Meiji Restoration 明治維新 Emperor of Japan 日本の天皇 Kimigayo 君が代

★実際の本の体裁は、英語が左ページ、日本語が右ページに分かれます。 ●Meiji Restoration The Meiji Restoration began in 1868. The restoration of power to the emperor, and the resulting reforms that the restoration brought, created enormous political and social changes that led to the rapid westernization of Japan. The new government introduced land reforms, abolished the samurai class, set up the postal network and educational system, and established the Imperial Japanese Army. It also promoted industrialization and a move to a more capitalist economy based on Western ideas. 明治維新明治維新は 1868 年に始まった。王政復古とその結果生じた改革は、日本の急速な西洋化へとつながっていく途方もない政治的・社会的変革を引き起こした。新政府は土地改革を導入し、武士階級を廃止し、郵便制度と教育制度を創り、帝国陸軍を創設した。さらに政府は、工業化と、西洋思想に基づいた、より資本主義的な経済への動きを推進した。 ◎Emperor of Japan Until the end of World War II, the emperor of Japan was regarded as sacred. Now, however, the current Japanese Constitution stipulates that the emperor is the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people. His responsibilities include greeting dignitaries from other countries, conducting protocol, and promulgating new laws. 日本の天皇第 2 次世界大戦終結まで、日本の天皇は神聖であると見なされていた。現在、しかしながら、現行憲法は、天皇は国の象徴であり、国民統合の象徴であると規定している。天皇の職責に含まれるものは、外国の高官を出迎え、儀礼を行い、新しい法律を公布することである。 ◎Kimigayo Kimigayo, or “His Majesty’s Reign” is the national anthem of Japan. The lyrics come from an old anthology that was compiled in the 10th century. 君が代みよ君が代、すなわち「君の御代」は日本の国歌である。歌詞は、10 世紀に編纂された古い歌集から取っている。 ●Showa period after World War II After Japan was defeated in World War II, it was placed under the allied forces for six years and underwent various reforms to democratize. Japan’s postwar economy became stronger because of America’s support, a stable exchange rate of 360 yen to the dollar, and the economic prosperity resulting from the Korean War in the 1950s. All of this supported Japan’s tremendous economic growth in the Showa period. During its period of rapid economic growth between 1955 and 1973, Japan became an economic power. Culturally, this was a period when all sorts of fads from America and Europe were introduced, and Japan became westernized quite rapidly. 戦後の昭和第 2 次世界大戦に敗れたあと、日本は 6 年間連合軍の支配下に置かれ、民主化のための様々な改革を経験した。日本の戦後経済は、アメリカの支援、対ドル 360 円の固定為替相場、1950 年代の朝鮮戦争による好景気が原因で、ますます強くなった。これら全てが、昭和の時代の日本の高度経済成長を支えたのである。1955 年から 1973 年までの急激な経済成長の時代に、日本は経済大国になった。文化的には、この時代は欧米からあらゆる種類の流行が伝わった時代であり、日本はまたたくまに西洋化した。.

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