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May I6, I9i8] Nature 21] MAY I6, I9I8] NATURE 21] charge and the :poisonous substance is necessary. Both is cove.red with a fused glassy layer, from which sides are busy trying to find something th"at the others stalactites hang down, ahd drops of' molten matter have not used, and both are trying to find a "colour­ must have been falling into the glass below. The less, odourless, and in.visible" gas that is highly 'lone of altered brick is, about an inch thic#:, and t\Vo poisonous. It is within the realm of possibilities that layers can be detected in it__ ::l.n outer glas;;y st<llactitiq the war win be finis.hoo, literally, in the chemi,cal layer cont<lining much cQTunqUlU, and a little silIimanitEl laboratory. in a glas;;y matrix, and an inner white J<lyer. Ipoking The following compounds have been used by the very like. whit!' porcelain to the naked eye. This Germans in gas-clouds or in shells:- inner layer iii riphly .charged with. sillimanite needles. 1. Allyl-iso-thiocyanate (allyl mustard oil), C.H,NCS The. ejrternal of, glass pots <llso (shell). very well fQnned crl}'st::l.ls. of /iiIIi)1lanite and sometimes; 2. Benzyl bromide, C.H,.CH,Br (shell). :;11$(> m<j.gnetite and corundum. rhe· inner sudac,e. 0.ld glass 'poti> often shows much sillimaI'lite; .embedded 3. Bromo-acetone, CH2 Br.CO.GH3. (hand. ' grenades). 4. Bromated methylethyl.,ketone in clear glass, and, where the cooling ,h<j.s been slow. biotite and oligoclase also make their appearance. CH2Br.CO.C2 H 5 or CH3.CO.CHBr.CH3 (shell). Di­ Mr. Wilson regards ::l.S the presence bromo.ketone, CH3.CO.CHBr.CH2 Br (shell). 5. Bromine, Br, (hand grenades). volatile fluxes, such as soda, given off by the h!:!ated 6. Chloro-acetone, CH2Ci.CO.CH, (hand grenades). glass. These comb.irre with the. alumina and silica Of 7. Chlorine, CI. (cloud). the clay, forming gf<tssy which 8. Chloromethyl-chloroformate (palite), are and serve as ::l. medium in CICOO.CH,.Cl (shell). wh.ich coi"tinduin, sillimanite, anii other minerals 9. Nitrotrichloromethane (chloropicrin or nitr.o- crystallised. The corrosion of the glass pof;; is d4e chloroform), CCI3N02 (sheil). largely to the action of this alkali-a1llmina-silicat!:! melt 10. Chlorosulphonic acid, S03.H.CI (hand g,renades eatirig its way deeper and d!:!eperinto the d<lY. and "smoke pots "). II. Dichlorodiethylsulphide (mustard gas), (CH2 CLCH2 ),S (shell). THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF 12. Dimethyl sul»hate, (CH3 ),SO. (hand grenades). WASHINGTON. 13· Diphenylchloro.arsine, (C.H5)2AsCI (shell). 14. Dichloromethyl ether, (CH,CI)20 (shell). YearBook. for 191, oHhe Carnegie hon of Washmgton has nowr!:!ached us In ltS. 15- Methylchlorosulphonate, CH3CIS03 (hand gren­ ades). complete form. Attention lias ::l.lready been directed to' 16. Phenylcarbylamine chloride, CH,N .CCI, (shell). the report of. the president of the institution 'With' which the Year Book, which was published previously 17· Phosgene (carbonyl chloride),. COC12 (cloud and shell). separately, opens, and the opportunity provided by the 18. Sulphur trioxide, SO. (hand grenades and shell). receipt of the complete Volume maybe taken to 'refer 19. Trichloromethyl - chloroformate (diphosgene to the financial records. df the' institution .. During the year ending October 31, 1917, the total financial .te­ superpalite), CICOO.CCI3 (shell). ' 20. Xylyl bromide (tolyl bromide), CH3.C.H •. CH2Br ceipts of the institution reached 285,120/.; of this (shell). ainobnt 220,100l. represented interest. on endowment, 20,100l. interest on deposits in banks, and 36,0001, -----------_.--_.----------------------------- amounts derived from miscellaneous sources. ThE. total of theyearIy incomes of the institution since its CRYSTALS OBTAINED FROM GLASS foundation in 1902 amounts to 2,886,665l. FURNACES. Th.e. income of 1917 was expended in the mannet MR. G. V. WILSON has studied the materials shown in the following table:- obtained from glass furnaces of the tank type making bottle glass, where, by a rupture of the tank, Investment in bonds ... 101,100 the glass has flowed out and has been allowed to Large projects ... 139,160 crystallise slowly, and he described his results to ,the Minor and special projects 19,500 Society of Glass Technology on April 17. He finds Publications 12,600 that crystals of wollastonite form in great numbers, Administration , .. 9,800 partly arranged in spherulitic groups of long diverging 282,160 crystalline fibres, partly as separate rod· shaped Total with well.defined faces. Tridymite occurs also in fiat The departments of investigation to which the larget hexagonal plates, very thin, but showing the polarisa­ grants were made by the trustees of the institution are tion in sectors which is so characteristic of this shown below:- mineral. He has also observed quartz as double hexa­ ;(; gonal pryamids in places where veins of glass have Botanical research 8,686 eaten their way into the bricks which make the walls Embryology 6,954 of the tank; and manganese augite, of purplish-brawn Experimental evolution II,386 colour, only in parts of tge glass where an excess of Geophysical laboratory 20,302 manganese oxide has existed through imperfect mixing Historical research 7,090 of the ingredients of the batch. Marine biology ... 3,9,80 Fragments of limestone, probably in part magnesian, Meridian astronomy 6,23 1 occurred in the glass, imperfectly .dissolved and showing Nutrition laboratory 9,227 recrystaIIisation through contact ::l.lteration and admix­ Publications 2,280 ture with silica and other elements of the glass. These Solar observatory 35,50 9 have a. granular -crystalline structure except where Terrestrial maj2"netism 28,441 veins of glass penetrate into them. The new minerals produced are wollastonite, augite (golden-yellow, in Total 140,086 small prisms), melilite, and probably a silicate of lime (3 CaO,2Si02 ). The publication of twenty-five volumes was author­ The vault of the furnace consists of firebrick, and ised during the year at a cost of 13,oool. NO. 2533, VOL. lOIJ © 1918 Nature Publishing Group.
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