Chapter 4 Community Organizing and Community Economic Development

Home , Community development, Community organizing

"∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ∞∫ ´∞∫ª∞µ™ª ≠π∂¥ ©∂ªØ ®´Ω∂™®™¿ ®µ´ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ¨™∂µ∂¥∞™

´¨Ω¨≥∂∑¥¨µª 4 µ≥∞≤¨ ®´Ω∂™®™¿ ∞ª ´∂¨∫ µ∂ª ∞µΩ∂≥Ω¨ ∫∑¨®≤∞µÆ ∂ºª ∂µ©¨Ø®≥≠∂≠ªØ¨ ®≠≠¨™ª¨´

™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ (ª ∞µΩ∂≥Ω¨∫ ´∞π¨™ª≥¿¥∂©∞≥∞¡∞µÆ ªØ¨ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ª∂ ≠∞π∫ª ∞´¨µª∞≠¿ ªØ¨µ π¨∫∂≥Ω¨

ªØ¨ ∞∫∫º¨∫ ªØ®ª ®≠≠¨™ª ∞ª (ª ´∞≠≠¨π∫ ≠π∂¥ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ¨™∂µ∂¥∞™ ´¨Ω¨≥∂∑¥¨µª "$# ∞µ ªØ®ª

∞ª ∞∫ µ∂ª µ¨™¨∫∫®π∞≥¿ ≠∂™º∫¨´ ∂µ ±∂© ™π¨®ª∞∂µ æ ¨®≥ªØ ©º∞≥´∞µÆ Ø∂º∫∞µÆ ´¨Ω¨≥∂∑¥¨µª ∂π

∂ªØ¨π ≠∂π¥∫ ∂≠ ¨™∂µ∂¥∞™ π¨Ω∞ª®≥∞¡®ª∞∂µ "∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ∂≠ª¨µ ∑π¨™¨´¨∫ "$#

∑π∂±¨™ª∫ 3Ø¨π¨ ∞∫ ® µ®ªºπ®≥ ª¨µ∫∞∂µ ©¨ªæ ¨¨µ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ®µ´ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿

¨™∂µ∂¥∞™ ´¨Ω¨≥∂∑¥¨µª ®∫ æ ¨≥≥ ®∫ ® µ®ªºπ®≥ ∫¿¥©∞∂∫∞∫ 3Ø¨ ª¨µ∫∞∂µ ®π∞∫¨∫ ≠π∂¥ ªØ¨ ≠®™ª

ªØ®ª ªØ¨ ∑π∞¥®π¿ π¨∏º∞π¨¥¨µª ≠∂π ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ∞∫ ∑®πª∞™∞∑®ª∞∂µ ´¨¥∂™π®™¿ 3Ø¨ ∑π∞¥®π¿

´¨¥®µ´∫ ∂≠ "$# ®π¨ º∫º®≥≥¿ ªØ¨ ∑π∂´º™ª∞∂µ ∂≠ ©π∞™≤∫ ®µ´ ¥∂πª®π ∑π∂±¨™ª∫ ∂π ∂ªØ¨π

≠∂π¥∫ ∂≠ ®∫∫¨ª ©º∞≥´∞µÆ $≠≠∞™∞¨µ™¿ ®™™∂ºµª®©∞≥∞ª¿ ®µ´ ªØ¨ ∫º∑∑∂πª ∂≠ ¨∫ª®©≥∞∫Ø¨´

∑∂≥∞ª∞™®≥ ®µ´ ≠∞µ®µ™∞®≥ ∞µ∫ª∞ªºª∞∂µ∫ ®π¨ Ω¨π¿ ∞¥∑∂πª®µª ≠∂π "$# 3Ø¨∫¨ π¨∏º∞π¨¥¨µª∫ ®π¨

∂≠ª¨µ ∞µ ™∂µ≠≥∞™ª æ ∞ªØ ªØ¨ µ¨¨´∫ ∂≠ ® ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡®ª∞∂µ ª∂ ©¨ ≠π¨¨ ª∂ ´∂ ®´Ω∂™®™¿

∂π ´∞π¨™ª ®™ª∞∂µ æ ∞ªØ ªØ¨∫¨ ∫®¥¨ ∞µ∫ª∞ªºª∞∂µ∫%

Methods of Community Organizing (µ ¥∂∫ª ∫ªπ®ª¨Æ∞¨∫ ∂≠ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ªØ¨ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ∞∫ Æº∞´¨´ ©¿ ®µ &∂ºª∫∞´¨'

∑π∂≠¨∫∫∞∂µ®≥ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡¨π ∂π ª¨®¥ ∂≠ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡¨π∫ 2∂¥¨ª∞¥¨∫ ªØ∂ºÆØ

∞µ´∞Æ¨µ∂º∫ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡¨π∫ ¨¥¨πÆ¨ ª∂ ¥∂©∞≥∞¡¨ ªØ¨ ¨≠≠∂πª 3Ø¨ ∑π∂≠¨∫∫∞∂µ®≥ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡¨π)∫ ¥®∞µ

±∂© ∞∫ ª∂ ∞´¨µª∞≠¿ ®µ´ ªπ®∞µ ≥¨®´¨π∫Ø∞∑ ≠π∂¥ ªØ¨ ª®πÆ¨ª ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ 3Ø¨π¨ ®π¨ ¥®µ¿

1 It is possible to find examples of models which manage to combine organizing, advocacy and community economic development activities. One such is Boston’s (Roxbury) Dudley Street Neighborhood Initiative. (The work of this organization is described in Peter Medoff and Holly Sklar’s book, Streets of Hope, South End Press, Boston, 1994). This book is required reading for those about to engage in major urban revitalization projects. It offers an example of truly comprehensive community planning and development.

4-1 Economic Justice How-To M anual

©∂∂≤∫ ªØ®ª ´¨∫™π∞©¨ ªØ¨ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡¨π)∫ π∂≥¨ ¥∂µÆ ªØ¨ ¥∂∫ª º∫¨≠º≥ ®π¨ 2∞ * ®Øµ)∫ ªæ ∂

©∂∂≤∫ '∂æ/¨∂∑≥¨&¨ª/∂æ¨π®µ´ .πÆ®µ∞¡¨ 2®º≥ ≥∞µ∫≤¿)∫ 1¨Ω¨∞≥≥¨≠∂π1®´∞™®≥∫ ®µ´ 1º≥¨∫

≠∂π1®´∞™®≥∫ ®π¨ Æπ¨®ª ©®™≤Æπ∂ºµ´ π¨®´∞µÆ ©ºª µ∂ª ∫∂ ¥º™Ø ® Æº∞´¨ ª∂ ™ºππ¨µª ∑π®™ª∞™¨

®≥ªØ∂ºÆØ ≥∞µ∫≤¿)∫ ∑π∞µ™∞∑≥¨∫ π¨¥®∞µ ©¨Ø∞µ´ ∫∂¥¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ¥∂∫ª ∑π∂¥∞µ¨µª ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ

∫ªπ®ª¨Æ∞¨∫

3Ø¨ ≥∞µ∫≤¿ ∫™Ø∂∂≥ ∂≠ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ∞µ ∞ª∫ ∑ºπ¨∫ª ≠∂π¥ ª®≤¨∫ ® ´∞¥ Ω∞¨æ ∂≠

&Ω®≥º¨∫' ®µ´ ≠∂™º∫¨∫ ∂µ ®∫∫¨¥©≥∞µÆ ∑∂æ¨π ∫∂ ªØ®ª ªØ¨ ∂∑∑π¨∫∫¨´ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ™®µ æ ∞µ

3Ø∞∫ ¥¨ªØ∂´ ´∂¨∫ µ∂ª ∫Ø¿ ®æ ®¿ ≠π∂¥ ™∂µ≠≥∞™ª (ª ≥∞≤¨∫ ª∂ Æ¨ª ªØ¨ ª®πÆ¨ª¨´ ™∂π∑∂π®ª¨ ∂π

∑º©≥∞™ ∂≠≠∞™∞®≥∫ ∞µ ® π∂∂¥ ®µ´ ®∑∑≥¿ ∑π¨∫∫ºπ¨ ≠π∂¥ ® ≥®πÆ¨ µº¥©¨π ∂≠ ®πª∞™º≥®ª¨ ∑¨∂∑≥¨

3Ø¨ πº≥¨∫ ∂≠ ™∞Ω∞≥∞ª¿ ®µ´ ≠®∞π ∑≥®¿ ®π¨ ∞Æµ∂π¨´ ∞µ ≠®Ω∂π ∂≠ ™≥¨®π ´¨≥∞Ω¨π¿ ∂≠ ªØ¨ Æπ∂º∑)∫

´¨¥®µ´∫ 3Ø∞∫ ≠∂™º∫ ∂µ ªØ¨ π®æ ¨ø¨π™∞∫¨ ∂≠ ∑∂æ ¨π ¥®¿ ¥®≤¨ ∫∂¥¨ ∑¨∂∑≥¨ ∂≠ ≠®∞ªØ

ºµ™∂¥≠∂πª®©≥¨ 3Ø¨∫¨ ∑¨∂∑≥¨ ¥®¿ Ø∞π¨ ≥∞µ∫≤¿ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡¨π∫ ∂π ™∂µ∫º≥ª®µª∫ ª∂ Ø¨≥∑ ©ºª ´∂

µ∂ª π¨®≥≥¿ ®™™¨∑ª ªØ¨∞π ∞´¨∂≥∂Æ¿ . ªØ¨π∫ ∫º™™¨¨´ ∞µ ´¨≠∞µ∞µÆ ® ªØ¨∂≥∂Æ∞™®≥ π®ª∞∂µ®≥¨ ≠∂π

ªØ¨ ¨ø¨π™∞∫¨ ∂≠ ∑∂æ ¨π

3Ø¨ ¥∂Ω¨¥¨µª ∞µ∫∑∞π¨´ ©¿ 2®º≥ ≥∞µ∫≤¿ ™∂µª∞µº¨∫ ª∂ ¨Ω∂≥Ω¨ )∂Øµ , ™* µ∞ÆØª ® ≠∂π¥¨π

