Internet: a Major Resource for Toxicologists* San Joy Kumar Pal T, Aamir Nazir, Lndranil Mukhopadhyay, D K

Indian Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. J9, December2001, pp. 1207-1213

Mini Review

Internet: A major resource for toxicologists* San joy Kumar Pal t, Aamir Nazir, lndranil Mukhopadhyay, D K. Saxena & D Kar Chowdhuri * Embryotoxicology Section, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.B. No. 80, Lucknow 226 00 I, India

Use of the Internet in developing countries is now growing fa ster. Internet has created a new conduit not only for communication but also in the access, sharing and exchange of information among scientists. The Internet is now viewed as the world's biggest library where retrieval of scientific literature and other information resources are possible within seconds. Large volumes of toxicological information resources are available on the Internet. This review outlines some sites that may be of great importance and useful to the toxicologist.

The Internet is a huge network of computers that span information transfer over a telephone line) are 1 the globe • More popularly known as the "information indispensable. There are several ways to gain access superhighway" the Internet has become a very to the Internet backbone. For private use, one has to pervasive influence in everyday life. Its power is more look for an Internet Access Provider (lAP). This is a strongly seen among scientists, as more and more commercial company that provides access to its information is made available through "the net" Internet backbone network; connection with the whether they are gene sequences, experimental data customer is usually established via a modem and 2 or whole journal articles • The Internet is also an communication line. Apart from the necessary expanding body of information and now it is software, the subscriber is given a password and an perceived as the world's largest library. The Internet e-mail address; most providers also offer the is a powerful instrument for the exchange of scientific opportunity to install web page on their server. information for practitioners and researchers of 3 pharmaceutical and toxicological science . The The World Wide Web Internet originated in 1969 when an American The World Wide Web (often referred to as www) is Defence Advance Research Project Agency one of the most recent interesting and popular developed a computer network (ARPANET), 1 developments •• It offers user-friendly access to specially designed to survive foreign attack. millions of pages of information on computer all over the world. What is Internet The Internet is a large, worldwide network of The information on a World Wide Web is accessed interconnected computers. It consists of several via client program or 'browser'. Browsers are now communication media, the best known of which is the available for most operating systems. The most world wide web. The principal communication commonly used are Netscape Navigator and protocol of the Internet is TCP/IP (Transmission Microsoft Internet Explorer. Recent version of these programs allows moving images, video clippings and control protocoVInternet protocol), developed in the 4 1970s by the US Department of Defence. It was sound to be integrated in a web page . designed to connect networks of different vendors into a "network of networks" (the Internet). Navigating the Internet In search for scientific information, it is now Getting Connected to Internet possible to link your computer to computer/s all 5 For getting connected to the Internet a powerful around the world through Internet • The World Wide computer and a modem (machine that enables digital Web is a new resource for toxicologist. It is now possible to sit at a computer terminal and search for *I.T.R.C. Communicati on No. 2 150 information of interest from all over the world. tPresent address: Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi However, because of the enormous content of the PGI Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226 014; Email: [email protected] World Wide Web, it is important to know how to *Correspondent author: Email: dkarchowdhuri @rediffmail.com search the web effectively to avoid wasting of time 1208 INDIAN J EXP BIOL, DECEMBER 2001 and obtaining hardly useful information. The easiest Electronic Mail way is, of course, trying to obtain the exact Uniform Postal delivery at the speed of light is possible with Resource Locator (URL). If one knows the address electronic mail (e-mail or email). The Internet access for a particular web site, the same can be typed into provider (lAP) really functions as a post office, the location box of the browser and the user will receiving and forwarding electronic mail. The lAP automatically be connected to the correct site. Most of also provides the e-mail address, which is in the the time, however, the exact address will be unknown. general form [email protected], denotes the In this case, a 'search engine' can be used. name and mail server of the addressee separated by the @ ('at') sign. Not only text , but also photographs, Because the Internet is so large it is important to images, sound and video clippings can be attached to have an efficient way of finding the information that an e-mail message. one needs. Search engine is a software program that trawls the web, to index the contents of web servers Electronic Publication for a particular query. The name and addresses of few Starting in 1991 , Paul Ginsparg and colleagues at the popular search engines are given in Table 1. Los Alamos National Laboratory set up an automated

Table !- List of some popular search engines

Search Engines: Yahoo http:/lwww.yahoo.com

Excite http:/lwww .excite.com

MSN http:/lwww .msn.com

Jnfoseek http:/lwww .infoseek.com

Alta Vista http:/lwww .altavista.digital.com

Look smart http:/lwww .looksmart.com

Hot Bot http:/lwww.hotbot.com

Lycos http:/lwww.lycos.com

Northern Light http:/lwww.nlsearch.com Meta Search Engines :

Dogpile http:/lwww.dogpile.com

Eliter.com http:/lwww.eliter.com

The BigHub.com http:/lwww .thebighub.com

JUGALUG MP3 http:/lwww .jugalug.com/

CurryGuidc http:/lservices.currguide.com/

PopularSites.com http:/lwww .popularsites.com

Mcgasourccs http:/lwww .acr.ryerson.ca/-joumaVrnegasources.html

Profusion http:/lwww .profusion.com Indian Search Engines:

123 India http:/lwww. I 23india.com

Agni http:/lwww .indiawatch.org.inlagni/

India Search http:/lwww .indialinks.cornllinks!links.htm

Khoj http:/lwww.khoj.com

Yadoo http:/lwww. yadoo.com

Indian Hornepage Search http:/lindiatime.com/urls/indiaurls.htm

Search Engine for India related websites http:/lsearch.keralanuada.com/intemet-services/ PAL et al .: INTERNET: RESOURCE FOR TOXICOLOGISTS 1209

Table 2-Electronic Journals in the Net International Journal of Toxicology http:lflandaus.com/toxicology/journal.htm http://www.taylorandfrancis.com/JNLSffOC/tocito.htm Journal of Analytical Toxicology http://www.jatox.com/ Links to pharmacology and toxicology journals http://www.sciencekomm.at/journals/medicine/toxic.html Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry http://www .ruf.rice.edu/-etcj/ Toxicology and Environmental Health http://www.tandfdc.com/JNLS/teh.htm Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology http://www.apnet.com/www/journallto.htm E- Journal - Journal of Applied Toxicology http :Ill i brary.u sask .cafejourn al s/02/6/0260-4 3 7 X. h t ml E - Journal - Environmental To"xicology and Water Quality http:/11 ibrary .usask.calejournals/10/5/1 053-4 725. html E- Journal- Archives of Toxicology http://library.usask.ca/ejournals/03/4/0340-576 1.html E - Journal - Chemical Research in Toxicology http:lllibrary.usask.calejournals/08/9/0893-228X.html Electronic Journal - Inhalation Toxicology http:lllibrary.usask.calejournals/08/9/0895-8378.html E- Journal- Human and Experimental Toxicology http:llli brary .usask.calejournals/09/6/0960-327l.html E- Journal -Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology http:lflibrary. usask.calejournals/00/4/0041-008X.html Electronic Jou rnal - Environmental Epidemiology and Toxicology http:/llibrary.usask.calejournals/15/2/ 1522-7987 .html E- Journal - Toxicology and Industrial Health http://library.u s ask .calejournals/07/4/07 48-233 7 .html Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology http://www.apnet.com/www/journal/rt.htm E- Journal - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology http:/11 ibrary .usask.calejournals/0217/0273-2300.html E- Journal - Pharmacology & Toxicology http:lllibrary.usask.calejournals/09/0/090 l -9928.html Cell Bi ology and Tox icology http://www. wkap. nl/journalhome.htm/07 42-2091 Human and Experimental Toxicology http://www.stockton-press.co.ukfhet/ American Col lege of Medical Toxicology http://www.acmt.net/ Jou rnals of Bi omacromolecules Bi otechnolog Pharmacology and toxicology http://www.sciencekomm.at/journals/medicine/toxic.html EHIS Publications : Environmental Health Perspectives http://ehpnet l.niehs.nih.gov/docs/journals. html TOXUPS Medical journals med-bio.html http://www.sciencekomm.at/journals/medicine/ Bioline International- Toxicology and Ecotoxicology News http://www.bdt.org.brlbioline/te E-Journals: Toxicology Vet http://l ibrary .usask.calejournals/vtox. ht ml Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology http://www.med.ed.ac.uk/HEW/tox/toxjrnl.html Academic Press Journals http://www .apnet.corn!journals ACS Journals-Chemical Research in Toxicology http://pubs.acs.org/journals/crt.html Toxicology Environment, conservation and ecology Journals http://www.sciencekomm.at/journals/environ.html Environmental Journals on the Internet http://www.cnie.org/Journals.htm Pharmacology Journals http://ptworldmag.com/pharmaco.htm Environmental Epidemiology and Toxicology http://www.stockton-press.co.uk/eet Online Journals--Ecology and the Environment h 11 p :1/www .tnstate.edu/1 i brary /journal/on j necolo. htm Advances in Environmental HealthLinks: Public Health Journals http://www.hslib.washington.edu/public_healthljournals. html Begell House, Inc. - Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology http://www.begellhouse.com/jepto/jepto.html archive allowing the electronic communication of Scientific Abstract' Internet journal service. For research information. Articles could be submitted further information about Cambridge Scientific electronically directly to the archive and accessed by Abstract and its web resources, one can contact the any one interested in the topic. marketing department ([email protected]) or visit the An article on the Internet reaches the readers web site (http://www.csa.com). instantaneously compared to those with the delays of weeks or months for publication in conventional Toxicology on the Internet journals. In recent years, many journals are now A large and rapidly growing volume of toxicology available online. List of some online journals related related information could be now found on the web. A to toxicology are given in Table 2. selection of Internet resources relevant to the Beginning in 1995 the content of Toxicology toxicologist is given below. Care has been taken to Abstract 6 was brought directly to the user's personal check the accuracy of the information given. Because computer. Toxicology Abstract can now be assessed of the volatile nature of the Internet, no absolute electronically on the Internet v1a. 'Cambridge guarantee can be given for the URLs provided. 1210 INDIAN J EXP BIOL, DECEMBER 2001

