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Happy Passover 5744

Vol. 15, No. 5 April 1984 Nisan 5744 $1.50

Special Focus On Judaism and Feminism genesis 2 April 1984 Nisan 5744 (ISSN 0016-6669)

"an independent voice Letters for Jewish renewal"

Published at 99 Bishop Allen Drive, from Mordecai Kaplan about world Jewry vere in mental patients' case, but often Cambridge, MA 02139 Peacemakers'A ward being a "sick people" whose only because of the highly detrimental 617-576-1801 The Jewish Peace Fellowship is seeking "schizophrenia is within the domain of effects of drugs, institutionalization, etc. psychosocial therapy," all in the article by But some have been institutionalized Vol. 15, No. 5 candidates for a new peace award to be given to a North American Jew whose life David Chack. because of involvement in legitimate April 1984 has been dedicated to working for peace. Such terminology is not only hurtful to protests against oppression, or simply Nisan 5744 Names for this award, which honors the the Jewish people but is oppressive to because they stuck to their own culture late Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel, current and former mental patients. Since while living in another one. There is a should be sent no later than April 15, to the artists, and sometimes Jews, are known as growing acceptance within the mental Editor and Publisher: Heschel Peace Award, Jewish Peace Fel- "weird" because we don't fit into the health professions (not yet widely known Donald J. Perlstein lowship, Box 271, Nyack, NY 10960. general white/Anglo-Saxon/Protestant among the public) of the fact that terms society very well, or into whatever group such as "schizophrenia" and "neurosis" Executive Editor: Rabbi Heschel, one of the 20th century's are misnomers which create oppressive foremost Jewish theologians, was one of tends to be in power in whatever society, it Ellen Stone is doubly important that artists and Jews and unnecessary stigmas against the peo- Assistant Editor: the first religious leaders to speak out ple or groups to which they are applied. against the war in Vietnam. He joined with not be called "neurotic," "schizophrenic," Steven Feldman Father Daniel Berrigan and others in or whatever labels are used to point out In the future, I and other ex-mental forming the Clergy Concerned About our unacceptibility to the general [culture]. patients would like to see no more Design Consultant: Creativity and Judaism sometimes point Carol Ely Vietnam. He walked with Martin Luther references to "mental illness," King in the Selma-to-Montgomery march down lonely roads, where in order to be "schizophrenia," etc. in print... For our Advertising and Promotions true to oneself and/or truly creative one sake, but also for everyone's 3ake, we need Director: and was a regular fixture at civil rights marches and peace rallies. may appear to others as "different." To see to stop referring to emotional difficulties as Dale Miller "difference" (i.e., creativity or suffering "sickness," for this affects all of us in our Staff: David Danning, Elana Rabbi Heschel's life for us in Jewish due to remaining unassimilated) as "sick- ability to deal constructively with such Klugman, Shelley Minden, Peace Fellowship is an example of a Jew in ness" is to accept this analysis of the difficulties. Jeff Neipris whom faith and morality are inseparable, powers-that-be who decree that everyone Sincerely, in whom social activism is not a digression must fit into a mold prescribed by society, Contributing Editors: Christie from his Judaism but its essence. Janet Braunstein Foner Balka, Les Bronstein, Cherie follow the rules, be homogenized and New Cumberland, PA Brown, Debra Cash, David Chack, Carolyn Toll assimilated. Hannah Davis, Cathy Felix, Debra Jewish Peace Fellowship, Offenhartz, Eduardo Rauch, Rosie National Coordinator Further, to associate the terms Mazel Toy Rosenzweig. "schizophrenia" and "sick" with world genesis 2 congratulates Cherie Brown, a Typography: Phoenix Typography Jewry is to 'announce to the world that it's contributing editor and long-time friend No More Labels our fault that we've been persecuted for Printing: Charles River Publishing Your issue on the arts (December, and associate of the paper, on the publica- centuries, [implying that] there is no such tion of The Art of Coalition-Building, a Who we are 1983/January, 1984) was superb. It is thing as anti-Semitism and the Holocaust especially exciting to me as a Jewish visual which have legitimately caused us to have manual for organizations and activists genesis 2 was founded In February, 1970 as an artist to see Jewish artists getting together fear of living... To take this viewpoint is to published by the American Jewish Com- independent forum to give voice to the reawakening mittee. Cherie is currently speaking at a sense of Jewish vitality — political, social, cultural, and flourishing. However, I was surprised go along with both anti-Semitism and the and spiritual. and disappointed to see, in such a oppression of mental patients. series of press conferences throughout the It has sought to examine and evaluate the prac- progressive publication, references to the country to publicize the manual, which tices and policies of the Jewish community while In actuality, there is really no difference will be available soon from the AJC. See being committed to deepening the value of Jewish "neurosis" of Jewish artists, the between the problems that mental patients Identity. "schizophrenic pull" of American culture this month's Bulletin Board (p. 22) for It has paid particular attention to those who have and the problems everyone else has. more details. through aesthetic forms, scholarship or their own on new immigrants, and an entire quote Sometimes these problems are more se- lifestyle are renewing the inner forces of Jewish com- munity. It has maintained that just peace in the Middle East requires the mutual recognition of full sovereign rights for Israel and for Palestinians and other Arabs in their states. It has maintained that the Integrity of the cultures of all ethnic and minority groups In the U.S. and throughout the world must be upheld. Forum ..- ItJiaa sought discussion on these and other mat- concerns. And it has hoped that these discussions will themselves stimulate the sort of Jewish action that is worth writing about. Let's Welcome Gay and Lesbian Jews Submissions Manuscripts and other material may be sub- By Denni Liebowitz mitted to ganmi* 2, 233 Bay State Road. Boston, iven the prevailing wisdom that ten lesbian Jews into our community. The gay men and lesbians represents a form of MA 02215. Please limit feature article to 3-6 pages, oppression not unlike others. It operates double-spaced, wide margins. Contributions for the percent of the general population is basic needs that are met by Jewish Readers' Forum of 2-3 pages, and short letters, re- homosexual, then there are 600,000 community are human needs met in a both on an attitudinal level and with views and artwork are welcome. Include a self-ad- G institutions. The discrimination homosex- dressed, stamped envelope for return. gay and lesbian Jews in the United States. Jewish context — extended family, study, All articles and artwork other than the editorials Most suffer from having no place in the cultural and ethnic identification, and uals face — in terms of jobs and housing, signed The Editors' do not necessarily reflect the Jewish community, and some have "re- spiritual expression. The needs remain the for example — represents a structured opinions of the genesis 2 editorial board. Authors inequality of power and access to re- bear responsibility for accuracy. turned" by creating their own com- same regardless of marital status or sexual munities. Because the primary unit of orientation. At this point in time it is sources. And, while gay men and lesbians Advertising and "belonging" in the Jewish community is essential that the Jewish community not obviously suffer as the targets of dis- Distribution the traditional nuclear family, most gay only support the gay Jewish movement crimination and negative attitudes, the oppression itself hurts everyone. Our open rate is $10.00 per column-Inch (5 col- and lesbian Jews feel isolated and that they but also take the initiative to become more umns/page), with discounts for larger ads, contracts, have no place in Jewish communal life. inclusive as a whole by ensuring that gay The word prejudice implies a lack of real prepayment and non-profit groups and agencies. Most of those who sever their ties with the and lesbian Jews have a place in com- information as well as an abundance of gmwsh 2 Is distributed free to all major colleges and universities Inthe Boston area. It is on sale In community do so out of anger, sadness, or munal life. myth and misinformation regarding a selected newsstands and bookstores In the area. both. For those strongly connected to their particular group of people. The most Subscriptions are available at $10/year (7 Issues), $18/2 years, $24/3 years. Bulk subscriptions are Jewishness, the rejection is deeply painful The Need for Education effective tool to discredit ignorance is also available. and represents a significant loss. Though homosexuality is a threatening education. But because of the tremendous- generis 2 is partially funded by a grant from the ly deep prejudice and consequent op- Jewish Student Projects, a beneficiary of the Com- But in the last decade, spurred on by the subject, we must address it with open bined Jewish Philanthropies, Boston, MA. gay liberation movement, gay and lesbian minds and open hearts. Fear, dread, and pression of gay men and lesbians and genesis 2 is available on microfilm. Vol. 1-10 can because sexual orientation is something be ordered from HUC-JIR Library, 3101 Clifton Ave., Jews have been working hard to create disgust of homosexuals and homosexuali- Cincinnati, OH 45220. Vol. 11-present is available communities where they can be Jewish. ty is not something unique to the Jewish that can be easily hidden (unlike race, for through University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106. There are gay synagogues and Jewish gay community; it is widespread and affects all example), most gay men and lesbians are and lesbian organizations in the U.S., and of us. Prejudice and discrimination against Continued on page 5 This publication an international network of gay and is available lesbian Jewish groups which meets an- nually. These communities have enabled Friends of genesis 2 in microform. some gay and lesbian Jews to reclaim their Judaism and others to connect with it for CHAI Friend Sustainer Vol. 1-10 available through the first time. But this movement, although Morris J. & Betty Kaplun Foundation Temple Beth Shalom (Mahopac, NY) HUC-JIR Library, vital and growing, is working against Havurat Shalom (Somerville, MA) Rabbi Joshua Elkin (Lexington, MA) 3101 Clifton Ave., tremendous odds, and therefore remains Edward Kaplan (Newton, MA) Cincinnati, OH 45220 marginal even among gay and lesbian Dorothy King (Chicago, IL) Vol. H-present available Jews. As a result, most of the 600,000 gay Nathan Rome (Somerville, MA) University Microfilms International and lesbian Jews in this country remain distanced from their Judaism. Friend If we are concerned about Jewish Betsy Abrams (Jamaica Plain, MA); C. Branstater (Boston, MA); Annique Caplan (Cambridge, Our Cover This Month survival and if, as the Torah teaches us, MA); Ellen Collins (N. Quincy, MA); Bob Davis (Brookline, MA); Anita Diamant (Allston, MA); "Shabbos at Sally's," an etching every person is created in the image of Naomi Isler (Brookline, MA); Janet and Mark Zerlin Fagan (Brookline, MA); Gordon Fellman by Carla Golembe; courtesy of God, then we must welcome gay and (Cambridge, MA); Joel Freilich (Brookline, MA); M/M Mervin Gray (Needham, MA); Andrea KOLBO Gallery, Brookline, MA. Genser (Cambridge, MA); Joshua Goldman (Somerville, MA); Rabbi J. Goldberg (Norwalk, CT); Edna Hunt (Cambridge, MA); Mitch Kamen (Lexington, MA); Joan Karp (Cambridge, MA); Dr. M. Kessler (Belmont, MA); Aaron Kleiner (W. Newton, MA); M & B Kramer (Lex- ington, MA); Renee Lerch (Cambridge, MA); Sherry Leibowitz (Cambridge, MA); Ari Levy (Cambridge, MA); David Mintz (Newton, MA); Ross Neisuier, M.D. (Newton, MA); M.H. Nelson Upcoming May/June: July/August (Dunstable, MA); Miriam Ornstein (Watertown, MA); Baruch Perlman (Somerville, MA); Ruth Focus on Annual 'Summer Rappaport (Medford, MA); Tom Rawson (Jamaica Plain, MA); M. Resh (Cambridge, MA); Ken Health Reading' Issue Rosenstein (Newton, MA); Yonina Rosenthal (Lexington, MA); Robert Roth (Brighton, MA); Issues Sylvia Rothchild (Chestnut Hill, MA); Esther Schneider (Newton, MA); Phil Schwartz (Bright- on, MA); Ludwig Seligsberger (Newton, MA); Mrs. M.M. Sherman (Lexington, MA); Deborah- Sue Smith (Brookline, MA); Mara Sokolosky (Brookline, MA); Bob Spector (Cambridge, MA); Additional copies of this special Single copy $2.00 Shelly Tenenbaum (Somerville, MA); Justin Wyner (Chestnut Hill, MA); Anonymous — 2. issue on "Judaism & Feminism" are 10 copies $15.00 50 copies $50.00 available. 20 copies $25.00 100 copies $75.00 Friends of genesis 2 Funding Goal 1984 $25,000 Received to Date $4,800 genesis 2 April 1984 Nisan 5744 Jackson and the Jews: The Deeper Issues

By Tom Rawson Jackson has called for a "trialogue" be- involved. And it is no accident that two of he recent storm of controversy over tween Blacks, Jews, and Arabs in the the major issues Jackson has been attacked Jesse Jackson's relationship to the United States, and he has spoken quite on are ones of importance in the Jewish TJewish community has stirred deep clearly to Black and Arab-American au- community. feelings of uneasiness among both Jews diences on behalf of security for Israel and At a deeper and perhaps more important and Blacks. In recent weeks many of my an understanding of Jewish concerns. He level are the issues of blaming and Jewish friends have told me of major fights has also, underneath all the press sensa- divisiveness. While Jews and Blacks might with friends or lovers over what seemed tionalism, reached out in an attempt to have been justifiably unhappy about each like just a political issue. Others who were heal the divisions caused by the storm other's actions without a storm in the working for Jackson have been struggling around his own anti-Semitic remarks. press, the coverage of the issue has fanned over the contradictions of a progressive On the negative side, Jackson clearly has the flames of division to new heights. candidate who makes anti-Semitic re- had difficulty in understanding anti-Semi- marks. Many report feeling wary of the tism. His "Hymie" remark, which was Set-up for Anti-Semitism whole situation, but unable to tell why it unequivocally anti-Semitic, was admitted For example, there has been excellent worries them. but also excused because it took place "in coverage of Black-Jewish differences, and Different but equally deep feelings have private conversation." While he clearly has no coverage of attempts at reconciliation. been raised in the Black community. Black gone through intense personal pain about When the Jackson campaign called a press activists I have spoken with talk about a an incident at Harvard in which his conference in Boston to call for Black- sense of cynicism, a feeling of "here we go daughter was grilled by an admissions Jewish dialogue, only one TV station and again," meaning that their movement is interviewer about her father's Middle East one newspaper showed up; the statement being attacked one more time. policies, that is no justification for identify- got one sentence on that TV station's In addition, many who are neither Black ing the interviewer as a "Jewish lawyer." evening news. Jewish leaders' statements nor Jewish but are concerned about the Pointing out visible Jews who have repudiating Jews Against Jackson, state- issues that have been raised find them- mistreated others encourages the common ments which seem to reflect the opinion of selves confused and with no place to turn anti-Semitic practice of blaming Jews for a a large proportion of the Jewish communi- for a clear picture of what's going on. variety of problems that the entire society ty, were barely covered, while the confron- What is actually going on here? Why is responsible for. Jackson apparently had tative tactics of the group gained them have Jews, Blacks, and others been feeling not yet understood this, and his record considerable publicity. And the tone of confused, angry, and uneasy? And what includes other remarks that reflect a media coverage has encouraged blaming are the underlying issues in the con- similar misunderstanding. The Reverend Jesse Jackson. and finger-pointing. Charges, denials, and troversy? Another difficulty is Jackson's lack of countercharges are the featured items. The "facts of the case" are complicated, information about events in the Jewish Jewish opinion, or leaves the unsubstan- Whether or not a particular statement was and it has been difficult if not impossible community. For instance, during the tiated impression that Jews as a group made becomes the key issue — rather than to sift through distorted and incomplete "Hymie" controversy, he charged that the have any particular opinion on a political the nature, context, or reason for the press reports to get a clear picture of the community had not spoken out to re- issue, is anti-Semitic. Such coverage statement. real issues involved. What is clear is that pudiate Jews Against Jackson. The charge stereotypes Jews and the Jewish communi- Such coverage provides a classic exam- there have been both legitimate concerns was entirely false; while the community's ty as a monolithic group, with knee-jerk ple of how anti-Semitism functions. The and distortions coming from all sides. press — using Jackson's own anti-Semitic Without analyzing every incident, I would remark as some of the fuel for the fire — like to look at some examples of what has has run a campaign of smears and attacks actually happened. against him that is clearly racist, and at the The real villains in the Jackson same time succeeded in creating the Repudiating Vigilantes widespread impression that Jews are to The Jewish community has been in the controversy are not the Black community blame for the attacks. Such a situation is a difficult position of responding to a or the Jewish community, but anti- set-up for further anti-Semitism, and is socially progressive Black candidate who reminiscent of the wide variety of situ- has made slurs against Jews and has what Semitism and racism. ations throughout history where some some feel to be a questionable record Jews have been placed in visible positions, concerning the Middle East. The com- and then blamed, as Jews, for the problems munity has, to its credit, been quite clear in . of an oppressive society (fox example, as differentiating itself from the small but statements on the issue were not widely reactions to certain issues. This coverage tax collectors in medieval Poland, busi- "vocal extremist group, "Jews Against reported in the heated atmosphere of the also makes it easier for others to engage in nessmen in pre-war Germany, or land- Jackson," which was started by Rabbi Meir controversy, it was irresponsible of Jack- such stereotyping, both because they lords in Harlem). Kahane and is closely overlapping if not son not to take steps on his own to be receive inaccurate information about the Finally, the divisiveness caused by the synonymous with the Jewish Defense aware of events in the Jewish community Jewish community, and because the cov- sensational coverage of this issue is in League. A number of Jewish leaders have before making such a charge. erage itself provides a poor model. itself harmful to both Jews and Blacks. Any denounced the group, including Albert Meanwhile, there has clearly been a force which divides two communities Vorspan, vice president of the Union of The Real Villains racist component to the incessant attacks which should be natural allies is bad for American Hebrew Congregations At this point in the story — ignoring for on Jackson in the press. While attention to both groups, and can only perpetuate (UAHC). Speaking to that group's national a moment that I've given only examples of his "Hymie" remark was justified, there their mistreatment. assembly last November, Vorspan said the facts of the case and not an exhaustive were other parts of the Jackson campaign that "We ... should repudiate and con- discussion — it may seem tempting to say that deserved coverage and did not get it New Forums for Dialogue demn the vigilante campaign of the Jewish "OK, the cards are on the table, let's start to during the week when that remark was It is important to remember that the Defense League thugs who have an- apportion the blame." Of course this front-page news. And the media have, in news media have not — by and large — nounced they will disrupt Jackson's politi- implies that much or all of the blame is to an example of the divisive use of anti-Arab deliberately created the problem. Rather, it cal rallies." be placed on either the Jewish community, racism to attack a Black candidate, re- is part of their normal operation to act in On the other side, last fall's under-the- the Jackson campaign (and implicitly the peatedly insinuated that there was some- the way I have described. In part, this is table release of a confidential 19-page Black community which supports that thing wrong with contributions to Jack- due to reporters and editors who grow up internal ADL memo on Jackson is a good campaign), or both. son's PUSH from Arab sources, despite the with incorrect attitudes about Blacks and example of how not to handle Jewish- But to assign blame in this way is a trap. fact that they were legal and in line with Jews like everyone else. This means that Black differences. The memo's tone is The real villains in this case are not the similar contributions from Arab sources to those writing about the issue often do not presumptuous: it is primarily a list of Black community and the Jewish com- other educational organizations. understand the communities they write incidents, with little analysis or reasoning, munity, but anti-Semitism and racism. The These may appear to be legitimate and about. In addition, a primary job of the the implication being that it is so obvious issues around Jackson's campaign, and "newsworthy" complaints. But when media is to sell newspapers (or TV time). that these things are bad for the Jewish particularly the treatment of it in the press, prominent white candidates have their The prevailing wisdom is that division and community that we don't even have to in fact provides some very clear examples policy proposals reported and discussed, conflict will do this, while reconciliation explain why. The charges themselves of how both of these forces work. or are known for their disagreements with and dialogue do not — at least not when range from outright anti-Semitism to There are a number of ways that press each other or Ronald Reagan, while the they are covered in the "usual" ways. disagreements over Middle East policy to coverage of Jackson's relationship to the only Black candidate is repeatedly attacked Given the level of anti-Semitism and the acceptance of "Arab money" by Jewish community has reflected anti- and his policies are pushed into the racism underlying this controversy, it is Jackson's PUSH, with no appreciation of Semitism. At one level, there is a wide- background, there is certainly racism not surprising that both Jews and Blacks the differences between these issues. And spread perception, largely created by the Continued on page 5 the distribution of the memo, which was media, that "Jews don't like Jackson." The wide but not open or acknowledged by the most blatant examples are in the coverage ADL, can hardly be considered responsi- of Jews Against Jackson: one typical report ble. I saw had a TV reporter discussing Both of these factors contributed to Jackson's differences with the Jewish CANDLEUGHTING TIMES making the memo a divisive force. It is community while pickets marched and shouted in the background. This didn't difficult to respond to a list of charges with (Boston, E.S.T.) ^Qsntl uMK/f (CuP" no reasoning attached, particularly when bother me at first because I know how the source of the charges is clandestine. small a base the group has, but I later The memo may have raised issues about realized that those unfamiliar with the Jew- APRIL Jackson and the Jewish community, but it ish community couldn't tell that, and gen- certainly did not do so in a way that erally received the wrong impression. Friday, 6th 5:57 encouraged healing or dialogue. Similarly, the coverage of Jackson's (Metzora, Lev. 14:1-15:33) iH m 3/1/1 remark about "Hymies" left a widespread Friday, 13th 6:05 H H Peacemaking Efforts feeling that he was being hounded for it by Shabbat ha-Gadol, Aharei Mot, H n ffi Jackson also has his share of credits and the Jewish community. In fact, Jewish Lev. 16:1-18:30) H B HI difficulties in his attitude toward the community leaders did not speak out Monday, 16th • 6:09 B ^i Wk Jewish community. When he travelled to against Jackson for that remark, though (Erev Pesach — Passover Eve) the Middle East in 1979, he urged Arafat some may have expressed their feelings Friday, 20th 6:13 m H m and other Arab leaders to renounce when asked by the press. The controversy (Shabbat Hoi ha-Moed, Ex. 33:12-34:26, Num. mHHHA IHmH WJRB terrorism and the idea of a military in this case came straight from the media. 28:19-25 ng BUM 'WE solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict, and Friday, 27th 6:21 work for mutual recognition between Divisive Press Coverage (Kedoshim, Lev. 19:1-20:27 Israel and the Palestinians. This peace- Of course, many Jews do have reserva- making effort has been largely forgotten, tions about Jackson and his campaign. But but it is well-documented in news reports press coverage which identifies a fringe from the time of his visit. More recently, group as representing a significant bloc of genesis 2 April 1984 Nisan 5744

