FAMILY Opistognathidae Bonaparte 1835 - jawfishes

GENUS Anoptoplacus Smith-Vaniz, 2017 - jawfishes [=Anoptoplacus Smith-Vaniz [W. F.], 2017:48] Notes: [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 26; ref. 35243] Masc. Anoptoplacus pygmaeus Smith-Vaniz, 2017. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Anoptoplacus Smith-Vaniz, 2017. Current status: Valid as Anoptoplacus Smith-Vaniz, 2017. Opistognathidae.

Species Anoptoplacus pygmaeus Smith-Vaniz, 2017 - pygmy jawfish [=Anoptoplacus pygmaeus Smith-Vaniz [W. F.], 2017:49, Figs. 2-3, 4A, 5A] Notes: [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 26; ref. 35243] Mexico, Quintana Roo, Arrowsmith Bank off Yucatán, near Cozumel Island, 20°20.5'N, 87°19.4'W, trawled in 240-267 meters. Current status: Valid as Anoptoplacus pygmaeus Smith-Vaniz, 2017. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Arrowsmith Bank off Yucatán, Mexico, Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Lonchopisthus Gill, 1862 - jawfishes [=Lonchopisthus Gill [T. N.], 1862:241, Lonchistium Myers [G. S.], 1935:3] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 14; ref. 1664] Masc. Opisthognathus micrognathus Poey, 1860. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Correct spelling for genus of type species is Opistognathus. •Valid as Lonchopisthus Gill, 1862 -- (Shimizu in Uyeno et al. 1983:401 [ref. 14275], Castro-Aguirre & Villavicencio-Garayzar 1988:115 [ref. 17648], Smith-Vaniz 1997:1074 [ref. 22985], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1376 [ref. 27083], Smith-Vaniz & Walsh 2017:56 [ref. 35628]). Current status: Valid as Lonchopisthus Gill, 1862. Opistognathidae. (Lonchistium) [Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections v. 91 (no. 23); ref. 3111] Neut. Lonchistium lemur Myers, 1935. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Lonchopisthus Gill, 1862 -- (Smith-Vaniz & Walsh 2017:56 [ref. 35628]). Current status: Synonym of Lonchopisthus Gill, 1862. Opistognathidae. Species Lonchopisthus ancistrus Smith-Vaniz & Walsh, 2017 - ancistrus jawfish [=Lonchopisthus ancistrus Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] & Walsh [S. J.], 2017:70, Figs. 2A, 3, 6A, 25, 27, 31] Notes: [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 28; ref. 35628] USA, eastern Gulf of Mexico off Florida, Desoto Canyon, 26°25.2'N, 84°15'W, depth 183 meters. Current status: Valid as Lonchopisthus ancistrus Smith-Vaniz & Walsh, 2017. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Gulf of Mexico off Florida and Honduras. Habitat: marine.

Species Lonchopisthus higmani Mead, 1959 - Mead's jawfish [=Lonchopisthus higmani Mead [G. W.], 1959:104, Fig. 41] Notes: [Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Surinam v. 2 (no. 5); ref. 12009] Suriname, 6°41'30"N, 54°16'W, depth 24 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Lonchopisthus higmani Mead, 1959. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Lonchopisthus lemur (Myers, 1935) - lemur jawfish [=Lonchistium lemur Myers [G. S.], 1935:3, Fig. 1, Lonchopisthus meadi Menezes [N. A.] & Figueiredo [J. L. de], 1971:198, Fig. 1] Notes: [Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections v. 91 (no. 23); ref. 3111] Off Punta Boca Juana, Puerto Rico, 18°31'30"N, 66°14'55"W, depth 150 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Lonchopisthus lemur (Myers, 1935). Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine. (meadi) [Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo v. 24 (no. 15); ref. 21985] Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 32°12'S, 50°12'W, depth 149 meters. Current status: Synonym of Lonchopisthus lemur (Myers, 1935). Opistognathidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Lonchopisthus micrognathus (Poey, 1860) - swordtail jawfish [=Opisthognathus micrognathus Poey [F.], 1860:287, Lonchopisthus lindneri Ginsburg [I.], 1942:366, Lonchopisthus vanderbilti Mowbray [L. L.], in Borodin, 1928:30, Pl. 5 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Current status: Valid as Lonchopisthus micrognathus (Poey, 1860). Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine. (lindneri) [Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences v. 32 (no. 12); ref. 13203] Gulf of Mexico off Padre Island, 27°13.5'N, 96°40'W, depth 42 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Lonchopisthus micrognathus (Poey, 1860). Opistognathidae. Habitat: marine. (vanderbilti) [Bulletin Vanderbilt Oceanographic Museum v. 1 (art. 1); ref. 526] Off coast of Cuba, depth 10 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Lonchopisthus micrognathus (Poey, 1860). Opistognathidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Lonchopisthus sinuscalifornicus Castro-Aguirre & Villavicencio-Garayzar, 1988 - longtailed jawfish [=Lonchopisthus sinuscalifornicus Castro-Aguirre [J. L.] & Villavicencio-Garayzar [C. J.], 1988:110, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, México v. 32 (nos 1-4); ref. 17648] La Paz Bay, Baja California, Mexico, Gulf of California. Current status: Valid as Lonchopisthus sinuscalifornicus Castro-Aguirre & Villavicencio-Garayzar, 1988. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Opistognathus Cuvier, 1816 - jawfishes [=Opistognathus Cuvier [G.], 1816:252, Gnathypops Gill [T. N.], 1862:241, Merogymnoides Whitley [G. P.], 1966:239, Merogymnus Ogilby [J. D.], 1908:18, Tandya Whitley [G. P.], 1930:19, Upsilonognathus Fowler [H. W.], 1946:4] Notes: [Le Règne Animal v. 2; ref. 993] Masc. Opistognathus nigromarginatus Rüppell, 1830. Type by subsequent monotypy. Original spelling Opistognathus, often misspelled Opisthognathus. O. sonneratii is a nomen nudum in 1816; the type species is Opistognathus nigromarginatus Rüppell, 1830 (Smith-Vaniz 2009:70 [ref. 30149]). •Valid as Opistognathus Cuvier, 1816 -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:200 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz & Yoshino 1985 [ref. 6721], Smith-Vaniz 1986:726 [ref. 5718], Allen & Robertson 1991 [ref. 19718], Smith-Vaniz 1997:1074 [ref. 22985], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2583 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1376 [ref. 27083], Smith-Vaniz 2004:209 [ref. 27780], Bussing & Lavenberg 2003:529 [ref. 27787], Hoese & Bray 2006:1073 [ref. 29000], Smith-Vaniz & Allen 2007:35 [ref. 29354], Smith-Vaniz 2009:70 [ref. 30149], Motomura & Satapoomin 2009:99 [ref. 30492], Smith-Vaniz 2010:39 [ref. 30922], Smith-Vaniz 2011:34 [ref. 31597], Smith-Vaniz et al. 2012:20 [ref. 32262], Biswas et al. 2013:1 [ref. 32524], Hiramatsu & Endo 2013:19 [ref. 32573], Smith-Vaniz 2016:278 [ref. 34922], Motomura et al. 2017:93 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:162 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Opistognathus Cuvier, 1816. Opistognathidae. (Gnathypops) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 14; ref. 1664] Masc. Opisthognathus maxillosus Poey, 1860. Type by subsequent designation. Earliest type designation found that of Jordan & Evermann 1898:2283 [ref. 2445]. Correct spelling for genus of type species is Opistognathus. •Synonym of Opistognathus Cuvier, 1816 -- (Smith-Vaniz & Yoshino 1985:18 [ref. 6721], Bussing & Lavenberg 2004:529 [ref. 27787]). Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus Cuvier, 1816. Opistognathidae. (Merogymnoides) [Australian Zoologist v. 13 (pt 3); ref. 4734] Masc. Merogymnoides carpentariae Whitley, 1966. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Opistognathus Cuvier, 1816 -- (based on current placement of the type species). Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus Cuvier, 1816. Opistognathidae. (Merogymnus) [Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 21; ref. 3286] Masc. Merogymnus eximius Ogilby, 1908. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Type designated on p. 2. •Synonym of Opistognathus Cuvier, 1816 -- (Smith-Vaniz & Yoshino 1985:18 [ref. 6721]). Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus Cuvier, 1816. Opistognathidae. (Tandya) [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 4671] Fem. Opisthognathus maculatus Alleyne & Macleay, 1877. Type by original designation. Correct spelling for genus of type species is Opistognathus. Treated as feminine, Art. 30.2.4. •Synonym of Opistognathus Cuvier, 1816 -- (Smith-Vaniz 2004:221 [ref. 27780]). Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus Cuvier, 1816. Opistognathidae. (Upsilonognathus) [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 181; ref. 1455] Masc. Upsilonognathus chaplini Fowler, 1946. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Opistognathus Cuvier, 1816. Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus Cuvier, 1816. Opistognathidae.

Species Opistognathus adelus Smith-Vaniz, 2010 - obscure jawfish [=Opistognathus adelus Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 2010:42, Figs. 2A, 3A, 4-6, 7A] Notes: [Smithiana, Publications in Aquatic Biodiversity, Bulletin No. 12; ref. 30922] Madagascar, off Nosy Tanga, west coast of Nosy Bé [Nossi-Bé], 13°23'S, 48°11'E, depth 5-10 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus adelus Smith-Vaniz 2010. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Southwestern Indian Ocean: South Africa and Madagascar. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus afer Smith-Vaniz, 2010 - African jawfish [=Opistognathus afer Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 2010:45, Figs. 2B, 8-10] Notes: [Smithiana, Publications in Aquatic Biodiversity, Bulletin No. 12; ref. 30922] Maputoland Reef, 2 kilometers south of Kosi mouth, 26°54'S, 32°53'E, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 31 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus afer Smith-Vaniz 2010. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Mozambique and Kenya to South Africa, western Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus albicaudatus Smith-Vaniz, 2011 - whitetail jawfish [=Opistognathus albicaudatus Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 2011:35, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3085; ref. 31597] Fusilier Strait, 11°52.6'N. 93°03.13'E, Andaman Islands, depth 35 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus albicaudatus Smith-Vaniz 2011. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Northeastern Indian Ocean: Andaman Islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus alleni Smith-Vaniz, 2004 - Abrolhos jawfish [=Opistognathus alleni Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 2004:210, Figs. 1, 2A, 3A, 4A] Notes: [Records of the Australian Museum v. 56 (no. 2); ref. 27780] Northern end of Dicks Island in Goss Passage, 28°30'S, 113°46'E. Houtman Abrolhos Archipelago, Western Australia, depth 30-32 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus alleni Smith-Vaniz 2004. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus annulatus (Eibl-Eibesfeldt & Klausewitz, 1961) - annulatus jawfish [=Gnathypops rosenbergi annulata Eibl-Eibesfeldt [I.] & Klausewitz [W.] 1961:421, Pls. 21-23] Notes: [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 42 (nos 5/6); ref. 9344] Ganges harbor, Great Nicobar, Nicobar Islands, Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus annulatus (Eibl-Eibesfeldt & Klausewitz 1961). Opistognathidae. Distribution: Nicobar Islands, Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus aurifrons (Jordan & Thompson, 1905) - yellowhead jawfish [=Gnathypops aurifrons Jordan [D. S.] & Thompson [J. C.] 1905:252, Fig. 4 (not fig. 6)] Notes: [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 24 (for 1904); ref. 2538] Garden Key, Dry Tortugas, Florida, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus aurifrons (Jordan & Thompson 1905). Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus brasiliensis Smith-Vaniz, 1997 - darkfin jawfish [=Opistognathus brasiliensis Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 1997:1104, Figs. 9c, 13b, 20] Notes: [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 60 (no. 3); ref. 22985] Brazil, 23°44'S, 44°30'W, depth 62-69 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus brasiliensis Smith-Vaniz 1997. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Brazil. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus brochus Bussing & Lavenberg, 2003 - brochus jawfish [=Opistognathus brochus Bussing [W. A.] & Lavenberg [R. J.] 2003:534, Fig. 2a-b, 3b] Notes: [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 51 (no. 2); ref. 27787] Off mouth of Río Sierpe, 8°47'24"N, 83°41'36"W, Pacific Costa Rica, depth 21 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus brochus Bussing & Lavenberg 2003. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California and Costa Rica. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus castelnaui Bleeker, 1859 - Castelnau's jawfish [=Opistognathus castelnaui Bleeker [P.] 1859:238, Opistognathus suluensis Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1933:25] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 20 (no. 2); ref. 14019] Bulukomba, Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus castelnaui Bleeker 1859. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Australia. Habitat: marine. (suluensis) [Copeia 1933 (no. 1); ref. 2106] Sitankai, Sibutu Islands, Sulu Province, Philippines. Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus castelnaui Bleeker 1860. Opistognathidae. Habitat: marine. Species Opistognathus crassus Smith-Vaniz, 2010 - stout jawfish [=Opistognathus crassus Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 2010:47, Figs. 2C, 11-13] Notes: [Smithiana, Publications in Aquatic Biodiversity, Bulletin No. 12; ref. 30922] Ari Atoll, reef north of Bathala Islands, Maldive Islands, depth 35 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus crassus Smith-Vaniz 2010. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Maldives (holotype). Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus cuvierii Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1836 - bartail jawfish [=Opisthognathus cuvierii Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:504, Pl. 343] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Bahia, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus cuvierii Valenciennes 1836. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Brazil. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus cyanospilotus Smith-Vaniz, 2009 - blueblotch jawfish [=Opistognathus cyanospilotus Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 2009:78, Figs. 1d, 2a, 3b, 4b, 10-12, 23] Notes: [aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 30149] Koa Raja Jai Island, Phuket, Thailand, depth 25 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus cyanospilotus Smith-Vaniz 2009. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Andaman Sea, Nicobar Islands, Myanmar, Thailand, Sumatra, Indonesia and Bali. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus darwiniensis Macleay, 1878 - Darwin jawfish [=Opisthognathus darwiniensis Macleay [W.] 1878:355, Pl. 9 (fig. 3)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 17573] Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus darwiniensis Macleay 1878. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine. Species Opistognathus decorus Smith-Vaniz & Yoshino, 1985 - decorus jawfish [=Opistognathus decorus Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] & Yoshino [T.] 1985:19, Figs. 1, 2a, 3a] Notes: [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 32 (no. 1); ref. 6721] Naha fish market, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus decorus Smith-Vaniz & Yoshino 1985. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Japan. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus dendriticus (Jordan & Richardson, 1908) - dendritic jawfish [=Gnathypops dendritica Jordan [D. S.] & Richardson [R. E.] 1908:261, Fig. 9] Notes: [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 27(Doc. 640) (for 1907); ref. 2492] Cuyo, Philippines. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus dendriticus (Jordan & Richardson 1908). Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus dipharus Smith-Vaniz, 2010 - tailbeacon jawfish [=Opistognathus dipharus Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 2010:49, Figs. 1D, 14-15] Notes: [Smithiana, Publications in Aquatic Biodiversity, Bulletin No. 12; ref. 30922] Dahlak Archipelago, Um-Aabak, southern Red Sea, shallow snorkelling depth. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus dipharus Smith-Vaniz 2010. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Red Sea (holotype only). Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus elizabethensis Smith-Vaniz, 2004 - Elizabeth Reef jawfish [=Opistognathus elizabethensis Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 2004:216, Figs. 3D, 8] Notes: [Records of the Australian Museum v. 56 (no. 2); ref. 27780] Elizabeth Reef, northern side near lagoon entrance, 29°56'S, 159°01'E, off New South Wales, Australia, depth 0-5 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus elizabethensis Smith-Vaniz 2004. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Tasman Sea, off northern New South Wales, Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus ensiferus Smith-Vaniz, 2016 - ensiferus jawfish [=Opistognathus ensiferus Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 2016:279, Figs. 1, 2A] Notes: [Zootaxa 4196 (no. 2); ref. 34922] Gulf of Mannar, Manauli Reef, Musal Tivu Island (Hare Island), India, 9°12'N, 79°55'E, depth ca. 1.0 meter. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus ensiferus Smith-Vaniz 2016. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Gulf of Mannar, India. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus evermanni (Jordan & Snyder, 1902) - Evermann's jawfish [=Gnathypops evermanni Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1902:493, Fig. 6] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 24 (no. 1263); ref. 2513] Wakanoura, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, Inland Sea. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus evermanni (Jordan & Snyder 1902). Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Vietnam to southern Japan. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus eximius (Ogilby, 1908) - harlequin jawfish [=Merogymnus eximius Ogilby [J. D.] 1908:18] Notes: [Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 21; ref. 3286] Off Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus eximius (Ogilby 1908). Opistognathidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus fenmutis Acero P. & Franke, 1993 - Acero's jawfish [=Opistognathus fenmutis Acero P. [A.] & Franke [R.] 1993:291, Fig.] Notes: [Caldasia v. 17 (no. 2); ref. 22085] Playa Pizarro, Isla de Gorgona, (Pacific) Colombia, depth 63-72 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus fenmutis Acero P. & Franke 1993. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Isla Gorgona, Colombia and Costa Rica. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus fossoris Bussing & Lavenberg, 2003 - fossoris jawfish [=Opistognathus fossoris Bussing [W. A.] & Lavenberg [R. J.] 2003:539, Figs. 3d, 6] Notes: [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 51 (no. 2); ref. 27787] Bay on southwestern side of Isla San José (Isla Cayo), 24°18.3'N, 110°41.7'W, Gulf of California, Baja California Sur, Mexico, depth 14-21 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus fossoris Bussing & Lavenberg 2003. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus galapagensis Allen & Robertson, 1991 - Galapagos jawfish [=Opistognathus galapagensis Allen [G. R.] & Robertson [D. R.] 1991:47, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 18 (no. 2); ref. 19718] Urvina Bay, Isabela Island, Galápagos Islands, about 0°23'S, 91°14'W, depth 10 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus galapagensis Allen & Robertson 1991. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Galápagos Islands and Costa Rica. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus gilberti Bohlke, 1967 - yellow jawfish [=Opistognathus gilberti Böhlke [J. E.] 1967:2, Fig. 1] Notes: [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 407; ref. 7945] Little San Salvador, southwestern end at West Bay, Bahamas, depth 105-125 feet. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus gilberti Böhlke 1967. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus hongkongiensis Chan, 1968 - Hong Kong jawfish [=Opisthognathus hongkongiensis Chan [W. L.] 1968:198, Opisthognathus fasciatus Chan [W. L.] 1966:9, Fig. 1] Notes: [Copeia 1968 (no. 1); ref. 22840] About 20 miles south of Hong Kong, about 30 fathoms depth (via Aberdeen wholesale fish market, Hong Kong). Current status: Valid as Opistognathus hongkongiensis Chan 1968. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Hong Kong and Philippines. Habitat: marine. (fasciatus) [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 14 (nos 1-3); ref. 7949] About 20 miles south of Hong Kong, about 30 fathoms depth (via Aberdeen wholesale fish market, Hong Kong). Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus hongkongiensis Chan 1968. Opistognathidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus hopkinsi (Jordan & Snyder, 1902) - Hopkins' jawfish [=Gnathypops hopkinsi Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1902:492, Fig. 5] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 24 (no. 1263); ref. 2513] Misaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, Sagami Sea, Japan. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus hopkinsi (Jordan & Snyder 1902). Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Japan. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus inornatus Ramsay & Ogilby, 1887 - black jawfish [=Opisthognathus inornatus Ramsay [E. P.] & Ogilby [J. D.] 1887:561] Notes: [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales (Series 2) v. 2 (pt 2); ref. 3598] Derby, Western Australia. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus inornatus Ramsay & Ogilby 1887. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Australia: Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus iyonis (Jordan & Thompson, 1913) - iyonis jawfish [=Gnathypops iyonis Jordan [D. S.] & Thompson [W. F.] 1913:65, Fig. 1] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 46 (no. 2011); ref. 2542] Yawatahama, Iyo Province, Shikoku, Japan. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus iyonis (Jordan & Thompson 1913). Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Japan. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus jacksoniensis Macleay, 1881 - jawfish [=Opisthognathus jacksoniensis Macleay [W.] 1881:570] Notes: [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 5 (pt 4); ref. 2869] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus jacksoniensis Macleay 1881. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus latitabunda (Whitley, 1937) - blotched jawfish [=Tandya latitabunda Whitley [G. P.] 1937:21, Pl. 2 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Records of the Australian Museum v. 20 (no. 1); ref. 4691] Port Newry, north of Mackay, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus latitabundus (Whitley 1937). Opistognathidae. Distribution: Australia and Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus leprocarus Smith-Vaniz, 1997 - roughcheek jawfish [=Opistognathus leprocarus Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 1997:1078, Figs. 1-3, 8a] Notes: [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 60 (no. 3); ref. 22985] San Salvador, off Riding Rock Point, Bahamas, 24°04'N, 74°33'W, depth 308 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus leprocarus Smith-Vaniz 1997. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus liturus Smith-Vaniz & Yoshino, 1985 - liturus jawfish [=Opistognathus liturus Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] & Yoshino [T.] 1985:23, Figs. 2b, 3b, 4] Notes: [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 32 (no. 1); ref. 6721] Beach near Seto Marine Biological Lab., Shirahama-cho, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, 33°41'N, 135°21'E. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus liturus Smith-Vaniz & Yoshino 1985. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Japan. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus lonchurus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 - moustache jawfish [=Opisthognathus lonchurus Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1882:290, Gnathypops mystacinus Jordan [D. S.] 1884:37] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 5 (no. 282); ref. 2472] Snapper banks off Pensacola, Florida, U.S.A. (stomach content). Current status: Valid as Opistognathus lonchurus Jordan & Gilbert 1882. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine. (mystacinus) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 404); ref. 13340] Snapper banks off Pensacola, Florida, U.S.A. (stomach content). Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus lonchurus Jordan & Gilbert 1882. Opistognathidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus longinaris Smith-Vaniz, 2010 - longnostril jawfish [=Opistognathus longinaris Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 2010:51, Figs. 2E, 16] Notes: [Smithiana, Publications in Aquatic Biodiversity, Bulletin No. 12; ref. 30922] KwaZulu-Natal, Kosi mouth area, 26°53'S, 32°55.8'E, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 65 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus longinaris Smith-Vaniz 2010. Opistognathidae. Distribution: South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus macrognathus Poey, 1860 - banded jawfish [=Opisthognatus macrognathus Poey [F.] 1860:284, Opisthognathus fasciatum Longley [W. H.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1940:259, Fig. 18, Opisthognathus macrops Poey [F.] 1860:287, Opisthognathus megastoma Günther [A.] 1860:255, Opisthognathus scaphiurus Goode [G. B.] & Bean [T. H.] 1882:417] Notes: [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus macrognathus Poey 1860. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine. (fasciatum) [Papers Tortugas Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington v. 32; ref. 2822] Tortugas, Florida, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus macrognathus Poey 1860. Opistognathidae. Habitat: marine. (macrops) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus macrognathus Poey 1860. Opistognathidae. Habitat: marine. (megastoma) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 2; ref. 1963] Gulf of Mexico. Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus macrognathus Poey 1860. Opistognathidae. Habitat: marine. (scaphiurus) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 5 (no. 297); ref. 1840] Garden Key, Dry Tortugas, Florida, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus macrognathus Poey 1860. Opistognathidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus macrolepis Peters, 1866 - bigscale jawfish [=Opisthognathus macrolepis Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1866:520, Merogymnoides carpentariae Whitley [G. P.] 1966:240, Fig. 4, Opistopnathus rex Wongratana [T.] 1975:99, Fig. 1] Notes: [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1866; ref. 3439] Bangkok, Thailand. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus macrolepis Peters 1866. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Indo-Pacific: east coast of India to Gulf of Thailand and Gulf of Carpentaria. Habitat: marine. (carpentariae) [Australian Zoologist v. 13 (pt 3); ref. 4734] Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus macrolepis Peters 1866. Opistognathidae. Habitat: marine. (rex) [Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society v. 26 (no. 1-2); ref. 7485] Chon Buri-Khlong Dan, Gulf of Thailand. Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus macrolepis Peters 1866. Opistognathidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus margaretae Smith-Vaniz, 1983 - halfscaled jawfish [=Opistognathus margaretae Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 1983:2, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [The J.L.B Smith Institute of Ichthyology Special Publication No. 30; ref. 8211] Sodwana Bay, 27°32'S, 32°41'E, Zululand, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 18-19 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus margaretae Smith-Vaniz 1983. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: South Africa and Mozambique to Madagascar. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus maxillosus Poey, 1860 - mottled jawfish [=Opisthognathus maxillosus Poey [F.] 1860:286] Notes: [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus maxillosus Poey 1860. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus megalepis Smith-Vaniz, 1972 - largescale jawfish [=Opistognathus megalepis Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 1972:48, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Copeia 1972 (no. 1); ref. 7646] Arrowsmith Bank off Yucatán, 21°05'N, 86°23'W, depth 146-265 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus megalepis Smith-Vaniz 1972. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus melachasme Smith-Vaniz, 1972 - yellowmouth jawfish [=Opistognathus melachasme Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 1972:50, Figs. 3-4] Notes: [Copeia 1972 (no. 1); ref. 7646] Arrowsmith Bank off Yucatán, 21°07'N, 86°21'W, depth 155-205 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus melachasme Smith-Vaniz 1972. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus muscatensis Boulenger, 1888 - robust jawfish [=Opisthognathus muscatensis Boulenger [G. A.] 1888:662, Pl. 54 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887 (pt 4); ref. 14479] Muscat, Oman, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus muscatensis Boulenger 1888. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf, Seychelles and east African coast. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus nigromarginatus Ruppell, 1830 - girdled jawfish [=Opistognathus nigromarginatus Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1830:114, Pl. 28 (fig. 4), Opisthognathus cuvieri Valenciennes [A.] 1840:no page number, Pl. 78 (fig. 3), Opisthognathus macrostomus Smith [J. L. B.] 1935:186, Pl. 20 (fig. B), Opisthognathus ocellatus Ehrenberg [C. G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836:498, Opisthognathus sonneratii Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes (ex Cuvier) 1836:498, Opistognathus sonneratii Cuvier [G.] 1816:252] Notes: [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus nigromarginatus Rüppell 1830. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: western Indian Ocean (South Africa to Persian Gulf and India) to Thailand and Vietnam. Habitat: marine. (cuvieri) [Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation; ref. 17868] Coromandel Coast, India. Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus nigromarginatus Rüppell 1830. Opistognathidae. (macrostomus) [Records of the Albany Museum Grahamstown v. 4; ref. 4066] KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus nigromarginatus Rüppell 1830. Opistognathidae. Habitat: marine. (ocellatus) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Red Sea. Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus nigromarginatus Rüppell 1830. Opistognathidae. (sonneratii V) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 11; ref. 1005] Ponducherry, India. Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus nigromarginatus Rüppell 1830. Opistognathidae. Habitat: marine. (sonneratii C) [Le Règne Animal v. 2; ref. 993] Indian seas. Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus nigromarginatus Rüppell 1830. Opistognathidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus nothus Smith-Vaniz, 1997 - nothus jawfish [=Opistognathus nothus Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 1997:1091, Figs. 5, 6b, 7b1-4, 9b] Notes: [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 60 (no. 3); ref. 22985] 59 kilometers off Cape Lookout, 34°08.5'N, 76°10.3'W, North Carolina, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus nothus Smith-Vaniz 1997. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine. Species Opistognathus panamaensis Allen & Robertson, 1991 - Panamanian jawfish [=Opistognathus panamaensis Allen [G. R.] & Robertson [D. R.] 1991:52, Fig. 11] Notes: [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 18 (no. 2); ref. 19718] Uva Island, Gulf of Chiriqui, (Pacific) Panama, about 7°48'N, 81°45'W, depth 12 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus panamaensis Allen & Robertson 1991. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California, lower Central America and Isla del Coco. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus papuensis Bleeker, 1868 - Papuan jawfish [=Opisthognathus papuensis Bleeker [P.] 1868:333, Opisthognathus maculatus Alleyne [H. G.] & Macleay [W.] 1877:280, Pl. 9 (fig. 3), Batrachus punctatulus Ramsay [E. P.] 1883:177] Notes: [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeeling Natuurkunde (Ser. 2) v. 2; ref. 425] Waigeo, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus papuensis Bleeker 1868. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Australia and southern New Guinea. Habitat: marine. (maculatus) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 1 (pts 3-4); ref. 101] Palm Island, Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus papuensis Bleeker 1868. Opistognathidae. Habitat: marine. (punctatulus) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 8 (pt 1); ref. 14346] Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus papuensis Bleeker 1868. Opistognathidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus pardus Smith-Vaniz et al., 2012 - leopard jawfish [=Opistognathus pardus Smith-Vaniz [W. F.], Bineesh [K. K.] & Akhilesh [K. V.] 2012:21, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3523; ref. 32262] Off Quilon, Kerala, southwestern coast of India, depth 110-220 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus pardus Smith-Vaniz, Bineesh & Akhilesh 2012. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Southwestern coast of India (holotype). Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus punctatus Peters, 1869 - finespotted jawfish [=Opisthognathus punctatus Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1869:708, Opistognathus mexicanus Allen [G. R.] & Robertson [D. R.] 1991:48, Fig. 4] Notes: [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1869; ref. 14098] Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus punctatus Peters 1869. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California, Isla Gorgona, and Panama to Colombia. Habitat: marine. (mexicanus) [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 18 (no. 2); ref. 19718] Bahia Agua Verde, Gulf of California, Baja California, Mexico, about 25°31'N, 111°04'W, depth 12-14 meters. Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus punctatus Peters 1869. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus randalli Smith-Vaniz, 2009 - goldspecs jawfish [=Opistognathus randalli Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 2009:87, Figs. 1c, 2d, 3c, 4c-d, 19-14] Notes: [aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 30149] Cocoro Island, 10°53'09"N, 121°11'34'E, Palawan Province, Philippines, depth 1-21 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus randalli Smith-Vaniz 2009. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Indonesia and Philippines, Malaysia. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus reticeps Smith-Vaniz, 2004 - reticeps jawfish [=Opistognathus reticeps Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 2004:220, Figs. 2D, 3F, 11] Notes: [Records of the Australian Museum v. 56 (no. 2); ref. 27780] East arm of Darwin Harbour, 12°29'S, 130°53'E, Northern Territory, Australia, depth 0-1 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus reticeps Smith-Vaniz 2004. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus reticulatus (McKay, 1969) - reticulated jawfish [=Tandya reticulata McKay [R. J.] 1969:1, Fig. 1] Notes: [Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia v. 52 (pt 1, art. 1); ref. 7831] Broome, Western Australia. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus reticulatus (McKay 1969). Opistognathidae. Distribution: Australia: Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus rhomaleus Jorday & Gilbert, 1882 - giant jawfish [=Opisthognathus rhomaleus Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1882:276, Gnathypops snyderi Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1898:2285] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 4 (no. 227); ref. 10613] Santa Maria Cove, Baja California, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus rhomaleus Jordan & Gilbert 1882. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Gulf of Mexico to Costa Rica and the Revillagigedo Islands. Habitat: marine. (snyderi) [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 47; ref. 2445] San Luis Gonzales Bay, Gulf of California, Mexico. Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus rhomaleus Jordan & Gilbert 1882. Opistognathidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus robinsi Smith-Vaniz, 1997 - spotfin jawfish [=Opistognathus robinsi Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 1997:1109, Figs. 8d, 9e, 13d, 22-23, 24a, 25] Notes: [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 60 (no. 3); ref. 22985] Belle Vista Beach, Pinellas County, Florida, U.S.A., depth 1.2 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus robinsi Smith-Vaniz 1997. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus rosenbergii Bleeker, 1856 - Rosenberg's jawfish [=Opistognathus rosenbergii Bleeker [P.] 1856:220] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 12 (no. 1); ref. 354] Nias Island [Pulau Nias, Sumatera Utara Province, Indonesia, eastern Indian Ocean]. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus rosenbergii Bleeker 1856. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: southeast coast of India to Andaman Sea, Indonesia to Thailand and Vietnam. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus rosenblatti Allen & Robertson, 1991 - bluespotted jawfish [=Opistognathus rosenblatti Allen [G. R.] & Robertson [D. R.] 1991:50, Figs. 7-10] Notes: [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 18 (no. 2); ref. 19718] San Pedro Martir Island, Gulf of California, Mexico, about 27°56'N, 111°04'W, depth 12 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus rosenblatti Allen & Robertson 1991. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California and Revillagigedo Islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus rufilineatus Smith-Vaniz & Allen, 2007 - redlined jawfish [=Opistognathus rufilineatus Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] & Allen [G. R.] 2007:37, Figs. 2-5] Notes: [aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology v. 13 (no. 1); ref. 29354] North Triton Bay, 3°47'01"S, 134°09'55"E, Barat Province, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus rufilineatus Smith-Vaniz & Allen 2007. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Triton Bay, West Papua, Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus schrieri Smith-Vaniz, 2017 - Schrier's jawfish [=Opistognathus schrieri Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 2017:53, Figs. 8-10, 13A, 14A, 15A] Notes: [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 26; ref. 35243] Curaçao, Willemstad, near Curaçao Sea Aquarium, off aquarium submersible downline, ca. 12°5.078'N, 68°53.788'W, depth approx. 152 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus schrieri Smith-Vaniz 2017. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Caribbean Sea, Curaçao. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus scops (Jenkins & Evermann, 1889) - bullseye jawfish [=Gnathypops scops Jenkins [O. P.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1889:152, Opisthognathus ommata Jenkins [O. P.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1889:153, Opisthognathus scops panamensis Fowler [H. W.] 1944:268, Fig. 255] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 11 (no. 698); ref. 2342] Guaymas, Sonora, western Mexico. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus scops (Jenkins & Evermann 1889). Opistognathidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Panama and Isla Gorgona. Habitat: marine. (ommata) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 11 (no. 698); ref. 2342] Guaymas, Sonora, western Mexico. Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus scops (Jenkins & Evermann 1889). Opistognathidae. Habitat: marine. (panamensis) [Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia No. 6; ref. 1448] Ensenada Honda, Pedro Gonzalez, Perlas Islands, Panama. Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus scops (Jenkins & Evermann 1889). Opistognathidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus seminudus Smith-Vaniz, 2004 - halfnaked jawfish [=Opistognathus seminudus Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 2004:213, Figs. 2B, 3B, 4B, 5-6] Notes: [Records of the Australian Museum v. 56 (no. 2); ref. 27780] One Tree Island, reef flat at southwestern end of island, Capricorn Group, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, depth 0-1 meter. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus seminudus Smith-Vaniz 2004. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus signatus Smith-Vaniz, 1997 - signatus jawfish [=Opistognathus signatus Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 1997:1116, Figs. 9e, 13d, 24b, 26-27] Notes: [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 60 (no. 3); ref. 22985] Golfo de los Mosquitos, Panama, 9°20.5'N, 80°13.5'W - 9°19.6'N, 80°15.5'W, depth 64-68 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus signatus Smith-Vaniz 1997. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus simus Smith-Vaniz, 2010 - Cargados jawfish [=Opistognathus simus Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 2010:52, Figs. 2H, 17] Notes: [Smithiana, Publications in Aquatic Biodiversity, Bulletin No. 12; ref. 30922] About 3.2 kilometers east of Raphael Island, ca. 16°20'S, 59°38.5'E, Cargados Carajos (St. Brandon Shoals), western Indian Ocean, depth 0.2-1.3 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus simus Smith-Vaniz 2010. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Cargados Carajos, western Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus smithvanizi Bussing & Lavenberg, 2003 - Smith-Vaniz's jawfish [=Opistognathus smithvanizi Bussing [W. A.] & Lavenberg [R. J.] 2003:530, Figs. 1, 3a, 4a] Notes: [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 51 (no. 2); ref. 27787] Northern side of Isla del Caño, 8°43'15"N, 83°53'07"W, Pacific Costa Rica, depth 9-15 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus smithvanizi Bussing & Lavenberg 2003. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Isla del Caño, Costa Rica. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus solorensis Bleeker, 1853 - Solor jawfish [=Opistognathus solorensis Bleeker [P.] 1853:81] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 16911] Saparua, Kulur (Kolor), Banda Sea, Indonesia. Old locality: Lawajong, Solor Island, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus solorensis Bleeker 1853. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, north to Brunei, Philippines and Taiwan, east to Palau. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus stigmosus Smith-Vaniz, 2004 - Coral Sea jawfish [=Opistognathus stigmosus Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 2004:215, Figs. 3C, 7] Notes: [Records of the Australian Museum v. 56 (no. 2); ref. 27780] Outer reef, Escape Reef, 15°49'S, 145°50'E, Queensland, Australia, depth 29 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus stigmosus Smith-Vaniz 2004. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Queensland, Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus trimaculatus Hiramatsu & Endo, 2013 - fivebanded jawfish [=Opistognathus trimaculatus Hiramatsu [W.] & Endo [H.] 2013:19, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science (Ser. A) Supple. 7; ref. 32573] Off Kochi City, central Tosa Bay, depth about 150 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus trimaculatus Hiramatsu & Endo 2013. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Japan and East China Sea. Habitat: marine. Species Opistognathus variabilis Smith-Vaniz, 2009 - variable jawfish [=Opistognathus variabilis Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 2009:92, Figs. 1e-f, 2e, 3d, 4e-f, 25-43] Notes: [aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 30149] Tanjung Bobo (site 2), 1°02'35"N, 127°23'55.1"E, western Halmahera, depth 7 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus variabilis Smith-Vaniz 2009. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Maldive Islands and Sri Lanka east to Indonesia, Palau, north to Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan) and Vanuatu. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus verecundus Smith-Vaniz, 2004 - bashful jawfish [=Opistognathus verecundus Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 2004:218, Figs. 2C, 3E, 9-10] Notes: [Records of the Australian Museum v. 56 (no. 2); ref. 27780] Eastern side of Coral Bay, 11°11'S, 132°04'E, Cobourg Peninsula, Northern Territory, Australia, depth 5-6 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus verecundus Smith-Vaniz 2004. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Northern Territory, Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus walkeri Bussing & Lavenberg, 2003 - Walker's jawfish [=Opistognathus walkeri Bussing [W. A.] & Lavenberg [R. J.] 2003:537, Figs. 3c, 5] Notes: [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 51 (no. 2); ref. 27787] Near Punta San Juan Batista Flats, 27°47.0'N, 112°44.0'W, Gulf of California, Baja California Sur, Mexico, depth 80-90 meters. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus walkeri Bussing & Lavenberg 2003. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California. Habitat: marine.

Species Opistognathus whitehursti (Longley, 1927) - dusky jawfish [=Gnathypops whitehursti Longley [W. H.] 1927:222, Upsilonognathus chaplini Fowler [H. W.] 1946:5, Fig. 1] Notes: [Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book No. 26; ref. 5630] Tortugas, Florida, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Opistognathus whitehursti (Longley 1927). Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine. (chaplini) [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 181; ref. 1455] North beach of Hog Island, Nassau, Bahamas. Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus whitehursti (Longley 1927). Opistognathidae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Stalix Jordan & Snyder, 1902 - jawfishes [=Stalix Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1902:495] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 24 (no. 1263); ref. 2513] Fem. Stalix histrio Jordan & Snyder 1902. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Stalix Jordan & Snyder 1902 -- (Smith-Vaniz 1974 [ref. 12815], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:200 [ref. 6441], Klausewitz 1985 [ref. 5986], Smith-Vaniz & Yoshino 1985:18 [ref. 6721], Smith-Vaniz 1989 [ref. 13438], Smith-Vaniz 1997:1074 [ref. 22985], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2583 [ref. 24833], Hoese & Bray 2006:1076 [ref. 29000], Smith-Vaniz 2010:39 [ref. 30922], Kottelat 2013:329 [ref. 32989], Prokofiev 2015:487 [ref. 33929]). Current status: Valid as Stalix Jordan & Snyder 1902. Opistognathidae.

