 ADVANCE 0 TEST NE PH1,1,POS1 CHECK FOR TRUCK TYPE - DO NOT SEND CAT TO P & H TRAVEL MACRO &F,5,5,5 SHOVELL1 ADVANCE 0 ******************************** * SHOVEL P & H * ******************************** QUEUE SHOVELP TRANSFER BOTH,,NEXT1 SEIZE SPOTSP1 SPOT AT SHOVEL P & H DEPART SHOVELP SPTP11 ADVANCE FN(SPOTSP) SPOT TIME AT SHOVEL P & H TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -16.45 -0.72 SEIZE SHOVELP USE THE P & H AT MACKAY PIT RELEASE SPOTSP1 TRANSFER ,CATCH1 NEXT1 SEIZE SPOTSP2 SPOT2 AT SHOVEL P & H AT MACKAY PIT DEPART SHOVELP SPTP12 ADVANCE FN(SPOTSP) SPOT TIME TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -17.44 -0.40 SEIZE SHOVELP USE THE P & H AT MACKAY PIT RELEASE SPOTSP2 CATCH1 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,1,TYPES2 CHECK FOR CAT TRUCK TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -16.88 -0.33 ADVANCE FN(LOADPHC) LOAD AT SHOVEL 1 CAT TRUCK ASSIGN 2,FN(SORT1),PH ASSIGN THE TYPE OF MATERIALS RELEASE SHOVELP ASSIGN 1,FN(CATCAP),PL BLET &AAP789=&AAP789+1 103
BLET &BBP789=&BBP789+PL1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=7,AC1,&AAP789,&BBP789,_ QA(SHOVELP),XID1,FR(SHOVELP)/10.,FC(SHOVELP) TIME *.**** WRITE MP31 *** WRITE MP30 *****.** WRITE MP27 **.** SET T* CLASS FCAT WRITE MP24 **.**% WRITE MP23 *** PRIORITY 10 LOADED TRUCKS HAVE HIGH PRIORITY TRANSFER ,FN(DIV11) TYPES2 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,2,TYPES3 CHECK FOR KOMA TRUCK TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -16.88 -0.33 ADVANCE FN(LOADPHK) LOAD A KOMA TRUCK ASSIGN 2,FN(SORT1),PH ASSIGN THE TYPE OF MATERIALS T0 KOMA RELEASE SHOVELP ASSIGN 1,FN(KOMCAP),PL BLET &AAP930=&AAP930+1 BLET &BBP930=&BBP930+PL1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=7,AC1,&AAP930,&BBP930,_ QA(SHOVELP),XID1,FR(SHOVELP)/10.,FC(SHOVELP) TIME *.**** WRITE MP29 *** WRITE MP28 *****.** WRITE MP27 **.** SET T* CLASS FKOMA WRITE MP24 **.**% WRITE MP23 *** PRIORITY 10 TRANSFER ,FN(DIV11) TYPES3 ADVANCE 0 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -16.88 -0.33 ADVANCE FN(LOADPHH) LOAD A HITA TRUCK 104
ASSIGN 2,FN(SORT1),PH ASSIGN THE TYPE OF MATERIALS TO HITA TRUCK RELEASE SHOVELP ASSIGN 1,FN(HITCAP),PL BLET &AAP500=&AAP500+1 BLET &BBP500=&BBP500+PL1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=7,AC1,&AAP500,&BBP500,_ QA(SHOVELP),XID1,FR(SHOVELP)/10.,FC(SHOVELP) TIME *.**** WRITE MP26 *** WRITE MP25 *****.** WRITE MP27 **.** SET T* CLASS FHITA WRITE MP24 **.**% WRITE MP23 *** PRIORITY 10 TRANSFER ,FN(DIV11) LOC2 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL2 MACRO &J,9,9 PATHP14 ADVANCE 0 SEIZE INTERB TRAVEL2 MACRO &O,14,14 RELEASE INTERB MARK 8PL TRAVEL2 MACRO &P,15,15 TRANSFER ,FN(DIV3) LIME SILO OR NOT? BLOCKE ADVANCE 0 GETS LIME TRAVEL2 MACRO &Q,16,16 ********************************** * LIME-SILO SEGMENT ********************************** QUEUE SILO TRUCK AT LIME SILO SEIZE SILO IS THE SILO FREE? DEPART SILO LEAVE THE QUEUE TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=3,AC1,FC(SILO) TIME *.**** WRITE LIME *** WRITE LIME1 TRUCK IS GETTING LIME! ADVANCE 1,.05 ADD LIME RELEASE SILO FREE THE SILO TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1 TIME *.**** 105