News in Brief compiled by Steven Feldman

destroy the delicate balance recently estab- general nature, was intended to be an Jewish Groups Rap lished between backers of party head Jews for George explicit repudiation of the anti-Semitic Shimon Peres and his chief rival, Yitzhak Former South Dakota Senator George remarks of the Libyan representative to Creche Decision Rabin. McGovern won more Jewish votes than the General Assembly on Dec. 8, 1983. The Supreme Court's ruling that mu- Levinson's suicide followed allegations any other candidate in last month's The statement of concern was in- nicipalities may spend public funds for of financial impropriety on his part, but Democratic primary, according to a Boston corporated in the report entitled "Assess- Christmas nativity scenes has brought the party feud stems from the fact that television pollster. McGovern gathered 34 ment of the 38th United Nations General expressions of concern and criticism from many Peres supporters were friends of percent of the vote, with Sen. Gary Hart Assembly by Religious Non-Governmen- most major Jewish organizations. Levinson and are demanding the removal second at 29 percent. Former Vice Presi- tal Organizations." Many groups were also opposed to of those they say hounded the ex-banker. dent Walter Mondale trailed with 23 The final text as approved reads: Reagan Administration efforts to allow The incident has been a godsend to the percent, Sen. John Glenn received 9 "One of the troubling developments at prayer in public schools. current Likud government, which before percent and Rev. Jesse Jackson attracted 6 the 38th session of the General Assembly The Court's decision, involving a city- the scandal was trailing Labor in the public percent despite the uproar over his unflat- was the recurrence of manifestations of the financed Christmas display in Pawtucket, opinion polls. Those polls indicated that if tering remarks concerning Jews. Jews racist rhetoric. For example, certain attacks R.I., marked the first time it has allowed Knesset elections were held, Labor would made up about 9 percent of the total against Israel degenerated into blatant government-sponsored displays that were win a majority with 61 seats, while Likud 500,000 turnout. anti-Semitism. The secretary-general ap- explicitly Christian. The Pawtucket scene would gather only 37. The Levinson affair Herman Blumberg, executive director of pealed 'to all members to refrain from also included non-religious figures such as is believed to have seriously affected the American Jewish Committee in New language unbecoming to serious inter- Santa Claus, and it was unclear if the Labor's standing. England, attributed McGovern's strong national debate,' and we strongly endorse Court would have upheld the city had the — Philadelphia Exponent showing to the Jewish "youth vote" and his appeal." display been only a creche or another attraction "on the part of Jews for liberal — Chicago Sentinel religious symbol, such as a cross. ideologies." The Anti-Defamation League and The McGovern, as he had promised, with- American Jewish Committee (AJC), both Torah Registry drew from the presidential race shortly of which filed friend-of-the-court briefs in after the Massachusetts primary because Brief Briefs the case, quickly denounced the decision. Launched he failed to finish at least a strong second An estimated 40,000 people gathered in Samuel Rabinove, legal director of the The first-ever attempt to systematically here. Jerusalem to commemorate the first an- AJC, said, "In our opinion, this violates the mark and identify Torah scrolls has gotten — Jewish Advocate niversary of the grenade murder of Peace letter and spirit of the First Amendment." under way. The Universal Torah Registry Now activist Emil Grunzweig. It was the Among other Jewish groups who spoke (UTR) system uses micro-perforations and largest demonstration ever held in the city. out against the creche decision or against marking paste to give scrolls unique and Marchers demanded that Grunzweig's the school prayer amendment were the identifiable "fingerprints." UTR is the Jews Move Up the killers be brought to justice, called for the Union of American Hebrew Congrega- culmination of three years of research by complete withdrawal of Israeli troops from tions, the National Council of Jewish chemists, cryptologists, computer scien- Corporate Ladder Lebanon, and urged the Likud govern- Women, Pioneer Women, and B'nai B'rith tists, and security experts, all under the Jewish and non-Jewish executives in ment to step down. Grunzweig was killed International. guidance of leading rabbinic authorities. some of America's top corporations agree in February, 1983 during a Peace Now — Long Island Jewish World The registry is a response to an outbreak there is less discrimination against Jews in demonstration outside the Prime Min- of Torah thefts in recent years. A Torah the corporate world than there was in the ister's office .... The president of the scroll costs from $10,000 to $25,000. It is past. However, some Jewish executives North American Conference on Ethiopian believed that stolen scrolls have been sold believe that their religion is still a handi- Jewry said the situation facing Ethiopian Suicide Spells to unsuspecting congregations. cap, especially at higher levels. Jews living in Gondar province has Those participating in the registry will Seventy-five executives holding MBA's improved since her last visit to the region Trouble for Labor receive a kit that will enable them to apply from Harvard were polled by the in 1981. Barbara Ribakove explained that in the villages she visited, synagogues are The February 23 suicide of former Bank the approved markings, including super- American Jewish Committee. The study fine needles and invisible marking also noted that women and blacks have now open after having been closed by the Hapoalim director Ya'acov Levinson, once government in 1981 .... The new Con- a potential Labor Party candidate for substances. Each Torah will be marked in yet to establish a significant presence in 10 specific locations. the corporate world. cordat recently agreed to by the Italian Finance Minister, has revived internal State and the Roman Catholic Church will bickering in the party, threatening to — JTA While most of the non-Jewish executives believed there was little or no bias against have wide implications for the Italian Jews in their corporations, a small number Jewish community, including control of its contended that at high levels being Jewish ancient cultural and historical heritage in hurt a person's chances. Rome. The Condordat establishes a clear demarcation between the temporal and — Philadelphia Exponent religious powers of the Church and advances religious pluralism in Italy .... When you consider The Israeli Supreme Court has rejected an appeal by two American basketball play- that your UN Agencies ers that they be recognized as Israeli citizens. The two, who are not Jewish, once-a-year contribution Repudiate married Israeli women in wedding ceremonies in Cyprus in an effort to An ti-Semitism qualify for league play in Israeli basketball In an unprecedented action, represent- games .... Jacobo Timerman, founder and atives of non-governmental organizations former editor of the Buenos Aires daily (NGOs) from the major religious bodies at newspaper La Opinion, is suing those who the United Nations have expressed con- arrested and tortured him before his cern that attacks against Israel in the expulsion to Israel in .1979, Timerman helps support General Assembly have "degenerated into recently returned to Argentina for the first blatant anti-Semitism," the World Jewish time since his expulsion .... Avraham vital programs in health care, Congress reported recently. Burg, son of Israeli Interior Minister and The statement was approved by the National Religious Party leader Dr. Josef Jewish education, caucus known as "Religious NGOs" and Burg, has joined the opposition Labor was incorporated into the annual assess- Party. The younger Burg campaigned ment of the work of the General Assembly strongly against the war in Lebanon. The issued by the group. According to the WJC switch was announced with evident glee representative at the meeting, Elan by Labor Party head Shimon Peres. group services and Steinberg, the statement, though of a community relations, we believe you will Jewish Big Brother & want to consider Big Sister Association increasing your pledge for 1984.

(Many have increased pledges by 25%, 50%, 100% or more!) mitzvah Cmits Va,-v ], n., pi. Be part of the Breakthrough Campaign. -voth C-voth), -vahs 1 (Jewish word for a good deed-* Caring Jewish People

Support the 1984 Appeal of the LIKE BECOMING A BIG BROTHER COMBINED JEWISH PHILANTHROPIES Call Us Today of Greater Boston 72 Franklin Street, Boston, Mass. 02110 367-5818 genesis 2 April 1984 Nisan 5744 Yom Hashoah, Holocaust Remembrance Day: April 29 Forty Years Later, a Rescue Remembered

By Paul Plotsker food products for the German Army and the next day. hitch developed and it was called off, (JSPS) Danish autonomy would be guaranteed. Almost all the Jews listened to Rabbi Bamberger recalled. jorn Bamberger remembers the Apparently, Hitler was fond of his fair- Friediger and were taken in by neighbors The next night, he said, they boarded period vividly from his childhood. It haired Aryan neighbors. Anxious not to and friends. In addition, noted Consul small rowboats which took them out to a Bwas September 1943, just before alienate them, he even agreed initially to Albertsen, "One of the famous places they larger boat holding 200 people. Soon after Rosh Hashanah, and the Germans were refrain from deporting Danish Jews. hid Jews was a hospital in Copenhagen. setting off in this, they saw a Swedish finally rounding up the Jews of Denmark While Jews in Eastern Europe were The Jews were dressed up as nurses, put in torpedo boat approach. About half of the to be shipped to concentration camps. being mass-murdered, Danish Jews thus bed as patients, dressed up as doctors." Jews went onto that vessel. In Copenhagen, Bamberger and his went about their daily activities, though Only 454, Rabbi Friediger among them, An eyewitness account in a Swedish family, however, were sheltered by a with low profile. Some Jewish stores were found and arrested by the Germans. newspaper at the time described the Jews' neighborhood grocer. And the boy's removed their Jewish street signs and two They were sent to Theresienstadt, a stop- arrival on Swedish shores: "The boat father, a friend of the Danish police Jewish papers were discontinued, but over concentration camp in Czechoslo- draws alongside the quay. A Swedish commissioner, was successful in getting services were held every morning and vakia, but not sent on to Auschwitz, a officer calls out a hearty 'welcome'. The his house sealed off by the police, thus evening in Copenhagen, and educational much worse camp. refugees hurry on land with their small preventing the Germans from entering it. bundles. Many fight to keep back their A month or so later, through the aid of tears, their reactions are overwhelming. A fellow Danes, the family escaped to Jew kneels and kisses the soil of Sweden. It neutral Sweden, along with almost all of After helping seven thousand Jews escape, is no theatrical gesture." Denmark's 7,000 other Jews. But not all Jews who escaped Denmark It was the most astounding mass rescue some Danes mowed lawns and maintained reached Sweden. Besides some found by of Jews by their fellow citizens during a businesses for them until they returned. the German patrol boats and arrested, said war that saw most non-Jews in other Bamberger, "there were many, many countries turn their heads, and not a few suicides" during the journey. "They just pitch in, as the Nazis pursued their mass institutions remained open. The rescue effort for the others was couldn't take it," he explained, "that murder of Jews across Europe. But in August 1943, sabotage activity chaotic in its first stages. Jews had to be something like this could happen in To Bamberger, now a 51-year-old busi- began to surge in Denmark as the Nazis located, throughout Denmark, transported Denmark." nessman on Long Island, the commemora- began to look vulnerable, after their secretly to safe hiding places, and then In the Jewish cemetery in Malmo, tion is well-deserved. His mother had just defeats at Stalingrad and in North Africa. taken to the Danish coast. Ultimately, they Sweden today there is a row of graves set the New Year's meal when it came time Angered, Germany demanded that were shipped from there across the containing those who took their own lives. to flee, he recalled, but when the family Danes crack down on the saboteurs. In Oresund Sound to Sweden, about two What most impressed Bamberger from finally returned in 1945, after the war, response, the Danish government resigned miles across the water at its narrowest those years, however, was not the rescue "Everything was just like it was when we and Parliament went home. Germany point. Rowboats slipped silently across the itself, but the reaction of the Danish people fled — except the food, of course, had declared a state of emergency. sound, often aided by Swedish vessels. to the return of the Jews after the war. spoiled, and the potatoes had grown to the With no reason to continue their hands- Bamberger explained that the reason the In the harbor, he recalled, "They were ceiling." off treatment of Denmark's Jews, German rescue worked as smoothly as it did standing there waiting for people to come Some other Danish Jews found that troops broke into the Jewish community because the German soldiers at the shore up from the ferry and help them to find even the lawns of their houses had been center's office in Copenhagen and took were bribed. "It would have been impossi- apartments, to give food." The business mowed regularly by their neighbors. lists of Jews' names and addresses. ble to have this whole rescue operation his father was forced to give up during the Asked to explain such rare behavior, Rumors soon were circulating that the take place right in front of the German war was maintained, and handed back to Danish Consul Peter Albertsen of the Nazis would begin arresting and deporting soldiers without them knowing about it," him on his return. This effort to get the Danish Information Office in New York all the Jews. Though they denied it, a he said. Jews back into society was "the nicest observed, "What's interesting is that the German ship was dispatched to Denmark In his own case, his mother, unable to thing about the whole operation," said Jewish community in Denmark never for just that purpose. And on September stay in the grocer's hiding place any Bamberger. stood out as a minority community, so we 28, the German Commercial Naval At- longer, decided to try to get to relatives in Finally, in April, 1945 the Danish Jews really didn't rescue the Jews during the tache, G.F. Duckwitz, warned the leader of the city. While out, she was approached by still in Theresienstadt were released to the Second World War, we rescued our fellow Denmark's Social Democratic Party, Hans a stranger who knew ot her. rie asked tor Swedish Red Cross. Four-hundred-thir- Danes." Hedtoft, that October 1 would be the day. her address. teen of the 464 originally deported sur- "And I'm convinced," he added, "that Hedtoft quickly contacted the chairman "My mother didn't know anything," vived. In Copenhagen's largest synagogue, all the people who took part in this are of the Jewish community, C.B. Henriques, noted Bamberger. "She just put her faith in there was a rededication celebrating the convinced that if the situation had been who initially refused to believe him. this young man and at eight at night a taxi escape of the Jews and the return of the reversed, the Jews would have done the pulled up in front of this grocer's store and synagogue's Torah scrolls on June 22,1945, same for their fellow Danes." The following day was Erev Rosh we went down there." with Rabbi Friediger officiating. 0 Denmark's status as conquered territory Hashanah, the eve of the Jewish New He and his family were driven to Copyright Jewish Student Press Service. under the Nazis differed from most others Year. At a special service that morning, Zealand, an hour-and-a-half north of in a way that helped the Jews. After their Chief Rabbi of Copenhagen Max Friediger Copenhagen, where they met other Jews Paul Plotsker is an undergraduate successful invasion of the country in 1940, announced that all Jews should go into in a farmer's house. That night, an effort student in journalism at New York the Germans struck a deal: provide dairy hiding, and that there would be no services was made to send them to Sweden, but a University.

or dealing with questions of sexual orien- tions, is unsupportive and at times hostile. tation are faced with issues and uncertain- As a result, all parties lose. Gay and A group called Yetziah, coming out or Welcome ties that are frightening. The support or lesbian Jews lose access to the Jewish going out, has recently formed in lack of support they find at Hillel can make community, and the community loses Boston. Its purpose is to provide a significant difference in their future as access to those individuals and what they education about homosexuality within happy, healthy people and as Jews. have to offer, be it knowledge, creativity, the Jewish community. The members of Continued from page 2 energy, time, money, or prayers. We have Yetziah are committed Jews — gay and invisible as such. That is, because of the the opportunity and can choose to work heterosexual — working to help create Inclusiveness and Survival a more inclusive Jewish community. fear of losing a job, an apartment, tenure, Perhaps the most common response toward a more inclusive Jewish communi- or the love of family members or friends, ty, one that welcomes the participation of Yetziah is available to provide speakers from Jews on the subject of Judaism and and workshop leaders to groups in the most gay men and lesbians are forced to homosexuality is that "it's not good for the all Jews and is rich in its reflection of our hide their intimacies. diversity. It will be a lot of work and not Jewish community. To contact us, Jews." By that, people are generally please write to: Yetziah, c/o genesis 2, Therefore, most people don't realize that alluding to Jewish survival and the need without struggle. But from efforts such as this we can only grow and thrive. 99 Bishop Allen Dr., Cambridge, MA they have regular contact with individuals for us to produce Jewish children. The 02139 — colleagues, classmates, sons and concern is certainly real and is shared by Below is a meditation following the daughters, teachers, etc. — who are gay or gay and lesbian Jews. In fact, many gay Alertu taken from the Kabbalat Shabbat lesbian. As a result, an important op- men and lesbians have children through a service of Congregation Sha'ar Zahav, a portunity for overcoming people's mis- past marriage. Of the gay men and les- synagogue in San Francisco whose con- Jackson understanding of homosexuality is lost bians who don't marry, many parent or gregation is 75% gay and lesbian. because the vast majority of gay men and hope to parent using the various alter- Continued from page 3 lesbians are "in the closet." natives to traditional conception that are "Let us give praise to the Ruler of the have felt uneasy about it. Nevertheless, One of the most powerful kinds of available. There are also gay couples and Universe, and adore the Creator of the the situation also provides a great op- education occurs on a one-to-one basis individuals who would like to adopt, world, who did not make us like other portunity for building new bridges, and between people who share a mutual though they often find the process difficult nations, who created us different from perhaps rebuilding some old ones. respect, or even admiration, for one or impossible because of their sexual other people, and set us on a separate When the tensions become this visible, another. That personal connection often orientation. Clearly, the desire to have path toward a special destiny. it is easy to see that they are not in the best provides a basis of trust and increases children and build a Jewish home is not interests of either community. Both Black credibility as well as the desire to under- exclusively heterosexual. As gay and lesbian Jews we some- and Jewish leaders have recognized this: stand. But it is not the only forum in which In addition, the question of Jewish times are forced to hide the qualities many have worked hard to avoid further dialogue can take place. Education can survival does not revolve around children that distinguish us from others, our divisions, and there have been a host of occur in many settings and situations and alone. There are many other ways to love for each other, our heritage of with regard to the issue of homosexuality calls for renewed dialogue. There have contribute to the Jewish community and creativity spanning the millenia, our certainly been many long-term efforts at and the Jewish community, it should. therefore to its survival. There are gay and unique attributes with which we, in Workshops, panel discussions, forums and Jewish-Black cooperation. It is possible lesbian Jews who are committed to work- God's image, were created. that the response to the divisiveness the like might occur in such settings as ing in the Jewish community as educators, Hadassah meetings, synagogue programs, around Jackson's campaign will both boost social workers, community center work- But this cannot affect our inner this on-going work, and create new forums classrooms of different age groups, pro- ers, rabbis, fundraisers, and so on. And, of resolve to honor and fulfill our special grams at Jewish Family and Children's for dialogue and cooperation. To insure course, if we are really talking about purpose, to live out this wonderful that this opportunity is used in this way is Service and the Jewish Community Cen- Jewish survival, in terms of both numbers ter, havurot, and many others. and unknowable design, in which an important task for both communities in and commitment, then it makes sense to each of us has a part to play. the coming months. $ This kind of discussion is also essential make a place for the 600,000 gay and in Hillel Foundations. In general, students lesbian Jews in the Jewish community. And so, we bow in reverence before Tom Rawson lives in Jamaica Plain, often model their future involvement in Because of societal prejudice and op- the Ruler of Rulers, the Holy One, of MA. He is active in progressive Jewish the community during the college years, pression, the process of "coming out" and blessed name." O politics in the Boston area and was the and, for this reason, Hillel is .always an living as a gay man or lesbian is difficult. Jewish constituency coordinator for important vehicle in the Jewish communi- At present the posture of the Jewish Denni Liebowitz is a member of Mel King's recent campaign for mayor ty. Jewish students who are gay or lesbian community, with a few important excep- Havurat Shalom in Somerville, MA. of Boston. 6 genesis 2 April 1984 Nisan 5744

tiations since it is generally accepted as the representative organization of the Palesti- Peacemaker or Propagandist? nians. "But," he asserts, "enemies make By Leora Zeitlin peace. Friends don't have to." tanks, that Jerusalem be turned over to Khalidi claimed that the efforts of (JSPS) Arafat and that Moscow be a party to the AIPAC and ADL to undermine his writing t first appearance, the cultured face arrangements," wrote Dine. and publicize what he saw as falsehoods of Professor Walid Khalidi reflects \ about him were a deliberate attempt to Alittle of the controversy now surg- Calls for Diplomacy deny any credence to his views. The ing around him. But behind that face lies a In the Foreign Affairs article, Khalidi organizations, he said, did not want to mind generating ideas and proposals that indeed proposed hypothetical levels of consider national co-existence because it have made him the subject of a fierce strength for a future Palestinian state's is not accepted by the current Israeli conflict being waged in books and news- armed forces. Tenuously advanced government. "But there is a gap between paper op-ed pages by his defenders and ("heinous as this may sound," as he the informed, sophisticated American Jew- some American Jewish groups. introduced it), Khalidi's suggestion is ish community and some of its leadership," To the Jewish groups, Khalidi is an presented in terms of the state's internal he said. "Many Jews are sympathetic to a adversary in one of the most important needs, including the need to curb both two-state solution, as long as it does not wars being waged in the Arab-Israeli Palestinian and Israeli extremists from de-legitimize Israel." Khalidi said that struggle. It is the war of information — embarking on violent missions across their those who ignore a Palestinian solution some would term it disinformation — in mutual borders. based on a two-state concept imply that which words are used as weapons by both But those tanks, even alongside Jordan's "Palestinians don't exist." sides and the sought-after territory is 520, would still be no match for neigh- Dr. Walid Khalidi The question of whether this Palestinian public awareness. One battle in this war is boring Israel's 3,065, which Khalidi in- nuendoes" in the two books. Objecting to professor's views constitute those of a taking place right now over the term cluded in his scenario. (Curiously, given the term "pro-PLO," Khalidi said "I am pro- moderate lie at the center of this dispute. "moderate," — its definition and implica- Dine's fears, his addition is wrong: Khalidi Palestinian — or rather, pro-justice for Others at Harvard who know Khalidi tions — as it relates to the writings and proposed 260 tanks.) Palestinians. I am not 'pro-' this or that personally have gone on record in support person of this Palestinian professor. As alluded to by Dine, Khalidi also government, or any other organization." of his sincerity and right to the title of Khalidi, a research fellow at Harvard proposed that East Jerusalem be the capital Khalidi claimed that as an academic he has moderate. They include Henry Rosovsky, University's Center for Middle Eastern of the proposed Palestinian state because purposely not joined any political or- Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Studies and professor of political science at of its historical and spiritual importance ganization, and has been concerned with Stanley Hoffman, the well-known inter- the American University in Beirut, has for the Palestinians. But he also suggested the Palestine question "since Arafat was a national relations analyst and professor of called in his writings for a peaceful two- open frontiers between East and West schoolboy." He has often stated that the French civilization, and Herbert Kelman, state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Jerusalem, inter-state agreements over free PLO would have to be the main Chair of the Middle East Seminar at the dispute. It would include, according to his movement and residence between them, protagonist facing the Israelis in nego- Continued on page 7 proposals, mutual recognition and co- joint supervision of various city services, existence between both sides, with Pales- and an interfaith council to oversee the tinian neutrality on the Austrian model, so religious concerns of all three religions, all Conference Explores Middle East Issues that the new state would have inter- of which AIPAC failed to report when nationally guaranteed, non-aligned status. informing its readers of Khalidi's views. By David Danning to "change the nature of the present Two recent books, one published by the Dine's reference to a "PLO state" with n an effort to encourage New England debate" in this country over U.S. policy. American Israel Public Affairs Committee Moscow a "party to the arrangements," activists and organizers to integrate Current policy, said King, is not in the and the other by the Anti-Defamation referred to Khalidi's contention that the IMiddle East concerns into their ongo- interests of either the U.S. population as a League of B'nai B'rith, list Khalidi as being PLO must participate in the government ing political work, the Campaign for Peace whole or much of the rest of the world. part of a massive propaganda campaign — under the prior conditions he specified and Justice in the Middle East held a major The key question, King stressed, is thus in aimed at discrediting Israel and eroding — and that both superpowers must be conference in Cambridge, MA on Febru- whose interest U.S. policy is formulated. American support for the Jewish state. The involved in the agreements to insure their ary 25 and 26. Entitled "The United States After suggesting that the answer is "mono- organizations label his activities "pro- stability. Khalidi never wrote, as AIPAC and the Middle East: A Working Con- poly capital," he said that Mideast peace PLO," noting the terrorist acts of that contends in its book, that the state should ference on Preventing World War III," the and justice, on the other hand, would be in group, and are fighting vigorously against be "founded in accordance with the conference on the MIT campus featured the interest of the American people. his being considered a moderate. It has principles outlined in the PLO's Covenant" workshops on such issues as the back- Simmons College sociologist Elaine become a fight to define where the center which calls for the destruction of Israel. ground to the current Lebanese crisis, Hagopian followed with an historical will lie. nuclear weapons in the region, and the overview of the Lebanese and Israeli- Moderate or Propagandist? Jewish community's relationship to U.S. Palestinian conflicts in which she curious- Inaccurate Reporting In fact, the insistence of both AIPAC Mideast policy as well as workshops on ly failed to mention either the 1947 UN In The Campaign to Discredit Israel, and ADL that Khalidi has not repudiated organizing around various Middle East- partition of mandatory Palestine into a AIPAC assesses a 1978 article by Khalidi in the Covenant runs contrary to a 1981 related issues among specific constituen- Jewish and an Arab state or the invasion of the quarterly Foreign Affairs in which he Foreign Affairs article by him in which he cies. While plenary sessions included Israel by five Arab armies seeking its explained his position. Using one quote states that the Covenant is "maximalist, discussion of the roles of the superpowers destruction. selected from his "Thinking the Un- unrealistic and no basis for a settlement." in the Middle East conflict, the domestic MIT linguistics professor and well- thinkable: A Sovereign Palestinian State," Khalidi repeatedly calls for diplomacy cost of U.S. involvements and a variety of known Middle East analyst Noam AIPAC writes that Khalidi "believes that between all parties, including Israel. other topics, some Jewish activists in Chomsky then discussed U.S. and Israeli 'the loss of Palestine is the de-Arabization Reaction by Israel's supporters to this attendance expressed dissatisfaction at Mideast policy, which he succinctly of Arab territory' and is therefore both 'a Palestinian academic's proposals has been what they saw as a failure to adequately characterized as "oil" and "more," respec- violation of the principles of the unity and sharply distrustful of their feasibility, address Israeli interests and Jewish con- tively. Citing David Ben-Gurion's remark integrity of Arab soil and an affront to the desirability from the standpoint of Israeli cerns. that Israel views political arrangements dignity of the Nation.' " security, and not least of all, skeptical as to The Campaign for Peace and Justice in with its Arab antagonists as temporary, As New York Times columnist Anthony their author's true intentions. But charges the Middle East is a coalition consisting of Chomsky claimed that Israel is and always Lewis pointed out in a December 22 that AIPAC has failed to truthfully convey the American Friends Service Committee, has been an expansionist state. column, AIPAC completely reversed the what in fact those proposals are, at points Catholic Connection, the Lebanon Emer- Turning to the U.S., Chomsky said that, meaning of what Khalidi wrote. In the reversing their meaning, have now be- gency Committee, and Mobilization for at least since the mid-1940's, American article the Palestinian did write that until come an inseparable part of the debate in Survival. According to a press release policy toward the Mideast has been aimed now Arabs have held that view. But he did this ongoing information war. announcing the conference, the Campaign at gaining "privileged access" to the not write that he subscribed to it. Instead, The ADL book Pro-Arab Propaganda in "calls for a withdrawal of U.S. forces from region's vast oil deposits. The major he directly questioned its relevance to any America: Vehicles and Voices, gives a Lebanon, the rights of both the Israeli and impediment to the attainment of that practical solution, writing that such "prem- somewhat fuller account of Khalidi's Palestinian people to secure and indepen- objective was initially Britain and France, ises have held unchallenged sway, setting proposal than AIPAC does, but its judg- dent states of their own, a ban on arms and is now "radical Arab nationalism," Arab perceptions of Zionism and Israel ment of the significance of Khalidi's work sales to the Middle East, and a reduction of which Chomsky defined as indigenous into a seemingly unbreakable mold." He is no less harsh. U.S. aid to Israel and other Mideast movements that are independent of U.S. then proceeded with his effort to break Like AIPAC, ADL rejects the term countries which are either occupying control. that mold, advancing his own detailed moderate to characterize Khalidi and his foreign territory or fail to respect human Within that framework, Chomsky proposal for a peaceful two-state solution, work. In a Jan. 12 letter to the New York rights." viewed Israel as serving U.S. interests by outlined over 13 pages. Times, ADL National Chairman Kenneth J. Former Boston mayoral candidate Mel combatting Arab nationalism, a role also In the article, Khalidi acknowledged that Bialkin called Khalidi's proposal "a refined King opened the first plenary by proclaim- played by Iran before the fall of the Shah. in the past Arabs have rejected such a version of the PLO's 'Ten-Point Transi- ing that a major task of the conference was Continued on page 7 partition plan, but suggested that today, a tional Program of 1974' [which] reaffirmed more pragmatic generation of leaders "are the PLO's commitment to the destruction prepared to say that they accept it with all of Israel," in a step-by-step process. Advertisement the implications of such acceptance for ADL's research director Jerome Bakst Israeli-Palestinian and Israeli-Arab recog- went further. In a recent telephone ^inter- "An Open Letter to Zionist Jews" nition and co-existence." view he spoke of how Khalidi's views Dear Chaver/Chavera, The New England Zionist Federation and the Israel Cultural Center at Zionist House, 17 While the ADL book noted this, AIPAC never violate PLO policy. "The PLO Commonwealth Ave., Boston (267-3600 or 267-2235) cordially and enthusiastically invite did not — making the accuracy and even accepted a two-state solution in 1974, but your interest and participation in our many programs and groups! sincerity of its reporting of Khalidi's views they considered it a stepping stone to the 1. The Israel Cultural Center has openings for people interested in working on: Monthly a core part of Lewis' critique, separate from 'liberation of all Palestine,' meaning Israel Art and Cultural Exhibits, Israeli Literature Today, Jerusalem Week 1984, Fundraising, its opinion of those views. as well," Bakst said. "Khalidi doesn't say Sunday Afternoon Israeli Music, Sunday Afternoon Movies on Israel, Saturday Night In an interview with JSPS, however, that. But he doesn't contradict it either." Cabarets, Publicity, Grant-seeking, membership ... AIPAC spokeswoman Lisa Behren refused Bakst described Khalidi as a "smooth and Other groups open to new people are: polished" propagandist, who "doesn't A. "Na'aleh" (post-college poeple interested in living in Israel but not ready for to discuss this issue, instead saying simply, aliyah. Explore questions re Israeli lifestyles and options). "AIPAC stands by its position that it is come on like an Arafat or a Habash." B. "Dor Hemshech" (Generation of Continuity, i.e. people 25-44 who represent inaccurate to depict Khalidi as a moderate. Because Khalidi refuses to denounce the potential leadership of the Zionist movement, and are interested in Zionist We looked at the entire context of the PLO as the Palestinians' representative, philosophy and varieties thereof). C. Zionist Academic Council (academics, professional teachers, and writers interested article and feel we were correct in that." both Bakst and Bialkin dismiss the sinceri- in meeting socially and discussing in depth current Israeli policies and In a letter of response to Lewis pub- ty of his article, in which he specifies a phijosophies). lished in the New York Times on Jan. 12, negotiated two-state solution, with rec- D. "Hitboddadut" (Jewish Meditation Circle, for serious meditators who are also AIPAC's executive director Thomas A. onciliation and guaranteed secure borders interested in Jewish Mysticism). E. Other "Chuggim" (circles for people with specialized interests) are also in refor- Dine also failed to address the accuracy-in- as part of a permanent peace with Israel, mation. These meet in private homes and are self-contained units, a la the chavura reporting issue. Instead he defended his and with the Palestinian state only on the movement. Topics for discussion may include; Israeli ecology, investment in organization for excluding Khalidi from Occupied Territories. Bakst called this "the Israel, political lobbying, Arab-Jewish relations, and a Hebrew conversation the ranks of the "moderates," and includ- Ten-Point Program with sugar coating." "chug." ing him in a book listing Israel's enemies I look forward to hearing from you! from the extreme right, the extreme left 'Enemies Make Peace' Sincerely, and Arab-oriented oil interests. Dr. Phillip Baram, In a recent interview in his Harvard Director, Zionist House/Israel Cultural Center "Khalidi demands that there be an office, the 60-year-old Khalidi spoke of the and the New England Zionist Federation armed PLO West Bank state, with 250 charges and what he described as "in- genesis 2 April 1984 Nisan 5744

