Xerox University Microfilms 74-11,020

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Xerox University Microfilms 74-11,020 f'ÎERRITr, Floyd Emest, 1936- WILLIAM F. BUCKLEY, JR.: SPOKESMAN FOR CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN CONSERVATISM--A CLASSICAL-WEAVERIAN RHETORICAL ANALYSIS. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1973 Speech University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan 0 1974 FLOYD ERNEST MERRITT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACi’LY AS RECEIVED. VllLLim F. 6UCKLEY, JR.; SPOKESMAN FOF. CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN CONSSRVATISM--A CLASS ZCAL-WEAVERIAN RHETORICAL ANALYSIS DISSEFi^’ATlON Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Floyd Ernest Merritt, B.A., A.M. The Ohio State University 1973 Reading Committee; Approved By Dr. James Golden Dr. Keith Brooks Dr. John Makay Départirent of Speech-Comir.unication ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to acknowledge the obvious fact that although this dissertation is his work and responsi bility, it required the counsel, assistance, cooperation, and encouragement of many individuals. Acknowledgement and ap preciation must be extended to my wife, Betty, without whose encouragement, cooperation, and understanding this disserta tion could not have been completed. The wise counsel, competent guidance, and gentle prodding of Dr. James Golden, Chairman of the dissertation committee, is gratefully acknowledged as well as the assis tance of the other members of the committee. Dr. Keith Brooks and Dr. John Makay. Appreciation is extended to Dr. Richard Johannesen and to Dr. Ralph Eubanks for valuable suggestions and research materials. The cordiality and cooperation of William F. Buckley, Jr. in granting a personal interview and supplying personal family data and records is gratefully acknowledged and appreciated. Appreciation is also due Ms. Catherine Babcock for responding to questions posed to her via tele phone and correspondence. The work of Linda Ricono in transcribing tapes and typing the manuscript and of Craig Dudczak in proofreading is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are also due Dr. Donald Garner, Dr. Donald Morlan, Mr. Glen Wiley, and the rest of my colleagues in the Department of Speech-Communication, Eastern Illinois University, for their sustained interest and encouragement. June 13, 1936 . Born -- Summit vil le, Tennessee 1961 ....... B.A., David Lipscomb College, Nashville, Tennessee 1961-1962 ......... Teaching Assistant, Department of Speech, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 1964 ........M.A., The University of Kansas 1964-1967 ........ Chairman, Department of Speech and Assistant to the President, Alabama Christian College, Montgomery, Alabama 1967-1968 ......... Teaching Associate, Department of Speech, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 1968-1970 ........ Teaching Associate, Department of Speech, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, and Executive Director of the Ohio High School Speech League 1970- ............ Assistant Professor, Department of Speech-Communication, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, Illinois PUBLICATIONS "Audience Analysis; A Computer Assisted Instrument For Speech Education." Today's Speech, XX, No. 1 (Winter, 1972), 49-50. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field; Speech Communication Rhetoric, Public Address, Interpersonal Communication TABI.E OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................... VITA ............................... Chapter I. INTRODUCTION ................ Purpose and Methodology Organization Research Sources Summary II. THE CONSERVATIVE MIND AND TIMES The Prosperous 20's and the Great Depression Roosevelt and the New Deal The Hundred Days The Second New Deal The Supreme Court and the New Deal The Rise of Contemporary American Conservatism Fundamental Conservative Tenets— The Liberal-Conservative Conflict Summary RICHARD M. WEAVER: CONSERVATIVE RHETORICAL THEORIST— HIS HIERARCHY OF TOPICS ........ Weaver— The Nature and Function of Rhetoric Ethical Proof— The Noble Lover Logical Proof— The Hierarchy of Topics Argument From Genus Argument From Similitude Ar^ment From Testimony and Authority Critique of Weaver's Hierarchy of Topics Summary IV. BUCKLEY— THE EPITOME OF THE CONSERVATIVE ETHOS ...................... .. Buckley's Heritage and Primaiy Influences Summary of Buckley's Heritage and Primary Influences Buckley's Ethos— Weaver's "Noble Lover" Buckley— Weaver's Ideal Rhetorician V. THE BUCKLEY LOGIC— A T-TEAVERIivN ANALYSIS . Analysis of "Reflections on the Current Disorder" Analysis of University of Virginia Commencement Address Analysis of Buckley's Arguments in the Buckley-Galbraith Debate Analysis of Argument From Playboy Interview Summary VI. GOD, DEVIL, AND CHARISMATIC TERMS IN THE LEXICON OF WILLIAM F. BUCKLEY, JR......... Buckley's Use of God Terms Buckley's Use of Devil Terms Buckley's Use of Charismatic Terms Buckley's Use of Language to Actualize Summary VII. SUMMARY Al^D IMPLICATIONS................ Summary of Purpose Summary of Criteria Summary of Buckley’s Ethical Proofs Summary of Buckley's Logical Proofs Summary of Buckley's Pathetic Proofs Conclusion and Implications APPENDIX A. ......................................... 260 B .............................................. 276 C.............................................. 279 D .............................................. 303 E. ....................................... 315 F ........................ 328 SOURCES CONSULTED ................................ 378 vi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION In his presidential address to the Speech Association of America Convention in Chicago in 1949, Dr. James McBurney chose to speak on the topic "The Plight of the Conservative in Public Discussion." Dean McBurney's address was subse quently published in the Quarterly Journal of Speech.^ In his address, drawing from his long experience as moderator of the Northwestern University Reviewing Stand, he lamented the scarcity of spokesmen able and willing to articulate the conservative point of view. He said further, "I have the temerity to argue that the conservatives in America have become inarticulate to a point where their voice does not do credit to their ideas and often does their cause a posi tive disservice."2 While McBurney did admit some conservative bias and confessed that at times he found himself wanting to come to the aid of the conservative spokesmen, his concern in the address was professional. He argues the point that ^James H. McBurney, "The Plight of the Conservative in Public Discussion," The Quarterly Journal of Speech. XXXVI (April, 1950), 164-8. 2Ibid., p. 164. 2 "discussion is the essence of the democratic process" and that whenever it is weakened, America is weakened. "A monolithic society is not conducive to vigorous discussion of public questions. We need differing points of view, and we need articulate spokesmen for those points of view. Thus, Dr. McBurney established a rationale for vigorous discussion of conflicting viewpoints in a democratic society in the tradition of Plato, John Stuart Mill, Zechariah Chafee, justice Black, and classical rhetoric and dialectic. In his classic work, the Rhetoric, Aristotle cited four "uses" of rhetoric and thereby established a rationale for its use and study, viz.: (1) by it truth and justice maintain their natural superiority; (2) it is suited to popular audiences since they cannot follow scientific demon stration; (3) it teaches us to see both sides of a case and to refute unfair arguments; and (4) it is a means of self- defense more natural to man than actual physical self-defense. In elaborating on the first of these "uses" of rhetoric, Aristotle says . "Rhetoric

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