≥∞µ∫≤¿ ®∫∫∂™∞®ª¨ µ∂æ ª¨®™Ø¨∫ ®∫∫¨ª ©®∫¨´ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ´¨Ω¨≥∂∑¥¨µª !"# 3Ø∞∫

¥¨ªØ∂´ ®∫∫º¥¨∫ ªØ®ª ªØ¨ ∞µ∫ª∞ªºª∞∂µ∫ æ Ø∞™Ø º∫¨´ ª∂ ©¨ ∫∂ ∞¥∑∂πª®µª ª∂ ¥∂©∞≥∞¡¨ ≥®©∂π

ºµ∞∂µ∫ ™Øºπ™Ø¨∫ ®π¨ µ∂ ≥∂µÆ¨π ∑π¨∫¨µª ∞µ ≥∂æ ∞µ™∂¥¨ ºπ©®µ ®π¨®∫ ∞µ ®µ¿ ≠∂π™¨

+∞≤¨æ ∞∫¨ ªØ¨ &ª®πÆ¨ª' ∞µ∫ª∞ªºª∞∂µ∫ ≠∞µ®µ™∞®≥ ∞µ∫ª∞ªºª∞∂µ∫ ™∂π∑∂π®ª∞∂µ∫ Ø®Ω¨ ≥¨≠ª ªØ¨ ∂≥´

µ¨∞ÆØ©∂πØ∂∂´ 3Ø¨π¨≠∂π¨ ªØ¨ ∂≥´ ¥¨ªØ∂´∫ ©®∫¨´ ∂µ ™≥®∫∫ ™∂µ≠≥∞™ª µ∂ ≥∂µÆ¨π æ ∂π≤

Ø¨µ™¨ ªØ¨ ∞¥∑∂πª®µ™¨ ∂≠ ¥®∑∑∞µÆ ªØ¨ ®∫∫¨ª∫ ªØ®ª ∫ª∞≥≥ ¨ø∞∫ª ∞µ ªØ¨ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ®µ´

´¨Ω¨≥∂∑∞µÆ ∑®πªµ¨π∫Ø∞∑ ∞µ∫ª∞ªºª∞∂µ∫ ª∂ ¥®≤¨ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ´¨Ω¨≥∂∑¥¨µª Ø®∑∑¨µ 3Ø∞∫

¥¨ªØ∂´∂≥∂Æ¿ ∞∫ ´¨∫™π∞©¨´ ∞µ ® ©∂∂≤ ©¿ , ™* µ∞ÆØª ®µ´ )∂Øµ * π¨ª¡¥®µ !º∞≥´∞µÆ

"∂¥¥ºµ∞ª∞¨∫≠π∂¥ªØ¨(µ∫∞´¨.ºª "¨µª¨π ≠∂π 4 π©®µ ≠≠®∞π∫ ®µ´ /∂≥∞™¿ 1 ¨∫¨®π™Ø

- ∂πªØæ ¨∫ª¨πµ 4 µ∞Ω¨π∫∞ª¿ , ®µ¿ 4 µ∞ª¨´ 6 ®¿∫ ≠∂ºµ´®ª∞∂µ∫ ®µ´ ™Øºπ™Ø ∂πÆ®µ∞¡®ª∞∂µ∫

Ø®Ω¨ ®´∂∑ª¨´ , ™* µ∞ÆØª)∫ ∑Ø∞≥∂∫∂∑Ø¿ ®µ´ ¥¨ªØ∂´∂≥∂Æ¿ (ª∫ ™π∞ª∞™∫ ∫®¿ ªØ®ª ∞ª ∞Æµ∂π¨∫

4-2

Chapter 4 é Community O rganizing and Community Economic Development

™∂µ≠≥∞™ª ªØ¨∂π¿ ®µ´ ∞∫∫º¨∫ ®∫∫∂™∞®ª¨´ æ ∞ªØ π®™¨ ®µ´ ™≥®∫∫ ©ºª ®∫∫¨ª ©®∫¨´ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿

´¨Ω¨≥∂∑¥¨µª !"# ∞∫ ªØ¨ ™ºππ¨µª ∑π¨Ω®∞≥∞µÆ ªØ¨∂π¿ ®µ´ ¥¨ªØ∂´ ∞µ ∫∂¥¨

™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª∞¨∫

µ∂ªØ¨π &∫™Ø∂∂≥) ∂≠ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ∞∫ ∂µ¨ ©®∫¨´ ∂µ ∞´¨µª∞ª¿ 3Ø∞∫ ∞∫ µ∂ª π¨®≥≥¿ ® ∫™Ø∂∂≥ ∞µ

ªØ¨ ∫¨µ∫¨ ∂≠ Ø®Ω∞µÆ ∞ª∫ ∂æ µ ∫¨ª ∂≠ ªπ®∞µ∞µÆ ®µ´ ª¨™Øµ∞™®≥ ®∫∫∞∫ª®µ™¨ ™¨µª¨π∫ 3Ø∞∫

®∑∑π∂®™Ø ª∂ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ©∂ππ∂æ ∫ ¥¨ªØ∂´∫ ≠π∂¥ ∂ªØ¨π ∫™Ø∂∂≥∫ ®µ´ ≠∂™º∫¨∫ ∂µ Æ®∞µ∞µÆ

∑∂æ ¨π ∂µ ©¨Ø®≥≠ ∂≠ ® ∫∑¨™∞≠∞™ Æπ∂º∑ ©®∫¨´ ∂µ ªØ¨∞π ∞´¨µª∞ª¿ π®™∞®≥ ¨ªØµ∞™ Æ¨µ´¨π ∫¨øº®≥

∂π∞¨µª®ª∞∂µ "Øºπ™Ø6©®∫¨´ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ≥∞≤¨æ ∞∫¨ ©∂ππ∂æ ∫ ¥¨ªØ∂´∫ ≠π∂¥

≥∞µ∫≤¿ ®µ´ !"# 3Ø∞∫ ª¿∑¨ ∂≠ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ≠∂™º∫¨∫ ∂µ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ™∂µÆπ¨Æ®ª∞∂µ∫ ∂π

™∂®≥∞ª∞∂µ∫ ∂≠ ¥¨¥©¨π∫ ∂≠ ∫¨Ω¨π®≥ ™∂µÆπ¨Æ®ª∞∂µ∫ (ª ™®µ ≠∂™º∫ ∂µ ® µ¨∞ÆØ©∂πØ∂∂´ ™∞ª¿

™∂ºµª¿ ¥¨ªπ∂∑∂≥∞ª®µ ®π¨® ¨ª™ 3Ø¨ , . 2 ∑π∂±¨™ª ∞∫ ®µ ¨ø®¥∑≥¨ ∂≠ ® µ®ª∞∂µ®≥ ≠®∞ªØ6

©®∫¨´ ¥∂Ω¨¥¨µª 2∂¥¨ ™∂µÆπ¨Æ®ª∞∂µ∫ ≠∂™º∫ ªØ¨∞π ¨µ¨πÆ¿ ∂µ ∑π∂Ω∞´∞µÆ ∫º∑∑∂πª ≠∂π ªØ¨

∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ™®¥∑®∞Æµ∫ ∂≠ æ ∂π≤¨π∫ ∞µ ∫∑¨™∞≠∞™ ∫¨™ª∞∂µ∫ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ¨™∂µ∂¥¿ ∫º™Ø ®∫ ≠®π¥

æ ∂π≤¨π∫ ∂π Ø∂ª¨≥ æ ∂π≤¨π∫ ∫¨¨ ´Ω∂™®™¿ ∫¨™ª∞∂µ

Church-Based Community Organizing µ∂ªØ¨π ∫™Ø∂∂≥ ∂≠ ™∂µª¨¥∑∂π®π¿ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡¨π∫ ∞∫ ™Øºπ™Ø6©®∫¨´ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ

3Ø∞∫ ª¿∑¨ ∂≠ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ∫¨¨≤∫ ª∂ ºª∞≥∞¡¨ ªØ¨ ®≥π¨®´¿ ¨ø∞∫ª∞µÆ ∞µ∫ª∞ªºª∞∂µ®≥ ©®∫¨ ∂≠

™Øºπ™Ø¨∫ ª∂ ¥∂©∞≥∞¡¨ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ π¨Ω∞ª®≥∞¡®ª∞∂µ ®™ª∞Ω∞ª∞¨∫ "Øºπ™Ø6©®∫¨´ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ™®µ

º∫¨ ¨∞ªØ¨π ®µ ∞∫∫º¨ ®∑∑π∂®™Ø ∂π ®µ ®∫∫¨ª6©®∫¨´ ®∑∑π∂®™Ø ∂π ∫∂¥¨ Ø¿©π∞´ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ªæ ∂

¥∂µÆ ªØ¨ ¥∂´¨≥∫ ∂≠ ™Øºπ™Ø6©®∫¨´ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ≥∞∫ª¨´ ∞µ ªØ∞∫ ¥®µº®≥ ®π¨ %π¨∫Ø

, ∞µ∞∫ªπ∞¨∫ ∞µ )®™≤∫∂µΩ∞≥≥¨ !4 (+# ∞µ !®≥ª∞¥∂π¨ ®µ´ ªØ¨ - ¨Ø¨¥∞®Ø /π∂±¨™ª ∞µ ªØ¨ 2∂ºªØ

!π∂µø ®µ´ $®∫ª !π∂∂≤≥¿µ ®µ´ ªØ¨ !π®´Ø¨®π∫ª /π∂±¨™ª ∞µ ' ®π≥¨¥ ∞µ - ¨æ 8 ∂π≤ "∞ª¿

"Øºπ™Ø6©®∫¨´ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡®ª∞∂µ∫ ∂≠ª¨µ ∫¨¨≤ ª∂ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡¨ ®≥≥ ªØ¨ ™Øºπ™Ø¨∫ ∞µ ®