Khalidi An Independent Institute Western countries as well — for example, whom he met apparently accept him as But Harvard's Kelman was invited to be Britain's Prime Minister Margaret such. Others in the ruling Likud would Continued from page 6 an observer at the PNC meeting lat year., Thatcher. He also said he has continually surely stand with ADL and AIPAC in Center for International Affairs and Cabot In a phone interview he noted that Khalidi sought out people — among them senior rejecting this. But as Kelman contended, Professor of Social Ethics. was not present, nor was he on the list of members of the American Jewish com- the implied demand on the part of ADL Kelman, an expert in conflict resolution, those invited from the United States, nor munity — who are interested in the and AIPAC is that the "Palestinians has been particularly involved with the had he ever been a member. Saying the possibility of a dialogue towards a nego- repudiate their own demand for Palestini- Israeli-Palestinian conflict. "In my view," news reports were simply in error, he said, tiated settlement. "Not on behalf of any an national rights," before they will even he has written in a recent letter to the New "The PNC is not a secret body. People who organization," he said, "but on behalf of talk with them. "That has to do with York Times, "moderates in the Israeli- deny his repeated statements that he is not myself. This is my field." Khalidi, along victory. It has nothing to do with nego- Palestinian conflict are those members of a member have to bring evidence that he with four other Palestinian nationalists, tiated agreements," he said. "It is not a both parties who are searching for a is." recently met with five members of Israel's formula for peace." <> Knesset, mostly from the Labor Party, in a negotiated solution, and who are prepared Unlike AIPAC, ADL does not state conference at Harvard University. Copyright Jewish Student Press Service to make certain compromises to achieve Khalidi is officially conected with the PNC such a solution. Moderates by this defini- or the PLO, but calls him "an active pro- In this information battle, the question tion are individuals who are deeply PLO propagandist," and links his Institute remains, "is this man moderate?" The Leora Zeitlin is a freelance writer committed to their own community and for Palestine Studies with the Beirut-based Opposition Israeli Knesset members with living in Somerville, MA. fully integrated in it." PLO Research Center. tionship to the occupied territories, a Khalidi, who is secretary of the Institute Kelman also wrote that "what is most presentation by Ur Shlonsky, an Israeli and the moving force behind it, insisted Conference disturbing about the inaccuracies and peace activist, was disturbing. U.S. materi- that the group is completely independent irrelevancies [in the AIPAC and ADL al and moral support, he said, has helped of any PLO connection. Noting that only Continued from page 6 books] is that they suggest an unwilling- foster an Israel that is not in the long-run seven of its 44 trustees are Palestinian, The U.S. supports a militarized, ex- ness to establish communication with the interests of its people. In particular, U.S. Khalidi said the group could never have very elements in the Palestinian communi- pansionist Israel, Chomsky explained, backing for Israeli foreign policy, including stayed intact were "anyone dictating ty that have a willingnesss and capacity to through military aid, financing of settle- its policies in the territories, has con- policy" over its varied membership. The work for a peaceful solution of the ments in the occupied territories, and by tributed to the militarization of the Israeli Institute publishes a number of publica- conflict." blocking Arab peace initiatives, starting economy (including the growth of an tions, including documents from both the Khalidi himself objects not only to the with the 1971 Sadat initiative. The Camp Israeli "military-industrial complex") and United States and Israel (translated into Jewish groups' judgment of his intentions David agreements, in this context, have to the oppression of Arab communities on English) pertaining to the conflict and was but adds, "practically every statement is been a device to isolate Egypt from the rest the West Bank and a rise in racism toward founded in 1963, before the PLO was factually wrong." of the Arab world in order to exclude it Arabs on the part of Israelis. formed, not in 1965 as the book reported. from a "genuine" peace process. The AIPAC book cites Khalidi as a Although the conference seemed to be "member of the Palestine National Coun- Khalidi refuted many other charges in In the conference's second plenary, generally well-received, a group of Jewish cil, the PLO's 'parliament,' a founder of the the books. He denied ever having been a Carlotta Scott, an aide to Congressman students from various colleges in the area PLO's Institute for Islamic Studies and a "close advisor"to PLO leader Yasir Arafat, Ron Dellums (D-CA), discussed the protested the "uneven-handed" character member of the Board of Trustees and and said he had never written a speech for domestic costs of U.S. military involve- of recent Mideast conferences and offered former executive secretary of the pro-PLO him, as ADL claimed. He said that the only ment in the Middle East, emphasizing the literature presenting "the other point of 'think tank,' the Institute for Palestine time he ever spoke to an Arab-American need for blacks to establish political links view." In addition, several members of Studies." (The Palestine National Council, audience was in 1972; ADL wrote "He with peace groups. New Jewish Agenda complained that the or PNC, is a legislative body that de- often visited the U.S. to address pro-Arab Scott was followed by long-time activist gathering neither adequately addressed termines broad policies of the PLO.) groups." Pointing to the ADL assertion Eqbal Ahmad, a Pakistani affiliated with Jewish concerns nor effectively integrated Khalidi responded vehemently. "I am that his "by-line has appeared" in the the Transnational Institute. Ahmad chided Jewish groups into the presentations and not a member of the Palestine National Journal of Palestine Studies, Khalidi the U.S. peace movement for its relative discussions. Issues of Israeli security and Council. I ought to know. Look at the opened a 10-year index of the Journal's inactivity with respect to the Mideast. Jewish national survival — which one roster, " he said, noting that membership is articles and showed that it listed only one Calling the area "the Sarajevo of World member emphasized are not being ad- not secret. "This is a question of fact." He short book review by him. "Is this a War III," Ahmad emphasized that the vanced by current U.S. or Israeli policy — also said "there is no PLO Institute for byline?," he asked. "I'm not distancing Mideast conflicts have become globalized, were not systematically confronted in the Islamic Studies." myself from the work," he said of the with possible horrifying consequences for plenary sessions, and they were apparent AIPAC's Thomas Dine supported the quarterly that he conceived of and edits. all of humanity. ly discussed seriously only in the few allegation of PNC membership by Khalidi "What disturbs me is the cavalier treat- Boston University history professor workshops led by Agenda members. Irene Gendzier led off the last educational in his Times letter by writing "not just we ment of facts." In the opinion of one critic, the con- plenary by arguing that the U.S. has never but Reuters, BBC, the Associated Press, As a well-known scholar of the Israeli- ference gave the impression that the only placed a very high priority on resolving the The Washington Post, Tass and Radio Palestinian conflict, Khalidi said he has truly "progressive" stand on the Middle Mideast conflict, claiming that U.S. Riyadh have described him as a member" advised many leaders, including those in East is anti-Zionist, ignoring the position strategic and oil interests in the area of the PNC. the PLO, in Arab countries, and many of organizations such as Agenda which are "preclude a humane settlement of the Zionist but which also favor Palestinian conflict." Munir Faseh, former Dean of self-determination. The principle of Students at Birzeit University on the West mutual recognition of self-determination THIS SUMMER - FOR YOUR VACATION Bank, gave a personal view of the impact for both peoples, another member com- of U.S policy on the Palestinians. That mented, although explicitly urged by both policy, in his view, is part of an overall U.S. Ahmad and Shlonsky, did not come out global policy aimed at preserving the gross LET IT BE /'loud and clear" at the conference. inequality in the distribution of world resources. Faseh's hopes for building a In any case, the same individual pointed "solidarity network" among progressives out, that theme seemed to be grudgingly IN ISRAEL were buoyed, he said, by the large turnout accepted by most speakers and partici- at the conference and by the Israeli peace pants as the most practical, rather than the movement. most just, solution to the struggle between and let It be with Masada, the Youth Move- Israel and the Palestinians. In this connec- Faseh's talk was followed by a some- tion, it was noted, Shlonsky's political ment of the Zionist Organization of America. what grisly, yet moving, account of the position — he actually favors a bi-national impact of the current Lebanese fighting on state but thinks it is not feasible — and at Offering 3 Programs. civilians by Irene Borowski, an American least parts of his analysis represent only a nurse who spent six months working in a small minority of Israeli opinion. Nonethe- Specially tailored for students. Ages 18-23. hospital in the Shouf mountains. Borowski less, he was the only speaker who described her experiences partially as a presented an Israeli viewpoint. O corrective to what she saw as the overly- intellectual nature of the conference. SUMMER IN MOSHAV David Danning is an economist and Live and work with a Moshav (cooperative agricultural village) For those in attendance who were free-lance journalist living in Cam- family for 2 weeks. 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torn clothes carrying a sack over the shoulders. A short time later there would The Living Drama of the Seder be a knock at the door. "Who is it?" the group inside would ask. "I am a Jew. I want to celebrate Pesach By David Chack with you," was the reply. esach is often seen as the holiday of "How can we be sure you're a Jew?" friends and family, the holiday of "I wear a tallis katan (prayer shawl)," Prenewal, a time to discuss Jewish came the answer. concepts, and to sing a few holiday songs. "Give us another sign," the occupants But to me Pesach has always been a answered. holiday of drama. It is the dramatic "My paos (sideburns) are proof." element that draws the celebrants together "That's not enough. We need another and creates the bond of importance sign." surrounding Pesach. Finally they would be told by the One can even see Pesach as a play stranger that he had come from Jerusalem complete with two acts and an inter- and that enemies lay in wait for all of mission. The Haggadah provides the them. Then the outsider cried a long cry. script, although it can easily be improvised Silence ensued. After a time a chacham from and added to, and those attending (wise one) would signal to open the door. the Seder provide the actors. The style and roasted egg, and most of all the matzoh. hypocrisy and in his rush to leave the table In would walk the guest bedecked in mood of the play comes from the prior And not just Manishewitz matzoh for me. I knocked over the wine. A hush descended oriental garb from Jerusalem, and with preparation of the participants just as if need a bonafide symbol of affliction that over the assembly as my mother and great joy everyone would ask their ques- they had memorized their lines and doesn't come off a high powered assembly grandmother cleaned up and my aunt tions about the Holy City. The guest would rehearsed them every year all of their lives. line. I need Shmura Matzohs — specially went to comfort my uncle. After a pause inform them that the days of the Messiah Theodore Gaster in Festivals of the prepared and incredibly tasteless; a true my sister started a song, my brother joined were near — amen, may it be the Lord's Jewish Year writes about the Seder that symbol. in, then my father, and I. We came to the will. (The Passover Haggadah, Orenstein ".. . (it) is no mere act of pious recollection Often I am the one who officiates at the part in our script about the matzoh and its and Frankel, ed.) but a unique and inspired device for Seders I attend, and I distribute parts to all significance as the bread of affliction. My At the Seder's end, I come away from blending the past, the present, and the the members of my family. My younger uncle came to join us and my mother the drama of it cleansed and with a future into a single comprehensive and sister plays the youngest child (type served us the first course of eggs in salt renewed vigor for life. Whatever problems transcendental experience. The actors in casting), my father and brother play parts water. I confront through the Seder, I regain faith this story are not merely the particular of doubters and faithful adherents to the From talking with other friends about that comes from being in contact with my Israelites who happen to have been led out intellectual and emotional issues that their Seders, I have heard about similar inner being in interaction with others. My of bondage by Moses but all generations of come up over *he evening. Occasionally instances of dramatizing family conflicts family, my culture, my spirituality, and my Israel throughout all time .... The concep- my sister plays reconciler and my mother outside the Seder script. This living career are my source. As mentioned tion of the Seder as an experience rather is the stage manager who hurries up the through personal and cultural history earlier, each year is a rehearsal for the year than a recitation runs like a silver thread pace when things get bogged down with makes Pesach a drama in the true sense of to come and each year I realize that my through the whole of Jewish tradition ... too much intellectualism. Her job is to get the word — it provides catharsis, enlight- strength to continue and to grow comes the Haggadah is the script of a living us to an amenable conclusion so we can enment, and change. After that Seder, my from this source. I look forward to the drama, not the record of a dead event.. .." have intermission and eat. family and I understood my uncle's appearance of Eliyahu HaNavi, the guest I often feel with the preparation leading One Pesach our improvisation from the feelings towards religion more clearly and star. And every year with more and more up to the Seder that I'm getting ready for script became very freeform. The tone set respected them more. perfect faith I believe he is coming. 0 opening night. The cleaning and kashering by my chanting had qualities of harshness Historically, Jews have used the Seder to all have the quality of building a set for a and the evening became an interplay purge themselves of the fear of oppression. David Chack is a contributing editor production. Of utmost importance are the betwee'n the drama of the Exodus and the Oriental Jews would act out a graphic of genesis 2 and an M.A. candidate in props — the maror, haroset, shankbone (if drama of a family struggle. The climax was depiction of fear and hope. They would drama at Tufts University with a we have vegetarians, maybe a beet), reached when my uncle accused us of send one of the Seder members outside in specialty in Jewish theatre.

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SCHOLARSHIP Qualifying Applicants Receive: #*#%Biir%r-vivi#%iLi I Round-Trip Flight + Tuition + Board COMPETITION + Tours-For only $600 Program involves Classic Jewish Studies in Areas Such as: Jewish Philosophy Ethics and values Jewish History Meaning of Prayer Jewish Law Tanach (Bible) Concepts of Mitzvot Mishna Talmud Daily Ulpan (Classic Midrash and Modern Hebrew) Mysticism Academic credit Available • Program Approved by the Government of Israel • understand the bond between yourself as a Jew, your people, your heritage, and the land. • Share the experience with men and women from different countries and backgrounds • Top Jewish educators and scholars deal with your questions on a personal level. • Discover the beauty of Shabbat with families from Morocco or Russia, with Chassidim or Yemenites, with American immigrants or ninth- generation Jerusalemites. • Tour around the country but off-the- beaten -path. Explore the body and soul of the Land of Israel. Dates: Croup Departs on June 11,1984— returns August 19,1984 who May Apply: Jewish Men and women; 18-30 years old. NO previous background in Jewish studies is required! Men's Program will be based at Ohr somayach/ central campus, Jerusalem, women's Program will be based at Neve Yerushalayim college for women, Jerusalem. Scholarship Awards: scholarships will be awarded based on the merit of the applicants. Early applicants will be given . preference according to the availabiltiy of places. Partial grants will also be awarded. These scholarships are sponsored by: For Applications and or write: The Jewish Learning Exchange information call: The Jewish Learning Exchange a service of Ohr somayach / Neve Yerushalayim Toll Free (800) 431 -2272 P.O.B. 334 Tanenbaum college N.Y. (914)425-1370 MOnsey, N.Y. 10952 The mystique and life tempo of living and studying in Jerusalem prove a particularly fertile soil for personal growth. Let this be the summer to nurture your roots! L 10 genesis 2 April 1984 Nisan 5744 Seeking Peace The Jewish Roots of Civil Disobedience

By Sara Joffe and Brian Walt the Holocaust that the unthinkable is ivil disobedience (CD), Jewish style, possible. The Holocaust also raises for us has been the theme of discussions the questions which lie at the heart of any Camong Jewish disarmament activists civil disobedience — the ethics of con- recently inspired by this past fall's inter- fronting, defying or resisting unjust laws. faith CD action at the General Electric Ordinary German citizens were willing Space Center near Philadelphia (genesis 2, to obey Hitler's unjust and inhuman laws. February/March, 1984). The consciously German corporations were willing to Jewish presence at that event has fostered develop the technology for the Final an ongoing group of Philadelphia activists Solution. Why? Why didn't they see that which meets to consider Jewish per- there was an ethic which demanded of spectives on CD, and the Rainbow Sign them extraordinary action that extended Conference on Civil Disobedience, held beyond the law? What extraordinary February 19-20 in Philadelphia, which was actions must we take in confronting the attended by about forty Jewish disarma- government and the corporations which ment activists from communities on the are developing the nuclear "gas ovens of East coast. humanity"? After the General Electric protest, one Jewish observer was confused What aspects of Jewish experience and action was deeply moving. The blast was tradition support the practice of CD? How women and men? Many of those who about the need for Jews to break the law in attended the Rainbow Sign CD Con- one of warning — it literally shook us up. opposing GE. One of the protesters can we make that practice meaningful in a Should we designate a time of year — Jewish context? What we have at this stage ference think so. Plans have begun for an responded, "If at that plant they were encampment in Washington, D.C. over the perhaps the month of Ellul — when we making the gas ovens or the gas for are not answers, but hints of where we blow the shofar every day outside a might look. Let's start by looking at eight days of Sukkot, 5745, with a sukkah Auschwitz, wouldn't you feel that we as our symbol. With its images of peace nuclear facility, outside the Pentagon or should do anything, including trespassing Scripture, and then consider more recent the White House? history. and connection to the natural world. — breaking the law — to warn the world Pikuach nefesh. This is the one com- and prevent it from ever being used?" mandment that tells us we are obliged to defer or even break other mitzvot if it One potent example of civil disobedience Part of our intention in doing Jewish acts means saving a life. Since in our genera- of civil disobedience is to speak to Jews, to tion it is not just single lives which are in Jewish history is found in the story of raise as sharply as possible within the threatened but the entire world, it follows Jewish community the life and death that one application of pikuach nefesh the midwives who defied Pharoah's struggle which we face. We are bound to today is that every Jew is commanded to face resistance; Jews in the U.S.- have take some action to prevent nuclear decree and saved the lives of Jewish infants. invested a great deal of faith and energy in holocaust. How do we fulfill the mitzvah the rule of law. It is the law which protects of pikuach nefesh when all life is threat- our religious and civil rights as Jews. We ened? Could it mean that we should refuse the sukkah is the exact opposite of a fallout The Lighting of Candles. In Jewish will need to struggle to raise the issues, to to pay that part of our taxes which pays for shelter. It is temporary, open to the sky — tradition we light candles for Shabbos and present and explain our actions in such a nuclear missiles and technology? Could it the house you can live in only if the world festivals. We could view the lighting as way as to gain support from those in the mean a blockade of entrances to army is at peace. And it is a structure into which using the energy of fire for affirmation of Jewish community who choose to remain bases where nuclear missiles are deployed, Jews can invite people of all faiths and life rather than for destruction — the Flood within the law. We need to view our civil or the White House or Pentagon where backgrounds to share in our vision. of Fire. Last year a group in Philadelphia disobedience as one aspect of a broad life-denying policy decisions are made? Anyone interested in helping make Suk- lit Havdalah candles on Tisha Jewish disarmament movement, a move- The Midwives. One of the most potent kot Shalom happen this autumn can B'Av/Hiroshima Nagasaki Day at the local ment which should embrace many dif- examples of CD in Jewish history comes contact Robin Miller, c/o Rainbow Sign, memorial to the victims of the Holocaust. ferent modes and levels of action. from the Exodus, in the story of Shifrah 7041 McCallum St., Philadelphia, PA The Rainbow is a powerful symbol of Clearly the existence of the Bomb and and Puah, the midwives who defied 19119. God's promise never again to destroy the the preparations for its use present us with Pharaoh's decree and saved the lives of earth, one which has been used in many a situation which is unprecedented, and Jewish baby boys. What can this model Part of what will make our CD actions ways at vigils, CD actions and services for we need to respond to it in new, daring teach us about the situation we face? Does Jewish is not only the context but the disarmament. The symbol of the Rainbow and unprecedented ways. <• it provide a message about the power of symbols we use. At the GE protest the and Rainbow Sign has been described women to act in the face of injustice? Christian group spilled their own blood on fully by Arthur Waskow in a previous Sara Joffe is an organizer for Rainbow Women have had a striking impact on the the GE logo. Clearly that symbolic act, issue of genesis 2 (May, 1983). peace movement; in the past few years it while powerful for Christians, is inap- Sign, a Jewish project to prevent has been women who have created a propriate for Jews. What symbols might While considering Scriptural symbols nuclear holocaust. Brian Walt is a potent, dramatic and important CD model we draw on? Here are some suggestions. and references that support CD, it's student at the Reconstructionist Rab- in the Women's Peace Encampments. The Shofar. The urgent, wailing sound important not to ignore the lessons of the binical College and a congregational The Sukkah. Is it possible for us to of the shofar blown by Jews as members of more recent past. rabbi. They live with their two chil- create a peace encampment for Jewish our contingent were arrested at the GE The Holocaust. As Jews we know from dren in Philadelphia.

