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SACRED and NON-SACRED LANDSCAPES in NEPAL by Deen Bandhu Bhatta
ABSTRACT COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: SACRED AND NON-SACRED LANDSCAPES IN NEPAL by Deen Bandhu Bhatta This study examines the different kinds of management approaches practiced by local people in far-western Nepal for the management and conservation of two kinds of forests, sacred groves and community forests. It reveals the role of traditional religious beliefs, property rights, and the central government, as well as the importance of traditional ecological knowledge and local participation in management and conservation of the natural resources. In Nepal, the ties of local people with the forest are strong and inseparable. Forest management is an important part of the local livelihood strategies. Local forest management is based on either religious and cultural or utilitarian components of the local community. Management of the sacred grove is integrated with the religious and cultural aspects, whereas the management of the community forest is associated with the utility aspects. Overall, the management strategies applied depend on the needs of the local people. COMMUNITY APPROACHES TO NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: SACRED AND NON-SACRED LANDSCAPES IN NEPAL A Practicum Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Environmental Science Institute of Environmental Sciences By Deen Bandhu Bhatta Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2003 Advisor___________________________ Adolph Greenberg Reader______________________________ Gene Willeke Reader_____________________________ -
Ecology and Management of Sacred Groves in Kerala, India
Forest Ecology and Management 112 (1998) 165±177 Ecology and management of sacred groves in Kerala, India U.M. Chandrashekara*, S. Sankar Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680 653, Kerala, India Received 10 September 1997; accepted 5 May 1998 Abstract In Kerala, based on management systems, sacred groves can be categorised into three groups namely those managed by individual families, by groups of families and by the statutory agencies for temple management (Devaswom Board). Ollur Kavu, S.N. Puram Kavu and Iringole Kavu which represent above mentioned management systems, respectively, were studied for their tree species composition and vegetation structure. The study was also designed to assess the strengths and weaknesses of present management systems and role of different stakeholder groups in conserving the sacred groves. Of the three sacred groves, the one managed by individual family (Ollur Kavu) is highly disturbed as indicated by low stem density of mature trees (367 ha1) and poor regeneration potential with the ratio between mature trees and saplings is 1:0.4. In order to quantify the level of disturbance in these sacred groves, Ramakrishnan index of stand quality (RISQ) was calculated. The values obtained for all the three tree layers (i.e., mature trees, saplings and seedlings) in single family managed sacred grove (Ollur Kavu) was between 2.265 and 2.731, an indicator of the dominance of light demanding species in the population, suggested that the grove is highly disturbed one. Whereas, other two sacred groves are less disturbed as indicated by lower `RISQ' values (between 1.319 and 1.648). -
Okf"Kzd Izfrosnu Annual Report 2010-11
Annual Report 2010-11 Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya 1 bfUnjk xka/kh jk"Vªh; ekuo laxzgky; Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya okf"kZd izfrosnu Annual Report 2010-11 fo'o i;kZoj.k fnol ij lqJh lqtkrk egkik=k }kjk vksfM+lh u`R; dh izLrqfrA Presentation of Oddissi dance by Ms. Sujata Mahapatra on World Environment Day. 2 bfUnjk xka/kh jk"Vªh; ekuo laxzgky; okf"kZd izfrosnu 2010&11 Annual Report 2010-11 Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya 3 lwph @ Index fo"k; i`"B dz- Contents Page No. lkekU; ifjp; 05 General Introduction okf"kZd izfrosnu 2010-11 Annual Report 2010-11 laxzgky; xfrfof/k;kWa 06 Museum Activities © bafnjk xka/kh jk"Vªh; ekuo laxzgky;] 'kkeyk fgYl] Hkksiky&462013 ¼e-iz-½ Hkkjr Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya, Shamla Hills, Bhopal-462013 (M.P.) India 1- v/kks lajpukRed fodkl % ¼laxzgky; ladqy dk fodkl½ 07 jk"Vªh; ekuo laxzgky; lfefr Infrastructure development: (Development of Museum Complex) ¼lkslk;Vh jftLVªs'ku ,DV XXI of 1860 ds varxZr iathd`r½ Exhibitions 07 ds fy, 1-1 izn'kZfu;kWa @ funs'kd] bafnjk xka/kh jk"Vªh; ekuo laxzgky;] 10 'kkeyk fgYl] Hkksiky }kjk izdkf'kr 1-2- vkdkZboy L=ksrksa esa vfHko`f) @ Strengthening of archival resources Published by Director, Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya, Shamla Hills, Bhopal for Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya Samiti (Registered under Society Registration Act XXI of 1860) 2- 'kS{kf.kd ,oa vkmVjhp xfrfof/k;kaW@ 11 fu%'kqYd forj.k ds fy, Education & Outreach Activities For Free Distribution 2-1 ^djks vkSj lh[kks* laxzgky; 'kS{kf.kd dk;Zdze @ -
Sacred Groves of India : an Annotated Bibliography