I. Toxicology Databases Poisons Information Database : http://vhp.nus.sg!PID Poisons Information Database:(Aitemative Site) http://medweb.nus.sgiPIDIPID.html Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Database http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/dartfs.html Pollution and Toxicology Database http://www .library. yale.edu/sci lib/help/poltox.html Toxic Plant Database - http://www .library. ui uc.edu/vex/toxic/comlist htm Poisonous Plant Database : http://www.wam.umd.edu/-mct!Plants/poisonous.html FDA/CFSAN Poisonous Plant Database: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/-djw/readme.html http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/djw/readme.html OSHA database http://www.infoventures.com/e-hlth/ TOXNET Home : http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/ Toxicology Data NETwork : http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/toxnetfs .html Reprotox: http://www .reprotox.org/ NLM's Databases & Electronic Information Sources : http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html PolTox I - Pollution and Toxicology : http://www.silverplatter.com/catalog/ptxa.htm TOXLINE® Database http://www .ccohs.ca/products/databases/toxl ine.html Toxicology and Poisoning Databases, Search engines http://www.intemets.com/mednets/stoxicology.htm Poison Database : http://www.alert-pest.net/poison.html Toxicology Home http://www .medfarm.unito.it/toxicol/toxicoll .html Pharmacology & Toxicology http://www.mic.ki.se!PharmTox.html

II Professional Organization Society of Toxicology : http://www. toxicology .org/ American College of Toxicology : http://actox.org/ British Toxicology Society : http://www. bts.org/toxicology I Environmental Organization WebDirectory http://www. webdirectory .com!Pollution!Toxico logy - Pollution:Toxicology American College of Medical Toxicology http://www .acmt.net/ Professional Societies http://www.envirocomp.org/htmUotherwebs/bowers/ profsoci.htm List of Toxicology Professional Groups : http://www.pitt.edu/martint/pages/motoxorg.htm Society of Environmental Toxicology and http://www .setac.org/europe.html Chemistry Europe Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry http://www .setac.org/ Environmental Mutagen Society EMS Home Page http://www .ems-us.org/ Society of Forensic Toxicologists http://www.soft-tox.org/

III Specialty Related Sites: A) Pesticide Toxicology Pesticide Information: http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/misc/ pesticideinfo.html Pesticide Fact Sheets http://www .mda.state.mn. us/DOCS/AGRO~ I Agronomy/Factshts/PESTIC-l.HTM LINKS - Pesticide Section: http://www .isco.pufdue.edullinks_pest. htm UC DAVIS: Environmental Toxicology http://www .envtox. ucdavis.edu/ETX/Facul ty .htm Caldwell Country Extension Centre Pesticide Information http://caldwell.ces.state.nc.us/ag/pesticide.html healthfinder®- National Pesticide http://www .healthfinder.gov/text/orgs/hr2115.htm Telecommunications Network

8) Environmental Toxicology Environmental Toxicology Newsletter http://ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet Univ. of Nebraska - Center for Environmental Toxicology http://www.unmc.edu/Eppley/ToxCenter/news.htm Clemson University - Dept. of Environmental Toxicology http://cufp.clemson.edu/entox/ PAL et al.: INTERNET: RESOURCE FOR TOXICOLOGISTS 1211