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WRITE TO CENTER FOR POPULAR ECONOMICS • BOX 785 • AMHERST, MA01004 genesis 2 April 1984 Nisan 5744 On Judaism, Feminists and Families By Martha Ackelsberg udaism and families; the terms seem almost synonymous. For many con- temporary American Jews, it is difficult Jeven to imagine Judaism without a traditional family at its center. But the meaning and experience of "families" has changed radically in the United States over the past few decades; and those changes have implications for the Jewish communi- ty as well. The issues involved appear to be partic- ularly problematic for Jewish feminists. For, as the feminist movement has grown and developed, both in theoretical sophis- tication and in membership, we have become increasingly aware of the ways in which the institution of the family, and the particular ways in which women's roles have been defined through their rela- tionship to that institution (even in the Jewish community), has constrained the growth and development of both men and women. And, as this awareness has grown, concrete social developments have helped to make it clear that some serious rethinking of the relationship between family structure, changing lifestyle choices, and Jewish communal life is in order. The fact is that increasing numbers of children — both within the Jewish com- munity and within the society at large — are growing up in families which differ substantially from "the norm." Only about 14% of all families in the United States are "traditional" families (i.e., with a male wage-earning head-of-household, wife working in the home, and children); a slightly larger percentage of all families is composed of two-parent families where both parents are wage-earners; 15% of all families are single-parent woman-headed families; and increasing numbers of peo- /. Bogardas, D. Cassya, M. Wohl, Courtesy ofKolbo ple, both old and young, are living either alone or with people to whom they are not "singles" is to arrange separate functions not made to feel alien or strange, all were the community as a whole. That means related by either birth or marriage. By which maintain their isolation. there together. When children were born, devoting attention — and resources! — to 1980, "23.4 percent of all children aged As should be obvious, such attitudes each birth was a celebration for the creating a context in which all members seventeen or under were not living with (and programs) deny the possibility that community. Many people, in addition to can live full Jewish lives. both parents. They were instead living some people may have made a conscious the parents, took responsiblity for child- It is impossible to say, at this point, with one parent, another relative, or a non- choice not to marry. At the same time, they care when the young ones came to davven. exactly what a Jewish community which relative." reinforce a sense of isolation on the part of And many — especially single people, but truly recognized and valued a variety of those who may wish to be married but are some married as well — conscientiously "familial" options might look like. But it This is not to argue that any of the not or who may be in relationships other undertook to develop and maintain long- will of necessity be a community which alternatives to traditional nuclear family than traditional marriages. In any case, term relationships with those children. takes seriously the communal context of structures mentioned so far are, necessari- such approaches tend, although in dif- Havurot celebrated accomplishments in the command p'ru ur'vu, to bear and raise ly, superior to the nuclear family, or are to ferent ways, to place those who are not the lives of their members — not just those children. It would be a community in be advocated as "models" of the future. It married in the category of "other," and to linked to life-cycle celebrations (though which the provision of day care is is to suggest, however, that a Jewish impede their full integration into, and those, too, of course) but publication recognized as an issue for all, not simply as community which is vital, and speaks to participation in, the Jewish community. parties, graduation parties, etc. — recog- the responsibility of individual mothers. It the variety of ways in which its members nizing that a vital community must would be a community which provides live their lives, must begin to confront The Third Approach acknowledge and nurture all aspects of support to single parents and their chil- these demographic changes. It is not people's lives. dren, and recognizes that one need not be simply that the feminist movement — or What is necessary, then, is to develop yet a third approach, one which moves But even in the havurah movement, as part of a traditional nuclear family to the havurot — have challenged us on a experience birth and child-rearing. practical or an ideological level. It is rather beyond mere "tolerance" to recognition of the years have gone by, membership has that our traditional models and under- the various choices people may make (or aged, many have married and are engaged It would be a community which recog- standings are, in fact, inadequate to the be forced to make) about their lives, and to in raising children, and some of the initial nizes that people may choose to live ways in which we are already living. incorporate that diversity into the main- commitments have, I think, been lost. communally with others, and find support stream of the Jewish community. People and fulfillment from those relationships. It Inflexibility vs. Diversity seem to need, and thrive on, warm, Redefining Terms would be a community which truly Jewish communities in the United States supportive, intimate relationships — both To think pragmatically about what the supports those who do not have children; have responded to the recent demographic with peers and with children and adults of Jewish community could do to com- exploding the myth that true fulfillment changes and changes in life patterns in a ' different ages. But traditional families are prehend and incorporate the diversity of requires child-bearing and child-rearing number of different ways, some more not the only contexts in which such its membership is to take seriously and while providing opportunities for the fruitful than others. Two approaches intimacy can take place; nor need tra- respond to the criticisms and suggestions "childless" to develop meaningful, long- might be said to characterize those ditional families be the only context in offered by Elizabeth Koltun and Laura term relationships with young people, responses to date. One response has been which we can conceptualize such rela- Geller, some years ago — most particular- should they choose to do so. relatively inflexible, apparently operating tionships. The same could be said of other ly, the need for a new understanding of It would be a community which recog- on the assumption that if we ignore it, it "familial" functions, e.g., nurturing of "completeness." As they argued, Jewish nizes that those who devote their energies will go away. Practically and prag- children or continuing tradition. tradition has treated marriage "as the to educating children or adults, to caring matically, what that means is that Jewish It is crucial both for the Jewish com- parr iigm of completeness." They offered, for the aged, or otherwise engaging in communities continue to develop pro- munity as a whole, and for individuals and in response, an analysis of the components communal service, are contributing to the grams, organize synagogues, and structure groups within it, to recognize and of a "complete" life in Judaism: procrea- survival of Judaism. It would be a com- activities on the assumption that virtually acknowledge different forms of rela- tion, companionship, and avoidance of munity which not only acknowledges, but all members of the community are married tionships, and to provide ways in which a illicit sex; and suggested that the values celebrates, gay and lesbian relationships and living in traditional families. Syn- variety of relationships can be validated and goals inherent in those elements could among its members. And it would be a agogues which set memberships by and affirmed, so that all Jews can be be and in fact are being met in a variety of community whose institutions are struc- families, for example, and do not allow nurtured by the community, and so that relationships other than marriage. tured to integrate people with diverse single people to join, are, perhaps, an the community can be enriched by that One can love and nurture children and lifestlyes; for example, by organizing extreme example of such an approach — diversity. older adults, and make commitments to programming and activities around tasks unfortunately, still too common. What would such an approach mean, their growth and development, even if and interests rather than marital status. Other communities have responded practically and programmatically? they are not biologically "one's own." somewhat more flexibly, at least in form. Interestingly, the beginnings of such a People can achieve a sense of intimacy and The Price of Exclusion "Tolerance" of those who live in less rethinking can be found in the very companionship through a variety of dif- Some find any such imaginings fright- traditional structures characterizes the practices and institutions of the Havurah ferent relationships with friends and/or ening, fearing that articulating even those response of at least those elements of the movement, particularly in its early days. lovers. And honest and meaningful sexual alternatives which are already being lived Jewish community with which most read- Feminists may have criticized the institu- connections can certainly exist outside of will, somehow, "infect" others who would ers of this journal are familiar. Such an tion of the family, and pointed out its the traditional marriage context. otherwise find their way into traditional approach recognizes the existence of at limitations for women — both within and If we are truly to incorporate people families. A number of points must be made least some of those — e.g., singles, outside the family — but early havurot who are living their lives outside of in response. divorced, widowed, single parents — who however unconsciously, developed prac- traditionally-constructed nuclear families, First, life choices are not "infectious"; are not married, but assumes.that all wish tices which in fact provided some impor- we must recognize that the responsibility many find themselves in non-traditional to be and ought to be married. The typical tant alternative models. Thus, members for adapting to those differences falls not situations through circumstances beyond communal response to those labelled joined as individuals; single people were only on those who live differently, but on Continued on page 16 12 genesis 2 April 1984 Nisan 5744 Creating a New Paradigm By Sheila Peltz Weinberg to effect a successful transition to a new n her book God and the Rhetoric of stage of Judaism. The difference between Sexuality, Phyllis Trible sees messages this process and that experienced in the Ifor today in the ancient curse pro- transition from Biblical to Rabbinic nounced on man, woman and animal Judaism is that now we are engaged in a following the eating of the fruit of the self-conscious evolution of our Jewish Garden of Eden. The curse is alienation — civilization. not only between woman and man but One irony of history, particularly as it mirrored in human alienation from the accelerates along with accelerating tech- natural environment. This profound alien- nology, is that Judaism is making an effort ation is a source of grave danger to to absorb and respond not only to humanity. Seen in contemporary terms, it modernism, but to its post-modern cri- is the result of galloping human power. It tique. A major piece of that critique is is the other side of the same modernity feminism. that brought us the ethic of expanding Democratization in the form of granting democracy and human rights. Our techni- of equal rights to women has radical cal genius unleashed may have mastered implications. Those excluded from power the planet, but it has not brought harmo- come on the scene with a critique of the ny. past. Many women are not willing to Martha Ackelsberg, Paula Hyman, Denni Liebowitz, Drorah Setel In the year 1984 one can chornicle the accept the assumptions of the society that danger signals to life — from toxic wastes is, however tentatively, opening its arms to to nuclear super weaponry. The lifting of them. Moreover, the movement to grant More Than Just 'Ad God's curse is a necessity, not to bring us greater equality to women has coincided back to Eden's fairy tale, but to enable us with the appearance of serious danger Recently, four long-time Jewish feminist that he recognized that the feminist to survive as a species. signals that give all thinking beings pause activists gathered in Cambridge, MA. to challenge to Judaism will not go away, and This is one metaphor for the current concerning the assumptions of our socie- discuss their perceptions of the current it's going to be insufficient simply to throw search for a new paradigm, a new world ties. Clearly, the time is ripe for the state of the Jewish women's movement halacha at us. view. We are looking for a perspective that development of new perspectives on our for genesis 2. Paula Hyman, co-author of Hyman: That was David Novak, an will help us to release ourselves from world. The Jewish Woman in America and Dean extremely right-wing Conservative rabbi. alienation, strife and the physical and of Admissions at the Jewish Theological Instead of seeing feminism as a fad, which spiritual toxins they bring. The raising of A New Model Seminary; feminist theologian Drorah was the response of much of the leader- the image and reality of women is a Let us now sketch some of the compo- Setel;political scientist and women's stud- ship of the community in the first half a symbol, a cornerstone, a cutting edge of nents of the emerging world view that is ies scholar Martha Ackelsberg; and Denni dozen years, there is a recognition now the paradigm shift. Women sharing power consistent with feminism and planetary Liebowitz of Havurat Shalom explored a that feminism is not going to go away and and possibilities with men challenges to survival; elements that we can fuse with variety of topics, from changing liturgical therefore even if we can't fulfill all of the the core all the fundamental relationships Jewish content and community. language to the role of Jewish women in demands of Jewish feminists still we have and values within our world view. This 1. The Search for Wholeness and Integra- the mainstream women's movement. to look seriously at the questions that challenge has profound implications for tion What follows is an excerpt from that they're raising. My sense is that the Jewish Judaism in the modern world. This is an affirmation of the inter- wide-ranging and provocative discussion. community is now aware of feminism. relatedness of body and mind without But I don't think they understand the Images from the Past establishing hierarchies between them. et's start with the basics. Ezrat deeper, more complex issues that we have The gender hierarchy assumptions of This entails an affirmation of the "other." Nashim, the original Jewish in the community. I would certainly say the past are part of our present. They must It occurs in many ways. Society must Lfeminist collective, was born over that as I look at the Seminary, for example, be transformed if we expect to survive as affirm the outsider, the woman, the a decade ago, with Martha and Paula as which just decided to admit women to whole Jewish human beings. It may be minority, the disabled. Women and other two of the founding members. What has Rabbinical school for the first time. For helpful to review the position of women in "others" affirm their own power which been accomplished in the Jewish com- most people at the Seminary that was a past eras of Jewish history. they have never acknowledged to them- munity by feminists in that period of painful decision that's now done with and so In the Biblical period women were selves. The traditional male power group time? [they] can go on to the really important valued primarily as childbearers, hopeful- affirms the female, the yielding, the things that the Jewish community has to ly of male heirs. Their economic and social feeling, whatever part of themselves they Hyman: I think we've accomplished a lot worry about. It will raise no implications in the last ten years. We articulated an others than that we are allowing these agenda, first of all, parts of which we have talented women to come in and take their accomplished. Even the articulation of the place as leaders with, the Iewish caavrrvuivv- agenda itself was important in getting the ty. But the idea that this is the beginning, In the process of bringing in the female, we community to look at the issues seriously. that now not only are we serving a We've made a lot of progress on issues of different population, but that women stu- develop a greater openness to all "others." equal access. We now have women's study dents might bring new insights, have dif- We learn to makepeace with the alienated taken seriously, we have women serving ferent needs from men, hasn't been realized. in the rabbinate in the Reform and Ackelsberg: There's still a sense even parts of ourselves. Reconstructionist movements and we will within the havurah community that have Conservative women rabbis within feminism is somehow an outside force, a the next year. In a way, we've created a sort of external pressure which is confront- new social reality — we do have egalitari- ing the Jewish community. status was extremely low. They were have not been permitted to own fully. an religious communities where the equality Setel: The Jewish community is nowhere acquired in marriage, with no divorce Meanwhile, women are called upon to of men and women is taken for granted. near dealing with the real issues of rights. Yet they were not completely cut integrate the two poles of their experience. There's a generation of younger people community and family structure, about out of the ritual and spiritual life of the One pole is the traditional body experience who are growing up with this egalitarian- sexuality, about spirituality, about leader- community. They did ascend to the Holy identified with earth, mother, intuition ism as part of normative Judaism. ship. The fact that some people still say Temple in Jerusalem. Their offerings were and compassion. The other pole comes There was just a survey done by a friend 'feminism versus Judaism,' means that accepted. from the struggle for liberation and of mine which shows that in the last eight they're still seen as oppositional systems. I includes the consciousness of oppression, years the percentage in Conservative gave a talk recently in which I discussed The transition to Rabbinic Judaism the relationship between the basic premis- involved the establishment of new norms the fight for self-esteem and the exercise of congregations — and we're using Con- power, options, and responsibility. The servative Judaism because that's where the es of feminism and Judaism which com- instituted by a new class of men, namely, pletely stunned people. It's clear that we "the rabbis," self empowered to exercise Biblical God is pictured as both Creator change has been and it's the largest and Liberator; so must we all be created in denomination in the American Jewish need to start discussing it that way — to authority. We notice various improve- keep articulating how evident it is to us as ments over time in the economic and social Her image. community right now — in which a woman can have an aliyah (be called to the Jewish feminists that our concerns for position of women, particularly in mar- 2. Universal and Planetary; Particular and relationship and connection and unity are riage and divorce law. However, women Tribal Torah) or be counted in a minyan has more than doubled. of course very Jewish. are systematically excluded from the two We also integrate opposites by realizing Hyman: There was an article recently in fundamental access routes to divine favor the uniqueness of ourselves and all others our local Jewish newspaper in northern and group status, Torah learning and at the same time that we appreciate our What does the fact that so many concrete New Jersey about a women's tefila [prayer observance of commandments. common humanity. As Jews, we are demands have been met say — or not say service] that took place under Orthodox The Medieval period is influenced by chosen with all other peoples, each to — about the community as a whole's auspices, led by women who vigorously neo-Platonic, Aristotelian and Christian serve in our best way. We are not chosen understanding and acceptance of denied being feminists or interested in thought. Women are stereotyped as the from all other peoples, with special merit, feminism? equality. But there were some descriptions embodiment of materiality. Man repre- grace or privilege. This understanding of what was going on there that were sents the higher principle of form, spirit, asserts the possibility of reconciling one's Liebowitz: I'm concerned about really very moving. Many of these women spirituality versus woman's corporeality. Jewish soul/self with one's American post- marginality. It's a pretty confined group of who were very Orthodox and took tra- Judaism, unlike Christianity, never en- modern soul/self. peole that's developed Jewish feminism, dition very seriously had never seen a courages or even condones celibacy, nor 3. New Images of Power and while it's slowly, slowly sifting down, Torah scroll and cried when they had the adopts the extreme doctrinal positions The feminist critique of society is giving it seems important to approach it in a more opportunity. I think another problem is associating woman with sexuality, sin and rise to new ways to think about power. organized fashion, to plan for the dis- how we connect up with those women. I'm evil. However, there is no absence in the "Power with," not "power over," and a semination of the information we have to increasingly frustrated by women who mystical as well as legalistic traditions of "win-win" model of relations rather than a the Jewish community. clearly should be able to see their links portrayal of the female envisioned as a "win-lose" model indicate new attitudes Ackelsberg: I think that's starting to hap- with us, and for whatever reason can't see lower order relative to the male. toward authority which imply encourage- pen. The Council on Jewish Women Con- themselves as our sisters. ment of participation, shared goals, con- ference in October, which many of us Self-Conscious Evolution sensus. The new paradigm includes face- found disappointing and frustrating was, The modern age presents an ongoing to-face contact and commitment to com- it seems to me, the first time that a main- The question of outreach comes up in challenge to all tradition. A new set of munity. It means allowing space for stream women's organization that is not the other direction as well, in terms of ideals and beliefs are introduced which are participants. It manifests itself in new feminist tried to address feminist ques- the many Jewish women in the main- ethically compelling. Essentially, the mod- modes of organizing such as support tions. For all its frustrations, this was a stream feminist movement who are just ern Jew has three options: the first is to groups and networks rather than hier- tremendously important step. Earlier Jew- beginning to get in touch with their refuse to exit from the ghetto; the second is archies. ish women's conferences were generated Jewish identities. What type of rela- to keep walking and not look back; and the 4. Interdependence from within a more confined network — tionship should Jewish-identified third is to endeavor to integrate the Communication and transportation not exactly the women's community, but feminists have to that very positive challenge of the modern world and find a breakthroughs have created our global the left wing of the Jewish community. development? way to keep Judaism alive in a free society. village. We cannot help but be aware of I remember you telling me, Paula, that Most of the movements within Judaism, how everything relates and depends on someone at the [Jewish Theological] Semi- Liebowitz: Thinking in terms of connect- religious, political and cultural, are efforts Continued on page 16 nary was quoted as recently having said ing Jewish feminism with this Jewish genesis 2 April 1984 Nisan 5744 13 The Politics of Power By Ellen Umansky firm Waxman's assessment. While indicat- ver ten years ago, in a now classic ing that a significant number of women are article first published in Response, involved in Jewish communal organiza- ORachel Adler described the Jewish tions, it reveals that the vast majority woman as a "peripheral Jew." To be a remain in low professional levels, appear- peripheral Jew, she wrote, is to be ing to have "very limited access to top excluded from participating completely in executive and administrative positions." the community's religious life, to be Reasons often cited for excluding women "excused and sometimes barred from the from these positions include the supposed acts and symbols which are the lifeblood reluctance of women to travel and to work of the believing community." It is to be in the evenings, their lack of training in assigned roles that are separate but not management and business skills, and their equal and a status that is subordinate if not reluctance to take managerial jobs. Yet as inferior. In addition, it is to be "educated Naomi Levine, formerly the Executive and socialized toward a peripheral com- Director of the American Jewish Congress mitment." This, Adler thinks, "is what (and as such, the first woman to become happened to the Jewish woman." head of a major Jewish organization that Jewish feminism, as a perspective and as was not a separate women's group) has a movement, has sought and demanded noted, "these arguments are excuses to greater participation by women in the cover up a deep attitudinal reluctance to religious and organizational life of the see women in new roles." Id Women and Stir' American Jewish community. Within the While in the last five years, a number of past ten years, women have challenged major Jewish organizations have ex- groundswell in the mainstream women's kinds of choices people make in their their exclusion from the minyan and from pressed a desire to discover new strategies movement, the whole issue of whether or personal lives. [See Ackelsberg's article being called to the Torah, have demanded for improving the position of women, it not one is well educated as a Jew seems on page 11]. Clearly, that's a major item greater access to Jewish learning, including may take another decade before signifi- important. It's complicated, because those on the Jewish feminist agenda. Let's access to the rabbinate itself, and, pressing cant numbers of women attain positions of of us who haven't had the privilege of identify some of the other major pieces. for acceptance in cantorial schools, have communal leadership on the professional being Jewishly well-educated don't have argued for the right to lead congregations level. On the lay level, attaining positions access to a lot of information. Ackelsberg: Aside from the whole fami- in prayer. In addition, women have been of power may take even longer: first, Ackelsberg: One of my visions is that we ly/personal life-choices issue, the other big instrumental in writing new, egalitarian because access to these positions seems to need to found an institute, primarily but kicker is the liturgy, the way we're ketubot and new, egalitarian wedding be directly related to personal wealth not necessarily exclusively for women, conceptualizing God and what we're ceremonies, have helped create new ritu- (using the argument that an individual will where people who have knowledge can doing when we're praying. I think that's an als, from those celebrating the birth of a be a more efficient fundraiser if he/she is come and study, but also be available to issue for everyone in the community — it's daughter to those celebrating the new also a large contributor) and second, teach. People who are coming back to not just an issue for women. But it's an moon, and have worked at formulating because few of the women who have Judaism in some way could have a place to issue that we as women have a handle on new liturgies that explicitly include attained such positions seem to be learn about Shabbat, about holidays, to in a sense, because we can say there's a women as children of Israel and as human feminists and have shown little if any study — and do all of this together. whole range of our experience that just beings created in the image of God. interest in pressing for greater high level Setel: More immediately, what I fantasize doesn't appear in liturgical language. involvement of women within their or- about is that every women's center should Finally, women have begun to assume Setel: The really scary point is when you positions of organizational leadership, ganizations. be a place where Jewish feminists are say, what is the text; what is the tradition? offering classes. serving as synagogue presidents, leaders The Jewish Federation Council of [And then] you say I will not take as my of Jewish communal organizations and Greater Los Angeles recently completed a Liebowitz: What are some other concrete text something exclusive of female ex- members of important decision making study of women in Federation and Agency ways to make those connections? perience; I will not take that as my committees. It seems, then, that women — leadership roles. Concluding that a Ackelsberg: One of the things I feel good tradition My personal example is that I to return to Adler's image — have become woman's opportunity to move into top about is that there have been ore places cannot be in a community that will read less peripheral. It also seems that as leadership positions within the Federation than I imagined to do that. In North- Ezekiel 16 as a revelatory text. It's basically women's participation has increased, so was limited, they recommended "that the ampton last year on Purim, another a description of violence against a female has the commitment of many both to Federation, applying the same standards woman and I read the Megillah and led the figure, and that for me boils down to a very Judaism and to the Jewish community. to women and men, make a serious and service. The Jewish women from the practical question of will this text be read feminist community showed up in shul. as text in the community... - • - For marvy of those \wonven, it was the first Hyman: Yes, that can be threatening for time they'd been to services in ten or some people. I've used the term "women's fifteen years. midrash," and I thought it was fairly clear We still need to ask to what extent women that it meant that women were going to Many of the questions we face parallel grapple with the texts; that we would read have assumed central roles in Jewish life. issues faced by the broader feminist the texts differently from men and that this movement. For example, as women would be an enriching experience, and The question is not just one of access but make gains in various walks of life, the also something that we could use not only question of how much we're changing for ourselves but also offer the entire acceptance. the system and how much the system is community. I must say that I succeeded in changing us inevitably comes up. And explaining this to my ten-year-old daugh- there's another related question — how ter. I said, do you know what midrash is? much can we expect simply the presence She said, "I think so," and then I explained sustained effort to involve greater of women to change the lay of the land Outside the Synagogue it. And I said, "Who wrote midrashT and Yet despite these advances, one still numbers of women in leadership roles and in a particular situation? Talk about she said, "Men." I said, "Right!" She committee chair positions." While impor- those issues in terms of the Jewish needs to ask whether women have as- understood immediately. But when I've sumed central roles within Jewish life or tant changes may occur in Los Angeles as a community, perhaps using the rabbinate tried it out on colleagues at the seminary, it result of this study, other Jewish com- as an example. whether, to some extent, they remain on is not intuitively obvious to them that we the outside: peripheral both by nature and munities have barely begun to have anything to add. Again it's that by opportunity. Indeed, recent studies of acknowledge women's exclusion and have Hyman: While I've been thrilled to sit on whole question of a living, vibrant, de- women's growing access to power has not done little, if anything, to include women rabbinical school admissions and to inter- veloping tradition — that it's not over. And been entirely encouraging. Though in lay positions of influence and power. view articulate, talented women who will it can never be over. What we're talking women have made great strides towards make wonderful rabbis, I've been frus- about is the ability to develop Jewishly on achieving equality in the synagogue, Beyond Entry Level trated to see that these women at this point the basis of our own experience, which to outside of synagogue life, i.e., within me is very exciting. The question for me Certainly, much has occurred in the last in their careers haven't really thought Jewish national and communal organiza- ten years that has given Jewish feminists about the implications of women coming has always been how is that going to relate tions, power remains overwhelmingly in back to the rest of Judaism which we have cause for celebration. Perhaps most impor- into the rabbinate. They see the doors the hands of men and shows little sign of tant, and most challenging, has been the open for them and the opportunity to inherited. And that of course is what's improvement. To some extent, then, threatening to people, because to say that ordination of women as rabbis within the serve as rabbis, but of all the women I women are still peripheral Jews. Reform and Reconstructionist movements interviewed only one had given the you're going to build your Judaism solely on your own personal experience means In 1980, Chaim Waxman published an and the recent decision, within the Con- slightest thought to how being a women essay that focuses upon the impact of servative movement, to admit women into would make her different as a rabbi, or to that you're cutting all of that connected- ness off. But I think we have the other side feminism on American Jewish communal the rabbinical program of the Jewish what women would bring into the rab- of that now — we pay grudging attention institutions. His findings revealed that Theological Seminary of America. It is binate which might make the style of to the way we live our lives now, and throughout the 1970s, there was little unclear, however, whether ordained leadership — which isn't a deep theologi- instead we have these models and texts increase in the number of women serving women successfully can advance beyond cal question — different by virtue of the that come out of a different world. I think as chief executive officers of Jewish entry level positions. Women, it seems, are leader being a woman. That's very disap- you have to have both. organizations. In fact, he discovered, the increasingly being accepted as junior pointing and frustrating to me. only "category" of organizations in which rabbis and as solo rabbis of small con- On the other hand, the seminary is significantly more women served as chief gregations. Yet even supporters of going to be so shaken up by the fact that Ackelsberg: And in fact it seems to me executive officers in 1979 than in 1969 was women's ordination (including a number next year's entering rabbinical class is that what we're talking about is not that of community relations, where in of female rabbis themselves) question going to be fifty percent female. It will throwing tradition out the window. What 1979, there were 29.1% (7 out of 24) as whether in the next ten or twenty years change what goes on in the classroom. It we're coming up with, even though we're opposed to 1969 where there virtually those serving as senior rabbis of large will change the interaction of faculty with saying we need to do stuff that's based on were none. Reform and Conservative congregations students. There's bound to be a stray our own experience, is rooted in tradition, Moreover, he noted, "even within this will come to include women. feminist or two who will try to organize because we're rooted in it. And that's category, we find that there was a greater The question, then, is not only one of something. And then what happens when something a lot of people in the communi- increase in the percentage of women chief access. It is also one of acceptance — congregants see women in leadership ty don't necessarily see or feel [about what executive officers between 1969 and 1973, whether as rabbi, synagogue president, or positions? Even if people aren't ready for it we're doing]. before the feminist movement could have member of the minyan. It may well be that in their gut, it forces them to look at We're saying more than that you just had any great impact, than 1973 and 1979." greater acceptance, undoubtedly facili- leadership differently. It raises so many 'add women and stir.' We're talking about As a result of these findings, Waxman tated by changing secular attitudes con- issues that could have been filtered out transforming tradition, and transforming it concluded that "when viewed from the cerning women's "proper" role and status, before. means on some level taking it power perspective, it appears that the will bring about great access, that the seriously. O impact of feminism upon Jewish com- synagogue president, for example, may Martha has written extensively on the munal organizations has been negligible to receive an aliyah and the woman included need for the Jewish community to virtually nil." in the minyan soon asked to lead the respond creatively to changing family A 1981 survey on the status of women in congregation in prayer. structures and learn to validate the Jewish communal services seems to con- Continued on page 14 14 genesis 2, April 1984 Nisan 5744 Jewsin the Women's Movement: Next Steps