SACRED GROVES OF INDIA : AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Kailash C. Malhotra Yogesh Gokhale Ketaki Das [ LOGO OF INSA & DA] INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY AND DEVELOPMENT ALLIANCE Sacred Groves of India: An Annotated Bibliography Cover image: A sacred grove from Kerala. Photo: Dr. N. V. Nair © Development Alliance, New Delhi. M-170, Lower Ground Floor, Greater Kailash II, New Delhi – 110 048. Tel – 091-11-6235377 Fax – 091-11-6282373 Website: www.dev-alliance.com FOREWORD In recent years, the significance of sacred groves, patches of near natural vegetation dedicated to ancestral spirits/deities and preserved on the basis of religious beliefs, has assumed immense anthropological and ecological importance. The authors have done a commendable job in putting together 146 published works on sacred groves of India in the form of an annotated bibliography. This work, it is hoped, will be of use to policy makers, anthropologists, ecologists, Forest Departments and NGOs. This publication has been prepared on behalf of the National Committee for Scientific Committee on Problems of Environment (SCOPE). On behalf of the SCOPE National Committee, and the authors of this work, I express my sincere gratitude to the Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi and Development Alliance, New Delhi for publishing this bibliography on sacred groves. August, 2001 Kailash C. Malhotra, FASc, FNA Chairman, SCOPE National Committee PREFACE In recent years, the significance of sacred groves, patches of near natural vegetation dedicated to ancestral spirits/deities and preserved on the basis of religious beliefs, has assumed immense importance from the point of view of anthropological and ecological considerations. During the last three decades a number of studies have been conducted in different parts of the country and among diverse communities covering various dimensions, in particular cultural and ecological, of the sacred groves. -
CULTURE and BIODIVERSITY (Volume I)
CULTURE AND BIODIVERSITY (Volume I) PREPARED UNDER THE NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN- INDIA Kailash C. Malhotra Coordinator 2003 Thematic Working Group on Culture and Biodiversity Mr. Feisal Alkazi Ms. Seema Bhatt (TPCG Member) Dr. Debal Deb Mr. Yogesh Gokhale Dr. Tiplut Nongbri Dr. D.N. Pandey Shri Shekhar Pathak Prof. Kailash C. Malhotra, Co-ordinator 2 (Kailash C.Malhotra, Coordinator, Thematic Group on Culture and Biodiversity (2003) . CULTURE AND BIODIVERSITY. Prepared under National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, Executed by Ministry of Environment and Forests (Government of India), technical implementation by Technical and Policy Core Group coordinated by Kalpavriksh, and administrative coordination by Biotech Consortium India Ltd., funded by Global Environment Facility through United Nations Development Programm 178 pp.) 3 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 ABBREVIATIONS USED 11 1. INTRODUCTION 12 1.1 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan - India 1.2 Thematic Working Group on Culture and Biodiversity 1.3 Objectives 1.4 Methodology 2. CULTURE AND BIODIVERSITY 19 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 The Conceptual Frame Work 2.2.1 Species Protection 2.2.2 Habitat Protection 2.2.3 Landscape Protection 3. POSITIVE – LINKS BETWEEN CULTURE AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY 21 4. THE ROLE OF RELIGIOUS ETHICS IN BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN INDIA 68 5. NEGATIVE – LINKS BETWEEN CULTURE AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY 77 6. WEAKENNING OF LINKS BETWEEN CULTURE AND BIODIVERSITY 84 7. INITIATIVES TO REESTABLISH AND / OR STRENGTHEN POSITIVE LINKS BETWEEN CULTURE AND BIODIVERSITY 99 8. THE ROLE OF FOLK MUSIC AND DRAMA, ORAL LEGENDS AND PHOTOGRAPHY IN BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION 116 9. RECOMMENDATIONS 121 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 127 4 REFERENCES CITED 129 APPENDICES 137 I Composition of the Thematic Working Group on Culture and Biodiversity.137 II The modified Thematic Concept Note. -
Exploring Relationships Between Humans and Nonhumans in the Bishnoi Community
Sacred Trees, Sacred Deer, Sacred Duty to Protect: Exploring Relationships between Humans and Nonhumans in the Bishnoi Community Alexis Reichert A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the MA degree in Religious Studies Department of Classics and Religious Studies Faculty of Arts University of Ottawa © Alexis Reichert, Ottawa, Canada 2015 ii Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ iv Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ vi Introduction: Green Dharma ........................................................................................................... 1 0.1 Methodology: Beyond the Human ...................................................................................... 3 0.2 Theoretical Framework: Beyond the Nature/ Culture Dichotomy ..................................... 7 1. Themes of Kinship, Karma, and Monism: Review of the Literature ....................................... 12 1.1 Hinduism and Ecology: The Interconnectedness of Beings ............................................. 13 1.2 The Bishnoi: A Gap in the Literature .............................................................................. -
Stakeholder Motivation for the Conservation of Sacred Groves in South India: an Analysis of Environmental Perceptions of Rural and Urban Neighbourhood T Communities
Land Use Policy 89 (2019) 104213 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Land Use Policy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/landusepol Stakeholder motivation for the conservation of sacred groves in south India: An analysis of environmental perceptions of rural and urban neighbourhood T communities U. Prashanth Ballullayaa, K.S. Reshmia, T.P. Rajesha, K. Manoja, Margaret Lowmanb, ⁎ Palatty Allesh Sinua,b, a Department of Animal Science, Central University of Kerala, Periya 671316, Kerala, India b California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Sacred groves (SGs) of south India are the local communities’ self-enforced spiritual institutions, which contain Sacred forests natural forests and swamps. Thus, the communities’ faith in traditional rituals and local deities are important for Biocultural conservation their existence. SGs preserve cultural practices of ethnic communities and conserve biodiversity. Although most Cultural forest of these groves can be found in rural areas, rapid urban annexation is changing their landscapes. We hypothesise Cultural diversity that the landscape type (rural versus urban) and the deity type of the SGs among other factors might affect the Deity communities’ spiritual and environmental perceptions of SGs. This study was conducted in rural highlands of the Environmental perception Environmental policy Western Ghats in Kodagu and adjoining urban lowlands in Kasaragod. We found that the urban communities Conservation valued SGs, not only for their spiritual importance but also for their environmental merits. Both urban and rural Community-conserved area communities were cautious enough not to access or abuse the SGs. This behaviour also depended on the deity Religion that was housed in the SG. -
Sacred Groves of West Bengal: a Model of Community Forest Management
Understanding Livelihood Impacts of Participatory Forest Management Implementation in India and Nepal WORKING PAPER No 8 Sacred Groves of West Bengal: A Model of Community Forest Management Debal Deb The Overseas Development Group University of East Anglia UK Understanding Livelihood Impacts of Participatory Forest Management Implementation in India and Nepal Working Paper No. 8 Sacred Groves of West Bengal: A Model of Community Forest Management? Debal Deb Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies, Barrackpore Series Editor: Oliver Springate-Baginski Overseas Development Group - University of East Anglia, Norwich October 2007 ‘Understanding Livelihood Impacts of Participatory Forest Management Implementation in India & Nepal’ is a research project coordinated by the Overseas Development Group, University of East Anglia, UK, and supported by the UK Department for International Development Forestry Research Programme. Project partners, including Winrock India, Delhi; Centre for Economic and Social Studies, Hyderabad; Sambalpur University, Sambalpur; Ramakrishna Mission, Calcutta; and Environmental and Resources Development Center, Pokhara, are undertaking studies to understand the actual livelihood impacts of different PFM implementation strategies in India and Nepal. This project working paper series, edited by Oliver Springate-Baginski, is one of the outputs of the project. About the Author: Dr. Debal Deb is a biologist, with a doctorate in ecology from Calcutta University. His post-doctoral research included human ecology of marine and estuarine -
Worship and Trees in India
СИБИРСКИЙ ЛЕСНОЙ ЖУРНАЛ. 2019. № 4. С. 36–48 UDC 294.5:351.857:58.006:581.6/581.9 WORSHIP AND TREES IN INDIA S. Chauhan, S. V. S. Chauhan Academy of Life Sciences Kaushalpur Bye Pass Road, 8/13-I, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, 282005 India Email: [email protected], [email protected] Received 04.02.2019 Trees are significant in many of the world’s mythologies and religions and have been given deep and sacred meanings throughout the ages. In India, large numbers of herbs, shrubs and trees are traditionally worshiped and most of them are known for their uses in worship of several lords. India is a country showing diversity in religion and it is believed, that there are more than 33 million Gods and Goddesses worshiped in various traditional ways throughout the year. The trees and their products are part of Indian rituals and ceremonies and various Gods and Goddesses are associated with different trees. In Indian culture trees are believed to have consciousness similar to humans so they can feel pain as well as happiness like us. Human beings, observing the growth and death of trees and the annual death and revival of their foliage, have often imagined them as powerful symbols of growth, death and rebirth. The people in India believe that life cannot exist without trees. Trees are the main natural sources of solar energy vital for our existence that bring flowers, fruits, wood and medicines. Therefore, tree worship is one of the most widespread forms of popular religion in India. Indians worship offering roots, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds to God since time immemorial and this is done as a symbol of gratitude because they believe that life cannot exist without trees. -