µ¨∞ÆØ©∂πØ∂∂´ ∂π ¨Ω¨µ ∞µ ® ¥¨ªπ∂∑∂≥∞ª®µ ®π¨® ¥∂µÆ ªØ¨ ´¨µ∂¥∞µ®ª∞∂µ∫ ªØ¨ 4 µ∞ª¨´

"Øºπ™Ø ∂≠ "Øπ∞∫ª Ø®∫ ©¨¨µ ¥∂∫ª ®™ª∞Ω¨ ∞µ ∑π∂¥∂ª∞µÆ ªØ∞∫ ¥∂´¨≥ 3Ø¨ "®ªØ∂≥∞™

"®¥∑®∞Æµ ≠∂π ' º¥®µ # ¨Ω¨≥∂∑¥¨µª ""' # Ø®∫ Æ¨µ¨π®≥≥¿ ∑π¨≠¨ππ¨´ ªØ¨ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿6

4-3 Economic Justice How-To M anual

©®∫¨´ ¥∂´¨≥ ""' # Ø®∫ ≠ºµ´¨´ ¥®µ¿ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ∑π∂¥∞µ¨µª Æπ®∫∫ π∂∂ª∫ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ∑π∂±¨™ª∫

®π∂ºµ´ ªØ¨ ™∂ºµªπ¿ 2∂¥¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨∫¨ ®π¨ ´¨∫™π∞©¨´ ∞µ ªØ¨∞π ©∂∂≤ "π¨´∞©≥¨2∞Æµ∫∂≠"Øπ∞∫ª

≥∞Ω¨ ©¿ )∂Øµ / ' ∂Æ®µ . µ¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ™Øºπ™Ø6©®∫¨´ ¥∂´¨≥∫ ´¨∫™π∞©¨´ ∞µ ªØ∞∫ ©∂∂≤ ∞∫ ªØ¨

"®¥´¨µ "Øºπ™Ø¨∫ . πÆ®µ∞¡¨´ ≠∂π /¨∂∑≥¨ "". / ∂πÆ®µ∞¡®ª∞∂µ ∞µ "®¥´¨µ - )

3Ø¨ +ºªØ¨π®µ ™Øºπ™Ø Ø®∫ ®≥∫∂ ∑º©≥∞∫Ø¨´ ® ©∂∂≤ ®©∂ºª ™Øºπ™Ø6©®∫¨´ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿

∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ $µª∞ª≥¨´ #∂∞µÆ)º∫ª∞™¨$"∂µÆπ¨Æ®ª∞∂µ∫®µ´"∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿.πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ %∂πªπ¨∫∫

/π¨∫∫ , ∞µµ¨®∑∂≥∞∫ :;;% ªØ∞∫ ©∂∂≤ ∂≠≠¨π∫ ® ªØ¨∂≥∂Æ∞™®≥ π®ª∞∂µ®≥¨ ® Ø∞∫ª∂π¿ ∂≠

™∂µÆπ¨Æ®ª∞∂µ6©®∫¨´ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ®µ´ ™Ø®∑ª¨π∫ ∂µ ∫º™Ø ª∂∑∞™∫ ®∫ ∑∂æ ¨π ∫¨≥≠6∞µª¨π¨∫ª ®µ´

ªØ¨ ∞¥∑∂πª®µ™¨ ∂≠ ∂µ¨6∂µ6∂µ¨ ∞µª¨πΩ∞¨æ ∫ ∞µ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ 3Ø¨ ™Ø®∑ª¨π ∂µ

®Æ∞ª®ª∞∂µ ™∂µ≠∞π¥∫ ªØ®ª ªØ¨ ®ºªØ∂π∫ ®π¨ π∂∂ª¨´ ∞µ ªØ¨ ≥∞µ∫≤¿ ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µ ∂≠ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ

3Ø¨¿ ®π¨ ®≥∫∂ ´¨¨∑≥¿ π∂∂ª¨´ ∞µ 2™π∞∑ªºπ¨ ®µ´ ∞ª∫ ∑π∂∑Ø¨ª∞™ ªπ®´∞ª∞∂µ 3Ø¨ ≠∞µ®≥ ™Ø®∑ª¨π ∞∫

¨µª∞ª≥¨´ &2∑∞π∞ªº®≥∞ª¿ ≠∂π ªØ¨ +∂µÆ ' ®º≥' 3Ø∞∫ ∞∫ ≠∂≥≥∂æ ¨´ ©¿ ® ∫ªº´¿ Æº∞´¨ ≠∂π ¨®™Ø

™Ø®∑ª¨π ≠∂π º∫¨ ©¿ ™∂µÆπ¨Æ®ª∞∂µ∫

.πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ≠∂π$™∂µ∂¥∞™)º∫ª∞™¨ ∞∫ ªØ¨ $∑∞∫™∂∑®≥ "Øºπ™Ø)∫ ¨∏º∞Ω®≥¨µª ∂≠ ªØ¨ 1 ∂¥®µ

"®ªØ∂≥∞™ ®µ´ +ºªØ¨π®µ Ø®µ´©∂∂≤∫ ¥¨µª∞∂µ¨´ ®©∂Ω¨ 6 ¨ Ø®Ω¨ ∞µ™≥º´¨´ ªØ¨ ™Ø®∑ª¨π

¨µª∞ª≥¨´ "Øπ∞∫ª∞®µ %®∞ªØ ®µ´ $™∂µ∂¥∞™ )º∫ª∞™¨ ®∫ ∑∑¨µ´∞ø " ∂≠ ªØ∞∫ ¥®µº®≥ 3Ø¨ ¨µª∞π¨

∑º©≥∞™®ª∞∂µ ∞∫ ®Ω®∞≥®©≥¨ ≠π∂¥ "∂µÆπ¨Æ®ª∞∂µ®≥ 2¨πΩ∞™¨∫ ®ª ªØ¨ $∑∞∫™∂∑®≥ "Øºπ™Ø "¨µª¨π

æ æ æ ¨∑∞∫™∂∑®≥™Øºπ™Ø∂πÆ<™∂µÆπ¨Æ®ª∞∂µ®≥∫¨πΩ∞™¨∫

3Ø¨ ≠∂ºπ µ®ª∞∂µ®≥ µ¨ªæ ∂π≤∫ ∂≠ ™Øºπ™Ø6©®∫¨´ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡®ª∞∂µ∫ ®π¨=

(µ´º∫ªπ∞®≥ π¨®∫ %∂ºµ´®ª∞∂µ ( % $´ "Ø®¥©¨π∫ # ∞π¨™ª∂π ::; 6 * ∞µ¡∞¨ 2ªπ¨¨ª >ªØ %≥∂∂π "Ø∞™®Æ∂ (+ ?;?%; /Ø∂µ¨= @%:6:A>6B:%% 6 ¨©∫∞ª¨ ºµ∂≠≠∞™∞®≥ æ æ æ ªπ¨∫∫¨π™∂¥<( %Øª¥

4-4

Chapter 4 é Community O rganizing and Community Economic Development

3Ø¨ &®¥ ®≥∞¨≥ %∂ºµ´®ª∞∂µ & π¨Æ∂π¿ & ®≥≥º¡¡∂ # ∞π¨™ª∂π :;@ - 6 ®©®∫Ø Ω¨µº¨ 2º∞ª¨ D;D "Ø∞™®Æ∂ (+ ?;?;% /Ø∂µ¨= @%:6@>E6:?@B 6 ¨©∫∞ª¨ æ æ æ Æ®¥®≥∞¨≥≠∂ºµ´®ª∞∂µ∂πÆ #∞π¨™ª ™ª∞∂µ ®µ´ 1¨∫¨®π™Ø 3π®∞µ∞µÆ "¨µª¨π # 13 )∂Øµ "®≥≤∞µ∫ # ∞π¨™ª∂π @%A - $ :?ªØ 3¨ππ®™¨ , ∞®¥∞ %+ @@%@E /Ø∂µ¨= @;>6>E?6D;:: 6 ¨©∫∞ª¨ æ æ æ ªØ¨´®πª™¨µª¨π∂πÆ /®™∞≠∞™ (µ∫ª∞ªºª¨ ≠∂π "∂¥ ¥ ºµ∞ª¿ .πÆ®µ∞¡®ª∞∂µ /(". )∂Øµ !®º¥®µµ 2) # ∞π¨™ª∂π %E% 2®µª® 1 ∂∫® Ω¨µº¨ . ®≤≥®µ´ " BA?%; /Ø∂µ¨= >%;6?>>6:D;% 6 ¨©∫∞ª¨ æ æ æ ∑∞™∂πºªÆ¨π∫¨´º

3Ø¨∫¨ µ¨ªæ ∂π≤∫ ®≥≥ ∑π∂Ω∞´¨ ªπ®∞µ∞µÆ ®µ´ ª¨™Øµ∞™®≥ ®∫∫∞∫ª®µ™¨ ª∂ ™∂µÆπ¨Æ®ª∞∂µ∫ ∂π ≥∂™®≥

™∂®≥∞ª∞∂µ∫ ∞µª¨π¨∫ª¨´ ∞µ ≥®ºµ™Ø∞µÆ ® ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ¨≠≠∂πª 2¨Ω¨π®≥ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ¥∂´¨≥∫

Ø∞ÆØ≥∞ÆØª¨´ ®∫ ¨ø®¥∑≥¨∫ ©¨≥∂æ ®π¨ ™∂µµ¨™ª¨´ æ ∞ªØ ∂µ¨ ∂π ªØ¨ ∂ªØ¨π ∂≠ ªØ¨∫¨ ™¨µª¨π∫

"∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ¥®¿ º∫¨ ® Ω®π∞¨ª¿ ∂≠ ∑Ø∞≥∂∫∂∑Ø∞¨∫ ®µ´ ¥¨ªØ∂´∫ (ª∫ ≠∂™º∫ ™®µ ©¨

∂µ ¨™∂µ∂¥∞™ ´¨Ω¨≥∂∑¥¨µª ™∞ª¿ ∫¨πΩ∞™¨∫ Ø¨®≥ªØ ∫ª∂∑∑∞µÆ ´πºÆ ªπ®≠≠∞™≤∞µÆ ¨∫ª®©≥∞∫Ø∞µÆ