By Ellen Stone makes it impossible to envision and create under the first stress, we must first anti-Semitism, but to confront that he story of anti-Semitism in the a society that is truly liberated, truly just, acknowledge and understand the very real heritage and claim it for ourselves. For women's movement is one of truly welcoming to all members. Because it differences among us." Certainly she is those of us whose alienation from Jewish Tsmoldering anger and emerging is particularly complex and easily mis- right, and the women's movement as a life has meant a lack of information, it's pride. The anger is justified, because the understood, because it infects both right whole should not back off from looking at time to learn about it. For those who have anti-Semitism is real. The over-riding and left on the political spectrum, and, those differences, be they in age, race, the knowledge many of us lack, it's time to reason for its existence is simply that the most of all, because its very function in any religious conviction, class background — share it. For all the women who are part of women's movement emerged out of a oppressive system is to set Jews up as the list is long and rich. But, as Beck says, the groundswell of Jewish consciousness world in which anti-Semitism is endemic; scapegoats so the real causes of oppression the ultimate goal of such an emphasis is in the women's movement, it's time to the women in the movement, Jew and aren't addressed, anti-Semitism is often unity — not the kind of homogenized false show ourselves with pride as members of a gentile alike, grew up in that world and the wound allowed to fester while other unity that denies the differences in our people we belong to fully — a community cannot be expected to have escaped its wounds are given the attention they need experience and needs, but one whose we may criticize constructively, but which, conditioning. In a recent address to the to heal. model is, perhaps, a patchwork quilt: a nevertheless, is ours. National Women's Studies Association, whole whose harmony is made stronger One of the insidious qualities of op- Evelyn Torton Beck listed fifteen forms in If one believes, as I do, that feminism is by the distinctiveness of its many ele- pression is its ability to make people forget which anti-Semitism has appeared in the among the most progressive forces in the ments. who they are. Even as we battle our feminist community. Without exception, world today, that it will be a major factor What does this mean for Jewish women mistreatment, we allow ourselves to be each of them reflected some manifestation in any positive transformation in the way in the movement? While we continue to defined by it, forgetting what we know of anti-Semitism in society at large. we live and how society is organized, then expose and work against anti-Semitism beyond the struggle. The patchwork quilt Counting oneself as part of a liberation to begin to cleanse it now of anti-Semitism whenever necessary, we also need to take model of non-homogeneous unity can movement, even a movement claiming, is crucial. If feminism is for all women, for a step beyond reaction and make it known only work if groups trying to come quite rightfully, to have the capability of all people, then it must be for Jewish loudly and clearly that there is more to together can remember what they know, transforming old, oppressive ways of women, for our people. And it must be for being Jewish than simply fighting the what unique visions they can offer to each thinking and offer new visions to all us unequivocably, with no excuses. If not, attacks against us. The heritage we're other and the whole. And if we all people, does not mean automatically then any vision of the future it constructs embracing — whether we're connecting remember that each culture is unique, with shutting the door on life-long prejudices. will betray itself by carrying on the very with it for the first time, reconnecting after strengths to share as well as scars that So, in a real sense, fighting anti- evils it claims to eradicate. And Jews, once a time of alienation, or continuing a strong must be healed. As Jewish women, we can Semitism in the women's movement is one again, will have no place to call home. Jewish identification in the context of the look forward to sharing more and more of legitimate way of fighting our oppression But there is another chapter to this story. women's movement — is not simply one who we are within the women's move- in the world at large. But, because of the of oppression. It is based on a tradition and ment. It will not be an easy process. But it transforming nature of feminist practice What has begun in anger as a sort of tearing off of the covering that's hidden a world-view that has given us, as will bring us closer to our people, and philosophy, it means more than that. individuals and collectively, values and ourselves, and the kind of world we're Liberation movements throughout history our oppression from view needs to con- tinue on toward a new stage. The first step strengths that have not only contributed to working for. <• have suffered because they refused to look liberation efforts throughout history, but at the prejudices within their own ranks. in fighting any systematic mistreatment is to make it visible. In Beck's words, "I am which, simply, have a great deal to say Movements betray themselves because the about living humanly. social conditioning of their members convinced that in order to forge a unity Ellen Stone is Executive Editor of that is not illusory and will not splinter The challenge is not only to stave off genesis 2.

word of another — not necessarily a Israeli Women Fight Bade Against Rape witness of the crime, but someone who could provide corroborating evidence of By Cindy Kaye her physical and/or mental condition soon n view of a dramatic national increase According to feminist groups, rape is a legal advice, and volunteers accompany after the rape, she explained. Without this in rape and sexual attacks the past few societal problem which will change only if rape victims during medical and legal substantiating evidence, the case would be Iyears, the Israeli army recently rec- people are aware enough to change it. proceedings, often acting as liaisons with thrown out of court. ommended that Israelis stop hitchhiking "Awareness is prevention" is their catch police. After a two-year fight in the Knesset, in because of the added risk it poses. phrase. Since it reopened, the crisis center has which Shapira-Libai and Knesset Member The warning is the latest effort in Israel Toward this end, the army has instituted received 1,000 calls from assaulted, bat- Aloni played a major role, a law was to attempt to deal with this escalating an educational program in cooperation tered and raped victims, as well as from passed which invalidated this previous problem. Earlier, for example, a women's with Israel's rape crisis centers to inform callers requesting general information. law and which provides that the rape group issued "safety pointers" about women soldiers about rape. "Even one It is the center's policy to advise rape victim's testimony is sufficient evidence hitchhiking, sponsored self-defense rape is too many as far as the army is victims to press charges, though the that the rape occurred. "It was a very classes and held lectures on rape, and in concerned," declared Amira Dotan, head volunteers are taught never to pressure the difficult, prolonged, but important fight," recent years, rape crisis centers have officer of the Women's Corps. caller to do so. Rather, volunteers stress Shapira-Libai noted. "The passage of this opened to aid rape victims. The program includes lectures and the importance of punishing rapists and law," she added, "was a big step forward Noted Janet Goldstein, a social worker discussions every three months. As well, raising public consciousness about the real for women." and volunteer at a rape crisis center in Dotan prepared a brochure which de- scope of rape and sexual assault. But Shapira-Libai noted that several Jerusalem, "There is a myth in Israel that lineates safety pointers through key Two other rape crisis centers, which are laws which she called "inherently unfair problems of crime and rape do not exist... phrases. staffed by volunteers and funded largely to the victim" have not yet been reformed because Jews do not do things like that." In addition, all soldiers pay reduced through private contributions, exist in or even come up in the Knesset. For exam- But in reality, suppositions of this nature rates on public transportation in order to Israel. A center in Jerusalem has been in ple, she said there is no limitation on in- are exactly that — myths. reduce the incidence of hitchhiking. It is operation since May 1982, and one in terrogation in court concerning the vic- According to police records, 1,800 rapes believed that a large percentage of assaults Haifa opened nearly four years ago. tim's past or present sex life, though the and violent and non-violent sexual attacks occur while women are hitchhiking, and relevance of this line of questioning, she were reported in 1982 and in each of the are caught defenseless while trapped in 30 Percent Convicted said, is often unclear and unnecessary; two subsequent years — double those strangers' cars. On average, 50 percent to 60 percent of and if a rape victim becomes pregnant she reported in 1978. However, the number of Another proposal yet to be implemented the rapists are arrested; of those arrested, must first seek permission to abort from a assaults may be as high as 10,000 to 13,000 by the army is the distribution of tear gas according to the latest official statistics special committee. Because abortions are per year, since it is estimated that only ten aerosols to women soldiers for self- available in 1980, only 30 percent of those illegal in Israel unless approved by this percent to 20 percent of all sexual assaults defense. This measure will be tested first brought to trial were convicted. standing committee, rape victims are not are reported by the victims. by a control group over a three-month Bringing a rape case to court, especially automatically granted permission. period. prior to last year, was in itself a feat. As Dr. And, as in the U.S., fear of the grueling Changing Existing Laws In a similar non-governmental effort, a Nitza Shapira-Libai, advisor to the Prime treatment they may receive during court Faced with the severity of this crime, splinter group of the feminist movement Minister on the Status of Women Affairs proceedings keeps many rape victims from there also is an effort underway in Israel to called Women Against Violence Against during the Begin administration, ex- reporting the incidents and pressing change the existing laws regarding rape. Women recently introduced "safety plained, "Until 1980, convictions based on charges. 0 For one, Shulamit Aloni, a member of the cards," featuring pointers about hitchhik- the evidence of one witness could be made Knesset, recently proposed altering the ing. They include: "Trust your instincts," in all cases under the law except in cases of official definition of rape to that of "sexual "Never ride with a man who asks where rape, false testimony decisions and testi- A slightly longer version of this article attack." Under existing law, rape is defined you are going first or who is willing to monies of minors." 'appeared in the Long Island Jewish as "vaginal penetration." change his route for you," and "Never With respect to rape, the victim's word World, from which it is reprinted by The term of imprisonment is determined hitch at night." alone was not enough. Her testimony had permission. by the age of the victim, relation to the This group and others also over the last to be backed by bruises, torn clothes or the victim, the presence of a weapon, as well few years have sponsored lectures and as the method of intercourse involved. The panel discussions at army centers and maximum sentence is 14 years. schools, have prepared and distributed synagogue itself. One might argue that the But feminist leader Rina Ben-Zvi, films and posters, and have organized self- Power American Jewish community has been coordinator of the Tel Aviv Rape Crisis defense classes. Women Against Violence willing to afford women greater participa- Center, complained, "Rape in Israel is is currently working on a television Continued from page 13 tion within the synagogue service because considered a severe enough problem to announcement in cooperation with the Yet until growing access within the worship is not an area of major concern. make convictions, but criminals don't get Hebrew University Communications De- synagogue is matched by growing access On the other hand, areas outside of the maximum sentences." Average terms are partment and the rape crisis centers. to positions of power within Jewish the synagogue that are of central concern four to six years. The first crisis center was formed in 1978 communal life, women will remain "per- — including fundraising — are those in Agreeing with Aloni's attempt to alter in Tel Aviv by a small group of feminists ipheral Jews." While the assumption of which women still have little access to the official definition of rape, Super- led by Esther Eilam, a feminist leader, new religious roles by women indicates a positions of influence and power. Inroads intendent of Police Ella Kahan said, sociologist and counselor. Short on funds, new sensitivity to women's spiritual needs have been made. Yet it may take a while "Rapists are not punished correctly. however, the group was forced to close and aspirations, it may also indicate a before women come to play a leading role Sentences should be harsher — the mental after ten months. growing disinterest by the American Jew- in every aspect of the religious and and emotional anguish which the victim ish community in religious life as a whole. communal life of American Jewry. Until In April 1980, after increased planning The acceptance of women in the minyan, then, many women may continue to feel experiences is terrible; the severity of the and fundraising from private contributors act is no less potent if 'unusual means' are for example, may reveal less of a commit- that as Jews they indeed are peripheral. and the Israel Discount Bank, the Tel Aviv ment to women's equality than an ad- used. Sometimes the opposite is true and Rape Crisis Center reopened. Available to 0 the act is even more repulsive and yet the mission that women being counted in a callers around the clock, the Center's minyan is inconsequential to a community terms in prison vary so greatly." hotline provides victims with "first aid." Ellen Umansky, the author of many that has already absented itself from daily articles on the role of women in "We listen to the victim. That's one of prayer. Women's growing power in the Preventing the Crime the most important forms of support we Judaism, is Assistant Professor of synagogue, in other words, may only Religion at Emory University in Atlan- The latest efforts concentrate on trying can provide," explained Ben-Zvi. indicate a loss of power within the to prevent the crime in the first place. Besides listening, the center provides ta, GA. genesis 2 April 1984 Nisan5744 15

guided to turn to civil courts in these matters. "It's an internal Jewish problem. Grappling with Divorce and Jewish Law The place to solve rabbinical problems is with rabbis," he says. He is also critical of those whom he considers to be using the By Steven Feldman issue. "It's a women's liberation problem ew matters in life are as complex and that has been fanned. Jewish law is not full painful as divorce. The concerns of oppression or craziness as many people F may be even more complicated if would have it. The problem of an agunah one is an observant Jew, committed to is serious, but it should not be looked upon obtaining a divorce that is recognized by as a male versus female problem." halacha (Jewish law). Recently, a signifi- For the two other branches of American cant portion of the Jewish community — Judaism, the get problem raises different including scholars, lawyers and feminists issues. "Rather than trying to find a Jewish — has been grappling with the issue of legal loophole or a secular legal loophole, halachic divorce. And, while the matter it has to be faced directly. The traditional may seem obscure to those outside of get is regressive, repressive, and unethical. traditional circles, for many observant It clearly has to be changed," says Rebecca women the issue of the get — the halachic Alpert, Dean of Students at the Re- bill of divorce — is of central importance. constructionist Rabbinical College. Re- Halacha views the giving of a get as constructionist rabbis have made available indeed it views marriage itself, as a to women the option of initiating Jewish personal act between a man and a woman, divorce proceedings. They have also re- with the courts or civil governments vised the text of the get to make it more playing no role in effecting either the egalitarian. Rabbi Joy Levitt, who has a divorce or the marriage. This means that Reconstructionist congregation in no government, court of law or even rabbi Montclair, N.J., says, "Some Reconstruc- can wed a couple; a halachic marriage tionists don't think a Jewish divorce is takes place when the man places a ring on necessary, but I require it because it's no the woman's finger and declares his longer unequal." Similarly, she doesn't see intention to marry her, and through their the need for pre-nuptial agreements be- subsequent cohabitation. What it also cause nothing prevents either party from means is that a married couple cannot be giving a get. declared by any government, court of law For Reform Jews, questions regarding a or rabbi to be halachically divorced. What get do not even come up. "Historically, is needed is for the husband to reverse the Reform Judaism did away with Jewish marriage procedure by having a get drawn divorce, deeming it a civil procedure," up, giving it to his wife before two At any rate, people familiar with the Publication Society), who has long been explains Rabbi Sanford Seltzer, the witnesses and declaring her to be divorced issue say that it is the man who is wrestling with questions of sexual ine- Brookline, MA -based Director of Research from him. The Biblical source for this recalcitrant in three-quarters of the cases. quality in halacha from an Orthodox for the Union of American Hebrew method of divorce, and the justification for Overall, it has been estimated that there viewpoint, says of the bill, "It's just an Congregations-. Some Reform rabbis, how- the man initiating the entire proceeding, is are 15,000 Jewish women in New York interim solution. I welcomed it as such. It's ever, have been calling for a reinstitution the statement in Deutoronomy: "He shall State alone who are civilly divorced but a move past the hand-wringing stage. But of a get procedure, while others favor write her a writ of divorce and put it in her who are unable to obtain a get. it doesn't solve the problem for women some other type of divorce ritual. "Those hand and send her on her way" outside of New York. We don't have to rabbis feel that since the synagogue is the (emphasis added). Legislative Solutions take our halachic imbalances to civil place for weddings, it should also be the It was out of a desire to thwart such courts. We need better halachic solutions." place for the divorce," Rabbi Seltzer says. Failure to obtain a proper Jewish divorce She has suggested in cases of blackmail or leads to severe consequences for the recalcitrant spouses that a law was in- He too opposes efforts such as a get bill. troduced in the New York Legislature last with an agunah that the woman be halachically observant woman. Because a empowered to authorize and deliver a get. woman is not permitted more than one year. Popularly known as "the get bill," Grassroots Efforts the law, signed by Governor Mario Cuomo "I'm not in favor of changing halachot, but spouse, should she wish to remarry when there is a real hardship, then we The problems associated with obtaining without a get from her first husband she last fall, states that anyone seeking a civil a get have stimulated more than rabbinic divorce must remove all barriers to the have to reformulate the notion of a man would be unable to do so, being consid- taking a woman in marriage." attempts to improve the situation. At the ered still married. Any subsequent remarriage of his or her spouse. Though community level, people have been or- cohabitation with another man is deemed there is no explicit reference to Jewish or ganizing to correct inequities and to try to adulterous and any futuie offspring would any other religious divorce procedure, the Pre-Nuptial Agreements head off bitter battles over a get. One be classified as mamzerim, or bastards bill was clearly meant to help those people There is clearly more sensitivity now prominent grassroots group is Getting (themselves forbidden to marry anyone who have had difficulty obtaining a get. than there was in the past to the plight of Equitable Treatment (G.E.T.), which began except other mamzerim). The conse- Most of the lobbying for the bill came from women experiencing difficulty in obtain- in the fall of 1979 among some members of quences are less severe for the husband. Orthodox rabbis and Orthodox rabbinical ing a religious divorce. New efforts are the Young Israel of Flatbush. Gloria Should he remarry without granting his Greenman, the founder and first president, first wife a get, he will have violated the recalls how the group came to be founded. relatively late (medieval) rabbinic ban on There are 15,000 Jewish women who are civilly "We were commiserating over a friend's polygamy, but, following Biblical prece- divorced but who are unable to obtain a religious daughter (who had been unable to obtain dent (which permits a man to have more a get), and I just said, 'Let's stop talking, than one wife), his second marriage is divorce from their husbands. let's do something.'" nonetheless binding and causes no del- The main thrust of the group was and eterious effects for his subsequent off- organizations. And, interestingly, much of underway to insure that in many cases the still is to have a couple go to a Beth Din for spring. the opposition was provided by the woman need not end up in the civil courts adjudication of their divorce. G.E.T. has American Jewish Congress and the Reform to pressure her husband for a get. Of this 400 paid members, and while most are Recalcitrant Husbands movement's Union of American Hebrew new awareness, Arlene Agus, a founding Orthodox, Greenman emphasizes that the The dynamics of halachic divorce pre- Congregations, who felt the bill to be an member of the Jewish feminist group Ezrat group serves all Jews, from the non- sent many problems. Perhaps the most issue of separation of church and state. Nashim and currently the Director of religious to the very Orthodox. "We don't acute is the problem of a man who The law is now being appealed. External Affairs at Yeshiva University's think of ourselves as an Orthodox or- disappears (usually in war) without any Whether the get bill will actually do Cardozo Law School, says, "It has ganization. We want people to have a get witnesses available to testify to his death. much good is open to question. Lawyer motivated Jewish courts to look over their that will be accepted universally. That In halacha, unlike common law, there is no and Orthodox rabbi Irwin Haut, the author more progressive shoulder." means it has to be an Orthodox get." presumption of death from absence. Such of Divorce in Jewish Law and Life (Sepher- Among Orthodox rabbis, there is grow- Leila Karlin, the Executive Director of a man's wife is an agunah (literally, Hermon Press), points out that the law ing favor toward the use of pre-nuptial G.E.T., says a "good percentage" of the "anchored woman"), unable to remarry. only affects the plaintiff — the person agreements, in which both parries would cases they handle have been settled. For The problem of agunot was at its most seeking the civil divorce. That is, if agree to participate in a get procedure those cases where the talking process has severe after the Holocaust, when even the someone asks for a civil divorce, he or she should either of them seek a civil divorce. failed to lead to a get, the organization is most ultra-Orthodox rabbis went to ex- cannot at the same time prevent the other Marc Stern, Assistant Director of the prepared to exert pressure on the re- traordinary lengths (such as accepting the party from remarrying by opting out of a American Jewish Congress' Legal Depart- calcitrant spouse. Such pressure includes, testimony of relatives or of non-Jews) to religious divorce. "But usually the party ment, who worked against New York's get in the case of a man, barring him from permit women to marry again after the seeking the divorce is not the one who is bill partly because, "This rush to legis- synagogue honors and functions and war. refusing the get," Haut says. "The bill may lation will deflect from dealing with the economic pressure. G.E.T. is also prepared More common today is the problem of be questionable constitutionally anyway problem within the Jewish community," to publish the name of the uncooperative the recalcitrant spouse who either refuses (on church/state grounds). It would clearly says he favors the use of pre-nuptial party in the Anglo-Jewish press, though it to give or to accept a get. There are also be unconstitutional if it tried to force the agreements. "There the parties consent; has never had to go that far. instances of one spouse using the need for defendant to give a get [when] he doesn't with the get bill, the state coerces." Greenman sees positive changes taking a get to extort huge sums of money from want a divorce or a get." The Conservative movement began to place. "Four years ago, my rabbi came to the other or to blackmail the other spouse There are attempts to pass similar address the issue 30 years ago when it my house and said, 'Forget about changing with regard to child custody. legislation in Connecticut, New Jersey, introduced a modification to the tradition- the halacha.' But we've had an indirect Although it is the husband who must California, Maryland, and possibly Illinois al ketubah (the document that a man gives effect. The rabbis have felt the need more initiate proceedings, the wife's consent is in the near future. There are no serious his wife at their wedding which stipulates than ever before to do something." She needed as well. A medieval takkannah — efforts underway in Massachusetts as of the monetary support he will give her adds, "It's snowballing, there's activity. rabbinic decree — forbade the divorcing of yet. Rabbi Meyer Horowitz, Director of the during their marriage or in the event of Four years ago you wouldn't have called." a woman against her will, though here New England Chassidic Center and son of their divorce). The modification stated that The near future should see further again the situation is more difficult for the the Bostoner Rebbe (who serves on the both parties would accept as binding the discussion and change in the field of woman than for the man. Whereas the Presidium of Agudath Israel, one of the decision of a Conservative Beth Din Jewish divorce. Many of the important woman can only try to exert pressure on a Orthodox groups that lobbied for the get (rabbinic court) in questions relating to any changes will no doubt come at the reluctant husband to give her a get, the bill in New York), would like to see future divorce. The enforceability of such a grassroots, community level. Perhaps even man, if his wife refuses to accept a get, or if Massachusetts pass a comparable law. "All clause in civil courts was recently upheld more important in the long run will be she becomes mentally incompetent to do we're saying in the bill is if one partner by the New York Court of Appeals in changes brought about within halacha so, or if she disappears, can petition one feels deprived of their right to remarry, the Avitzur v. Avitzur. But that particular case regarding marriages and divorces. As Blu hundred rabbis to allow him to remarry. It courts will be cognizant of that fact," he is still not settled. "You can win in court Greenberg put it, "The issue is to solve the is important to remember that in so doing says. "Just like courts recognize religious and not get a get," points out Rabbi problems of halacha not in the civil courts the hundred rabbis in no way effectuate a marriage, it should work the other way, Edward Gershfield, a conservative rabbi but under the canopy of halacha." £ divorce, nor do they annul the marriage — too (regarding religious divorce)." and faculty member at the Jewish Theolog- they merely exempt the husband from the ical Seminary who deals with divorce G.E.T. can be contacted at Box 131, Others who favor the bill think that it Brooklyn, NY 11230— or (212) 951-6574. rabbinic ban on polygamy. • But they does not address the main issue. Blu cases. "Mrs. Avitzur still doesn't have a cannot do the same for a woman in similar Greenberg, author of On Women and get." Steven Feldman is Assistant Editor of circumstances. Judaism: The View from Tradition (Jewish Rabbi Gershfield, too, thinks it mis- genesis 2. 16 genesis 2 April 1984 Nisan 5744

