Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Characterization and Design Requirements for Antennas in the Near-field and the Random-LOS Propagation Environment Aidin Razavi Department of Signals and Systems Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg, Sweden 2016 Characterization and Design Requirements for Antennas in the Near-field and the Random-LOS Propagation Environment Aidin Razavi ISBN 978-91-7597-494-1 c Aidin Razavi, 2016. Doktorsavhandlingar vid Chalmers tekniska högskola Ny serie nr 4175 ISSN 0346-718X Department of Signals and Systems Antenna Systems Division Chalmers University of Technology SE–412 96 Göteborg Sweden Telephone: +46 (0)31 – 772 1000 Email:
[email protected] [email protected] Typeset by the author using LATEX. Chalmers Reproservice Göteborg, Sweden 2016 To Baba, Maman, Azin and my beloved Maryam Abstract The choice of antenna for a particular application depends on the require- ments imposed by that application. These include the field region (i.e., near-field or far-field), polarization, radiation pattern, radiation efficiency, system throughput, etc. Accordingly, during an antenna’s design process, different characteristics and characterization methods have to be taken into account. The present thesis focuses on two different aspects of antenna characterization and design: The first concerns antennas in near-field ap- plications dealing with lossy materials. The second is on the Over-The-Air (OTA) measurements of wireless devices and the Random-Line-Of-Sight (Random-LOS) environment. The characterization, design criteria, and fundamental limitations of antennas in the near-field, especially in lossy media, have not been addressed as thoroughly as in the far-field.