WRITE LIME1 TRAVEL2 MACRO &S,18,18 TRANSFER ,PATHP19 BLOCKF ADVANCE 0 GOES TO LEACH PAD DIRECTLY TRAVEL2 MACRO &R,17,17 PATHP19 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL2 MACRO &T,19,19 ****************************** * DUMP CELL 18 ****************************** LDUMP ADVANCE FN(SLEACH) SPOT TIME AT LEACH TEST E PH1,1,TYPE80 CHECK FOR CAT TRUCK ADVANCE RVNORM(1,.7,.1) DUMP A LOAD OF LEACH BLET &TOTLEC=&TOTLEC+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL LEACH TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTLEC,N(LDUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS CAT WRITE M10 ******.** WRITE M11 *** PRIORITY 0 EMPTY TRUCKS HAVE LOW PRIORITY TRANSFER ,PATHP20 TYPE80 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,2,TYPE85 CHECK FOR KOMA TRUCK ADVANCE RVNORM(1,1,.2) DUMPS A LOAD OF LEACH BLET &TOTLEC=&TOTLEC+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL LEACH TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTLEC,N(LDUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS KOMA WRITE M10 ******.** WRITE M11 *** PRIORITY 0 EMPTY TRUCKS HAVELOW PRIORITY TRANSFER ,PATHP20 TYPE85 ADVANCE 0 ADVANCE RVNORM(1,1,.2) DUMPS A LOAD OF LEACH BLET &TOTLEC=&TOTLEC+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL LEACH TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTLEC,N(LDUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS HITA WRITE M10 ******.** WRITE M11 *** PRIORITY 0 EMPLY TRUCKS HAVE LOW PRIORITY PATHP20 ADVANCE 0 106
TRAVEL2 MACRO &U,20,20 TRAVEL2 MACRO &V,21,21 TRAVEL2 MACRO &C,3,3 TRAVEL PATH P3 SEIZE INTERB TRAVEL2 MACRO &D,4,4 TRAVEL PATH P4 RELEASE INTERB TABULATE TRAVML TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=3,AC1,TB(TRAVML),MP8PL TIME *.**** WRITE MLM **.** WRITE MLM1 **.** TRANSFER ,PATHP3 ************************************* PATHP6 ADVANCE 0 THIS BLOCK GOES TO LOADER 1/HITACHI POS1 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL MACRO &I,6,6,6 SEIZE INTERX TRAVEL MACRO &K,61,61,61 RELEASE INTERX TRAVEL MACRO &W,62,62,62 LOADERR1 ADVANCE 0 *************************************** * LOADER 1/HITACHI AT PIT MACKAY *************************************** QUEUE LOADER1 TRANSFER BOTH,,NEXT2 SEIZE SPOTL1 SPOT AT LOADER 1 DEPART LOADER1 NSPT11 ADVANCE FN(SPOTL1) SPOT TIME AT LOADER 1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -24.28 -0.67 SEIZE LOADER1 USE THE LOADER AT MACKAY PIT RELEASE SPOTL1 TRANSFER ,CATCH2 NEXT2 SEIZE SPOTL2 SPOT AT LOADER 1 DEPART LOADER1 NSPT12 ADVANCE FN(SPOTL1) SPOT TIME AT LOADER 1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -24.51 -0.06 SEIZE LOADER1 USE THE LOADER AT MACKAY PIT 107
RELEASE SPOTL2 CATCH2 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,1,TYPE2 CHECK FOR CAT TRUCK TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -24.04 -0.21 ADVANCE FN(EXCAT) LOAD AT LOADER-1 CAT TRUCK ASSIGN 2,FN(SORT11),PH ASSIGN THE TYPE OF MATERIALS BY LOADER RELEASE LOADER1 ASSIGN 1,FN(CATCAP),PL BLET &A789=&A789+1 BLET &B789=&B789+PL1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=7,AC1,&A789,&B789,_ QA(LOADER1),XID1,FR(LOADER1)/10.,FC(LOADER1) TIME *.**** WRITE M1 *** WRITE M2 *****.** WRITE M3 **.** SET T* CLASS FCAT WRITE M4 **.**% WRITE M5 *** PRIORITY 10 LOADED TRUCKS HAVE HIGHER PRIORITY TRANSFER ,FN(DIV111) TYPE2 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,2,TYPE3 CHECK FOR KOMA TRUCK TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -24.04 -0.21 ADVANCE FN(EXKOM) LOAD A KOMA TRUCK AT LOADER 1 ASSIGN 2,FN(SORT11),PH ASSIGN THE TYPE OF MATERIALS RELEASE LOADER1 ASSIGN 1,FN(KOMCAP),PL BLET &A930=&A930+1 BLET &B930=&B930+PL1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=7,AC1,&A930,&B930,_ QA(LOADER1),XID1,FR(LOADER1)/10.,FC(LOADER1) TIME *.**** WRITE M6 *** WRITE M7 *****.** WRITE M3 **.** 108
SET T* CLASS FKOMA WRITE M4 **.**% WRITE M5 *** PRIORITY 10 LOADED TRUCKS HAVE HIGHER PRIORITY TRANSFER ,FN(DIV111) TYPE3 ADVANCE 0 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -24.04 -0.21 ADVANCE FN(EXHIT) LOAD OF HITA TRUCK AT LOADER 1 ASSIGN 2,FN(SORT11),PH ASSIGN THE TYPE OF MATERIALS BY LOADER RELEASE LOADER1 ASSIGN 1,FN(HITCAP),PL BLET &A500=&A500+1 BLET &B500=&B500+PL1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=7,AC1,&A500,&B500,_ QA(LOADER1),XID1,FR(LOADER1)/10.,FC(LOADER1) TIME *.**** WRITE M8 *** WRITE M9 *****.** WRITE M3 **.** SET T* CLASS FHITA WRITE M4 **.**% WRITE M5 *** PRIORITY 10 LOADED TRUCKS HAVE HIGHER PRIORITY TRANSFER ,FN(DIV111) LOC22 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL2 MACRO &M,11,11 SEIZE INTERX TRAVEL2 MACRO &KK,111,111 RELEASE INTERX TRAVEL2 MACRO &TT,112,112 TRANSFER ,PATHP14 INSERT MARISMOVE.DAT INSERT MARICLOCK.DAT ************************************************
************************************************ * PROGRAM TIMER SEGMENT ************************************************ GENERATE &SHIFTS*&EHOURS*60 TERMINATE 1 109
START 1 INSERT MARIOUT.DAT PUTSTRING (' ') PUTSTRING (' ') PUTSTRING ('DO YOU WANT TO RUN THE MARIGOLD SIMULATION PROGRAM AGAIN? (Y/N)') PUTSTRING (' ') GETLIST &RUN IF (&RUN'NE''N')AND(&RUN'NE''n') GOTO AGAIN ENDIF PUTSTRING (' ') PUTSTRING (' ---SIMULATION PROGRAM IS OVER---') PUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1 TIME *.**** END END
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Appendix C: Case Study #3 simulation and animation programs for P&H in operation only in Mackay pit (GPSS/H® and PROOF Professional®)
************************************************************************ ** * SIMULATION MODEL OF MARIGOLD MINE - SILVER STANDARD * * * * THE MINE IS LOCATED IN HUMBOLT COUNTY, NEVADA USA * * IT IS ON THE BATTLE MOUNTAIN-EUREKA TRAND * * * * BY EBRAHIM TARSHIZI & VIRGINIA IBARRA * * DEPT. OF MINING & METALLURGY * * UNIVERISTY OF NEVADA, RENO * * RENO, NEVADA 89557 * * [email protected] * * [email protected] * * * * PROJECT COORDINATOR: DR. DANNY TAYLOR, UNR, RENO * * dtaylor2mines.unr.edu * * * * IN ASSOCIATION WITH: * * * * DR. JOHN R. STURGUL * * JRS CONSULTING SERVICES * * ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA * * jsturgul2civeng.adelaide,edu.au * * * * Case Study #3 (P&H Only) March 2015 * * * * THE PROGRAM IS WRITTEN USING PROFESSIONAL GPSS/H(R) * * IT WILL ONLY RUN WITH THE FULL VERSION AND THE * * NECESSARY SECURITY KEY * ************************************************************************ ** SIMULATE ATF FILEDEF 'MARI13.ATF' FILE NEEDED FOR THE ANIMATION MARITT FILEDEF 'MARIEXCEL.XLS' EXCEL SPREADSHEET FILE MARIOUT FILEDEF 'MARI.OUT' OUTFILE - SAVED IN SUB-DIRECTORY 111
* WHERE PROGRAM WAS RUN ************************************************************ * THE PROGRAM IS WRITTEN IN SEGMENTAL FORM * * THERE IS THE MAIN PROGRAM AND 8 SEGMENTS THAT ARE * * INSERTED VIA THE INSERT STATEMENT, THE FIRST 5 * * ARE BELOW. * * THE SEGMENTS ARE: * * * * MARIVAR.DAT ALL VARIABLES USED IN THE PROGRAM * * THESE ARE CALLED AMPERVARIBLES * * MARIFUN.DAT THE FUNCTIONS USED * * MARIMENU.DAT INPUT MENU (USER INTERFACE) * * MARIMACRO.DAT MACROS USED - THESE CUT DOWN THE * * PROGRAMMING LINES CONSIDERABLY * * FOR A DESCRIPTION OF HOW THEY WORK, * * SEE WRITE-UP OF PROGRAM * * MARITABLE.DAT THE TABLES MADE FOR CYCLE TIMES * * MARISMOVE.DAT MOVEMENT OF SHOVELS DURING LOADING * * MARICLOCK.DAT CLOCK SEGMENT FOR ANIMATION * * MARIOUT.DAT OUTPUT FROM SIMULATION * ************************************************************
INSERT MARIVAR.DAT INPUT THE VARIABLES USED INSERT MARIFUN.DAT INPUT THE FUNCTIONS INSERT MARIMENU.DAT USER'S MENU INSERT MARIMACRO.DAT MACROS USED INSERT MARITABLE.DAT TABLES FORMED ********************************** * SEGMENT FOR ANIMATION * * THIS IS A GPSS/H SUBROUTINE * ********************************** MYBOOL BVARIABLE (&YES'E''Y')OR(&YES'E''y') ANIM TEST E BV(MYBOOL),1,PH3+2 TRANSFER ,PH3+1 * END OF SUBROUTINE * PROGRAM BEGINS NEXT *************************** PUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,&CAT,&KOMA,&HITA TIME *.**** WRITE NT1 ** WRITE NT2 ** WRITE NT3 **
****************************************** * START WITH CAT TRUCKS IN THE MINE * 112
****************************************** GENERATE 3,,0,&CAT,,12PH,12PL ASSIGN 1,1,PH CAT TRUCKS ARE NUMBER 1 TRUCKS TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=3,AC1,XID1,XID1 TIME *.**** CREATE CAT T* PLACE T* AT 15.30 7.30 TRANSFER ,FIRSTA
****************************************** * START WITH KOMA TRUCKS IN THE MINE * ****************************************** GENERATE 3,,4,&KOMA,,12PH,12PL ASSIGN 1,2,PH THESE ARE NUMBER 2 TRUCKS-KOMATSU TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=3,AC1,XID1,XID1 TIME *.**** CREATE KOMA T* PLACE T* AT 15.30 7.30 TRANSFER ,FIRSTA
********************************************* * START WITH HITACHI TRUCKS IN THE MINE * ********************************************* GENERATE 3,,8,&HITA,,12PH,12PL ASSIGN 1,3,PH HITACHI TRUCKS ARE NUMBER 3 TRUCKS TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=3,AC1,XID1,XID1 TIME *.**** CREATE HITA T* PLACE T* AT 15.30 7.30 FIRSTA ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL2 MACRO &A,1,1 TRAVEL PATH P1 TRAVEL2 MACRO &B,2,2 TRAVEL PATH P2 TRAVEL2 MACRO &C,3,3 TRAVEL PATH P3 SEIZE INTERB TRAVEL2 MACRO &D,4,4 TRAVEL PATH P4 RELEASE INTERB PATHP3 ADVANCE 0 ********************************* * DISPATCH GOES HERE *********************************
BLET &COUNT1=W(PATH5)+W(SPTP11)+W(SPTP12)_ 113
+Q(SHOVELP)+F(SHOVELP) BLET &COUNT2=W(PATH6)+W(PATH61)+W(PATH62)_ +W(NSPT11)+W(NSPT12)_ +Q(LOADER1)+F(LOADER1)+100 TEST LE &COUNT1,&COUNT2,PATHP6 TRANSFER ,PATHP5 GOES TO SHOVEL P & H ********************************** PATHP27 ADVANCE 0 TEST NE PH1,1,POS2 CHECK FOR CAT TRUCK TRAVEL MACRO &CC,27,27,27 SEIZE INTERX TRAVEL MACRO &E,271,271,271 RELEASE INTERX TRAVEL MACRO &EE,272,272,272 TRANSFER ,SHOVELL1
LOC1 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,1,SORTD2 CHECK FOR CAT TRUCK TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS FCAT2 TRANSFER ,NEWC2 SORTD2 TEST E PH1,2,SORTD3 CHECK FOR KOMA2 TRUCK TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS FKOMA2 TRANSFER ,NEWC2 SORTD3 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 CHECK FOR HITA TRUCK TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS FHITA2 NEWC2 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL2 MACRO &II,34,34 SEIZE INTERX TRAVEL2 MACRO &G,341,341 RELEASE INTERX TRAVEL2 MACRO &H,342,342 TRANSFER ,PATHP37 PATHP26 ADVANCE 0 POS2 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL MACRO &DD,26,26,26 TRANSFER ,LOADERR1
114
LOC11 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,1,SORTT2 CHECK FOR CAT TRUCK TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS FCAT2 TRANSFER ,NEWC SORTT2 TEST E PH1,2,SORTT3 CHECK FORKOMA TRUCK TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS FKOMA2 TRANSFER ,NEWC SORTT3 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 CHECK FOR HITA TRUCK TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS FHITA2 NEWC ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL2 MACRO &JJ,35,35
PATHP37 ADVANCE 0 SEIZE INTERD TRAVEL2 MACRO &LL,37,37 RELEASE INTERD MARK 7PL MAKE RECORD OF TIME TRAVEL2 MACRO &MM,38,38 GOES TO DUMP LOWER/WEST OR UPPER TROUT FROM MACKAY (2) TRAVEL2 MACRO &HH,380,380 SEIZE INTERE TRAVEL2 MACRO &NN,39,39 RELEASE INTERE TRANSFER ,FN(DIV7) GOES TO DUMP LOWER/WEST & UPPER TROUT CREEK BLOCKO ADVANCE 0 GOES TO DUMP LOWER/WEST TRAVEL2 MACRO &OO,40,40 ************************************ * DUMP LOWER/WEST ************************************ TDUMP ADVANCE FN(SDUMP) SPOT TIME AT DUMP TEST E PH1,1,TYPE2222 CHECK FOR CAT TRUCK ADVANCE RVNORM(1,.7,.1) TIME OF DUMP A LOAD OF WASTE BLET &TOTTD=&TOTTD+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL WASTE TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTTD,N(TDUMP) TIME *.**** 115
SET T* CLASS CAT2 WRITE M12 ******.** WRITE M13 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP41 TYPE2222 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,2,TYPE3333 CHECK FOR KOMA TRUCK ADVANCE RVNORM(1,1,.2) DUMPS A LOAD OF WASTE BLET &TOTTD=&TOTTD+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL WASTE TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTTD,N(TDUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS KOMA2 WRITE M12 ******.** WRITE M13 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP41 TYPE3333 ADVANCE 0 ADVANCE RVNORM(1,1,.2) DUMPS A LOAD OF WASTE BLET &TOTTD=&TOTTD+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL WASTE TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTTD,N(TDUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS HITA2 WRITE M12 ******.** WRITE M13 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP41 BLOCKP ADVANCE 0 GOES TO UPPER TROUT CREEK TRAVEL2 MACRO &UU,46,46 ************************************ * DUMP UPPER TROUT CREEK ************************************ TCDUMP ADVANCE FN(SDUMP) SPOT TIME AT DUMP TEST E PH1,1,TYPE222 CHECK FOR CAT TRUCK ADVANCE RVNORM(1,.7,.1) TIME OF DUMP A LOAD OF WASTE BLET &TOTTDU=&TOTTDU+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL WASTE TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTTDU,N(TCDUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS CAT2 WRITE MU12 ******.** WRITE MU13 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP47 TYPE222 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,2,TYPE333 CHECK FOR KOMA TRUCK ADVANCE RVNORM(1,1,.2) DUMPS A LOAD OF WASTE BLET &TOTTDU=&TOTTDU+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL WASTE 116
TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTTDU,N(TCDUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS KOMA2 WRITE MU12 ******.** WRITE MU13 *** TRANSFER ,PATHP47 TYPE333 ADVANCE 0 ADVANCE RVNORM(1,1,.2) DUMPS A LOAD OF WASTE BLET &TOTTDU=&TOTTDU+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL WASTE TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTTDU,N(TCDUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS HITA2 WRITE MU12 ******.** WRITE MU13 *** PATHP47 PRIORITY 0 UNLOADED TRUCKS HAVE PRIORITY 0 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL2 MACRO &VV,47,47 SEIZE INTERE TRAVEL2 MACRO &WW,48,48 RELEASE INTERE PATHP49 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL2 MACRO &XX,49,49 TRAVEL2 MACRO &AA,490,490 TABULATE TRAVMD TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=3,AC1,TB(TRAVMD),MP7PL TIME *.**** WRITE MMD **.** WRITE MMD1 **.** SEIZE INTERD TRAVEL2 MACRO &YY,50,50 RELEASE INTERD ********************************* * DISPATCH ON THE WAY BACK ********************************* BLET &COUNT10=W(PATH26)+W(NSPT11)+W(NSPT12)+_ Q(LOADER1)+F(LOADER1)+100 LOADER 1/HITACHI BLET &COUNT20=W(PATH27)+W(PATH271)+W(PATH272)_ +W(SPTP11)+W(SPTP12)+_ Q(SHOVELP)+F(SHOVELP) SHOVEL P & H TEST L &COUNT10,&COUNT20,PATHP27 PATH27 GOES TO P & H TRANSFER ,PATHP26 GOES TO LOADER
117
************************* PATHP41 PRIORITY 0 UNLOADED TRUCKS HAVE PRIORITY 0 TRAVEL2 MACRO &PP,41,41 SEIZE INTERE TRAVEL2 MACRO &QQ,42,42 RELEASE INTERE TRANSFER ,PATHP49 PATHP5 ADVANCE 0 TEST NE PH1,1,POS1 CHECK FOR TRUCK TYPE - DO NOT SEND CAT TO P & H TRAVEL MACRO &F,5,5,5 SHOVELL1 ADVANCE 0 ******************************** * SHOVEL P & H * ******************************** QUEUE SHOVELP TRANSFER BOTH,,NEXT1 SEIZE SPOTSP1 SPOT AT SHOVEL P & H DEPART SHOVELP SPTP11 ADVANCE FN(SPOTSP) SPOT TIME AT SHOVEL P & H TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -16.45 -0.72 SEIZE SHOVELP USE THE P & H AT MACKAY PIT RELEASE SPOTSP1 TRANSFER ,CATCH1 NEXT1 SEIZE SPOTSP2 SPOT2 AT SHOVEL P & H AT MACKAY PIT DEPART SHOVELP SPTP12 ADVANCE FN(SPOTSP) SPOT TIME TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -17.44 -0.40 SEIZE SHOVELP USE THE P & H AT MACKAY PIT RELEASE SPOTSP2 CATCH1 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,1,TYPES2 CHECK FOR CAT TRUCK TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -16.88 -0.33 ADVANCE FN(LOADPHC) LOAD AT SHOVEL 1 CAT TRUCK ASSIGN 2,FN(SORT1),PH ASSIGN THE TYPE OF MATERIALS RELEASE SHOVELP 118
ASSIGN 1,FN(CATCAP),PL BLET &AAP789=&AAP789+1 BLET &BBP789=&BBP789+PL1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=7,AC1,&AAP789,&BBP789,_ QA(SHOVELP),XID1,FR(SHOVELP)/10.,FC(SHOVELP) TIME *.**** WRITE MP31 *** WRITE MP30 *****.** WRITE MP27 **.** SET T* CLASS FCAT WRITE MP24 **.**% WRITE MP23 *** PRIORITY 10 LOADED TRUCKS HAVE HIGH PRIORITY TRANSFER ,FN(DIV11) TYPES2 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,2,TYPES3 CHECK FOR KOMA TRUCK TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -16.88 -0.33 ADVANCE FN(LOADPHK) LOAD A KOMA TRUCK ASSIGN 2,FN(SORT1),PH ASSIGN THE TYPE OF MATERIALS T0 KOMA RELEASE SHOVELP ASSIGN 1,FN(KOMCAP),PL BLET &AAP930=&AAP930+1 BLET &BBP930=&BBP930+PL1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=7,AC1,&AAP930,&BBP930,_ QA(SHOVELP),XID1,FR(SHOVELP)/10.,FC(SHOVELP) TIME *.**** WRITE MP29 *** WRITE MP28 *****.** WRITE MP27 **.** SET T* CLASS FKOMA WRITE MP24 **.**% WRITE MP23 *** PRIORITY 10 TRANSFER ,FN(DIV11) TYPES3 ADVANCE 0 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -16.88 -0.33 119
ADVANCE FN(LOADPHH) LOAD A HITA TRUCK ASSIGN 2,FN(SORT1),PH ASSIGN THE TYPE OF MATERIALS TO HITA TRUCK RELEASE SHOVELP ASSIGN 1,FN(HITCAP),PL BLET &AAP500=&AAP500+1 BLET &BBP500=&BBP500+PL1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=7,AC1,&AAP500,&BBP500,_ QA(SHOVELP),XID1,FR(SHOVELP)/10.,FC(SHOVELP) TIME *.**** WRITE MP26 *** WRITE MP25 *****.** WRITE MP27 **.** SET T* CLASS FHITA WRITE MP24 **.**% WRITE MP23 *** PRIORITY 10 TRANSFER ,FN(DIV11) LOC2 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL2 MACRO &J,9,9 PATHP14 ADVANCE 0 SEIZE INTERB TRAVEL2 MACRO &O,14,14 RELEASE INTERB MARK 8PL TRAVEL2 MACRO &P,15,15 TRANSFER ,FN(DIV3) LIME SILO OR NOT? BLOCKE ADVANCE 0 GETS LIME TRAVEL2 MACRO &Q,16,16 ********************************** * LIME-SILO SEGMENT ********************************** QUEUE SILO TRUCK AT LIME SILO SEIZE SILO IS THE SILO FREE? DEPART SILO LEAVE THE QUEUE TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=3,AC1,FC(SILO) TIME *.**** WRITE LIME *** WRITE LIME1 TRUCK IS GETTING LIME! ADVANCE 1,.05 ADD LIME RELEASE SILO FREE THE SILO TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1 120
TIME *.**** WRITE LIME1 TRAVEL2 MACRO &S,18,18 TRANSFER ,PATHP19 BLOCKF ADVANCE 0 GOES TO LEACH PAD DIRECTLY TRAVEL2 MACRO &R,17,17 PATHP19 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL2 MACRO &T,19,19 ****************************** * DUMP CELL 18 ****************************** LDUMP ADVANCE FN(SLEACH) SPOT TIME AT LEACH TEST E PH1,1,TYPE80 CHECK FOR CAT TRUCK ADVANCE RVNORM(1,.7,.1) DUMP A LOAD OF LEACH BLET &TOTLEC=&TOTLEC+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL LEACH TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTLEC,N(LDUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS CAT WRITE M10 ******.** WRITE M11 *** PRIORITY 0 EMPTY TRUCKS HAVE LOW PRIORITY TRANSFER ,PATHP20 TYPE80 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,2,TYPE85 CHECK FOR KOMA TRUCK ADVANCE RVNORM(1,1,.2) DUMPS A LOAD OF LEACH BLET &TOTLEC=&TOTLEC+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL LEACH TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTLEC,N(LDUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS KOMA WRITE M10 ******.** WRITE M11 *** PRIORITY 0 EMPTY TRUCKS HAVELOW PRIORITY TRANSFER ,PATHP20 TYPE85 ADVANCE 0 ADVANCE RVNORM(1,1,.2) DUMPS A LOAD OF LEACH BLET &TOTLEC=&TOTLEC+PL1 ADD TO TOTAL LEACH TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=4,AC1,XID1,&TOTLEC,N(LDUMP) TIME *.**** SET T* CLASS HITA WRITE M10 ******.** WRITE M11 *** PRIORITY 0 EMPLY TRUCKS HAVE LOW PRIORITY 121
PATHP20 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL2 MACRO &U,20,20 TRAVEL2 MACRO &V,21,21 TRAVEL2 MACRO &C,3,3 TRAVEL PATH P3 SEIZE INTERB TRAVEL2 MACRO &D,4,4 TRAVEL PATH P4 RELEASE INTERB TABULATE TRAVML TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=3,AC1,TB(TRAVML),MP8PL TIME *.**** WRITE MLM **.** WRITE MLM1 **.** TRANSFER ,PATHP3 ************************************* PATHP6 ADVANCE 0 THIS BLOCK GOES TO LOADER 1/HITACHI POS1 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL MACRO &I,6,6,6 SEIZE INTERX TRAVEL MACRO &K,61,61,61 RELEASE INTERX TRAVEL MACRO &W,62,62,62 LOADERR1 ADVANCE 0 *************************************** * LOADER 1/HITACHI AT PIT MACKAY *************************************** QUEUE LOADER1 TRANSFER BOTH,,NEXT2 SEIZE SPOTL1 SPOT AT LOADER 1 DEPART LOADER1 NSPT11 ADVANCE FN(SPOTL1) SPOT TIME AT LOADER 1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -24.28 -0.67 SEIZE LOADER1 USE THE LOADER AT MACKAY PIT RELEASE SPOTL1 TRANSFER ,CATCH2 NEXT2 SEIZE SPOTL2 SPOT AT LOADER 1 DEPART LOADER1 NSPT12 ADVANCE FN(SPOTL1) SPOT TIME AT LOADER 1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -24.51 -0.06 122
SEIZE LOADER1 USE THE LOADER AT MACKAY PIT RELEASE SPOTL2 CATCH2 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,1,TYPE2 CHECK FOR CAT TRUCK TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -24.04 -0.21 ADVANCE FN(EXCAT) LOAD AT LOADER-1 CAT TRUCK ASSIGN 2,FN(SORT11),PH ASSIGN THE TYPE OF MATERIALS BY LOADER RELEASE LOADER1 ASSIGN 1,FN(CATCAP),PL BLET &A789=&A789+1 BLET &B789=&B789+PL1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=7,AC1,&A789,&B789,_ QA(LOADER1),XID1,FR(LOADER1)/10.,FC(LOADER1) TIME *.**** WRITE M1 *** WRITE M2 *****.** WRITE M3 **.** SET T* CLASS FCAT WRITE M4 **.**% WRITE M5 *** PRIORITY 10 LOADED TRUCKS HAVE HIGHER PRIORITY TRANSFER ,FN(DIV111) TYPE2 ADVANCE 0 TEST E PH1,2,TYPE3 CHECK FOR KOMA TRUCK TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -24.04 -0.21 ADVANCE FN(EXKOM) LOAD A KOMA TRUCK AT LOADER 1 ASSIGN 2,FN(SORT11),PH ASSIGN THE TYPE OF MATERIALS RELEASE LOADER1 ASSIGN 1,FN(KOMCAP),PL BLET &A930=&A930+1 BLET &B930=&B930+PL1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=7,AC1,&A930,&B930,_ QA(LOADER1),XID1,FR(LOADER1)/10.,FC(LOADER1) TIME *.**** WRITE M6 *** WRITE M7 *****.** 123
WRITE M3 **.** SET T* CLASS FKOMA WRITE M4 **.**% WRITE M5 *** PRIORITY 10 LOADED TRUCKS HAVE HIGHER PRIORITY TRANSFER ,FN(DIV111) TYPE3 ADVANCE 0 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1,XID1 TIME *.**** PLACE T* AT -24.04 -0.21 ADVANCE FN(EXHIT) LOAD OF HITA TRUCK AT LOADER 1 ASSIGN 2,FN(SORT11),PH ASSIGN THE TYPE OF MATERIALS BY LOADER RELEASE LOADER1 ASSIGN 1,FN(HITCAP),PL BLET &A500=&A500+1 BLET &B500=&B500+PL1 TRANSFER SBR,ANIM,3PH BPUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=7,AC1,&A500,&B500,_ QA(LOADER1),XID1,FR(LOADER1)/10.,FC(LOADER1) TIME *.**** WRITE M8 *** WRITE M9 *****.** WRITE M3 **.** SET T* CLASS FHITA WRITE M4 **.**% WRITE M5 *** PRIORITY 10 LOADED TRUCKS HAVE HIGHER PRIORITY TRANSFER ,FN(DIV111) LOC22 ADVANCE 0 TRAVEL2 MACRO &M,11,11 SEIZE INTERX TRAVEL2 MACRO &KK,111,111 RELEASE INTERX TRAVEL2 MACRO &TT,112,112 TRANSFER ,PATHP14 INSERT MARISMOVE.DAT INSERT MARICLOCK.DAT ************************************************
************************************************ * PROGRAM TIMER SEGMENT ************************************************ GENERATE &SHIFTS*&EHOURS*60 124
TERMINATE 1 START 1 INSERT MARIOUT.DAT PUTSTRING (' ') PUTSTRING (' ') PUTSTRING ('DO YOU WANT TO RUN THE MARIGOLD SIMULATION PROGRAM AGAIN? (Y/N)') PUTSTRING (' ') GETLIST &RUN IF (&RUN'NE''N')AND(&RUN'NE''n') GOTO AGAIN ENDIF PUTSTRING (' ') PUTSTRING (' ---SIMULATION PROGRAM IS OVER---') PUTPIC FILE=ATF,LINES=2,AC1 TIME *.**** END END