jority of current enrollees are from Reform Kosher Snacks and Sabbath Rituals or Conservative Jewish families. Fees are approximately $475 per month, depending By Cathy Raab on the age of the child, and the schedule ne way for the Jewish community for care, with an additional requirement to support women in the work that families must become members of the Oforce and begin responding to the JCC at $350 per year. Partial scholarships changing needs and structures of families are available to 20% of the children based is to fund and develop day care programs. upon family income. The JCC does not Parents in the Boston area wishing to send provide transportation to and from the their toddlers and pre-school-age children center. The program stresses the impor- to Jewish day care centers have a variety of tance of parent-staff communication. options open to them. Programs run the gamut from Reform to ultra-Orthodox The response to a question posed to day with varying degrees of focus upon care directors concerning the adequacy of "Jewishness." All serve kosher snacks to the programs already available varied children, and observe and teach Sabbath greatly. Many perceived a need for more rituals and prayers and Jewish culture and Jewish day care centers in the Boston area, tradition. although others felt that these needs are presently being met. At any rate, parents The majority of Jewish-run child day interested in Jewish day care should begin care in the Boston area takes place in their investigations in advance, since most nursery schools connected with temples or centers have waiting lists and enrollment Jewish Community Centers. These pro- opportunities are limited. 0 grams are generally for pre-school age children. Most are half-day programs with The following is a partial listing of options extended hours available. They are open for Jewish day care in the Boston area; for ten months in a year with summer Children at New England Hebrew Academy's extended day program. space prohibits us from listing all of the camp programs during July and August. quality part-time programs available. Several of the programs surveyed by own family lives. For example, if children than-average program fee. Some scholar- Full-time day Care genesis 2 are planning on expanding in are celebrating Shabbat outside their ships based upon need are available, the near future. homes, non-observant parents are more although some centers are unable to Yal Day New Day Care Center, Inc. Surprisingly, the families who have likely to become aware of any inconsisten- acommodate these needs. 82 Green St., Brookline enrolled their children in either of the full- cy within their own home environment, Only two full-time day care programs 232-6019 time programs are in the overwhelming and the children themselves may express a exist in the greater Boston Jewish com- Jewish Community Center Day Care majority not single-parent households. In desire for change. Day care centers supple- munity. The Yal Day New Day Care fact, the majority of children enrolled in ment a child's pre-school education, in- 333 Nahanton St., Newton Center in Newton has been open for 4 965-7410 any of the programs surveyed by genesis troducing children to a Jewish environ- years and admits children of any nationali- 2 come from two-parent households. This ment and culture, and in some cases ty or religion, although the majority of the Nursery Schools with Extended Day may be largely due to the fact that Jewish Hebrew, at a young age. When parents are children are Jewish with 40% from Or- Programs day care services presently available are satisfied with the care their children have thodox families. There are currently 28 generally high priced, and therefore more received in Jewish programs, there is a children enrolled at Yal Day New ranging New England Hebrew Academy difficult for a single-parent, one-income greater chance they will seek further in age from three months to four years. (Lubavitch Yeshiva) household to afford. It may also be due to Jewish education for their children as they The center, open year-round, is an inde- 9 Prescott St., Brookline the organized community's orientation grow older. Added to these features are the pendent grass-roots organization, current- 731-5330 toward the traditional nuclear family, general advantages of quality day care, ly seeking funding from the organized Gan Torah which may make single parents less likely including, most importantly, provision of a community. Fees range from $230 — $520 1611 Beacon St., Brookline to seek support there, and more likely to safe, constructive social environment in per month, depending upon the age of the 738-0344 look for day care programs in the secular which children can play and learn while child and the hours for which he/she is community. their parents work. enrolled. There is also a $75 non-refun- Jewish Community Center There are many advantages to having dable application fee. At present, Yal Day 50 Sutherland Rd., Brookline There are disadvantages associated with 734-0800 day care programs available to families in enrolling children in a Jewish day care New does not have any scholarships the Jewish community. For many parents, center. Jewish centers are generally closed available. Temple Beth Shalom the centers serve as a way to become more for both Jewish and national holidays, and The day care center at the Jewish Highland Avenue, Needham involved in communal life. As well, having early on Fridays. Therefore, parents must Community Center in Newton is in its first 449-3016 their children enrolled in day care pro- arrange for supplementary care for their season, serving 23 children between the grams often serves as a catalyst to children, and incur the ensuing costs, ages of two and five. Children of any Cathy Raab is a freelance writer living introduce a sense of Jewishness into their which are added to the generally higher- religion are accepted, although the ma- in Somerville, MA.

of challenge, nurturance, and community community than the creation of more which young people may be born, itself. Jewish children and families. Improving nurtured, and prepared for membership in Families Third, as Jews, we have preserved the quality and reach of Jewish education, the Jewish community, and adults may ourselves, grown, and developed over the continuing the work of Jewish spiritual find opportunities for companionship and Continued from page 11 centuries not by denying the changes in renewal, and devoting ourselves to the intimacy. their control. People are already choosing the world around us, but by responding to achievement of peace in the Middle East Once we recognize that there are other — or being forced to choose — to live in them creatively. The many strands of are equally important contributions to means to achieve those same ends, and non-traditional structures, even without Zionism, for example, were developed in Jewish continuity. thet even "undermining the family" need any support from the Jewish community. response to the secular nationalisms which The accomplishment of these tasks will not necessarily threaten Jewish survival, Withholding of communal support merely arose during the 19th century and surely not be undermined by actively the path is open to rethink our attitudes in guarantees that those who live in non- presented a fundamental challenge to welcoming into the Jewish community the context of commitment to the conti- traditional ways will not have access to, or notions of Jewish peoplehood. New no- those whose life paths differ from the nuity and vitality of Jewish traditions and be incorporated into, Jewish communal tions of family offer a similar chance for stereotypical norm. More importantly, the values. It is an opportunity we cannot life. In other words, the expressed fear that positive, creative development. infusion of energy, creativity, and strength afford to miss. $ the choice of a non-traditional life is a which would be available to the communi- choice to abandon the Jewish community Creative Continuity ty through incorporating those who are will certainly come to be a reality if those The issue is, finally, one of Jewish now on the margins might well make an Martha Ackelsberg has been active in now included within the community make survival. Much of the fear and concern important difference in the ability of all of Jewish feminist activities for the past it so! which arises around the topic of "alter- us to meet the challenges of our survival as 14 years. An associate professor of Jews (and as inhabitants of this planet). Second, the price of such exclusion is natives to the nuclear family" is related to government, and a principal in- borne not only by the community but, a deeped-rooted anxiety about the conti- What I am suggesting is that we think vestigator with the Project on Women obviously, by those treated as different, as nuity of the Jewish people, an anxiety from seriously about the distinction between and Social Change at Smith College, well. Too much is lost to the community which we have almost never — certainly the central elements of the Jewish tradition she is spending the current academic through the inability of members of not in recent years — been free. But even and the historically-specific institutions year in Cambridge, as a fellow of the various groups — single Jews, widowed though I have tended to treat that concern which have been developed to carry out Bunting Institute at Radcliffe College, and divorced people, the elderly but in relatively traditional terms — focusing, those traditions. The nuclear family as we where she is working on a book about childless, gay men and lesbians — to for example, on alternative ways of raising- know it is not, in itself, central to the the political and social vision of the participate fully in all aspects of Jewish Jewish children — there is more, much continuity of Judaism: it is, instead, simply Spanish anarchist women's organiza- life; too much is denied to them in the way more, to the health and survival of the one possible set of relationships through tion, Mujeres Libres.

responses. All our interactions are complex digm constitute the assumptions of Including women means a great deal and multileveled and to the extent that we feminist thought and approach that need more than welcoming the physical pres- Paradigm are more and more aware, we are more to be integrated with Judaism for us to ence of half the Jewish community. In the free. We begin to own the "teacher" within participate in the movement of Judaism process of bringing in the female, power each of us and agree to take responsibility into the post-modern era. The outline of a relations are changed. There is a greater Continued from page 12 for what happens to us. We support each theology that fits very closely with the openness to all "others," to that which is everything else — environment, the speci- other's struggle with self-defeating habits assumptions of the new paradigm have different. We are encouraged to make es, animals, plants, nations and in- and patterns as we aim toward self- already been developed, I believe, by the peace with the split and alienated parts of dividuals. We also know that our freedom actualization and the creation of the kinds founder of Reconstructionism, the late ourselves. As we expand our sense of our depends on the liberation of others, not on of families and communities we need. We Rabbi Mordecai Kaplan. It is no accident own possibilities, we thereby expand our their enslavement. The freedom of men are committed to the importance of that Kaplan was unequivocal as far back as sense of responsibility for our world. We ultimately depends on women's liberation; communication, and to learning how to do the early decades of this century on the begin to actualize the process that makes so too with races, classes and other it better. absolute necessity of involving women for the fulfillment of human destiny. I am oppressed groups — including Jews. 6. Process. fully in Jewish life. But while the Re- hopeful that the Jewish feminist presence 5. Validating Experience We live with uncertaintly, change, flex- constructionist movement may hold par- will contribute a vibrant new process and ticular promise as an arena in which to spirit for seeking ever greater wholeness The varieties of personal experience are ibility and experimentation. There is no and unity (shalom) in our fragmented hiding place, and no ultimate destination. experiment with communal forms inspired important, not only for individuals but in by feminist ideas, every step toward souls and societies. <* the context of a group. It is possible to There is only continued evolution in the raising the image of woman and giving a derive great strength from giving ex- direction of greater awareness and greater voice to the silent female will have Sheila Peltz Weinberg is a student at pression to what lies hidden within, and freedom. important reverberations, whether in Or- we are becoming more sophisticated about the Reconstructionist Rabbinical Col- thodox, Conservative, Reform, Yiddishist, lege in Philadelphia and a HUM di- identifying feelings and learning to distin- Greater Wholeness and Unity Sephardic, Zionist or secular circles. guish between our reactions and These tentative notes for a new para- rector. genesis 2 April 1984 Nisan 5744 17 Arts and Reviews