µ¨∞ÆØ©∂πØ∂∂´ ∑¨®™¨ ∂π ¥®µ¿ ∂ªØ¨π Æ∂®≥∫ (ª ¥®¿ ©¨ ≠∂™º∫¨´ ª∂æ ®π´ ™∂¥∑π¨Ø¨µ∫∞Ω¨

µ¨∞ÆØ©∂πØ∂∂´ π¨Ω∞ª®≥∞¡®ª∞∂µ (µ ªØ∞∫ ™®∫¨ ∞ª ¥º∫ª Æ∂ ∂µ ª∂ ªØ¨ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ¨™∂µ∂¥∞™

´¨Ω¨≥∂∑¥¨µª ∑Ø®∫¨ ®µ´ ¨∞ªØ¨π ≠∂ºµ´ ® "# " ®µ´ ∫∑∞µ ∞ª ∂≠≠ ®∫ ® ∫¨∑®π®ª¨ ™∂π∑∂π®ª∞∂µ ∂π

∑®πªµ¨π æ ∞ªØ ®µ ¨ø∞∫ª∞µÆ ∂µ¨ (ª ™®µ ©¨ ®∫∫¨ª6©®∫¨´ ∂π ∑π∂©≥¨¥6≠∂™º∫¨´ (ª ™®µ ©¨

™Øºπ™Ø6©®∫¨´ ∂π ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ©®∫¨´ 6 Ø®ª¨Ω¨π ∞ª∫ ©®∫∞∫ ∞ª π¨¥®∞µ∫ ªØ¨ ¥∂∫ª ¨≠≠¨™ª∞Ω¨

¥¨®µ∫ ª∂ ®™Ø∞¨Ω¨ µ¨∞ÆØ©∂πØ∂∂´ π¨Ω∞ª®≥∞¡®ª∞∂µ (ª ∞∫ ®©∂ºª ¨¥∑∂æ ¨π∞µÆ ªØ¨ ∑¨∂∑≥¨ ∞µ

¿∂ºπ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ª∂ ™∂≥≥¨™ª∞Ω¨≥¿ ∫∂≥Ω¨ ∑π∂©≥¨¥∫ ∂π ´¨Ω¨≥∂∑ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ®∫∫¨ª∫ 3Ø¨

¥∂´¨≥∫ ¥¨µª∞∂µ¨´ ∞µ ªØ∞∫ ∫¨™ª∞∂µ ∂≠≠¨π ∫∂ºπ™¨∫ ∂≠ ¨ø®¥∑≥¨ ®µ´ ∞µ≠∂π¥®ª∞∂µ ≠π∂¥ ®π∂ºµ´

4-5 Economic Justice How-To M anual

ªØ¨ ™∂ºµªπ¿ (≠ ¿∂º µ¨¨´ Ø¨≥∑ ≠∞µ´∞µÆ ® ¥∂´¨≥ ∞µ ¿∂ºπ ∫¨™ª∞∂µ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ™∂ºµªπ¿ ∑≥¨®∫¨

™∂µª®™ª $- $) ∫ª®≠≠ ®ª ¥¨®¥∂µF ®∂≥™∂¥ 6 ¨ Ø®Ω¨ ∑π∂Ω∞´¨´ ® ´∞π¨™ª∂π¿ ∂≠ ¥∂´¨≥∫ ∞µ

∑∑¨µ´∞ø % +∞≤¨æ ∞∫¨ æ ¨ ¨µ™∂ºπ®Æ¨ ¿∂º ª∂ ∫¨µ´ ∞µ≠∂π¥®ª∞∂µ ∂µ ®´´∞ª∞∂µ®≥ ¥∂´¨≥∫ æ ¨

™®µ ≥∞∫ª ∞µ ªØ∞∫ ´∞π¨™ª∂π¿ ∂π ∂µ ∂ºπ æ ¨©∫∞ª¨

Community Organizing in Practice: Examples and Models

MOSES (Metropolitan Organizing Strategy Enabling Strength) A Gam aliel Foundation Affiliate

, . 2$2 A@D 2ª µª∂∞µ¨ # ¨ªπ∂∞ª , ( AD::? @%@ B?:6>:B; æ æ æ ¥∂∫¨∫¥∞∂πÆ '∞∫ª∂π¿ , . 2$2 æ ®∫ ∂≠≠∞™∞®≥≥¿ ∞µ™∂π∑∂π®ª¨´ ∞µ %BBE ©¿ ªØ¨ ¥¨¥©¨π ™∂µÆπ¨Æ®ª∞∂µ∫ ∂≠ ªØπ¨¨

∑π¨Ω∞∂º∫≥¿ ¨ø∞∫ª∞µÆ µ∂µ6∑π∂≠∞ª >;%™ @ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡®ª∞∂µ∫ ∞µ ªØ¨ # ¨ªπ∂∞ª π¨®

6 ¨∫ª # ¨ªπ∂∞ª (µª¨π≠®∞ªØ "∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ . πÆ®µ∞¡®ª∞∂µ )¨π¨¥∞®Ø /π∂±¨™ª ®µ´ - ∂πªØ¨®∫ª

≥≥∞¨´ ≠∂π ' ∂¥¨ , . 2$2 Ø®∫ ∫∞µ™¨ ¨ø∑®µ´¨´ ª∂ ∞µ™≥º´¨ ™∂µÆπ¨Æ®ª∞∂µ∫ ≠π∂¥

ªØπ∂ºÆØ∂ºª ªØ¨ # ¨ªπ∂∞ª ®π¨® 3Ø¨ ™∂®≥∞ª∞∂µ µ∂æ ∞µ™≥º´¨∫ ?> ™∂µÆπ¨Æ®ª∞∂µ∫ ®µ´ ªØπ¨¨

∞µ∫ª∞ªºª∞∂µ∫ ∂≠ Ø∞ÆØ¨π ≥¨®πµ∞µÆ

/π∂Æπ®¥ , . 2$2 ≠∂™º∫¨∫ ∂µ µ¨∞ÆØ©∂πØ∂∂´ ™∂µ™¨πµ∫ ∫º™Ø ®∫ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ π¨∞µΩ¨∫ª¥¨µª ®µ´ ∫®≠¨ª¿

®µ´ ∂µ ≥®πÆ¨π ∫¿∫ª¨¥∞™ ∑π∂©≥¨¥∫ ∫º™Ø ®∫ ºπ©®µ ∫∑π®æ ≥ ≥®™≤ ∂≠ ®´¨∏º®ª¨ ªπ®µ∫∑∂πª®ª∞∂µ

®µ´ ¨´º™®ª∞∂µ ∞µ≠π∞µÆ¨¥¨µª ∂µ ªØ¨ ™∞Ω∞≥ π∞ÆØª∫ ∂≠ ∞¥¥∞Æπ®µª∫ ≥®µ´ º∫¨ ®µ´ ©≥∞ÆØª 3Ø¨∞π

∑ºπ∑∂∫¨ ∞∫ ª∂ ©º∞≥´ ®µ´ ∫ªπ¨µÆªØ¨µ ¥¨¥©¨π ™∂µÆπ¨Æ®ª∞∂µ∫ ®µ´ ≥∂™®≥ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª∞¨∫ ª∂

©π∞µÆ ®©∂ºª ©¨µ¨≠∞™∞®≥ ∫¿∫ª¨¥∞™ ™Ø®µÆ¨

, ¨ªØ∂´∫

4-6

Chapter 4 é Community O rganizing and Community Economic Development

% , ¨¥©¨π ™∂µÆπ¨Æ®ª∞∂µ∫ º∫¨ , . 2$2 ª∂ ∞´¨µª∞≠¿ ® ∫¨ª ∂≠ ™∂¥¥∂µ ∞µª¨π¨∫ª∫ ®µ´ ª∂

¨ø¨π™∞∫¨ ∑∂æ ¨π ∂µ ©¨Ø®≥≠ ∂≠ ªØ∂∫¨ ∞µª¨π¨∫ª∫ ®´Ω∂™®™¿

: , . 2$2 ∞∫ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡¨´ ª∂ ©º∞≥´ ®µ ¨™º¥¨µ∞™®≥ ∞µª¨π≠®∞ªØ ¥º≥ª∞π®™∞®≥ ™∂µÆπ¨Æ®ª∞∂µ6

™¨µª¨π¨´ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡®ª∞∂µ ªØ®ª æ ∞≥≥ ®´´π¨∫∫ ∞∫∫º¨∫ ∂≠ ™∂µ™¨πµ ª∂ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿

π¨∫∞´¨µª∫ ®µ´ ¥¨¥©¨π∫ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ?> ™∂µÆπ¨Æ®ª∞∂µ∫ ªØπ∂ºÆØ ® ∑π∂™¨∫∫ ∂≠ π¨≥®ª∞∂µ∫Ø∞∑

©º∞≥´∞µÆ ¨Ω®µÆ¨≥∞¡∞µÆ ªπ®∞µ∞µÆ ®µ´ ≥¨®´¨π∫Ø∞∑ ´¨Ω¨≥∂∑¥¨µª ®µ´ ´∞π¨™ª ®™ª∞∂µ

∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ

@ , . 2$2 Ø®∫ º∫¨´ ª¨™Øµ∞™®≥ ®∫∫∞∫ª®µ™¨ ®µ´ ™∂µ∫º≥ª®ª∞∂µ ≠π∂¥ ªØ¨ & ®¥®≥∞¨≥

%∂ºµ´®ª∞∂µ ® µ®ª∞∂µ®≥ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ∞µ∫ª∞ªºª∞∂µ

South Bronx Churches An Affiliate of the Industrial Areas Foundation

@DB $®∫ª %>;ªØ 2ªπ¨¨ª !π∂µø - 8 %;A>> /Ø∂µ¨= E%D6??>6>>?A $¥®∞≥= 2!"Øºπ™Ø¨∫F ®∂≥™∂¥ '∞∫ª∂π¿ 2∂ºªØ !π∂µø "Øºπ™Ø¨∫ æ ®∫ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡¨´ ∞µ %BDE æ Ø¨µ ® +ºªØ¨π®µ /®∫ª∂π )∂Øµ ' ¨∞µ¨¥∞¨π