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Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Plant Biol. 2015, 2(7): 192-205 International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology ISSN: 2349-8080 Volume 2 Number 7 (July-2015) pp. 192-205 www.ijcrbp.com Original Research Article Floristic Studies on Kilcheruvi (Edaicheruvi) Sacred Grove at Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, South India S. Karthik*, M. Subramanian and S. Ravikumar P.G. and Research Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Presidency College (Autonomous), Kamarajar Road, Chennai 600 005, Tamil Nadu, India *Corresponding author. A b s t r a c t K e y w o r d s Kilcheruvi (Edaicheruvi) Aiyanar and Mariyamman Sacred Grove (KISG) which belongs to the tropical dry evergreen forest. Geographically, it lies between Tholuthur Aiyanar to Tittakudi (079°04.947' E longitude and 11°24.320' N latitude) in the Cuddalore APG III district and was explored for floristic studies which was reported for the first time in the year 2013-2014. The study indicated that totally, 185 plant species belonging to Biodiversity 158 genera and 58 families from 29 orders were enumerated in this sacred grove and Kilcheruvi (Edaicheruvi) followed by Angiosperm phylogeny Group III classification. The most dominant families found were Fabaceae (24), Apocynaceae (13), Malvaceae (9), Rubiaceae (8), Sacred Grove Convolvulaceae (8) and Rutaceae (8) species. Rich biodiversity is present in the sacred Tropical dry evergreen grove. This has ensured the protection and conservation of the vegetation of the sacred forests grove. Introduction associated with extensive forest cover, most are found in intimate association with at least a small grove of plants. -
Biodiversity Significance of North East India
Background Paper on Biodiversity Significance of North East India for the study on Natural Resources, Water and Environment Nexus for Development and Growth in North Eastern India Sudipto Chatterjee, Abhinandan Saikia, Pijush Dutta, Dipankar Ghosh, Govinda Pangging, Anil K. Goswami WWF-India, 172 B Lodi Estate New Delhi 110003 30 Jun 2006 Forests Conservation Programme WWF-India 172 B Lodi Estate New Delhi 1 Contents 1.0 The North Eastern Region of India 2.0 The objectives and the approach of this background paper 3.0 The Biodiversity significance of the region 3.1 Global priority sites in North East India 3.1.1 North East as a part of the Indo Burma ‘Hotspot’ 3.1.2 The Global Endemic Bird and Important Bired Areas 3.1.3 The Global Ecoregions in North East India 3.2 National Priority setting exercises 3.2.1 Planning for a protected area network 3.2.2 Biodiversity Conservation Prioritisation Project 3.2.3 Biodiversity Characterisation through GIS techniques 3.2.4 State Biodiversity Conservation Action Plans 3.3 Other major initiatives to highlight areas of biodiversity significance 4.0 Threats to biological diversity 5.0 An analysis of the conservation issues 6.0 Recommendations References Annexures Annexure 1 Flora and fauna of North East India Annexure 2 List of Imporatnt Bird Areas. Annexure 3 Priority sites identified for Critical Ecosystems Partnership Funds Annexure 4 Sites Prioritised by Biodiversity Conservation Prioritisation Project Annexure 5 The priority ecoregions of WWF in North East India Annexure 6 Biodiversity characterizatiopn -
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Sacred Groves in Western Himalaya, India: Community-Managed Nature Refuges for Conservation of Biodiversity and Culture Sushma Singh, Jahangeer A. Bhat, Zubair A. Malik, Mudasir Youssouf, Rainer W. Bussmann and Ripu M. Kunwar Databases and Inventories had ethno-medicinal importance. A few rare and threatened animal species were also reported that Abstract included Naemorhedus gora (Himalayan goral, near threatened, NT) reported from SG2 and SG3; Background: Dedication of forests to a god or Panthera pardus (leopard, vulnerable, Vu) and Ursus goddess is a potent example of an indigenous thibetanus (black bear, critically endangered, CR) conservation practice, devised by native inhabitants both reported from all the three SGs. to put an end to the unrestricted utilization of community forests. The present paper describes a case study of three little known Sacred Groves (SGs) Correspondence from the Western Himalayas. SGs are communally protected forest fragments with significant religious Sushma Singh connotations. Jahangeer A. Bhat Zubair A. Malik* Methods: A preliminary survey was conducted in and Mudasir Youssouf around these SGs to evaluate the status of Rainer W. Bussmann biodiversity, different myths and beliefs associated Ripu M. Kunwar with them and their role in the biodiversity Department of Botany, Govt. HSS Harduturoo, conservation. After establishing oral prior informed Anantnag Jammu and Kashmir-192201 consent, data was gathered from the local *Corresponding author: participants especially from elderly people through [email protected] semi-structured questionnaires. Approximately 30% of the total households in each SG were interviewed. Ethnobotany Research & Applications Two different sampling methods (random sampling 18:15 (2019) and snowball sampling) were used for selection of informants from two different communities.