The Shalom Seders: Three curiosity of children is included. Haggadahs Other contemporary issues are not compiled by New Jewish Agenda. ignored: the updating of Dayenu includes Adama Books, N.Y., 1984. references to nuclear escalation, energy conservation, racial and cultural dis- The Telling: A Loving Haggadah for crimination, the Middle East, the elderly, Passover world hunger, and more. Perhaps this is Dov Ben Khayyim ed., the part that the Kadima people update Rakhamim Publications, 1983. most regularly in their yearly revision of this Haggadah. While we are told that this The Passover Haggadah with a is their most recent edition, it is the fact Traditional and Contemporary that their Haggadah gets rewritten every Commentary year that makes this approach special. by Rabbi Shlomo Riskin. Once we accept the premise that the Seder Ktav Publishing House Inc., New is a reflection of what is most recently on York, 1983. our minds, that it must deal with the important issues of our lives, then yearly Reviewed by Rosie Rosenzweig examinations are necessary for us to keep growing. From this premise it follows that hile for some the "official" text of all our rituals serve this purpose, whether the Passover Haggadah has been we name our needs political, psychologi- set in concrete at least since the cal, or spiritual. Indeed, it is this purpose W with its many tools that will be the drive 14th century, for others, the setting, the details, and the manner have been subject behind the revival of our religion to make to the mindset of the participants and their it pertinent and vital to our lives. particular viewpoint. For example, during The Telling: A Loving Hagadah for 301-198 B.C.E., when Eretz Yisrael was Passover offers another style of dealing under the dominance of the Ptolemies of with contemporary issues. The editor, Dov Egypt, references to Israel's liberation from ben Khayyim, has made few changes in Egypt were diplomatically altered. For- the traditional text except for the Maggid, tunately, today's revisions tend to enhance the Telling of the Tale. Here women are rather than obscure the original events. also given equal credit, reflecting a view- One of the most important domestic yearly point evident in the many quotations and rituals, the seder has lent itself to the range of illustrations inserted throughout. embellishments of personal tastes and For example, the reference to Miriam's vernacular influences. Today we don't dance after the crossing of the Red Sea is actually make pilgrimages at Passover to illustrated bv an original sketch of four the promised land, and except for the Biblical women dancing that bears this quote Samaritans, we can't actually sacrifice the Revision and Renewal from Emma Goldman: "If I can't dance Pascal lamb any more, but we do pay to it, it's not my revolution." Besides the attention to different symbols like those on interpretation. the story by Raymonda Tawil, a Palestini- preface that states the intent to scrape the seder plate to form the shorthand for The Rainbow Seder begins with the an whose best friend, a Holocaust victim, "away the male-oriented view of society," the actual experience and reenactment of lighting of rainbow candles as a statement was given an Arab home to live in by the only one footnote near the explanation of our servitude and freedom from Egypt so is read naming us as the generation of government. The home coincidentally the Four Children actually spells out this long ago. While long commentaries and Auschwitz and Hiroshima committed to belonged to Tawil's aunt and still held all Haggadah's all-inclusive viewpoint: discussions are an old tradition for the "the rainbow in our many-colored faces." of the aunt's possessions; indeed, when seder table, Egypt has recently become a This may not fit universally into all Tawil visited she found her childhood doll "Each person's uniqueness is a Divine springboard to touch our personal, politi- settings, but for the committed the refer- still there. Still another memory was Gift, and is to be respected. As one cal, or spiritual issues with depth and ences that follow to Nat Turner, Henry brought into this mix: when I was a should not exclude oneself from the emotion; this seems to be the unwritten David Thoreau and John Brown, as well as university student in the fifties, I had two community, so too should the com- premise in every Haggadah, and it is in the exerpts from Martin Luther King's 1963 close friends called Ari and Avi. We met munity not exclude any of its mem- content of the telling that these issues speech, will be stirring and dramatic. The often over coffee, an Arab, an Israeli, and bers, be they women or men; Gay, become apparent in each of the Hag- Seder here is a staged production with an American, to talk about things all Lesbian or Heterosexual; Reform, gadahs to be discussed below. guitar-strumming and humming in the college sophomores talk about. Then they Conservative or Chassid. Each person Each of the three Shalom Seders com- background, silences at pointed times, and were called back to their homes, probably adds to the exquisite texture of life." piled by New Jewish Agenda represents a "We Shall Overcome" sung at the end. to fight one another. I felt a double pain, new generation of story-telling, a genera- These strands are interwoven with the then — like the child of a divorce, torn by Contemporary Tradition tion that seeks to know the tale deeply main theme of the Rainbow Sign, which mixed allegiances and intense loss. The The Passover Haggadah by Rabbi rather than simply hearing it "in a rush of Waskow describes as a symbol for a Seder of the Children of Abraham ad- Shlomo Riskin is still another approach to Hebrew" as Grace Paley describes in her "project that applies Jewish perspectives dresses those feelings. contemporary commentary. Rabbi Riskin's Preface. This generation seems committed to the prevention of a world nuclear Hardly an item in the Haggadah commentary is basically a traditional to the "God-wrestling" that Arthur holocaust." The premise of this brother- digresses from this theme of Jewish-Arab approach, and his contemporary inter- Waskow describes in his introduction, and, and sisterhood is illuminated by the struggle. The ten plagues are ten pretations are influenced by the discourses of course, in his earlier book by that name. reminder to grieve for the sufferings of the murderous events in the Jewish-Arab of Rabbi Joseph B. Soleveitchik, a well- Each of these three seders takes small and Egyptians who died in the Red Sea struggle inflicted by both sides upon one known Orthodox teacher at the great liberties with the conventional text because God rebuked the angels' rejoicing another; Dayenu is rewritten to include the Maimonides School in Boston. This by including new insertions, calling the at the drownings with "Are those not My opening line, "If only there had not been carefully constructed literary piece is a four cups of wines by new names, using People also and the work of My hands?" mistrust." The cumulative effect of The book full of fanciful poetic midrash that new symbols, new songs, new versions of Waskow's notes at the end serve as a Children of Abraham is the most intense sometimes elaborates on the usage of old songs, and elaborating and translating scholarly rationale for his interpretations: of the collection. The English translations, single words. Rabbinic metaphor is the parts of the seder with new meaning. All he uses the most mysterious and intimate however, add another dimension with the mode here rather than political analysis use Mitzrayim to mean "a narrow place" name of God — YHWH — to enhance his reference to God as "Holy One of Bless- and writing. Homilies are strung together personally and politically. None of these meaning; he tells us that the Four Children ing" (originally coined by our local Sud- with charming tales and the basic ap- versions would interest anyone whose (the Wise, the Wicked, the Simple and the bury prayerbook) and the lovely trans- proach is philosophical. "Contemporary" mindset cannot include "new age think- Silent) are k'neged — encountering us or lation of the Blessings After the Meal. The has an entirely different meaning in this ing," for every one of them is a political standing opposite us; he introduces flow- added line at the end, "Wisdom is to the Haggadah than the other four. statement about contemporary issues that ers into the ceremony with a traditional soul as food is to the body" is a metaphor The difference between this Haggadah sometimes overlap. With a premise like blessing for the first blossoming tree in the that raises our particular tragedy to the and the others is evident in the inter- this, re-writing the Haggadah may become month of Nisan, the month of Passover; he level of universal truth, and it is this truth pretation of the Four Children attributed to a yearly pastime depending on the issue of stretches the Hallel, the praise at the end, to which we must apply our lives. the former Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi concern at the time. to include the poetic translation of the Joseph Isaac Schneersohn (1880-1950). Song of Songs, a nice balance to the hard- The Role of Women Each child represents a generation of A Call to Action hitting political teaching of this seder. The Haggadah of Liberation, the third in Jewish-American experience: The Wise The Rainbow Seder, the first in the the collection, is the work of the Kadima Child is the European Orthodox Jew; the collection, is an update of Waskow's 1969 Truth and Struggle ("Forward") chapter of the New Jewish Wicked Child is the son who rejected these Freedom Seder written in the wake of The Seder of the Children of Abraham, Agenda in Seattle, and was originally values and succeeded financially in the Martin Luther King's assassination on the second in the collection, is called a written to bring greater awareness of the American "melting pot"; the Simple Child Passover of 1968. It includes the most third night seder and is unabashedly role of women in present and past history. is confused by the conflict between his pointed directions for political action. presented as a teach-in dedicated to a Questions added to the original four father and his grandfather; the next While Waskow's introduction suggests Palestinian, Issam Sartawi, and an Israeli, include this one: "Why have Jewish generation is the Child Who Does Not possibilities, his text asks for the partici- Emil Grunzweig, who shared a dream of women, with their strength and influence, Know How to Ask; additionally, according pants to pledge action during the partak- peace. It brings pain and suffering into the often been excluded from a leadership role to this interpretation, there is a fifth ing of the bitter herbs; he directs us to foreground and acknowledges the "tragic, in the Jewish community?" Miriam; her generation beyond the threshold and lost. perform tzedakah (charity) during the destructive killing ... inflicted on one mother Yochevet; Shifra and Pu-ah, the If, indeed, the common goal of all early breaking in two of the matzah; he another." The traditional order of the seder midwives who refused to kill the male participants of the Seder is complete asks us to share the cup of Elijah with is there, but the Maggid (the story part) is a Jewish infants, and even the Pharaoh's redemption, then each of these Haggadahs other seder participants "to give us joy for string of quotes from Arabs and Israelis daughter are given more attention than is incomplete. We must keep renewing our the work ahead." The story of the five with narration about their victories and usual in the telling of the story. During the rituals to bring.them closer to our hearts; rabbis — Eliezer, Joshua, Elazar ben losses at one another's hands. The con- third cup of wine, renamed "to Re- we must keep the dialogue alive across the Azariah, Akiba and Tarfon — talking clusion is that both sides are victims of the sistance," we learn the names of the lines of nationality, sex, color, politics, and about the Seder Story to daybreak be- struggle. courageous women who fought against even our own tradition. comes a centerpiece of Waskow's treat- When I read through this seder I the Nazis. So, if not next year in Jerusalem, let next ment. It is as if the imaginary political remember an Orthodox rabbi who once Children are considered differently in year bring on a new batch of Haggadahs to commentary of these five rabbis were told me why he never reads genesis 2: this text: the four questions receive im- keep the faith. "> recorded and reinterpreted in the history "Because," he said, "they don't understand of the past few decades. But Waskow's mediate and short answers as if to ward off that my Zaide Avraham owned that land the impatience of the young; the wicked Rosie Rosenzweig is a contributing point is that talking is not enough; he sees Israel, and so it is my birthright!" This editor of genesis 2 and a member of the seder as a call >o action as well as an child is renamed "the isolated child" and conversation tore at me again when I read spoken to lovingly; a prayer for the Temple Beth-El in Sudbury. 18 genesis 2 April 1984 Nisan 5744 psychiatrist, whose promises to "cure" her controversial subjects as Elisheva looks for based on Biblical texts, such as the Song of Returning on Her aversion to traditional femininity highlight her place within Israeli society. She Solomon. All of these variations in style one of the book's many comic episodes. portrays male sexual violence, inequalities help to capture the protagonist's continu- Own Terms Finally, with the declaration "En among Sephardi and Ashkenazi Jews, ally shifting feelings and experiences. brera.. . There is no choice," Elisheva and ever-increasing militarism. Instead of The Law of Return is a book that seems The Law of Return returns to the U.S. with plans of marriage. turning away from Israel, she uses likely to be treasured by anyone with an By Alice Bloch Her engagement falls through, and with Elisheva's differences (including her com- interest in Jewish women and Israel, and Alyson Publications, Inc. an unlikely although romantic twist of paratively privileged upbringing as an especially by those who seek a true Boston, 1983 plot, she finds the Jewish woman lover of American) to define her position there "return," on their own terms, to the her dreams. Many years later, the two with unwavering honesty. spiritual sources of their Jewish identities. Reviewed by Shelley Minden women return to Israel as visitors, and this A variety of prose styles convey the 0 "The promise and the law are the same. time for Elisheva it is a true "return" in diverse themes of this book. A third-person The promise of return, the Law of Return." Bloch's metaphorical sense, with an narrative carries along the swiftly moving (p. 231) understanding of her own identity and the plot, and is interspersed with introspective n Alice Bloch's latest book, Israel's law historical forces that shaped her life. first-person points of view, both present Shelley Minden is on the staff of of return becomes a metaphor for the Alice Bloch is not afraid to take on tense and past. Many lyrical passages are genesis 2. Ireturn to the deepest sources of Jewish spiritual power. The novel tells the story of a young American woman who arrives in Israel for a summer vacation after finishing Hebrew College Celebrates Hasidic Culture college. Beginning with a name change at the desk of an Israeli immigration officer, By Joyce Eldridge Bloch's protagonist (Ellen/Elisheva) A week-long "Tribute to the Hasidic which members of the Klezmer Con- ing lives of Jewish communities in begins a ten year search for her identity as Arts," featuring dance, music, paintings, servatory Band will perform Hasidic Ethiopia, Europe and Russia. Kalischer, a a Jew and as a woman. lectures, film and photography, will be Klezmer tunes on piano and clarinet. -Stockbridge, MA resident, has been Elisheva's experiences in Israel will be hosted at Hebrew College in Brookline The Monday program is also open to the exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art recognized by many Americans who starting Sunday April 1 and running public free of charge, courtesy of the and the Metropolitan Museum in New visited Israel during the years shortly after through April 8. College's Cultural Affairs Committee. York, and the Museum of Fine Arts in the Six Day War of 1967. She studies The sixth annual Jack and Helena The Hamakor Israeli Folk Dance Troupe Boston. Hebrew in an ulpan with Morrocan, Gordon Arts Festival is an exploration of will be performing at 43 Hawes Street Russian, and South American immigrants, the populist strain of Jewish mysticism campus Tuesday April 3 at 8 p.m. Colorful The Hasidic art exhibit that is the picks a fall harvest of pomegranates on a known as Hasidism that became, for costumed dancers and musicians will mainstay of the week-long festival this religious kibbutz, and moves to an apart- millions of Jews, a culture of ecstasy and recreate the timeless joy of a Hasidic year boasts the work of nine major artists, ment in Jerusalem, where she obtains a devotion. Today, the citadel of Hasidic wedding, the spirit of the Hora, and the including a husband-and-wife team, Em- typing job at the Hebrew University. culture is located in the Williamsburg legendary spirit of life in the shtetl in an manuil and Janet Snitkovsky, who are Bloch's love of Jerusalem comes through in section of Brooklyn, New York. New York effort to evoke the many moods of Hasidic natives of the Ukraine. her evocation of the mystical presence of City itself boasts 50,000 Hasidic Jews, out life. Besides Filmus, the names most iden- its ancient stones, and the sights, smells of a worldwide Hasidic population of The Tuesday program is courtesy of the tifiable with Hasidic themes are Zalman and sounds of the mingled Arab, Jewish 200,000. Hebrew College Alumni Association. Kleinman, whose aim is to depict the and Christian cultures. Her humor sur- Highlight of the program will be a major On Thursday, nationally celebrated au- emotion, feeling, joy and simplicity of faces frequently, usually at the expense of art exhibit featuring oils, watercolors and thor Yaffa Eliach, who has appeared on Hasidic life; Itzhak Holtz, whose work bewildered Americans, as in Elisheva's acrylics by prominent representatives of network television and talk shows in reveals a fascination with unglamorous, mistaken assumption that the ulpan she the Williamsburg, N.Y., Hasidic communi- connection with her work as author, writer everyday sights such as deserted buildings arrives at is not completely built. ty, including world-famous Tully Filmus. and founder of the Center for Holocaust in the Lower East Side of New York; and "The Ministry of Absorption has sent Filmus, whose works depict turn-of-the- Studies in New York, will give readings Harry Lieberman, who grew up in the her to an ulpan under construction. century Jewish life, is presently represent- from her latest book, Hasidic Tales of the Hasidic sect of Mystic Ecstasy in the What is she supposed to do, wait for ed by paintings in the Metropolitan and Holocast. Ukraine and came to the States at the age the bus to take her back? Wait to join Whitney Museums in New York City. The The 8 p.m. program, presented by the of 30. When Lieberman turned 100, he the construction crew after their lunch subject of two art books bearing his name, Hebrew College Women's Association, signed a seven-year (!) contract to produce break? Maybe the ulpan is a sort of he is also listed in "Who's Who in will feature the dynamic poet, playwright, and illustrate Jewish Folk Art calendars. Kibbutz: first you must help build the America" and "Who's Who in American and novelist, who also serves as professor Leiberman's works hang in the Hirshorn school, then you can learn Hebrew in Art." of history and literature at the Depart- Museum in Washington, D.C., and in it." (p. 18) The Hasidic tribute opens at 3 p.m. ment of Judaic Studies of Brooklyn Col- museums throughout the East and West. Nearly all of Elisheva's experiences in Sunday with a Gala reception featuring a lege in New York. Also to be represented are Michael Israel are affected by her status as a Stravinsky and Ernest Bloch concert by Throughout the week-long festival, the Muchnik, best known as an illustrator of ' woman. The segregation of women within Amnon Levy, a member of the first violin college is concomitantly hosting a major children's books; Jerry Duda-Graez, a religious life becomes a source of both joy section of the Boston Symphony Or- photography exhibit by Clemens Kalischer Polish native, who depicts life in small and resentment. Joy comes as she dis- chestra. and Ilene Perlman at its Rosenshine East European communities; and Ibby covers her happiness in the company of The program is open to the public free of Gallery. Entitled "Hasidic Life in Israel and Kleiner, the only female artist in the women: in the curtained balconies of charge, courtesy of the Hebrew College Williamsburg," the show is open Monday Hebrew College show, whose work synagogues, at the mikveh, and in the Cultural Affairs Committee. through Thursday from 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. portrays the vanished world of the Eastern kitchens of the Sephardic women among The day-long program on Monday, and Sunday from 9 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. European shtetl. whom she lives. Yet she is continually April 2, opens at 10 a.m. with an Perlman, who recently closed a show on For further information about the reminded of the rejection of women by "Introduction to the Hasidic Tradition of Ethiopian Jewry at the College, has Hebrew College festival, contact the col- male-dominated Israeli culture, as when Focused Prayer and Meditation," by Rabbi traveled throughout the world document- lege at 232-8710. she notices at the Western Wall of the Nehemia Polen, spiritual leader of Con- Temple that the men's side is twice as big gregation Tifereth Israel in Everett. At 11 as the women's. a.m. Rabbi Mayer A. Horowitz of Con- "Are more women praying? At first it gregation Beth Pinchas of Brookline will appears so, but no; the men's side is speak on the "Origins and Meaning of simply twice as large. A ragged Hasidic Dress." The mid-day program mehitza curtain separates the two concludes at noon with a showing of the portions, as blatant and unabashed a film "The Spark" which portrays display of unfairness as Grandmother ceremonial life in present-day Brooklyn. Lowenthal giving her puny son-in- "The Spark" will be repeated again law Arthur the largest helping at a Monday evening at 6:45 p.m., this time holiday meal.. ." (p. 45) followed by a discussion led by Rabbi largeISRAE stock of JudaicLa paperback BOOs anKd hardbacks SHO, classicaP l As her love for women grows, Elisheva Chaim Prus, regional director of Chabad Hebrew texts, Hebrew school textbooks, Hebrew and becomes increasingly aware of her dif- House. The Monday program concludes Yiddish newspapers, records, cards and gift items. ficulties in relationships with men. She is with a two-part event specially geared to haunted by dreams of Lilit, Adam's JUST PUBLISHED the Russian-Jewish community in Greater HALAKHIC MAN, by Rabbi J.B. 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This wonder worker lives in an of Western culture and Jewish civilization impoverished South American village by JOIN in the person of Holocaust survivor Joseph way of Budapest, wears rainbow colored Brill. Exiled from a Europe left in ashes, he socks with his kapute, and celebrates THE BOSTON JEWISH starts a primary school in middle America Shabbes by making individual magical — a dayschool where Humash and Proust, omelettes in copper frying pans for each of ARTS COALJTION Jerusalem and Athens, will live side by his followers. A fabulous, virtuostic, hilari- side. What he finds instead is stasis, ous, touching kaleidoscope of a book of the mediocrity, and mistaken identity. The about greasepaint and tightropes, art and issues of triviality, the end of culture as love and the rabbi's wisdom: "it's true that AMERICAN JEWISH CONGRESS we know it, and the empty grandeur of art won't put its arms around you in the what passes for a "humanistic education" middle of the night — but really, who's — Receive our quarterly NEWSLETTER are subsumed in Ozick's metaphor of the making you choose?" cannibal galaxy, where stars devour them- — Attend special events selves and their brothers. 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Ozick gives us not the euphoria of say, "Adolph Hitler is my best friend: he exciting Spring 1985 the artist but the humiliation of a man who shakes the trees and I gather the apples." thought he could emerge from a cellar in Heilbut's compelling study of the intellec- BOSTON JEWISH ARTS FESTIVAL Europe stocked with books and graft a tual emigres who came to the United dead way of thinking into the lives of States in flight from Nazi Germany makes America's children. a significant contribution to cultural schol- arship by not only taking a roll call of intellectuals who came here and delineat- SEND $10 DUES to: BJAC, 113 College Avenue, Hungry Hearts ing their routes of escape, but by describ- Somerville, MA 02144. Special bonus: Also receive a By Francine Prose ing the impact both Jewish and non-Jewish Pantheon emigres had on their respective fields of free one year subscription to the National Jewish Arts expertise and on the communities which Newsletter of the Martin Steinberg Center for Jewish Francine Prose (her real name) is a came to shelter them. storyteller obsessed with the miraculous. Artists, sponsored by American Jewish Congress of Her first novel, Judah the Pious, published — Debra Cash a decade ago, was told from the per- N.Y.C. The Steinberg Center also sponsors a National spective of a man conceived by his mother while she dreamed of her husband. Prose's Jewish Artisans' Guild. hat was doffed both to Nachman of Give the gift Bratslav and I.B. Singer. 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week include New Jewish Agenda and subjects while concentrating on larger play while their parents participate in Peace With Justice Union of Hebrew Congregations. problems that concern everyone," she worship services in the synagogue's Mon- A call for peace with economic justice A background packet and further infor- writes. tague Chapel. Ohabei Shalom is a con- will be heard at rallies, voter registration mation about Peace with Justice Week is The booklet includes sections on nego- gregation of Reform Jews who seek to drives, church services, and Mother's Day available from National Jobs with Peace tiating and resolving conflicts, choosing provide a nurturing Jewish environment activities during National Peace with Campaign, 76 Summer Street, Boston, MA issues on which to focus, and a trouble- for individuals and families of all ages. The Justice Week, May 4-13, 1984. 02110, and Peace with Justice Week Office, shooting checklist which offers leaders monthly Shabbat morning program for Events in hundreds of communities 475 Riverside Drive, New York, N.Y. means to gauge the viability of their young children is one way in which across the U.S. are being planned and 10015. coalitions' practices. The forward is written Ohabei Shalom reaches out to Jewish coordinated by the National Council of by New York Governor Mario M. Cuomo. families in the Greater Boston area. For Churches and the National Jobs with For information about ordering the more information call Sherry Grossman, Peace Campaign, in cooperation with over Coalition Building manual, contact the American Jewish Director of the Temple's Early Childhood 25 disarmament and religious organiza- The American Jewish Committee an- Committee Institute of Human Relations, Center, at 277-7881 or 277-6669. tions. These groups have formed the Peace nounces the publication of the first com- 165 E. 56th St., New York, N.Y. 10022. Temple Ohabei Shalom is located at the with Justice Week Coalition. Citing the prehensive manual for training leaders in intersection of Kent and Beacon Streets, on "ominous expansion" of nuclear and coalition work. Entitled "The Art of Nuclear Free Zones the Green Line, in Brookline. conventional weapons at the sake of Coalition Building — a Guide for Com- The Religious Task Force/Mobilization cutbacks in jobs and human services, the munity Leaders," the manual was written for Survival has designated May 1984 as Coalition prefaced its call to action with by intergroup relations expert and leader- "Religious Nuclear Free Zone Organizing Volunteers Needed the following statement: "Seldom in recent ship trainer Cherie Brown, who has Month." During that time, churches, syn- Zionist House is looking for volunteers history has the gravity of the times so worked for a decade to foster coalition agogues, and other religious groups will for a variety of positions. People are sharply challenged our faith, so directly building among ethnic and religious or- consider the possibility of becoming Nu- needed to work on publicity and outreach confronted our hopes as a community of ganizations as well as groups focusing on clear Free Zones. Organizing packets are projects, staff the library, and work on believers." women's, disarmament, economic and available at $3 each from RTF/MS, 85 membership drives for the Young Leader- "Peace with Justice Week will send a other issues. South Oxford St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 11217. ship Movement and the Israel Culture message to every candidate running for Coalitions among organizations active Training and orientation materials are also Center. In addition, coordinators are elective office this year," noted Jonathan on behalf of various political and social available from: Gary Gamer, Church needed for the May 29 Jerusalem Day King, co-chair of the National Jobs with issues "are an attractive alternative for World Service, Rm 712, 475 Riverside program at Boston Public Library and the Peace campaign. "It's time to reorder our self-interest groups who have found that Drive, New York, N.Y. 10115. November 4 Opportunities in Israel Fair, federal spending priorities and devote extreme separatism has led to rivalry and as well as for building improvement and more resources to domestic programs that ineffectiveness," notes Brown. "The eco- Project 5744 grant-seeking efforts. Volunteers are also create jobs and promote human develop- nomic and social realities of the next Plans are in the works for Project 5744, needed to work in their own homes on ment." decade will continue to force groups out of an east coast Jewish women's gathering, to phone calling, mailing and office work. Peace with Justice Week will provide an isolation, and we will begin to see a take place in the New York City area Call Zionist House at 267-3600 if inter- historic opportunity for religious and growing willingness among groups to before the end of this year. Anyone ested. secular organizations to work together in a choose issues on the basis of their alliance- interested in making a commitment to call for jobs, peace and justice as critical building potential." working on the gathering, or to be placed interlocking issues. This week represents a The manual takes the reader step by on the mailing list, should write Project genesis 2 merger of two previously separate events: step through the details of getting a 5744, 85 Scudder Place, Northport, N.Y. is planning a Guide to Jewish Life National Jobs with Peace Week, held in coalition started and the staffing, funding 11768. in Boston. We are seeking people April of 1983, and Peace with Justice Week, and decision-making processes of coali- to help write, research and photo- held in May 1983. Last year's activities tion bodies. The author suggests tech- graph for this project. involved over 100,000 people. A na- niques for identifying overlapping group Children's Shabbat Contact: tionwide tour of international religious interests, telling leaders to stay away from Temple Ohabei Shalom in Brookline Guide Editor and peace leaders will be featured during defining positions simply in terms of will offer a monthly Shabbat activity genesis 2 the week. opposition. "It is important to teach groups program for young children, to engage 99 Bishop Allen Drive Jewish organizations participating in the how to agree to disagree on certain them in Sabbath-oriented music, art, and Cambridge, MA 02139

HEBREW COLLEGE PRESENTS A Tribute to Hasidic Arts JVC CAREERS FOR THE FUTURE Week-long festival of Art, Music, Lectures, Films A Monthly Series Jewish Community Campus Room 205 333 Nahanton Street, Newton (Centre Thursday, April 12, 7:30 p.m.

Starting your own business, for women only — part I basic A panel of ^successful women entrepreneurs will share their own business experiences and cover basii financial, marketing and personal issues. Moderator: Helene Fish, Founder, NAFE/Women In Management (Boston Chapter of National Association of Female Executives) Panelists: Jill Henderson, President, Henderson and Company; Laura Katleman, President, Boston Brownie; Nancy Korman, Partner, 760 Associates; Alexandra Moses, Attorney At Law, Elder and Moses

Thursday, April 19, 7:30 p.m. Starting your own business, for women only — part II This workshop, conducted by the JVS Financial Manager, is designed for the women prepared to launch her own business. A more in-depth look in to the fundamentals of accounting, marketing and financial issues will be covered.

Registration fee for each panel: $5.00 To pre-reglster, call Janice Berg at 723-2846. Space is limited.

SIXTH ANNUAL JACK AND HELENA GORDON ARTS FESTIVAL Jewish Family & Children's Gala Opening Sunday, April 1, at 3 p.m. violin concert by Amnon Levy of the Service Boston Symphony Orchestra Monday, April 2, day-long programs Rabbi Nehemia Polen at 10 a.m. on "The Discussion groups now forming for: Hasidic Tradition of Focused Prayer" Rabbi Mayer Horowitz at 11 a.m. on Separated or divorced without children "Hasidic Dress" "The Spark" at noon — film on Hasidic life repeated at 6:45 p.m. followed by Parents of gays Rabbi Chaim Prus' analysis Program for Russian-Jewish community at 8 p.m.: "Tales of I.L. Peretz" Single parents Tuesday, April 3, at 8 p.m. Hamakor Israeli Folk Dance Troupe Parents of adolescents Thursday, April 5, at 8 p.m. Readings by Yaffa Eliach, author of "Hasidic Tales of the Holocaust" Parents with adopted children SPECIAL HIGHLIGHT: Art exhibit by eight prominent Hasidic painters. Photo exhibit on "Hasidic Life in Williamsburg and Israel." For information on these and other groups, call: ALL EVENTS OPEN TO PUBLIC FREE OF CHARGE. For information contact Hebrew College, 43 Hawes St., Brookline, 232-8710. 965-68901 genesis 2 April 1984 Nisan 5744 21

to B'nai Or Boston, 77 Fordham Rd., W. show entitled "The West Bank, Palesti- Jewish Women's Open Discussion to 9:45 p.m. $5 for general admission, GUIDE Newton, MA. 02165 by Apr. 13. Call nians, and the U.S. Role." Featured Group. An evening of remembrance, $3 for Leventhal-Sidman JCC members. 244-9156 for pot luck assignment, other speaker will be Dan Petegorsky. Spon- ritual, song and discussion for Yom Tickets available in advance. Call info. Continued from page 24 sored by Mobilization for Survival. At Hashoah. Holocaust Remembrance 965-7410 for more details. the Mobilization office, 727 Mass. Ave., Day. Cambridge Women's Center, 46 Yom Hashoah Memorial Service at Cambridge, 7:30 p.m. Suggested dona- Pleasant St., Cambridge 7:30 p.m. Brandeis' Berlin Chapel, 7:30 p.m. Wednesday, 18 tion $2. Call 354-0008 for more details. Sunday, 15th Ethiopian Jewry Presentation at Tufts Miaha Taratuta Day at Tufts Hillel. The Hillel. Watch for more details. Monday, 30th Mattaga Workshop led by Sandra Soviet Refusenik who has applied for Saturday, 28th Daitch, Ms.T., AMTA Certified Massage admission to Tufts. Watch for details. Monday, 23rd "A Moment to Feel, A Day to Remem- Therapist, Central Square Cambridge. Coffee House with live entertainment. ber," a 24-hour multi-media Holocaust A series of one-day workshops that "Four Corners of the Earth, Four More MIT Hillel, 9 to 12 p.m. commemoration begins at Tufts Hillel. Thursday, 19th Watch for ads. include demonstrations and practice of Cups of Wine," a program of Jewish Hayride and Desserts Young Adult basic massage strokes, with awareness, Woman's Plea lor Soviet Jewry Rally music at Tufts Hillel, 8 p.m. Center, meet at 6 p.m. and carpool. "Does the Holocaust Negate God's relaxation and centering exercises. For with Cantor Jack Kessler, Solomon Advance reservations, $7 members, Existence" with Dennis Prager, director women only, 1 to 6 p.m. Other work- Schecter Choral Group, and an original $10 non-members. of the Brandeis-Bardin Institute. Holo- shops for women will be held on April skit depicting the Matzot of Freedom. Wednesday, 25 caust Memorial Service precedes talk. 29th and June 2nd. Workshop for Boston City Hall Plaza, 12:15-1:45 p.m. "Setting the Stage" theatre and mime At MIT Student Center Mezzanine women and women/men pairs will be workshop with Rima Miller. Young Adult Lounge, 7 p.m. held on May 6th. Call 876-0196 for more Sunday, 29th Center, 8 p.m. $3 members, $6 non- details. "Religious Zionism, the Kibbutz and Saturday, 21st members. Maaaage Workshop with Sandra Israeli Society Today" with Dr. Yaakov "Expression! '84," an Israeli Art Exhi- A Jewish View of Capital Punishment Daitch. See Sunday, April 15th. Hitbod'dut: Jewish Meditation, led by Tzur and Bar-lion of Tel Aviv University. bition and sale sponsored by the Starr in a Secular Sate, with J. David Bleich, Lev Friedman of B'nai or Boston. 77 "The Dilemma of the Nuclear Arms The Zionist House, 12 p.m. Admission Gallery of the Leventhal-Sidman Jewish Yeshiva University. Hebrew College Fordham Rd., W. Newton, MA. 02165. Race" with economist John Kenneth free. Community Center, 333 Nahanton St., Government and Politics in Jewish Initial 6 weeks: $30 non-memb., drop-in Galbraith and other distinguished "They Fought Back," the legacy of Newton. Over 600 pieces by 70 of Perspective series. (See April 4). session: $7 memb., $8 non-memb. Call Israel's most eminent artists and speakers. The forum will take place at Jewish resistance during the Holocaust, 244-9156 for more info. artisans wil be available for sale. The the Gosman Jewish Community Center with Roger Gottlieb. Young Adult Center works include sculpture, ceramics, jew- Thursday, 26th Campus, 333 Nahanton St., Newton, 7 $1 members, $4 non-members. elry, weaving, enamel, fiber works, Monday, 16th glass, prints, mosaics and archeological "Towards a More Enjoyable Conversa- antiquities. The exhibition continues tion" with Laurie Schloff, communica- through May 9th. Admission free. The tions consultant. Young Adult Center 8 Maot Chilim sponsored by Tufts Hillel. Starr Gallery is open Monday-Friday, 10 p.m $2 members, $5 non-members. Brandeis Hillel Proudly Presents Delivering Pesach food to the elderly a.m. to 4 p.m. Sunday, 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. project. Also, First Seder begins in Call 965-7410, ext. 169 for more details. Faculty Dining Room, 6:30 p.m. Reser- Friday, 27th vation by April 9th. HOWARD FAST Potluek Shabbat Dinner. Bring a Cooperative Community Seder, Young dairy/veg. dish to share. Young Adult Author: Freedom Road, Spartacus, The Proud &The Free, My Glorious Brothers Adult Center, 8 p.m. $13 advance Sunday, 22nd Center, 6:30 p.m. services at Temple reservations required by April 9. Call Israel, 8:30 p.m. 566-5946 for info. Come and bake a Passover cake at "Tales to to Remember: Storiea of the I I Tufts Hillel. Bayit 8:30 p.m. Holocaust" with storyteller Betty Lehrman. After services, Tufts Hillel, 7 Tuesday, 17th Middle East Update, including slide p.m. THE ETHICS

Second Seder at Tufts Hillel. Faculty 11 Dining Room, 6:30 p.m. "Israel at 36: The International Environment" ACIFISM "The Myatarioua Death of C.T. List," a A scholar-in-residence weekend at Temple Ohabci Shalom OFP new musical about the world's most notorious financial titan. Thrills and fun 1187 Beacon Street, Brookline performed by the Little Flags Theatre featuring and sponsored by the Mobilization for Scholar-in-Residence Uri Ra'anan, Professor of Wed. April 11,7:00 PM Survival. At the American Repertory International politics, The Fletcher School of Law & Theatre, 12 Holyoke St., Cambridge. At Diplomacy, Tufts Univ. 8 p.m. Admission $8. For reservations Friday, Sunday, ColdingAud. and more information call 354-0008. May 4, lecture immediately following May 6,10:15 AM lecture: Seder, B'nai Or, call 734-3109 for Info. Shabbat service*: "The Middle East: The Pollcle. of the So. St. Waltham, Ma. "The Middle East: Security Aspects" Superpowers" B'nai or Community Seder. Led by Lev Both events are open to the community. Charge for the Sund&y For Info Call 647-2178 Friedman and the B'nai Or community. morning lecture Is $3 per person ($2 for students and elders). Co-sponsored by Hillel and the American Jewish Historical Society in assoc. Sponsored byy the Sidneyy A. Unaa Scbo r-ln-Remldeiedi Fund of Temple Potluck. Cambridge-Watertown area. Ohbi Sbl F It with the English Dept& Hornstein Prog, in Jewish Communal Service $5 memb., $7 non-memb. Send check Ohmbei Sbmlom. For more Intonation call TOS (277-6610).

Happy Hebrew OPEN: 1O 6 BOOKS-FEMINIST PRESSES-JOURNALS Specialising in Jinc- illumination . TUES., WED., FRI., SAT. RECORDS-POSTERS-T-SHIRTS-CARDS Passover KduM>ot - Invitations " Gifts 1O 9 THURS. NON-SEXIST CHILDREN'S LITERATURE 12-6 SUN. 186 HAMPSHIRE STREET 113 College fW., SonurvilU Ulft 02H1 CLOSED MON. INMAN SQ. CAMBRIDGE, MA O2139 623O376 I PHONE: (617)876-5310

Therapy For Women in Transition Lynne Merl, LICSW For women who are experiencing major change, a focus on the Certified Radix Teacher healing of the heart and the power to make new decisions Body-Centered Therapist MADELON HOPE M.Ed Cambridge, MA Individual, couple and group Counseling Manchester, NH 646-6319 initial interview is free Neo-Reichian 617-324-6485 Insurance Accepted Education Insurance Accepted Passover Greetings HAPPY PASSOVER

NOW, YOU HAVE A CHOICE . You can now experience pregnancy & childbirth under Tax Preparation the care of a nurse-midwife Lorry Sorgman Contact 524-1617 MOUNT AUBURN MIDWIFE ASSOCIATES (MAMA) MOUNT AUBURN HOSPITAL HAPPY PASSOVER CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 492-3500, extension 1810

Certified nurse-midwives offering sensitive, personalized maternity Small Business care to women and families Valerie Hodenius, CNM Accounting Services Janet Armstrong, CNM

48 South Street, Jamaica Plain, MA Happy Passover 22 genesis 2 April 1984 Nisan 5744 CLASSIFIEDS HELP WANTED HELP WANTED PROFESSIONAL SERVICES JOIN THE 1984 SUMMER STAFF CAMP RAMAH BOY'S KETUBAH New decorated marriage contracts by in New England HEAD COUNSELOR Jonathan Kremer and Lesley Rubin Outstanding camping in a traditional Jewish environment Resident children's summer camp in at selected Judaica shops and from KESSET STUDIO Counselors and Junior Counselors southern N.H., one hour from Boston. POB 692 Brookline MA 02146 Judaic and Hebrew Teachers College graduates with camp or related Camping Activity Specialists youth group experience required. Ex- THERAPY FOR Waterfront Staff cellent salary and fringe benefits. Family WOMEN Maintenance Staff accommodations available. GROUP Kitchen and Dining Hall Staff Thursdays, 6-8 p.m., ongoing For information and application, contact: Call Dr. Charles Rotman A place to discuss personal (617) 237-9410 issues and to create change in Dr. Gil Graff, director one's life Camp Ramah in New England Individual and Couple 233 Harvard St., Brookline MA 02146 Counseling 617-232-7400 MARTHA IRWIN, LICSW THE COUNSELING GROUP 1130 MASS. AVE. WANTED CAMBRIDGE Eli and Bessie Cohen SUMMER STAFF 576-0889 Foundation Camps CAMP YAVNEH Camps Pembroke, Tel Noar, Tevya. Northwood, NH Department of Hebrew College FRANCINE DEPARTMENT HEADS Limited openings for Summer '84 RAINONE, Ph.D. 1 Nurse • Sports Staff and 1 Doctor > Bunk Counselors Polarity Therapy 1 Drivers • Waterfront Staff • Structural massage COUNSELORS WANTED • Maintenance Crew > Music & Drama Specialists • Acupressure • Therapeutic exercise Excellent salaries and fringe benefits College students with specialty Contact: SPECIAL PEOPLE MAKE YAVNEH A SPECIAL PLACE 424-6384 Harvard Square Office skills who enjoy working with chil- Mr. George Marcus, Apply to: Margie Berkowitz, Director Sliding fee scale dren. Spend a meaningful and en- Director Camp Yavneh joyable summer in pleasant sur- 30 Main Street 43 Hawes Street, Brookline, MA 02146 roundings and excellent working Ashland, MAO 1721 (617) 232-8710 (days), (617) 964-9515 (eves) Roselle Mann, M.Ed., LCSW conditions. Tel: (617)881-1002 Individual, Couple and Group Therapy Lend your leadership talents to For appointment or info, call CAMPAV< 111 CAMP KINGSWOOD 498-9676 Bridgeton, ME Lake Tispaquin, Middleboro, MA An agency of the Combined Jewish Philanthropies of Staff Wanted Greater Boston lesbian counseling 110 Boys 110 Girls 70 Staff individual • couple • workshop Registered Nurse, Waterfront Director, Openings for: (must be 21 with W.S.I.), traditional & non-traditional *WSI *Music/Singing methods from a feminist Arts & Crafts Director, Kitchen Boys, *Arts and Crafts "Israeli Dancing perspective — the process strives Jewish Cultural Instructor. * Drama 'Hiking & Camping to be shorter-term, empathic, * Archery * Services flexible & politically sensitive. For positions from June 19 through Aug. 22, 1984. 'Photography 'Boating leslie winegrad msw Overnight Jewish boys camp. Boys ages 8-15 yrs. 'Water Skiing 'Tennis 524-4726 Total 150 campers. Benefits: Jamaica plain Competitive salaries, room & board, laundry and bedding. low sliding scale Write or call Paul G. Davis, Director. Contact: 11 Essex Street, Lynnfield, Mass. 01940 Camp Kingswood Office (617) 542-8080 or: Camp Director Mark Casso (617) 592-9421 (eves.) (617) 334-6275. Call collect in evenings. Career Counseling Career Development & Planning. CAMP KINDERLAND Resumes. The Job Search Process, GAMP NAOMI Preparing For An Interview. (Tolland, Mass.) Raymond, Maine Counselors needed PAULA HERRINGTON 628-9043 Sebago Lake Region * Waterfront * Sports of Southern Maine * Dance * Pioneering * Arts & Crafts * General CO-ED CAMP FOR BOYS AND GIRLS, 8-16 HOW TO FIND THE RIGHT THERAPIST Call for free telephone Contact: Camp Kinderland Beautiful Lakes Emphasis on Group Living orientation on choos- Complete Aquatics Program Tutoring Available ing the best therapist 1 Union Square West, Rm. 507 All Land Sports Exciting & Varied Activities for you. NY 10003 •skforKarln Pioneer & Tripping Program Jewish Culture 492*596 212-255-6267 or -6283 Professional Staff Dietary Laws Observed. CAMBRIDGE COUNSELING SERVICE Accredited Camp, American Camping Association Classifieds JEWISH COMMUNITY Classifieds are 20 cents/word, payable Classifieds, 99 Bishop Allen Dr. Cam- CENTER CAMPS, INC. in advance. $2 min. Send to genesis 2, bridge, MA 02139 Leonard M. Kantowitz, Executive Director 50 Hunt Street, Watertown, MA 02172 Telephone: (617) 924-2030 gilt certificates, SANDRA DAITCH MS. T. HELP WANTED CAMBRIDGE, MA Reform Temple seeks soloist. Ex- workshops. 876-0196 perience in Temple, Cantorial or HEBREW TUTOR other solo singing desirable. Please Quality Instruction for call 524-2050 or leave message at Beginning and Intermediate ELECTROLYSIS 731-4741. SUMMER EMPLOYMENT SMALL BUSINESS Students of All Ages Camp Young Judea, Amherst, Permanent hair removal for PUBLICATIONS Elliot Pilshaw New Hampshire MEN & WOMEN (Resident, Co-ed, 1 hour from The Hammer: anti-racist, anti-fascist 868-0006 Boston) is in need of Department GRAPHICS Day or evening appts. news/analysis. Complimentary issue Directors and Activity Specialists for Reduced rates for upon request. Subscription rate this summer In: Athletics, Logos, ads, brochures students, senior citizens $5/year. P.O. Box 6001 Kansas City, Gymnastics, Swim Instruction (WSI), Missouri 64110 Waterskiing, Sailing, Arts & Crafts, Business cards, stationery & intensive work Books By/For/About Campcraft, Israeli Dance, Drama, Marketing, advertising BETSY SCHNEIDER ROOMMATES the JEWISH WOMAN Israeli Folk Song, Riflery, Tennis, 1208 Mass. Ave., Woman, teacher-musician seeks Photography, Office Personnel and Cambridge Guides & Paperbacks Nurses (R.N.). Excellent Salaries and woman to share large, sunny apart- Call for FREE Consultation Harvard Square Send S.A.S.E. for list fringe benefits. Please contact Dr. ment in West Somerville, convenient Charles B. Rotman, Director, 81 to T. Rent — $175 plus utilities. BIBLIO PRESS Kingsbury Street, Wellesley, MA HONI GRAPHICS Free consultation Avalaible April or May. Call 623-0038, POB 22, Fresh Meadows, NY 11365 02181, 617-237-9410. 524-5236 evenings. 661-9358 genesis 2 April 1984 Nisan 5744 23

PROFESSIONAL better alignment and posture for a wide variety For Students and SERVICES of back trouble. Young Professionals, V MARA SOKOLSKY COMPLETE TRAVEL little bear SERVICE CERTIFIED, LONDON Specializing In & company Charlotte Wasserman ISRAEL — EUROPE & "we work like women " Psychosynthesis Therapist THE MIDDLE-EAST Women-owned/women-run A spiritual approach to: transitions, fllEXflODER TECHfllOUE Special Rates Available painting/plastering substance abuse, relationships, wallpaper stripping creative blocks, physical/emotional Ram Travel. 325 Harvard buse " - sliding fee scale St. 296-1770 232-9089 CAMBRIDGE & BOSTON • (617) 232-6164 Brookline. (617) 738-0500 bon voyage Peggy Fox, Ed.D. exclusive travel for women Feminist Therapist EVELYN S. PICKER, MD. Let me escort you from Boston to Negotiable Fees ISRAEL $2095.°° Insurance Accepted Specialist in Internal Medicine May 15 -29,1984 (all inclusive) Office in Cambridge Near 25 Boylston Street, Chestnut Hill Freshpond Pkwy. edna kutai - (617) 631 -5775 Call 498-9923 739-5820 p.o. box 80, marblehead, massachusetts 01945 Judy Glick, SOUTHERN JAMAICA PLAIN Camp Kinderland M.Ed. HEALTH CENTER Founded 1923 affiliated with the Brigham & Women's Hospital For a unique progressive humanist summer experience through Counseling for Women our rich cultural and recreational program. Relationship & family issues, • Adult Medicine • Pediatrics Jewish secular values, Awareness of Black, Hispanic and other depression & anxiety, transitions • Obstetrics & Gynecology • Nutrition/WIC Program ethnic cultures. Exploration of Labor, Women's Peace and & career change, enhancing self- • Podiatry • Mental Health Freedom Movements. esteem • Family Alcoholism Program A warm, sharing, non-competitive communal environment in Evening hours, convenient to public trans. the Berkshires. Magnificent private lake ... full sports program 661-3742 .. . overnights... comprehensive arts program ... C.I.T. Sliding scale available, all health insur. accepted. program. Ages 7-14 C.I.T. 15-17 Cambridge Spanish spoken. 1 Union Square West, LCSW Sliding Scale 687 Centre St., Jamaica Plain — 522-5900 New York, NY 10003 Insurance Accepted 212-225-6283

Questions about birth control, Make Jacob and Rose Grossman pregnancy, or sexuality? CRTTTENTpN CLINIC Camp the Choice for Your Child This for your critical choice Summer ABORTION CALL BIRTH CONTROL Summer Programs for 600 boys & girls ages 5-13. PLANNED FREE PREGNANCY TESTING Facilities include: lake for swimming and boating. PARENTHOOD Sports fields. Rustic environment for children to ex- 492-0777 782-7600 plore nature. A pioneer social service agency known for ex- A beautiful place to learn about Judaism. Contact: Free, confidential counseling cellence in providing reproductive health care Nora Abrahamer, Director and referral services and pregnancy counseling. We care Tel: (617) 965-7410 (days) a licensed non-profit clinic. Grossman Camp is a branch of the Jewish Community Center of Greater Boston. MONDAY-FRIDAY 9AM-6PM Free Parking Master Charge & Visa Accepted

(617)277-0272 French Nouvelle Cuisine cafe 6 126 A PLEASANT ST. catering Nosh AMI SAAR BROOKLINE. MA Owner 02146 and CIROS RISTORANTE ITALIANA DHuwrs T, W, Th, Sun. 5-19; F, Sat 5-11 paprielle... Luncheons T, W. T, F 11:30-4 CM*** 901 main street, Cambridge mass. 798 Main St.. Cambridge, Mast, 239 Harvard Street, BrookHna, Mas*. 10a.m.-8:30p.m. Dine 277-7112 134 Hampshire St. Cambridge, MA. Eli A teker • ^js$m P patio • BiHi Owner-Chef Fine Israeli • Middle Eastern Foods

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1653 Beacon Street Brookline, MA * 1329 Beacon St. Brookline, Mass. 02146 277-3433 J Wine - Cocktails For Reservations: 731-4800 , \ 354-8371\ \ y Rami and Shaby Alon The international beer with the taste that won three cold medals. 1 Try this great beer from Israel. I hree You'll find Maccabee at your neigh- times it has won Gold Medals in borhood package store or your International Brewers' Com favorite restaurant. petitions—Luxembourg Ask for it. food & more ... 1977, Paris 1979, and One of the world's Amsterdam 1981. serving you in 57 locations great brews. 7 days a week 24 hours a day MACCABEE IMPORTED BY INTERNATIONAL BEVERAGES. INC., WOBURN, MA 24 genesis 2 April 1984 Nisan 5744 GUIDE for the perplexed "Torah and Chocolate," a discussion of The Ethnic Dimension in Government APRIL the weekly Torah portion with Rabbi Monday, 9th and Politics, with Phillip Perlmutter, Friday, 13th Richard Israel at M.I.T. Hillel, from 12 to Executive Director, Jewish Community 1 p.m. Taste the weekly selection of Council. Hebrew College Government "Auschwitz Derashot — Sermons Tax Day Action 1984, a protest vigil at Sunday, 1st gourmet chocolate. Class meets every and Politics in Jewish Perspective se- Given by Rabbis in Auschwitz" with the JKF Federal Building from 12 to 1 Friday at this time, except April 13th and Rabbi Daniel Landis at Brandeis Uni- ries. (See April 4) Selected works by the JCC faculty will p.m. Co-sponsored by the N.E. War Tax May 25th. versity's Lown Auditorium, 8 p.m. be on display at the Starr Gallery of the Resistance and the Deadly Connection Survivor of the Holocaust, Rena Finder, "Humanism and the Holocaust: The Leventhal-Sidman Jewish Community Working Group, the action condemns will speak of her experiences at "The Haggadah: An Experiential Zionist Philosophy of Martin Buber" Center through April 14th. Exhibit in- tax dollars spent on nuclear weapons, Brandeis University's International Passover Workshop" with Rabbis with David Wolok of Hebrew College. At cludes paintings, calligraphy, sculpture, and military intervention in Central Lounge, Usdan Student Center, 9 p.m. Bernard Mehlman, Ronne Friedman and the Zionist House, 3 p.m. Also, an stained glass, enameling and jewelry. opening and reception for Jewish artists America and the Middle East. For more Jeffrey Perry-Marx of Temple Israel. information contact Mobilization for Starr Gallery is open Monday through Young Adult Center 8 p.m. $2 non- begins at 2 p.m. Call 267-3600 for more Friday, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Sunday, 11 Survival, 354-0008. Sunday, 8th members. Information. Admission free. a.m. to 4 p.m. Admission free. 333 The Great Escape Annual Fundraising Continued on page 21 Nahanton St., Newton. Raffle, sponsored by Boston's Jewish Jewish Learning Center sponsored by Young Adult Center. At Jason's Night- Brandeis Hillel. Usdan Conference The Shirim Klezmer Band with violinist club, 131 Clarendon St., Boston. Danc- Room A, 7 p.m. Isidor Ostrovsky. Sponsored by the ing, hors d'oeuvres, cash bar, from 8:30 Palestinians & Israelis: Greater Boston Council of Pioneer p.m. to midnight. Special raffle prizes Women/Na'amat. At Congregation include 4 day trip to Miami, a night at Wednesday, Which Way To Peace? Kehillath Israel, 384 Harvard St. Boston's Marriott-Long Wharf Hotel, with Brookline, 2:30 p.m. Proceeds to Schol- and a ten-speed bicycle. 11th arship Fund. Donation $7. Kibbutz Symposium sponsored by the "The Response to Social Issues in Mohammed Milhem, Mordechai Baron, former mayor of Halhoul & Member of Central Council Leventhal-Sidman JCC and the Israel Yiddish Literature" with Dr. Itche Gold- of Labor Party & "Lox of Laughs" with Jewish humorist, Program Center. At the Gosman Jewish berg, editor of "Yiddishe Kultur" maga- Peace Now activist Moshe Waldoks. Graduate Brunch, 11 Community Campus, 333 Nahanton St., zine. At Brookline High School, 7 p.m. a.m. to 1 p.m., at Tufts Hillel. Also, "The Newton, from 12 to 4 p.m. Program An exploration of the Jewish response April 8 7:30 p.m. Jewish Attitude Toward Abortion" with includes panel discussions on "Kibbutz to social conditions as illustrated in the Rabbi Josh Elkin. Hillel Lounge, 4-6 p.m. and Its Industries," and "You and the writings of I.L. Peretz, Sholem Aleichem, MIT, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge Rm. 10-250 $2.50. Kibbutz," as well as a film about the the "sweatshop poets" and others. Part Co-sponsored by AFSC & New Jewish Agenda Kibbutz lifestyle. Light lunch included. of the Religion and Ethics Series of the "Sinai, Jerusalem, the Holocaust" art For more information call 965-7410. '• Brookline Adult and Community Educa- Call 661-6130 for more information. work of Suzanna Hodes and Berta 186. tion Program. Golohny, on exhibit through Apr. 30 at "Jewish Family: An Endangered Spec- Zionist House. ies?" with Rabbi Abie Ingber. A presen- "The Ethics of Pacifism" with author tation of the M.I.T. Deli Series. At M.I.T. Howard Fast. Sponsored by Brandeis "The Time of Singing is Come" Student Center Mezzanine Lounge, Hillel, Golding Auditorium, 7 p.m. Also, Spring Concert Monday, 2nd 12:30 p.m. Optional deli for $3.50. Hillel Publicity Committee meeting in Hillel Lounge, 7:30 p.m. Hebrew Ulpans for beginners and Israelis and Palestinians: Which Way VOTCS or THE TURTLE. intermediates. Beginners on Mondays, to Peace7 with Mordecai Bar-On of Gallery Opening. Watercolors and oils intermediates on Thursdays, 7:30 p.m. 4 Peace Now and Mohammed Milhelm, by Howard Kline. Plus: a celebration of Price Rd., #7, Allston. Call 267-3600 or deported West Bank mayor. Sponsored Cole Porter tunes by Hope Devinish and Sunday, April 22 at 3:30 p.m. 782-2909 for more details. by New Jewish Agenda and American Rob McGlaughlin. Reception follows. Friends Service Committee. MIT Room Young Adult Center, 7:30 p.m. Free. PAINE HALL * CAMBRIDGE "Kibbutz: Two Points of View," a 10-250, 77 Mass. Ave., Camb., 7:309, Folk Songs of the Spanish Jews, Romancas, Love Songs, Spring photographic exhibit with the works of $3. Holiday Traditional Music. Reserved Seats, $7.00; $5.00 students and elders Gabriel Palti and Yehoshua Zamir. Toward a Deeper Understanding of Thursday, 12th Continues through April 13th in at CONCERTIX, 12 Arrow St., Camb. 876-7777 Passover, workshop with Lev Fridman, "Sit Back and Relax." Workshop on For further info 566-4042 Wasserman Auditorium on the Gosman Spiritual Director, B'nai Or Boston, 1-4 managing stress with relaxation tech- Jewish Community Campus, 333 p.m. $15, memb., $18, non-memb. Mail niques. Cheryl Kurchin, O.T.R. and Nahanton St., Newton. Call 965-7410, check to B'nai Or Boston, 77 Fordham David Moore, C.O.T.R. Young Adult ext. 186 for more details. Rd., W. Newton, MA. 02165 by April 6. Center. 7:3(1 $1 members, $4 non- Call 244-9156 for info. members. Holocaust Memorial Week continues through April 9th at Brandeis University. Jewish Boston Guide Tonight Henry Feingold will speak on The organizations below have paid a fee for their listing. "The American Government's Re- American Jewish Congress Young Adult Center sponse to the Holocaust." Golding 72 Franklin St., Boston Auditorium, 6:30 p.m. 1120 Beacon St., #G-1, Brookline "DOES THE 542-0265 566-5946 Am Tikva P.O. Box 11, Cambridge, 02138 Zionist House Tuesday, 3rd 782-8894 17 Commonwealth Ave., Boston HOLOCAUST B'nai Or of Boston 267-3600 "Voyage of the Damned" will be shown 2 High Rock Way in Nathan Siefer Hall, Brandeis Uni- Allston 02134 versity, 7:30 p.m. Admission free. Also, Call: Sandy Padow, 734-3109 the Jewish Learning Center meets at 7 NEGATE GOD'S "Davening through music, study, p.m. in Usdan Conference Room A. meditation, and storytelling." On Campus Brookline-Brighton-Newton JCC B.U. Hillel Sutherland Rd. Brookline 233 Bay State Rd., Boston 734-0800 266-3880 Wednesday,4th Israeli dancing Thursdays, "Jewish Education and Social with Combined Jewish Philanthropies 7:30 p.m. Philosophy" with Dr. Herman Pollack, 72 Franklin St., Boston Brandeis Hillel Hillel Rabbi at M.I.T. At Brookline High 542-8080 Havurat Shalom Usdan Student Cntr., Waltham School, 7 p.m. A survey of Jewish 647-2177 thought which explores the relationship DENNIS PRAGER 113 College Ave., Somerville Israeli dancing Mondays, between human values, the individual 623-3376 and the community. DIRECTOR, BRANDEIS-BARDIN Hebrew College 8:30 p.m. 43 Hawes St., Brookline Harvard Hillel 232-8710 Felafel Night at Tufts Hillel. UJA Fund- INSTITUTE, 74 Mt. Auburn St., Cambridge raiser. Baylt, 8 p.m. Jewish Big Brother & Big 495-4696 Sister Association333 Nahan- Israeli dancing Mondays, "The American Jewish Community's ton Street, Newton 02159 8:00 p.m. AUTHOR, The Nine Questions 965-7055 Response to the Holocaust," with M.I.T. Hillel Brandeis founder Dr. Abram Sachar. People Ask About Jewish Community Center 312 Memorial Dr., Cambridge Brandeis University's Pearlman Lounge, 72 Franklin St., Boston 253-2982-7 7 p.m. Judaism and Why the Jews 542-1870 Israeli dancing Wednesdays, Jewish Family & Children's Service 7:30 p.m. Student Center Israelis and Palestinians: A Search for 31 New Chardon St., Boston, MA 02114 Northeastern Hillel Common Ground with Munir Faseh, 227-6641 456 Parker St., Boston former Dean of Students at Bir Zeit MONDAY, APRIL 30 7:00 pm 437-3936-7 University on the West Bank, and Israel Jewish Vocational Service Maizel of the Israel Aliyah Center. Young MIT Student Center, Mezzanine 31 New Chardon St., Boston, MA 02114 Tufts Hillel Adult Center, 8 p.m., $3 non-members. Lounge 723-2846 Curtis Hall, 474 Boston Ave., N#w J % wish AQOIKM Medford Community and Polity: The Role of the 84 Mass. Ave., Cambridge P.O. Box 787, Cambridge 02139 381-3242 Jewish Community in Government 497-6676 or 522-5922 Welle»ley Hillel and Politics, featuring Congressman One Generation After 235-0320 Barney Frank. Part of Government and 17 Commonwealth Ave., Other Outlying Hillel* Politics in Jewish Perspective series. Boston, MA 02116 266-3882 Hebrew College, 7:30. Series, $35, $20 Contact: Ruth Bork, 437-2675 stu.; individual program: $7, $5 stu. Holocaust Memorial Service The Abramowitz UAHC College Education Dept. precedes lecture Tempi* Ohabei Shalom Arthur Schatz, Joni-Sue Binderman, Memorial Lecture 1187 Beacon Street, Brookline directors Friday, 6th of MIT Hillel A Reform congregation — Dai- 1330 Beacon St., Brookline Shabbat Services, B'nai Or, call ly egalitarian minyan morning 277-1655 734-3109 for info. Information — 253-2982 and evening 277-6610

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