™∂µΩ¨µ¨´ ® Æπ∂º∑ ∂≠ ∑®∫ª∂π∫ (ª ∞∫ ® ™∂®≥∞ª∞∂µ ∂≠ ™Øºπ™Ø¨∫ ®µ´ ∂ªØ¨π ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿6©®∫¨´

∂πÆ®µ∞¡®ª∞∂µ∫ ≠∂π¥¨´ æ ∞ªØ ªØ¨ Ø¨≥∑ ∂≠ ªØ¨ (µ´º∫ªπ∞®≥ π¨®∫ %∂ºµ´®ª∞∂µ ( % (ª ∞∫ µ∂æ

∂µ¨ ∂≠ ∫∞ø ∑∂æ ¨π ∂πÆ®µ∞¡®ª∞∂µ∫ ªØ®ª ®π¨ ∑®πª ∂≠ ªØ¨ , ¨ªπ∂ (µ´º∫ªπ∞®≥ π¨®∫ %∂ºµ´®ª∞∂µ ∞µ

ªØ¨ - ¨æ 8 ∂π≤ ¥¨ªπ∂ ®π¨®

/π∂Æπ®¥ $´º™®ª∞∂µ ∞∫ ® ∫ªπ∂µÆ ™∂¥∑∂µ¨µª ∂≠ ªØ∞∫ ¥∞µ∞∫ªπ¿ 2∂ºªØ !π∂µø "Øºπ™Ø¨∫ ∑π∂∑∂∫¨´ ªØ®ª

∫¨Ω¨π®≥ ∫¥®≥≥ ªØ¨¥®ª∞™ ∫™Ø∂∂≥∫ ©¨ ´¨Ω¨≥∂∑¨´ ∞µ ªØ¨ µ¨∞ÆØ©∂πØ∂∂´ æ ∞ªØ ≠ºµ´∞µÆ ≠π∂¥

ªØ¨ # ¨∑®πª¥¨µª ∂≠ $´º™®ª∞∂µ ª∂ ∑π∂Ω∞´¨ ≠ºµ´∞µÆ (µ %BB@ 2!" ¨∫ª®©≥∞∫Ø¨´ ªØ¨ !π∂µø

+¨®´¨π∫Ø∞∑ ™®´¨¥¿ æ Ø∞™Ø æ ∂º≥´ ®™Ø∞¨Ω¨ ®µ D;G Æπ®´º®ª∞∂µ π®ª¨ ™∂¥∑®π¨´ ª∂ >;G ®ª

ªØ¨ ≥∂™®≥ ∑º©≥∞™ Ø∞ÆØ ∫™Ø∂∂≥ 2!" ∂∑¨µ¨´ ® ∫¨™∂µ´ ∫¥®≥≥ ∫™Ø∂∂≥ ∞µ :;;: +¨®´¨π∫Ø∞∑

4-7 Economic Justice How-To M anual

™®´¨¥¿ (( 2!" ∫¨¨≤∫ ª∂ ´¨Ω¨≥∂∑ ® ∫∞µÆ≥¨ ™®¥∑º∫ ≠∂π @6A ∫¥®≥≥ ∫™Ø∂∂≥∫ º∫∞µÆ ªØ¨ :%∫ª

"¨µªºπ¿ 2™Ø∂∂≥∫ ¥∂´¨≥

' ∂º∫∞µÆ ∞∫ ®µ∂ªØ¨π ∑π∂Æπ®¥ ¨≥¨¥¨µª ≠∂π 2!" 3Ø¨¿ Ø®Ω¨ ©º∞≥ª ¥∂π¨ ªØ®µ %;;;

- ¨Ø¨¥∞®Ø π∂æ Ø∂º∫¨∫ ∞µ , ∂ªª ' ®Ω¨µ ªØº∫ Ø¨≥∑∞µÆ ª∂ π¨Ω¨π∫¨ ªØ®ª µ¨∞ÆØ©∂πØ∂∂´)∫

∫∑∞π®≥ ∂≠ ´¨™≥∞µ¨ &6 ¨ º∫¨´ ªØ¨ ∫®¥¨ ∑π¨¥∞∫¨ ®∫ )¨∫º∫' ∫®∞´ 2!" ' ∂º∫∞µÆ "Ø®∞π 1 ¨Ω

!¨πªπ®¥ !¨µµ¨ªª &æ Ø¨µ Ø¨ ®∫≤¨´ æ Ø®ª ªØ¨ ©≥∞µ´ ¥®µ æ ®µª¨´'

3Ø¨ ªØ∞π´ ∑π∂Æπ®¥ ≠∂™º∫ ∞∫ ∂µ ∏º®≥∞ª¿ ∂≠ ≥∞≠¨ ∞∫∫º¨∫ 3Øπ∂ºÆØ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ®µ´

®´Ω∂™®™¿ 2!" Ø®∫ ¨≥∞¥∞µ®ª¨´ ∫∂¥¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ ´πºÆ ªπ®≠≠∞™≤∞µÆ &Ø∂ª ∫∑∂ª∫' ∞µ ªØ¨ 2∂ºªØ

!π∂µø ®µ´ Ø®Ω¨ ∫º™™¨∫∫≠º≥≥¿ ®´Ω∂™®ª¨´ ≠∂π π¨≠∂π¥∫ ®ª ªØ¨ ®π¨® Ø∂∫∑∞ª®≥ +∞µ™∂≥µ

' ∂∫∑∞ª®≥

, ¨ªØ∂´∫ % 2!" ™∂µªπ®™ª¨´ æ ∞ªØ ( % ®µ´ Ø∞π¨´ ®µ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡¨π

: 2!" ∂πÆ®µ∞¡¨´ ∞µ∫ª∞ªºª∞∂µ∫ ™∂µÆπ¨Æ®ª∞∂µ∫ ∑®π¨µª∫ æ ∂π≤¨π∫ ®µ´ ª¨µ®µª∫ ®µ´

∑®πª∞™º≥®π≥¿ ∞µΩ∂≥Ω¨´ ™≥¨πÆ¿ ®µ´ ∑∂æ ¨π≠º≥ ≥®¿ ≥¨®´¨π∫ æ Ø∂ Æ∂ª ªØ¨ ™Øºπ™Ø¨∫ ∞µª∂

∑π∂∑Ø¨ª∞™ ®™ª∞∂µ 3Ø¨∞π ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ªØ¨∂π¿ ∞∫ ©®∫¨´ ∂µ ∑∂æ ¨π ®∫ ®

∑π∞¥®π¿ ªØ¨∂≥∂Æ∞™®≥ Ω∞πªº¨

@ 3Ø¨¿ ´∞´ &∂µ¨6∂µ6∂µ¨∫' ®µ´ ≥∞∫ª¨µ∞µÆ ∫¨∫∫∞∂µ∫ æ ∞ªØ ≥∂™®≥ π¨∫∞´¨µª∫ 4 ∫∞µÆ

∞π∂µ∞µÆ ©∂®π´∫ ®ª ©º∫ ∫ª∂∑∫ ªØ¨¿ ∂©ª®∞µ¨´ %;;;;; ∫∞Æµ®ªºπ¨∫ ®µ´ ª∂∂≤ ªØ¨¥ ∞µ

®µ ®π≤ ª∂ ∑∂≥∞ª∞™∞®µ∫ ª∂ ´¨¥∂µ∫ªπ®ª¨ ªØ¨∞π ®ºªØ∂π∞ª¿ ®µ´ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ∫º∑∑∂πª

A . ºª ∂≠ ªØ¨ ∫¨∫∫∞∂µ∫ æ ∞ªØ ≥∂™®≥ π¨∫∞´¨µª∫ ™®¥¨ ªØ¨ ∞´¨® ∂≠ ´¨Ω¨≥∂∑∞µÆ ®≠≠∂π´®©≥¨

∫∞µÆ≥¨ ≠®¥∞≥¿ Ø∂¥¨∫ 2!" ™∂µµ¨™ª¨´ æ ∞ªØ - ¨Ø¨¥∞®Ø ® µ®ª∞∂µ®≥ Ø∂º∫∞µÆ

∞µ∞ª∞®ª∞Ω¨ ®µ´ ©º∞≥ª ∂Ω¨π %;;; ºµ∞ª∫ 2!" ∂©ª®∞µ¨´ ™∞ª¿6∂æ µ¨´ ≥®µ´ ª∂ ≤¨¨∑ ªØ¨

Ø∂º∫∞µÆ ™∂∫ª∫ ´∂æ µ ≠∂ºµ´ ® ©º∞≥´¨π æ Ø∂ ∫Ø®π¨´ ªØ¨∞π ∑Ø∞≥∂∫∂∑Ø¿ ®µ´ ∫¨ª º∑

ªØ¨ !¨º≥®Ø ∑π∂±¨™ª ª∂ ´∂ π¨Ø®© ®µ´ ¥®µ®Æ¨ ∑π∂∑¨πª∞¨∫

4-8

Chapter 4 é Community O rganizing and Community Economic Development

> (µ π¨∫∑∂µ∫¨ ª∂ ¨´º™®ª∞∂µ®≥ µ¨Æ≥¨™ª ∫ª¨¥¥∞µÆ ≠π∂¥ ® æ ∞´¨∫∑π¨®´ Ω∞¨æ ªØ®ª ∞µµ¨π

™∞ª¿ ≤∞´∫ ™∂º≥´ µ∂ª ≥¨®πµ 2!" ≠∂ºµ´¨´ +¨®´¨π∫Ø∞∑ ™®´¨¥∞¨∫ ( ®µ´ (( ª∂ Æ∞Ω¨

≥∂™®≥ ™Ø∞≥´π¨µ ® Æ∂∂´ ¨´º™®ª∞∂µ 3Ø¨¿ ™∂µª∞µº¨ ª∂ ®´Ω∂™®ª¨ ≠∂π ¥∂π¨ ∫¥®≥≥

∫™Ø∂∂≥∫

? 2!" æ ¨µª ª∂ ∑∂≥∞™¨ ∫ª®ª∞∂µ∫ ¨µ ¥®∫∫¨ ª∂ ®´´π¨∫∫ ªØ¨ ´πºÆ ∑π∂©≥¨¥ ®µ´ ¨π®´∞™®ª¨´

∫∂¥¨ ∂≠ ¥∂∫ª ´®µÆ¨π∂º∫ ∫∞ª¨∫ 3Ø¨¿ º∫¨´ ® ∫∞¥∞≥®π ∑π∂™¨∫∫ ª∂ ∂©ª®∞µ ©¨ªª¨π

ªπ¨®ª¥¨µª ∂≠ ªØ¨ ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ π¨∫∞´¨µª∫ ®ª ªØ¨ ≥∂™®≥ Ø∂∫∑∞ª®≥

Community Development Corporations in Practice 3Ø¨∫¨ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡®ª∞∂µ∫ æ ¨π¨ ¨∫ª®©≥∞∫Ø¨´ ª∂ ∂Ω¨π∫¨¨ ªØ¨ π¨´¨Ω¨≥∂∑¥¨µª ∂≠ ∞µµ¨π ™∞ª¿

µ¨∞ÆØ©∂πØ∂∂´∫ ∂π ª∂ ∑π∂¥∂ª¨ ±∂© ´¨Ω¨≥∂∑¥¨µª ∞µ πºπ®≥ ®π¨®∫ 2∂¥¨ ®π¨ ™∂¥∑π¨Ø¨µ∫∞Ω¨

2∂¥¨ ≠∂™º∫ ¨ø™≥º∫∞Ω¨≥¿ ∂µ Ø∂º∫∞µÆ ∂π ±∂© ™π¨®ª∞∂µ 2∂¥¨ "# "∫ ®π¨ ∫∑∞µ∂≠≠∫ ∂≠

™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡∞µÆ ¨≠≠∂πª∫ "# "∫ ®π¨ ∂≠ª¨µ ®©≥¨ ª∂ ≠∂™º∫ ¥∂π¨ ∂µ ∑π∂±¨™ª∫ ®µ´ ≥¨®Ω¨

ªØ¨ ®´Ω∂™®™¿ ª∂ ªØ¨ µ¨∞ÆØ©∂πØ∂∂´ ∂πÆ®µ∞¡®ª∞∂µ 2∂¥¨ ∞µ™≥º´¨ ®´Ω∂™®™¿ ®≥∂µÆ æ ∞ªØ ªØ¨

&Ø®π´' ∫∞´¨ ∂≠ ´¨Ω¨≥∂∑¥¨µª 2∂¥¨ ®≥∫∂ ∞µ™≥º´¨ ® ∫∂™∞®≥ ∫¨πΩ∞™¨∫ ™∂¥∑∂µ¨µª ∫º™Ø ®∫

™∂ºµ∫¨≥∞µÆ ∂π ±∂© π¨®´∞µ¨∫∫

Church of the Messiah Housing Corporation (Detroit, MI) , ∫ %π®µ™¨∫ ' ∂æ ¡¨ $ø¨™ºª∞Ω¨ # ∞π¨™ª∂π :@% $®∫ª & π®µ´ !∂º≥¨Ω®π´ # ¨ªπ∂∞ª , ( AD:;E @%@ >?E6EB?? $¥®∞≥= ≠Ø∂æ ¡¨F ¥¨∫∫∞®ØØ∂º∫∞µÆ™∂¥ '∞∫ª∂π¿ . πÆ®µ∞¡¨´ ∞µ %DEA ªØ¨ "Øºπ™Ø ∂≠ ªØ¨ , ¨∫∫∞®Ø Ø®∫ ® ≥∂µÆ Ø∞∫ª∂π¿ ∂≠ ∞µΩ∂≥Ω¨¥¨µª ∞µ

∫∂™∞®≥ ®™ª∞∂µ ©∂ªØ æ ∞ªØ∞µ ∞ª∫ # ¨ªπ∂∞ª µ¨∞ÆØ©∂πØ∂∂´ ®µ´ ∞µ µ®ª∞∂µ®≥ ®µ´ ∞µª¨πµ®ª∞∂µ®≥

®π¨µ®∫ 4 π©®µ ¥∞µ∞∫ªπ¿ ºµ´¨π ≥¨®´¨π∫Ø∞∑ ∂≠ ªØ¨ 1 ¨Ω "®µ∂µ 2∑®µµ ®µ´ # ¨®µ "∂≥¨ ∞µ

ªØ¨ %BE;∫ ≠∂™º∫¨´ ∂µ Ø∂º∫∞µÆ Ø¨®≥ªØ ¨´º™®ª∞∂µ ®µ´ ∑∂≥∞ª∞™®≥ ¨¥∑∂æ ¨π¥¨µª

4-9 Economic Justice How-To M anual

/π∂Æπ®¥ 3Ø¨ "Øºπ™Ø ∂≠ ªØ¨ , ¨∫∫∞®Ø ' ∂º∫∞µÆ "∂π∑∂π®ª∞∂µ "' , " %∞¨≥´ 2ªπ¨¨ª ∑π∂±¨™ª ∞µ™≥º´¨∫

AB µ¨æ ºµ∞ª∫ ∂≠ ∞µ≠∞≥≥ Ø∂º∫∞µÆ ´¨Ω¨≥∂∑¨´ ∂µ ∫∞ª¨∫ ªØ®ª Ø®´ ©¨¨µ ™≥¨®π¨´ ∂≠ ∑π¨Ω∞∂º∫

∫ªπº™ªºπ¨∫ π™Ø∞ª¨™ª ©π®Ø®¥ * ®´º∫Ø∞µ Ø¨≥∑¨´ ™∂¥¨ º∑ æ ∞ªØ ´¨∫∞Æµ∫ ªØ®ª ∂Ω¨π™∂¥¨

∫∞ª¨ ∫∑¨™∞≠∞™ ∑π∂©≥¨¥∫ ®µ´ ®´´¨´ ®¥¨µ∞ª∞¨∫ ∫º™Ø ®∫ ≠º≥≥ ©®∫¨¥¨µª∫ ≠π∂µª ∑∂π™Ø¨∫ ®µ´

π¨®π ∑®π≤∞µÆ "' , ")∫ !π∞´Æ¨Ω∞¨æ ∑π∂±¨™ª ®´´¨´ :: ¥∂π¨ ª∂æ µØ∂º∫¨∫

The positive catalyzing effect of new infill housing development in a severely distressed urban neighborhood cannot be underestimated. While rehabilitation of existing deteriorated structures is extremely important, the symbolic and tangible rebirth represented by new construction is a powerful revitalizing force attracting substantial attention and additional resources. This is especially significant when the developer is a non-profit, community-based organization undertaking responsibility for the planning, design, development and management of the project as was the case in Island View Village.” Architect Abraham Kadushin.

3Ø∞∫ "# " ®≥∫∂ ®´¥∞µ∞∫ª¨π∫ ªØ¨ "∞ª¿ ∂≠ # ¨ªπ∂∞ª)∫ - ¨∞ÆØ©∂πØ∂∂´ . ∑∑∂πªºµ∞ª¿ %ºµ´ ®µ´

' . , $ Æπ®µª∫ ≠∂π Ø∂¥¨ π¨∑®∞π ®µ´ π¨Ø®©∞≥∞ª®ª∞∂µ ®µ´ ™∂µ´º™ª∫ ∂ªØ¨π ®™ª∞Ω∞ª∞¨∫ π¨≥®ª¨´

ª∂ Ø∂º∫∞µÆ µ¨¨´∫ ®µ´ ∞µµ¨π ™∞ª¿ π¨Ω∞ª®≥∞¡®ª∞∂µ . Ω¨π %>; ®∑®πª¥¨µª∫ Ø®Ω¨ ©¨¨µ

π¨Ø®©©¨´ ", ' " ®≥∫∂ ∑π∂Ω∞´¨∫ ∑π¨Ω¨µª∞Ω¨ ¥®∞µª¨µ®µ™¨ ≠∂π Ø∂¥¨ ∂æ µ¨π∫ ®µ´ ®

∑π∂∑¨πª¿ ¥®µ®Æ¨¥¨µª ™∂¥∑®µ¿ ™¨πª∞≠∞¨´ ©¿ , 2' # 3Ø¨ "# " Ø®∫ π¨™¨∞Ω¨´ ≠ºµ´∞µÆ

≠π∂¥ ≠∞µ®µ™∞®≥ ∞µ∫ª∞ªºª∞∂µ∫ ∞µ™≥º´∞µÆ !®µ≤ . µ¨ ®µ´ "Ø®πª¨π . µ¨ !®µ≤ ª∂ ∑π∂Ω∞´¨

≠∞µ®µ™∞®≥ ≥∞ª¨π®™¿ ∑π∂Æπ®¥∫ ª∂ ≥∂™®≥ π¨∫∞´¨µª∫ ®µ´ ≠∞π∫ª6ª∞¥¨ Ø∂¥¨©º¿¨π∫

Other CMHC services include a senior nutritional food program that serves over 200 seniors and families, and an after-school leadership training program for the city of Detroit.

Methods Church of the Messiah has kept a clear focus on providing new and rehabbed housing as an approach to neighborhood renewal. Other programs support the housing goal. Financial literacy, money management and after school leadership training help people maintain their homes. The senior nutrition program, though direct service, also helps maintain people in their homes by supporting their independent living.

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Chapter 4 é Community O rganizing and Community Economic Development

Relationship to Advocacy The advocacy arm of CHMH and other Detroit CDOs is Community Development Advocates of Detroit (CDAD). CDAD has 90 members. It not only advocates the interests of CDOs, it provides training and technical assistance. Member organizations must be non-profit and committed to “sustainable development that demonstrates grassroots participation and empowerment.”

Community Development Advocates of Detroit The Metropolitan Center for High Technology 2727 Second Avenue, Suite 303 Detroit, MI 48201 (313) 964-4910 Fax: (313) 964-4970 email: [email protected]

Harlem Congregations for Com m unity Im provem ent Affiliated with the Metro Industrial Areas Foundation Contact: Lucille L. McEwen, President and CEO 2854 Frederick Douglas Boulevard New York, NY 10039 (212) 281-4887 Ext. 35 Email: [email protected] www.hcci.org

Harlem Congregations for Community Improvement, Inc. is a premier example of a church- based community organization which combines direct service, advocacy, community organizing, and community economic development in a “holistic approach” to the revitalization of their community. This organization was founded in 1986 through the efforts of a consortium of 16 faith leaders in the Harlem community. The Rev. Canon Boyd Williams is Chair of HCCI.

Program • HCCI has developed over 1700 rental and homeownership units and has 400 in process. • HCCI’s Construction Trades Academy initiative places young men in the Harlem area in construction jobs, providing training in carpentry, woodworking and other interior work. Other work force development initiatives include youth training in computer graphics and robotics for youth.

4-11 Economic Justice How-To M anual

• HCCI’s social services include a sister to sister, peer to peer program for girls, food stamp sign-up, and prenatal care and advice. They provide treatment for young children with asthma. Support for people with HIV/AIDS includes counseling and housing. A state of the art day care center is in the planning stage.

Methods 1. Form an interfaith coalition of congregations using the IAF model of community-based organizing.

2. Assess community needs and opportunities using one-on-one interviews and community meetings.

3. Develop a plan of action, including funding and evaluation.

4. Secure a diversified funding base. (This is still a struggle, as HCCI operates mostly through government contracts.)

5. Develop an appropriate governance structure--in this case a 501(c)(3) not for profit corporation. Assemble an initial funding pool and hire professional staff.

6. Through this process HCCI adopted a model which includes a full range of social and health care interventions. These services help support people as they are assisted in obtaining affordable rental housing or home ownership.

7. HCCI formed a separate initiative to provide counseling for financial literacy, homeownership, and to prevent predatory lending.

8. Operating as a community development corporation, HCCI has developed over 1,700 units of rental and homeownership housing with 400 more pending.

NeighborWorks and Other Housing Initiatives

Several other types of community improvement activities also expanded during the 1970s and 1980s. For example, a number of organizations outside of the CDC framework have also focused their work around the development and rehabilitation of affordable housing – for example, many churches and other faith-based organizations and national entities like Habitat for Humanity and the National Council of La Raza.

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Chapter 4 é Community O rganizing and Community Economic Development

A notable example is the approach implemented by the federally support Neighborhood reinvestment Corporation and the 177 local nonprofits that comprise its NeighborWorks network. The Corporation provides technical assistance and training to its local partners, as well as funding designed to leverage considerably greater investment in neighborhood revitalization. In 1995 alone, for example, $39 million in federal funding resulted in $341 million in private, public, and philanthropic funds being reinvested in distressed neighborhoods. While it has motivated a variety of non-housing physical improvement projects as well, NeighborWorks has emphasized expanding homeownership in such communities. Three years into its recent campaign, 6,530 families had purchased their own homes – often at prices less, or only modestly more, costly than renting.

Habitat for Humanity is a national organization which provides an umbrella for hundreds of local initiatives. Habitat is responsible for the production of thousands of units of new housing for families that otherwise would not have been able to own a home. Habitat projects often join the work of church volunteers with that of a family to produce a new house.

Community Development Loan Funds in Practice The Pelham Fund for Econom ic Justice Charles Wibiralske Associate Director for Community and Economic Development Programs Episcopal City Mission 138 Tremont Street Boston, MA 02111-1318 617-482-4826 x207 www.diomass.org/ecm

The original mission of the Pelham Fund was to respond to the call of the Michigan Plan adopted by the 1988 Episcopal Church General Convention with the systemic change goal of establishing community development intermediaries. The Pelham Fund now makes loans through a network of intermediary organizations throughout New England. Four of these institutions are New England wide. Others, like the Boston Community Loan Fund, serve specific neighborhoods, cities, or state areas.

4-13 Economic Justice How-To M anual

Each of the other New England dioceses has diocesan or parish sponsored efforts. Connecticut runs a fund similar to the Pelham Fund. In Vermont, St. Paul’s Cathedral, All Saints, South Burlington and the National Church have deposits with Opportunities Credit Union. Western Massachusetts has set aside 2% of its endowment for community reinvestment, allowing the diocese to lend money (about $1 million) to two community loan funds. The Diocese of Maine and two congregations have lent to Coastal Enterprises. In New Hampshire, the National Church and approximately half of the 49 congregations invest in the New Hampshire Community Loan Fund.

Michigan Interfaith Loan Fund Michigan Interfaith Fund (Lansing Office) 1000 South Washington Avenue, Suite 100 Lansing, MI 48910-1647 Christine A. Coady, President (517) 372-6004

Michigan Interfaith Fund (Detroit Office) 2727 Second Avenue, Suit 301 Detroit, MI 48201 (313) 964-7300

This program started as the Michigan McGehee Fund (of the Diocese of Michigan) in response to the Michigan Plan of the 1988 Convention. It merged with the Michigan Housing Trust Fund in 2004 to form the Michigan Interfaith Fund.

This community loan fund improves access to capital for affordable housing in low income communities, focusing on urban low-income and minority neighborhoods and rural development. It also works to strengthen the capacity of non-profit organizations to develop facilities where services can be provided to communities. The fund also serves as a vehicle for socially responsible investments.

Other Wealth Building Initiatives in Practice Wealth-building projects focus on building individual, family and community assets. All of the models listed above contribute to building assets but the following are featured to draw attention to this type of community development ministry.

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Chapter 4 é Community O rganizing and Community Economic Development

FRESHMINISTRIES Mr. Michael Bryant 1830 Main Street Jacksonville, FL 32206 904-854-4444 [email protected]

In Jacksonville, workers’ low wages are often completely consumed by high living expenses and a lack of financial literacy can be exploited by unscrupulous lenders and businesses. In this situation, workers are rarely able to save any money towards a major life goal such as owning a home, getting post secondary education or starting a business. Jacksonville’s FRESHMINISTRIES is one of the largest and most comprehensive of the community economic development projects in the Episcopal Church network. Its partnerships and spinoffs include Habitat for Humanity, an affordable housing partnership, First Coast MicroLoan Fund, and a small business incubator (see Beaver Street Enterprise Center, Appendix F). Programs include Individual Development Accounts (IDAs) and helping clients make use of earned income tax credits.

Program FRESHMINISTRIES has implemented four major responses to attack this cycle of poverty and to help low income workers towards financial independence.

Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) Campaigns – with a large part of the credit unclaimed each year, the IRS has teamed with local community coalitions to create volunteer tax preparation sites were people can have their taxes prepared free and electronically. They can avoid the cost of tax preparers and the high interest they charge on refund anticipation loans while applying for the credit.

Financial Literacy Campaigns – as a part of many EITC campaigns, coalitions have joined with groups such as Consumer Credit Counseling to offer financial literacy classes. Wachovia and the FDIC have collaborated on the most well-known free curriculum called Money Smarts. It is usually offered in 5 two-hour segments and helps with family budgeting, credit issues and savings. Get Checking is a related training that allows people to repair their standing with financial institutions so they are eligible to open a bank account again.

4-15 Economic Justice How-To M anual

Individual Development Accounts – the federal government offers matching funds to community organizations willing to raise an equal or greater local match to offer to low income individuals willing to take financial literacy classes and begin saving towards one of three major life goals: buying a home, getting post secondary education or starting a business. A person can have up to $2,000 matched two to one and end up with $6,000 towards one of these goals. Participating organizations agree to provide counseling and goal training while the person saves towards the goal. The participant can also choose to apply a portion of the EITC or tax refund towards the saving goal.

Small Business Development – the fourth major area of programming is the small business development work of the Beaver Street Enterprise Center (see page F-2).

FRESHMINISTRIES also operates a Benefits Bank, a software developed by the National Council of Churches that allows users to determine and apply for all of the benefits for which they are eligible including child care and food stamps. Currently being piloted in two states (one of which is Florida) the software is being prepared for launch in numerous other states around the country. The NCC is looking for community and local government organizations to utilize the software, reducing the need for applicants to go to multiple locations.

Multi-Service Centers in Practice These programs offer a variety of social services to communities or special populations. To request a more comprehensive list, contact the Office of Jubilee Ministries at the Episcopal Church Center, (800) 334-7726, or at http://www.episcopalchurch.org/jubilee.htm. The Rev. Canon Carmen Guerrero is Director.

For more examples see Directory of Ministry Models, Appendix F. See also HCCI, above.

Church of Our Savior )º©∞≥¨¨ "¨µª¨π AD ' ¨µπ¿ 2ªπ¨¨ª - ¨æ 8 ∂π≤ - 8 %;;;: . ≠≠∞™¨ /Ø∂µ¨ :%: :@@6:DBB $¥ ®∞≥ ∂ºπ∫®Ω∞∂πF ¨™∂∫¨πΩ¨∂πÆ

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Chapter 4 é Community O rganizing and Community Economic Development

"∂µª®™ª /¨π∫∂µ /¨ª¨π - Æ # ∞π¨™ª∂π '∞∫ª∂π¿ 3Ø∞∫ ¥∞µ∞∫ªπ¿ æ ®∫ ¨∫ª®©≥∞∫Ø¨´ ∞µ ªØ¨ ¨®π≥¿ %BE;∫ ∞µ - ¨æ 8 ∂π≤)∫ "Ø∞µ®ª∂æ µ 3Ø¨ ∫¨πΩ∞™¨

"Ø∂π®≥ /π∂Æπ®¥ ®µ´ ®µ ®´º≥ª ¨´º™®ª∞∂µ ∑π∂Æπ®¥

3Ø¨ "∂¥∑ºª¨π 1 ¨™¿™≥∞µÆ /π∂Æπ®¥ ª®≤¨∫ ´∂µ®ª¨´ ™∂¥∑ºª¨π∫ ∂Ω¨πØ®º≥∫ ®µ´

: & ®ª¨æ ®¿ ´º≥ª $´º™®ª∞∂µ "¨µª¨π ∂≠≠¨π∫ $µÆ≥∞∫Ø +®µÆº®Æ¨ ∞µ∫ªπº™ª∞∂µ ®µ´

™∂¥∑ºª¨π ªπ®∞µ∞µÆ ª∂ ≥∂æ 6∞µ™∂¥¨ ∞¥¥∞Æπ®µª∫ (ª∫ ¥∞∫∫∞∂µ ∞∫ ª∂ ¨µØ®µ™¨ ªØ¨

ªØ¨ 4 µ∞ª¨´ 2ª®ª¨∫

@ ™∂¥∑ºª¨π ªπ®∞µ∞µÆ ∑π∂Æπ®¥ ∞µ™≥º´¨∫ ∞µªπ∂´º™ª∞∂µ ª∂ "∂¥∑ºª¨π∫ $ø∑≥∂π∞µÆ

6 ∞µ´∂æ ∫ # ∞∫™∂Ω¨π∞µÆ ªØ¨ (µª¨πµ¨ª +¨®πµ∞µÆ 6 ∞µ´∂æ ∫ . ≠≠∞™¨ ∑∑≥∞™®ª∞∂µ∫ ®µ´

6 ¨© ´¨∫∞Æµ

A . ºπ 2®Ω∞∂π)∫ ≠ª¨π 2™Ø∂∂≥ /π∂Æπ®¥ ∂≠≠¨π∫ ªºª∂π∞®≥ ∫¨πΩ∞™¨∫ ≠∂π ™Ø∞≥´π¨µ ≠π∂¥

Æπ®´¨∫ %6D ∞µ™≥º´∞µÆ Ø∂¥¨æ ∂π≤ ®∫∫∞∫ª®µ™¨ ∫∑¨™∞®≥ æ ∂π≤∫Ø∂∑∫ ®µ´ Æπ∂º∑ Æ®¥¨∫

®µ´ ®™ª∞Ω∞ª∞¨∫ ®∞¥¨´ ®ª ¨µØ®µ™∞µÆ ∫∂™∞®≥ ∫≤∞≥≥∫

4-17 Economic Justice How-To M anual

> . ºπ 2®Ω∞∂π)∫ "Ø∞µ®ª∂æ µ ' ¨®≥ªØ %®∞π ∞∫ ®µ ®µµº®≥ ±∂∞µª Ω¨µªºπ¨ æ ∞ªØ 2ª 5 ∞µ™¨µª)∫

' ∂∫∑∞ª®≥ ®µ´ , ¨´∞™®≥ "¨µª¨π

- ¨æ )¨π∫¨¿ æ Ø∂ ®π¨ ª®ºÆØª ¥º∫∞™ ∫∞µÆ∞µÆ Ω∂∞™¨ 3Ø¨ "Ø∂π®≥¨ Ø®∫ ∑¨π≠∂π¥¨´ ®ª

+∞µ™∂≥µ "¨µª¨π "®πµ¨Æ∞¨ ' ®≥≥ 6 ®∫Ø∞µÆª∂µ - ®ª∞∂µ®≥ "®ªØ¨´π®≥ ªØ¨ # ∞∂™¨∫¨ ∂≠

+∂∫ µÆ¨≥¨∫ !π®¡∞≥ ®µ´ ®ª ®µ ¥¨π∞™®µ "®µ™¨π 2∂™∞¨ª¿ ≠ºµ´ π®∞∫¨π

™∂µ∫¨™π®ª∞∂µ∫ ∂≠ !∞∫Ø∂∑∫ ®µ´ ∞µ ® 6 ®≥ª # ∞∫µ¨¿ ≠∞≥¥

E , ∞∫∫∞∂µ & π®∑Ø∞™∫ ∂≠≠¨π∫ µ∂µ6∑π∂≠∞ª ∂πÆ®µ∞¡®ª∞∂µ∫ ™∂¥∑¨ª∞ª∞Ω¨ ∑π∞™∞µÆ ®µ´

∞µ # ¨µΩ¨π

# ∞∂™¨∫¨ 3Ø¨ "Øºπ™Ø ®≥∫∂ ∫¨ª∫ º∑ ≠ºµ´π®∞∫∞µÆ ¨≠≠∂πª∫ ®µµº®≥≥¿ ª∂ Ø¨≥∑ ªØ¨

Ω®π∞∂º∫ ¥∞µ∞∫ªπ∞¨∫ ª∂ ¨¥∑∂æ ¨π ªØ¨∞π ∑¨∂∑≥¨ ∞µ µ¨¨´

¥®µ¿ ™¨µª¨π∫ ™Øºπ™Ø¨∫ ∑π∞¨∫ª∫ ®µ´ ∫¨¥∞µ®π∞®µ∫ µ®ª∞∂µæ ∞´¨ ®µ´ ∞µª¨πµ®ª∞∂µ®≥≥¿

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Chapter 4 é Community O rganizing and Community Economic Development

æ ∂π≤ ∞µ æ ∂π≤∫Ø∂∑∫ ≠∂πº¥∫ ®µ´ ∑®µ¨≥ ´∞∫™º∫∫∞∂µ∫

Rural Community Economic Development in Practice Appalachian Center for Econom ic Networks (ACEnet)

BA "∂≥º¥©º∫ 1 ∂®´ ªØ¨µ∫ . ' A>E;% EA;6>B:6@D>A D;;6A6 "$- $3 D;;6A::6@?@D ∫Ø∞π≥¨¿±F ®™¨µ¨ªæ ∂π≤∫∂πÆ 6 ¨©∫∞ª¨ æ æ æ ®™¨µ¨ªæ ∂π≤∫∂πÆ

ª∂Æ¨ªØ¨π ®∫ ªØ¨ ∑∑®≥®™Ø∞®µ "¨µª¨π ≠∂π $™∂µ∂¥∞™ - ¨ªæ ∂π≤∫ "$µ¨ª ª∂ ≠∞µ´ æ ®¿∫ ª∂

™∂∂∑¨π®ª∞Ω¨∫ ¥∂´¨≥¨´ ®≠ª¨π ªØ¨ , ∂µ´π®Æ∂µ ™∂∂∑¨π®ª∞Ω¨∫ ∂≠ 2∑®∞µ 2¨¨ ªØ¨ , ∂µ´π®Æ∂µ

æ π∞ª¨6º∑ ®ª æ æ æ ®™¨µ¨ªæ ∂π≤∫∂πÆ (µ %BD> "$µ¨ª Ø¨≥∑¨´ ≥∂™®≥ ∑¨∂∑≥¨ ∫ª®πª ª¨µ

4-19 Economic Justice How-To M anual

(µ %BB@ "$µ¨ª ´¨™∞´¨´ ª∂ ¥®ª™Ø ≥∂™®≥ π¨∫∂ºπ™¨∫ ªπº™≤ ≠®π¥¨π∫ ®µ´ π¨∫ª®ºπ®µª∫ æ ∞ªØ

≠®™∞≥∞ª¿ ™®≥≥¨´ ªØ¨ %∂∂´ 5 ¨µªºπ¨∫ "¨µª¨π æ Ø¨π¨ ≥∂™®≥ ¨µªπ¨∑π¨µ¨ºπ∫ π¨µª ∂Ω¨µ∫ ∫ª∂Ω¨∫

®µ´ ≠∂∂´6∑π∂™¨∫∫∞µÆ ¨∏º∞∑¥¨µª ª∂ ´¨Ω¨≥∂∑ ®µ´ ∑π∂´º™¨ ªØ¨∞π ∂æ µ ∑π∂´º™ª∫ ∫º™Ø ®∫

¨µªπ¨∑π¨µ¨ºπ∫ Ø®Ω¨ º∫¨´ ªØ¨ ≠®™∞≥∞ª¿ ª∂ ∑π∂™¨∫∫ ∑π∂´º™ª∫

(µ π¨™¨µª ¿¨®π∫ "$µ¨ª Ø®∫ ´¨Ω¨≥∂∑¨´ ® ™∂¥¥ºµ∞ª¿ ª¨™Øµ∂≥∂Æ¿ ™¨µª¨π ™®≥≥¨´

3¨™Ø5 ¨µªºπ¨∫ Æ∞Ω∞µÆ ≥∂™®≥ π¨∫∞´¨µª∫ ®™™¨∫∫ ª∂ ™∂¥∑ºª¨π∫ ªØ¨ (µª¨πµ¨ª ®µ´ ªπ®∞µ∞µÆ

3¨™Ø5 ¨µªºπ¨∫ ∫ª®≠≠ ∞∫ ®≥∫∂ ªπ®∞µ∞µÆ ª¨®™Ø¨π∫ ∞µ ≥∂™®≥ ∫™Ø∂∂≥∫ ª∂ ª¨®™Ø ∫ªº´¨µª∫ Ø∂æ ª∂ ∫¨ª

æ Ø¨π¨ ∑¨∂∑≥¨ Ø®Ω¨ ® Æ∂∂´ ºµ´¨π∫ª®µ´∞µÆ ∂≠ ≥∂™®≥ π¨∫∂ºπ™¨∫ ®µ´ ¥®π≤¨ª∫ "$µ¨ª)∫

æ ∂π≤ ∫Ø∂æ ∫ ªØ¨ ∞¥∑∂πª®µ™¨ ∂≠ ∑π∂Ω∞´∞µÆ ∫Ø®π¨´ π¨∫∂ºπ™¨∫ ®µ´ ∂µÆ∂∞µÆ ∫º∑∑∂πª

®µ´ ªØπ∞Ω¨

2¨¨ ®≥∫∂ ∑∑®≥®™Ø∞®µ "∂¥ ¥ ºµ∞ª¿ #¨Ω¨≥∂∑¥ ¨µª ∑∑¨µ´∞ø %

4-20