Food & Envtl. Toxicology Laboratory http://gnv.ifas.utl.edu/-foodweb/ir4.htm Univ. of Florida http://gnv .ifas.utl.edu/foodweb/ir4.htrn Cell & Molecular Toxicology Cornell University http://www .cfe.cornell.edulicet/ Environmental Biosciences http://www .ehap.musc.edu/ Environmental State Univ. of New York, Albany http://www.wadsworth.org/EHT/ PBR Laboratories http://www.ispex.ca/PBR/toxicology/ Massachusetts Institute of Technology Environmental Health http://web.mit.edu/toxms/www/ MIT Environmental Health Sciences http://web.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/org/c/cehs/www/ Specialized Information Services http://sis.nlm.nih.gov Environmental Health Information Service Publications http://ehpnet l.niehs.nih.gov/docs/publications.htrnl Environmental Health Information Service http://ehis.niehs.nih.gov/ Institute for Environmental Toxicology http://www.iet.msu.edu/ Duke Occupational & Environmental Medicine http://dmi-www .mc.duke.edu/oem University of Washington Department of Environmental Health http://www .depts. washington.edu/envhlth Madison Environmental Toxicology Center http://www. wisc.edu/etc Environmental Contaminants Encyclopedia http://www.aqd.nps.gov/toxic Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program http://www. nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheetsltehipfs.html Environmental Toxicology and Statistics, http://www .muohio.edu/-zoocwis/cets Miami University http://www .muohio.edu/zoocwis/cets Environmental Toxicology Resources http://www. wiz.uni-kassel.de/dainlddb/x224.htrnl Davis Department of Environmental Toxicology http://www.envtox.ucdavis.edu/ptx/Nihtrgt.htrn Developmental pharmacology and environmental http://www.unizh.ch/phar/devtox/etox.htrn toxicology, University of ZUrich Molecular Toxicology and Environmental Medicine http://www. urmc.rochester.edu/GEBS/mtem Environmental Toxicology Home http://www .alert-pest.net/etox.htm Environmental toxicology - today and tomorrow http://www.geocities.com:0080/RainForest/ Andes/3804 ESR - Environmental Toxicology http://www.esr.eo.nz/services/environmental-toxicology Toxicology Tutor and children's environmental health http://www.cehn.org/cehn/resourcegui~e/tt.htrnl

C) Poison Centers American Association of Poison Control Centers http:/fwww.aapcc.org/ West Virginia Poi son Center http://www .hsc.wvu.edu/charlestonlwvpc/wvpchomepage Palmetto Poison Center http://www. pharm.sc.edu/pps/pps.htrn Maryland Poison Center http://www .pharmacy .umab.edu/mpc/plant.htm Puerto Rico Poison Center http://home.coqui.net/toxicos/ Middle Tennessee Poison Center http://www .toxicology .me. vanderbilt.edu/Poison National Capital Poi son Center http://www.poison.org/ Southeast Texas State Poison Center http://www.utmb.edu/setpc/ Georgia Poison Center http://www.georgiapoisoncenter.org/ North Texas Poison Center http://www.swmed.edu/home_pages/parkland/ poison.htrnl Pittsburgh Poison Center http://www.chp.edu/05mryuk/05frameset.htrn West Virginia Poi son Center http://www .hsc. wvu.edu/charlestonlwvpc/ Alabama Poison Center http://www .alapoisoncenter.org/ Hudson Valley Regional Poison Center http://members.aol.com/hvrpc/ Illinois Poison Center http://www.mchc.org/ipc/ Central Pennsylvania Poison Center http://www.collmed.psu.edu/ems/cppc/cppc.htrn Texas Poison Center Network http://www .tdh.state.tx. us/epidemiology/tpcnet.htm National Animal Poison Control Center http://www .napcc.aspca.org/ MedWebPlus: Poison Control Centers http://www.medwebplus.com/subject/ Poison_Control_Centers.htrnl Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center http://www.RMPDC.org/ Brown Spiders - Arizona Poison Information Center http://www .pharm.arizona.edu/centers/ poison_center/critterslbugslbrown_spider.htrnl 1212 INDIAN J EXP BIOL, DECEMBER 2001