Species Stalix davidsheni Klausewitz, 1985 - Klausewitz's stalix [=Stalix davidsheni Klausewitz [W.] 1985:18, Figs. 1-2, 4-7] Notes: [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 12 (no. 1); ref. 5986] Bay of Marsa-el-Muqabila (Mucabelah), about 100 yards from shore, east coast of Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, depth 17 meters. Current status: Valid as Stalix davidsheni Klausewitz 1985. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Northern Red Sea endemic: Gulf of Aqaba. Habitat: marine.

Species Stalix dicra Smith-Vaniz, 1989 - forked jawfish [=Stalix dicra Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 1989:401, Figs. 1g, 9e, 16] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 141; ref. 13438] Paddock Reef, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, 5°09'44"S, 145°49'08"E, depth 29 meters. Current status: Valid as Stalix dicra Smith-Vaniz 1989. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Madang District (Papua New Guinea). Habitat: marine.

Species Stalix eremia Smith-Vaniz, 1989 - solitary jawfish [=Stalix eremia Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 1989:403, Figs. 9f, 17] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 141; ref. 13438] Paddock Reef, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, 5°09'44"S, 145°49'08"E, depth 29 meters. Current status: Valid as Stalix eremia Smith-Vaniz 1989. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Madang District (Papua New Guinea). Habitat: marine.

Species Stalix flavida Smith-Vaniz, 1989 - flavida jawfish [=Stalix flavida Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 1989:399, Figs. 1e, 9d, 13, 14b] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 141; ref. 13438] Northwest Shelf, Western Australia, 19°35'S, 117°45'E, depth 57-60 meters. Current status: Valid as Stalix flavida Smith-Vaniz 1989. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Australia: Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Stalix histrio Jordan & Snyder, 1902 - harlequin jawfish [=Stalix histrio Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1902:495, Fig. 7] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 24 (no. 1263); ref. 2513] Nagasaki, Japan. Current status: Valid as Stalix histrio Jordan & Snyder 1902. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Stalix immaculatus Xu & Zhan, in Xu et al., 1980 - Xu's jawfish [=Stalix immaculatus Xu [C.-Y.] & Zhan [H.-X.] in Xu, Deng, Xiong & Zhan 1980:179 [182], Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica v. 11 (no. 2); ref. 8642] East China Sea off Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, depth 80-90 meters. Current status: Valid as Stalix immaculata Xu & Zhan 1980. Opistognathidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: marine.

Species Stalix moenensis (Popta, 1922) - Muna jawfish [=Gnathypops moenensis Popta [C. M. L.] 1922:28] Notes: [Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) v. 7 (art. 2); ref. 3550] Raha, Muna Island, Sunda Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Stalix moenensis (Popta 1922). Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia. Introduced and established in Philippines. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Stalix novikovi Prokofiev, 2015 - Novikov's jawfish [=Stalix novikovi Prokofiev [A. M.] 2015:487, Figs. 1a-d, 1f-h] Notes: [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 55 (no. 4); ref. 33929] Nha Trang Bay, western side of Ran Qiao, Vietnam, 12°17′890-12°15′538"N, 109°15′800-109°14′515"E, depth 10-15 meters. Current status: Valid as Stalix novikovi Prokofiev 2015. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Vietnam and Philippines. Habitat: marine.

Species Stalix omanensis Norman, 1939 - Oman jawfish [=Stalix omanensis Norman [J. R.] 1939:66, Fig. 23] Notes: [Scientific Reports, John Murray Expedition v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 6556] Gulf of Oman, 25°38'18"N, 56°26'36"E, John Murray station 72, depth 73 meters. Current status: Valid as Stalix omanensis Norman 1939. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Oman. Habitat: marine.

Species Stalix sheni Smith-Vaniz, 1989 - Shen's jawfish [=Stalix sheni Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 1989:390, Fig. 7] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 141; ref. 13438] Tai-chi [Tashi, Daxi], northeastern Taiwan, 24°45'N, 122°15'E, depth 80-120 meters. Current status: Valid as Stalix sheni Smith-Vaniz 1989. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Stalix toyoshio Shinohara, 1999 - Shinohara's jawfish [=Stalix toyoshio Shinohara [G.] 1999:267, Figs. 1-4] Notes: [Ichthyological Research v. 46 (no. 3); ref. 24048] Tanegashima Straits off Tanegashima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan, 30°32'N, 130°49'E, depth 77 meters. Current status: Valid as Stalix toyoshio Shinohara 1999. Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Japan. Habitat: marine.

Species Stalix versluysi (Weber, 1913) - Versluys' jawfish [=Opisthognathus versluysi Weber [M.] 1913:261, Fig. 65] Notes: [Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition; ref. 4602] Roma Island, Indonesia, Siboga station 279, depth 20-45 meters. Current status: Valid as Stalix versluysi (Weber 1913). Opistognathidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia and Philippines. Habitat: marine.

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Unavailable names, uncertain taxa bermudezi, Gnathypops Howell Rivero [L.] 1936:66 [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 41 (no. 4); ref. 12257] Matanzas Bay, Cuba, in deep water. Holotype: MCZ 34147. Paratypes: MCZ 34148 (1). •Mentioned as not valid -- (Smith-Vaniz 1997:1075 [ref. 22985]). Current status: Synonym of Opistognathus. