DOCSLIB.ORG

USING PEST PREDATORS: What Works, What Doesn)T ERIC

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
USING PEST PREDATORS: What Works, What Doesn)T ERIC USING PEST PREDATORS: What Works, What Doesn)t ERIC A Publication of the American Horticultural Society March/April 1998 $3.95 MULTICULTURAL LANDSCAPES What Shaped Our Designs TALE OF A TEXAN Benny Simpson's Legacy HOOKED ON EPIMEDIUMS An Addict Confesses NATIVE AZALEAS A Treasure of Eastern Woods a • growers of distinctively better plants. Nurtured and cared for by hand, each plant is well bred and well fed in our nutrient rich soil- a special blend that makes your garden a healthier, happier, more beautiful place. Look for the Monrovia label at your favorite garden center. For the location nearest you, call to ll free 1-888-Plant It! From our growing fields to your garden, We care for your plants. ~ MONROVIA~ HORTICULTURAL CRAFTSMEN SINCE 19 26 Look for the Monrovia label, ca ll toll free 1-888-Plant It ! co n t e n t s Volume 77, Number 2 March/April 1998 ~.. .......,. Members' Forum 4 Irresistible Epimediums 32 Century plant, local treas~wes, mums. by C. Colston Burrell News from AHS 8 These delicate, 10w-glrowing shade plants Lectulre series, soil glue. are liIee potato chips: I t)s impossible to grow just one. Focus 12 Halr nessing pest predators. The Melting Plot 40 by Susan Davis Price Offshoots 20 Amelrican galrdens) like theilr creators, are a A season as a horticultural servant. mix of influences from arMmd the world. Gardeners Information Service 22 Rethinleing fall clean-up, sweetJenrt. Lone Star Super Star 46 by Linda Thornton Mail-Order Explorer 24 Benny Simpson was admired by fellow Plants of the Southl17eSt. Texans both fOir his knowledge of the state)s Natural Connections 26 plants and his eagerness to share it. The allure of algae. Out of the Woods 53 Planting the Future 28 by Richard E. Bir A childfriendly show in Philadelphia)s shadow. Native azaleas alre Urban Gardener 30 adaptable, fragrant, Cottage galrdening, L.A. style. colorful, glraceful- and rarely seen Book Reviews 59 in galrdens. Desig-ners, alrrangements, Mark Catesby, food plants. Regional Happenings 65 Columbia Basin guide, butterflies in Hershey. Hardiness and Heat Zones 69 Pronunciations 70 On the cover: Lilium regale, a native of China, began appearing in our gardens after plalrtthunter E.H. Wilson sent bulbs to Arnold A rboretum in 1908. Lilies were among the first non-native plants blrought to our shores by settleIrs at least 350 years ago. Among the oldest species recorded is the Madonna lily, L. candidum, dating back to 1300 B.C. On page 40, Susan Davis Price begins a two-part series on the influence of immigrants on American gardens. American Horticultural members' Society 7931 East Boulevard Drive Alexandria, VA 22308-1300 (703) 768-5700 fo rum ~ The American Horticultural Society seeks to promote and recognize excellence in horticulture across America. ~ PRESIDENT/CEO LLNDA D. HAlLMAN BOARD OF DmECTORS Officers 1997-1998 WI'tL1AMK'BARRI0K, Pm.D, CHAIRMAN Pine Mountai1~ Ge01;gia KAITMOS5WARNER"FtR-STVl:OE CHAIRMAN Lake Buena Vista, Blerida Ni\,1'>1CY S. TROMAS,SECOND VWJl e~ Houston, Texas WJiLUAM A. PUSEY, S.llCR!IlTAlIT Washington, D. C. CHARtES HENRY S'MlrrH jR., 'I1REASURER Middleburg, Virginia CENTURY PLANT tongs-the latter to pick up pieces from the We had a big (literally) event in our cactus­ smaller cacti. 5J!IERMAN M>LER Bobe Sound, Florida planted front yard this summer. One ofour The leaves of the century plants have L.M. BAKER YR. century plants (Agavesp. ) put up a tall stalk to be manhandled into the wheelbarrow, Winston-Salem, N01·th Carol"na and flowered. The leaves at the bottom of which becomes extremely heavy and is KATMEMNE McKAy BELK the plant were taller than I (I am five-foot­ filled and emptied many times before Charlette, North Ca.·onna eight) and above the leaves the flower spike we're done. The century plants are JAMES L CORfIELD rose 13 to 14 feet. pruned from the bottom up, resulting in DOlVners Gro"e, Illinois Apart from the excitement of such a something resembling a giant pineapple. AiWlEbU S. DANE Boston, Massachusetts happening on our property, we were fasci­ The tip of each leaf has a lethal spine, PA!UL ECKE JR. nated by the fact that the conformation of which can pierce the skin and leave behind Encinitas, Califomiro the stalk is an exact replica of an asparagus a wound that aches unpleasantly. After the DOROTHY T. 1RELAND spear. I find no botanical relationship be­ century plant bloomed and died, as they Birmi'lgiJrom, Ala.bama tween a century plant and asparagus! always do, it took two men with rope and W.ILLIAM R. MMKBN Ins Altos, California Our garden includes several kinds of a tractor to haul it away. THEODORE R. MARsTON cacti-two or three types of prickly pear, in­ Enid M. McClintock Kirkland, Washington cluding cow tongues, all of which are Alamogordo, New Mexico GENE M. MILLER equipped with spines that, I swear, jump Silver Spri11g, M a1·yla1Id out and embed themselves in our arms and Century plant and asparagus are in fact in EGONMOLBAK legs as we go by. Their flowers range in the same order, Asparagales. Mrs. McClin­ Seattle, WqsMngtm color fi'om creanl to bright yellow. We have tock tells us she didn Jt really submit a favorite DUDLEY MORGAN Nashville, Tennessee a cholla that bears beautiful purply red plant story as much as she «Just felt the u1;ge GEOFFREY L. RAUSCH flowers and is reminiscent of a monkey to write!" WeJre glad she did, and since she PittsbU1;gh, Pennsylvania puzzle tree covered with particularly nasty sent us a photograph ofherself as well, she VAJ.;ERlE L. THOMAS spines. Birds like to nest in it. wins her choice of the 1997 AHS Book Alexandria, Virginia Before we planted our front yard with Award winners. Write us a short essay about ROBERT D. VOLl< cacti we thought they would be slow grow­ your favorite plant, and be sure to include a San Marino, California ing and trouble free. While they are easy on photo ofyourself in yourgarden. the water bill, they all need pruning sever­ HIDDEN TREASURES PRESIDENT EMERITUS al times a year, or we would have an im­ DR. H. MARC CATHEY penetrable cactus forest. How about a poll of members to assemble Cacti are no respecters of gardening a treasure-trove of relatively unknown or gloves, and have to be taclded with saw and underappreciated "neat things to see"? 4 THE AMERICAN GARDENER March/April 1998 Did you know that Rockford, illinois, has Jim Reed responds: The comment that we Anderson Gardens, designed in Japanese admired the royal poinciana tree in Bei­ THE AMERICAN style at huge expense? Where is mention of jing was offthe mark. It was at the Hong GARDENER the Klehm Arboretum and Botanical Gar­ Kong Botanical Garden, where it is dens in Rockford? It's outstanding, and cer­ known as (flame of the forest»-also the EDITOR tainly worth a stop ifyou're in the area. common name ofButea monosperma. KATHLEEN FIS14ER Froellinger-Freimann Botanic Conser­ Thanks to your staff, I now k1'/;oW that the MANAGlNG EDITOR vatory in Fort Wayne, Indiana? Even tree I purchased as B. monosperma is re­ MARYYEE sources in our own state don't list it. And I ally an Erythrina, although we aren't sure ASSISTANT EDITOR found a neat little nursery in Warsaw, Indi­ which species. DAVlD J. ELLIS ana, through a Bonsai Club member. GALLE'S AZALEAS EDITORIAL ASSISTANT You get the idea: a cornucopia of read­ SARA Epp ers' favorite little out-of-the-way spots. In your article about Fred Galle ("The Don't leave out the herb nursery in Ship­ Gifted Mr. Galle," November/December) DESIGN AND ART DIRECTION JOSEPH YACINSKl DESIGN shewanna, Indiana. Roderick N. Schueler MEMBERSHIP DIRECTOR Fort Wayne, Indiana DARLENE OLIVER We like the idea! Members, give us details EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD NINA L. BASSUK about why your public garden or nursery is Ithaca, Ntw York special, and include a phone number so we JOHN E. BRYAN can call them for more information. SausaLito, CaLifornia Anderson Gardens were built by Rock­ JOHN L. CREECH ford industrialist John Anderson beginning Hendersonville, North CaroLina in 1978 after he visited Washington Park KEITH CROTZ Gardens in Portland, Oregon, during a lay­ Chillicothe, Illinois PANA¥OTI KELAIDIS over on a business trip. In 1988 the five-acre Denver, Colorado gardens received the American Association 'Choice Cream' RICHARD W. LIGHTY ofNurserymen National Landscape Award Greenville, Deiawa"e and the Associated Landscape Contractors you mention that he has introduced two PETER LOEWER ofAmerica Environmental Improvement azaleas that are still available, 'Choice Asheville, North Carolina Grand Award. The gardens began offering Cream' and 'Galle's Choice'. Do you know ELVIN MCDONALD West Des Moines, Iowa tours in 1984, and in 1997 opened to the a source for them? Sallee Ebersole public seven days a week. This year's season Alexandria, Vi1lfinia begins May 1. For more information contact ADVERTISING AHS ADVERTISING OFFICE Debra Lindley, tour coordinator, Anderson You can order them from Greer Gardens, 4350 DiPaolo Cent~r, Suite B Gardens, 2214 Stoneridge Drive, Rockford, 1280 Goodpasture Island Road, Eugene, Glenview, IL 60025 IL 61107, (815) 877-2525, or fax (815) OR 97401-1794, (541) 686-8266. Their (847) 699·1707' FAX: (847) 699-1703 877-1525. catalog is $3. COLOR SEPARATIONS FILM GRAPHICS WE WERE ZONING STEELE, STILL PRINTER In "A Sensuous Delight"(November/De­ In your list of "75 Great American Gar­ BANTA PU:BLiCA'tlONS GROUP cember), about the Reed garden in Flori­ den Books" (September/October), you Th.Americtln Gard",er (ISSN 1087-9978) is pub­ da, surely the USDA Zone 10 plants that list Fletcher Steele: Landscape Architect by lished bimonthly (January/February, March/April, the Reeds saw in Beijing were not growing Robin Karson as being published by May/June, July/August, September/October, No­ vembcr/Decembe<) by the American Horticultural outdoors.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Supplement of Responses of Leaf Traits to Climatic Gradients: Adaptive Variation Vs
    Supplement of Biogeosciences Discuss., 12, 7093–7124, 2015 http://www.biogeosciences-discuss.net/12/7093/2015/ doi:10.5194/bgd-12-7093-2015-supplement © Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Supplement of Responses of leaf traits to climatic gradients: adaptive variation vs. compositional shifts T.-T. Meng et al. Correspondence to: H. Wang ([email protected]) The copyright of individual parts of the supplement might differ from the CC-BY 3.0 licence. Supplement Figure S1: Partial residual plots for the relationships between leaf traits and the Cramer-Prentice moisture index (α), from a GLM analysis with PFT identity included as a predictor. Each point represents a species-site combination; fitted lines for each PFT are indicated by colours. Figure S2: Partial residual plots for the relationships between leaf traits and the Cramer-Prentice moisture index (α), from a GLM analysis with PFT × climate interactions included as predictors. Each point represents a species-site combination; fitted lines for each PFT are indicated by colours. Only significant PFT × climate interactions (P < 0.01) are shown. Figure S3: Partial residual plots for the relationships between leaf traits and growing degree days (GDD0), from a GLM analysis with PFT identity included as a predictor. Each point represents a species-site combination; fitted lines for each PFT are indicated by colours. Figure S4: Partial residual plots for the relationships between leaf traits and growing degree days (GDD0), from a GLM analysis with PFT × climate interactions included as predictors. Each point represents a species-site combination; fitted lines for each PFT are indicated by colours.
    [Show full text]
  • C:\Mike's Documents\Book\Thirdedition
    Insert as an Additional Taxa For Ardisia japonica: Ardisia crenata J. Sims Coralberry (Ardisia crenulata) C This is species is also known as Spiceberry; Coralberry is a larger version of A. japonica forming a rounded woody evergreen shrub 3N to 5N(6N) tall; the 4O to 6O(8O) long elliptic-lanceolate to oblanceolate lustrous dark green leaves have crenate-undulate margins; the foliage tends to be bunched toward the ends of the stems; the specific epithet refers to these crenate leaves. C Plants have small ¼O long white to pink inverted urn-shaped flowers in cymes in spring to summer; however, the species’ primary asset is the massed clusters of bright shiny red fruits; they are extremely showy, contrasting handsomely with the dark green foliage, ala a holly mimic. C Originating from Japan and Southeast Asia, this species has limited cold tolerance, but good heat tolerance’ it is effective in USDA zones 8(7) to 10 landscapes; plants are prolific seed producers and have naturalized extensively in eastern portions of the Gulf Coast; they are often found along woodland edges, but can tolerate full sun where adequate moisture is available; growth is best in well drained, moist, fertile, acidic to neutral soils; unfortunately, A. crenata can become weedy in favorable environments. C Ardisia crispa (C. Thunberg) A.P. de Candolle, Coral Ardisia, is a similar, but less cold hardy groundcover sometimes encountered along the Gulf Coast in South Texas or as an interiorscape plant. Copyrighted 2005 with all rights reserved by Michael A. Arnold; intended for future inclusion in Landscape Plants For Texas And Environs, Third Edition..
    [Show full text]
  • Rare Or Threatened Vascular Plant Species of Wollemi National Park, Central Eastern New South Wales
    Rare or threatened vascular plant species of Wollemi National Park, central eastern New South Wales. Stephen A.J. Bell Eastcoast Flora Survey PO Box 216 Kotara Fair, NSW 2289, AUSTRALIA Abstract: Wollemi National Park (c. 32o 20’– 33o 30’S, 150o– 151oE), approximately 100 km north-west of Sydney, conserves over 500 000 ha of the Triassic sandstone environments of the Central Coast and Tablelands of New South Wales, and occupies approximately 25% of the Sydney Basin biogeographical region. 94 taxa of conservation signiicance have been recorded and Wollemi is recognised as an important reservoir of rare and uncommon plant taxa, conserving more than 20% of all listed threatened species for the Central Coast, Central Tablelands and Central Western Slopes botanical divisions. For a land area occupying only 0.05% of these divisions, Wollemi is of paramount importance in regional conservation. Surveys within Wollemi National Park over the last decade have recorded several new populations of signiicant vascular plant species, including some sizeable range extensions. This paper summarises the current status of all rare or threatened taxa, describes habitat and associated species for many of these and proposes IUCN (2001) codes for all, as well as suggesting revisions to current conservation risk codes for some species. For Wollemi National Park 37 species are currently listed as Endangered (15 species) or Vulnerable (22 species) under the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. An additional 50 species are currently listed as nationally rare under the Briggs and Leigh (1996) classiication, or have been suggested as such by various workers. Seven species are awaiting further taxonomic investigation, including Eucalyptus sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Florida Exotic Pest Plant Councils 2017 List Of
    CATEGORY II (continued) Gov. The 2017 list was prepared by the Scientific Name** Common Name List Zone FLEPPC List Definitions: Exotic – a species FLEPPC Plant List Committee Florida Exotic Pest Plant Tradescantia spathacea oyster plant C, S introduced to Florida, purposefully or accidentally, from a (Rhoeo spathacea, Rhoeo discolor) natural range outside of Florida. Native – a species Patricia L. Howell, Chair 2012-2017, Broward Tribulus cistoides puncture vine, burr-nut N, C, S Council’s 2017 List of whose natural range includes Florida. Naturalized County Parks, Natural Resources and Land Vitex trifolia simple-leaf chaste tree C, S Management Section, [email protected] Washingtonia robusta Washington fan palm C, S exotic – an exotic that sustains itself outside cultivation Invasive Plant Species Wisteria sinensis Chinese wisteria N, C (it is still exotic; it has not “become” native). Invasive Stephen H. Brown, UF / IFAS Lee County Xanthosoma sagittifolium malanga, elephant ear N, C, S exotic – an exotic that not only has naturalized, Extension, Parks and Recreation Division, The mission of the Florida Exotic Pest Plant but is expanding on its own in Florida native plant [email protected] Council is to support the management of invasive Recent changes to plant names exotic plants in Florida’s natural areas by communities. Janice Duquesnel, Florida Park Service, Florida providing a forum for the exchange of scientific, Department of Environmental Protection, educational and technical information. Old Name New Name Abbreviations: Government List (Gov. List): [email protected] www.fleppc.org Possession, propagation, sale, and/or transport of Aleurites fordii Vernicia fordii David W.
    [Show full text]
  • The Problem of Identifying Mudan 牡丹and the Tree Peony in Early
    Asian Medicine 5 (2009) 108–145 brill.nl/asme The Problem of Identifying Mudan 牡丹 and the Tree Peony in Early China Teruyuki Kubo Abstract The tree peony is a flowering plant found in China, and well-known in Britain. Its root cortex is often used in Chinese traditional prescriptions, such as Dahuang mudan tang, Liuwei dihuang wan, and Jiawei shaoyao san. In contemporary Chinese, the tree peony is called ‘mudan’, and although its beauty was largely ignored until the Kaiyuan era (713–41 CE), a drug of the same name is mentioned in medical texts of the Eastern Han period (25–220 CE). The early authori- tative materia medica, Xinxiu bencao (659 CE), also describes a plant called ‘mudan’, but it is different from the tree peony in form. Curiously, although the tree peony is not considered to be native to Japan, it is described as a specialty plant in the early Japanese gazetteer, Izumonokuni Fudoki (733 CE). This study demonstrates that in early texts mudan’‘ referred to a different plant from the tree peony, and that ‘mudan’ had two remarkable aliases, ‘bailiangjin’ in China and ‘yamatachihana’ in Japan. Today, both aliases are used to refer to Ardisia species. Furthermore, I will demonstrate that the Xinxiu bencao’s description of the mudan closely matches that of the Ardisia, especially the A. japonica species. My investigations therefore suggest that early prescriptions may have used the Ardisia species, not the tree peony. This raises further questions: when and how did the tree peony come to replace the Ardisia? This paper presents the most likely progression of this transition by tracing the expansion of cultivation of mudan for ornamental purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • Managing Turfgrass in the Shade in Oklahoma
    Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service HLA-6608 Managing Turfgrass in the Shade in Oklahoma Justin Quetone Moss Turfgrass Research and Extension Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Fact Sheets are also available on our website at: David Hillock http://osufacts.okstate.edu Extension Consumer Horticulturist Dennis L. Martin Extension Turfgrass Specialist Introduction Light is a basic requirement for turfgrass growth and trim trees to the point where sufficient light is provided to the is often limiting in the landscape due to shade provided by turfgrass area. Turfgrasses need light for adequate survival trees, shrubs, buildings, homes or other structures. Photosyn- and performance, and even the most “shade tolerant” grass thetically active radiation (PAR) refers to the spectral range of will not thrive in heavily shaded areas (Figure 1). solar radiation from 400 nm to 700 nm (nanometers). Plants contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light in the PAR range Plant Selection for photosynthesis. All turfgrasses will grow best in full-sun While warm-season grasses are generally more heat conditions provided their management requirements are and drought tolerant than cool-season grasses, cool-season satisfied. In shaded areas, the specific wavelengths of light grasses are generally more shade tolerant than warm-season available to a turfgrass plant are altered and the amount of light grasses (Tables 1-3). Bermudagrasses (Cynodon spp.) are available can reduce the plant's ability to efficiently perform the most commonly planted lawn grasses in Oklahoma. Ber- photosynthesis. Consequently, turfgrasses can be difficult to mudagrass is relatively heat and drought tolerant but has poor grow in shady areas, and proper management strategies are shade tolerance.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Characterization of Ardicrenin from Ardisia Crenata Sims
    Isolation and characterization of ardicrenin from Ardisia crenata Sims Yuan Ma1, Shangrao Pu2, Qingsu Cheng3, Mingdong Ma2 1Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China 2Department of Resource and Environment, Sichuan Agriculture University, Dujiangyan, P.R. China 3Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chemical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China ABSTRACT A new, effective and economical method to extract ardicrenin from Ardisia crenata Sims collected in the Wolong natural reserve, Sichuan, China, is established. Ardisia crenata Sims powder is counter-current extracted with 80% methanol reflux, decompressively enriched and centrifuged to defat. Supernatant is applied to macroporous resin column (AB-8) with 80% methanol, ardicrenin is isolated by silica gel chromatography with dichlormethane-aceto- acetate-methanol (4:1.5:1) washing, and recrystallized in methanol. The final product which proved to be ardicrenin by analytic procedure including Furier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet spectrum (UV), mass spectroscopy (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is white amor- phous powder with yield of 1.59 ± 0.02%. Keywords: Ardisia crenata Sims; ardicrenin; isolation; determination The genus Ardisia, a Myrsinaceae family, consists (Fujioka et al. 1988) has been proved to inhibit of more than 200 species growing in the warm platelet aggregation; ardipusilioside isolated by climates
    [Show full text]
  • Ardisia Japonica – Established and Spreading in the Wild in Florida by Robert Simons
    Ardisia japonica – Established and Spreading in the Wild in Florida by Robert Simons The genus Ardisia is well known to Florida natural area land managers. One native species (A. escallonioides) is common in southern and central peninsular Florida, and two introduced species have been designated as FLEPPC Category I invasive plant species (A. elliptica and A. crenata). Another species, Ardisia japonica (often called Japanese ardisia in the horticultural trade) can be purchased from nurseries scattered about the United States, and has been cultivated locally (Alachua County, Florida) at San Felasco Nursery and at Kanapaha Botanical Garden. It has never previously been reported to escape from cultivation and establish populations in the wild. n November 1, 2008, Cara Gwalthney (Florida Park Ser- vice District 2) and I discovered three patches of Ardisia Ojaponica in San Felasco Hammock Preserve State Park and had samples identified by Kent Perkins at the University of Florida herbarium. The patches ranged from approximately 6 meters to 60 meters in diameter and were roughly circular in shape. They The appearance of Ardisia japonica is were not connected to or near each other or any other populations distinct from other species of Ardisia of the species, and thus appeared to have either originated from that are reported to occur in the wild in seed or to have been planted. San Felasco Hammock Preserve State Florida. Ardisia japonica spreads as a Park is located less than one mile east of I-75. San Felasco Nursery cluster of low, slender stems less than was located for many years about one mile east of this infestation.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Inferring the Invasion History of Coral Berry Ardisia Crenata from China to the USA Using Molecular Markers
    Ecol Res (2012) 27: 809–818 DOI 10.1007/s11284-012-0957-1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Hong-Yu Niu • Lan Hong • Zheng-Feng Wang Hao Shen • Wan-Hui Ye • Hong-Ping Mu Hong-Lin Cao • Zhang-Ming Wang Corey J. A. Bradshaw Inferring the invasion history of coral berry Ardisia crenata from China to the USA using molecular markers Received: 13 June 2011 / Accepted: 25 April 2012 / Published online: 23 May 2012 Ó The Ecological Society of Japan 2012 Abstract Genetic comparisons between native and invasive populations can be clustered with native pop- invasive populations of a species can provide insights ulations in southeastern China, inferring this region as into its invasion history information, which is useful for the geographic origin of A. crenata cultivars invading guiding management and control strategies. The coral the USA. We further classified invasive individuals into berry Ardisia crenata was introduced to Florida last invasive I and invasive II clusters. Nantou in Taiwan century as a cultivated ornament plant, and has since and Xihu in mainland China are the most closely related spread widely throughout the southern regions of the populations to those, which identify the former as po- USA. Previously, the genetic variation among 20 natural tential sources for host-specific control agents. Our re- populations of A. crenata across its distribution center in sults, combined with the known introduction records, southern China was quantified using seven microsatellite suggest that A. crenata was first multiply introduced into markers. Here we expand on that work by additionally Florida and then secondarily colonized Louisiana and sampling individuals from four other native populations Texas from Florida.
    [Show full text]
  • Landscape Plants for Georgia Contents
    Landscape Plants for Georgia Contents Introduction ............................................................. 3 Definitions of Terms ...................................................... 3 Plant Hardiness Zones ..................................................... 4 Vines .................................................................... 5 Ground Covers ........................................................... 8 Ornamental Grasses ...................................................... 12 Symbolic Forms of Shrubs ................................................. 15 Small Shrubs ............................................................ 16 Medium Shrubs .......................................................... 23 Large Shrubs ............................................................ 28 Symbolic Forms of Trees .................................................. 35 Small Trees ............................................................. 36 Large Trees ............................................................. 42 Editors note: This publication needs major revisions. All plants on the GA-EPPC invasive plant list have been removed from the original version of this publication. Appreciation is expressed to Thomas Williams, Jr., Head, Extension Landscape Department (retired), The University of Georgia, on whose work portions of this publication are based. Also to Gerald E. Smith, Extension Horticulturist (retired), University of Georgia, for helpful suggestions in the original revision. To Will Corley, Georgia Experiment Station
    [Show full text]
  • Appendices, Glossary
    APPENDIX ONE ILLUSTRATION SOURCES REF. CODE ABR Abrams, L. 1923–1960. Illustrated flora of the Pacific states. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. ADD Addisonia. 1916–1964. New York Botanical Garden, New York. Reprinted with permission from Addisonia, vol. 18, plate 579, Copyright © 1933, The New York Botanical Garden. ANDAnderson, E. and Woodson, R.E. 1935. The species of Tradescantia indigenous to the United States. Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Reprinted with permission of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. ANN Hollingworth A. 2005. Original illustrations. Published herein by the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth. Artist: Anne Hollingworth. ANO Anonymous. 1821. Medical botany. E. Cox and Sons, London. ARM Annual Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 1889–1912. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. BA1 Bailey, L.H. 1914–1917. The standard cyclopedia of horticulture. The Macmillan Company, New York. BA2 Bailey, L.H. and Bailey, E.Z. 1976. Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Revised and expanded by the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Cornell University. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. Reprinted with permission from William Crepet and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium. Cornell University. BA3 Bailey, L.H. 1900–1902. Cyclopedia of American horticulture. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York. BB2 Britton, N.L. and Brown, A. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British posses- sions. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York. BEA Beal, E.O. and Thieret, J.W. 1986. Aquatic and wetland plants of Kentucky. Kentucky Nature Preserves Commission, Frankfort. Reprinted with permission of Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission.
    [Show full text]