Poison Ivy, Oak and Sumac Information Center http://poisonivy.aesir.cornl Arizona Poison & Drug Information Center http://www.pharm.arizona.edu/centers/poison_center/ National Animal Poison Control Center http://workjngdogs.com/doc0002.htm NYC Department of Health - Poison Control Center http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/dohlhtmUpoisonl poison.html Arizona Poi son Page http://educ.ahsl.arizona.edu/poison.html

D) Medical Toxicology American College of Medical Toxicology http://www.acmt.net/ SIU Medical Library http://www.siumed.edu/lib/currentj.html Medical Management Guidelines for http://aepo-xdv-www .epo.cdc.gov/wonder/ Acute Chemical Exposure prevguid/pOOOO Toxikon: Medical Toxicology On-Line http://toxikon.er.uic.edu/ The American Academy of Clinical Toxicology http://www.clintox.org/ Australasian Society of Oral Medicine And http://www.asomat.com/ Toxicology - ASOMAT Email : [email protected] Welcome MedPharm http://www.medfarm.unito.it/Welcome.html Northup Regulatory Toxicology Services http://devicelink.com/consultlnln007 .html Medical Toxicology Service http://www .me. vanderbilt.edu/clintoxlp3a l.html Medical Library: Medical Specialties http://www.nmmc.cornlnmhcllibrary/htrnl emergmed.htm Medical Toxicology- Local Version http://www.ovcnet.uoguelph.ca/BioMed/ Courses/Public/94-400

E) Forensic Toxicology American Medical Forensics Specialists, Inc. http://www .amfs.cornl American Institute of Toxicology http://www .ai tlabs.cornl Ani! Aggrawal's Articles on Forensic Toxicology http://members.tripod.com/-Prof_Anil_AggrawaU Useful information on poisons and their various medical-legal aspect). Department of Forensic Medicine & Science http://www .gla.ac. uk/ Acad/ForMed/ University of Glasgow http://users.aol.com/lctoxllfshome.htm American Board of Forensic Toxicology Home Page http://www .abft.org/ International Association of Forensic Toxicologists http://www.cbft.unipd.it/tiaft Centre of Behavioral and Forensic Toxicology http://www.cbft.unipd.it/ Forensic Toxicology Center http://www. toxicology .lsumc.edu/Forensic.htm Forensic Toxicology Laboratories http://userzweb.lightspeed.net/-abarbour/labs.htm

F) Drug and Food Toxicology U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) http://cwis.usc.edu/hsc/nmlle-resources/info/usfda.html http://www .library .ucsf.edu/biosites/data/203 .html Korea Food and Drug Administration http://www.kfda.go.kr/englishlleft_fr.html United States Food and Drug Administration http://www. virtualref.cornlabs/352.htm Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/list.html FDA I National Center for Toxicological Research http://www.fda.gov/nctr Food and Drug Administration Home Page, http://www. fda.gov/hometext.html Listing of Newly Approved Drug Therapies (2000) http://www.centerwatch.com/drugs/DRUGLIST.HTM FDA Advisors & Regulatory Consultants food additives http://phoenixrising.l4.net/pharmaceuticals_food.html FOOD Virtual Reference Desk http://www. virtualref.com/subj/49 .htm Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Laboratory Home Page http://www. toxicology .lsumc.edu/tdmindex. htm FDA Consultants and Regulatory Consultants http://phoenixrising.l4.net/Fda_consultants Internet Resources: Food & Nutrition http://www. familyhaven.comllnternetReference Desk/food.html Veterinary Toxicology- toxins, animal poisoning http://vetmedicine.about.com/health/vetmedicine /msubtox.htrn . Tips for Browsing Drug Information Books http://library.kumc.edu/omrs/diseases/drugbks. html PAL eta/.: INTERNET: RESOURCE FOR TOXICOLOGISTS 1213

IV .Miscellaneous Virtual Pharmacy - Martindale's http://www-sci .lib. uci .edu/-martindale!Pharrnacy .html Toxicology Fellowship description http://www.swmed.edu/home_pages/toxicology/ toxdescrip ACS Directory of Graduate Research 1999 http://pubs.acs.org/dgrweb/index.html The American Board of Veterinary Toxicology http://www .abvt.orgllinks.htm Pharmacology and Toxicology Links http://www-farrnaco.unimaas.nl!PharrnToxLinks.htm Toxikon Medical Toxicology Fellowship http://toxikon.er.uic.edu/fellows.htm Developmental Toxicology Working Group http://iccvam.niehs.nih.gov/dtwg.htm

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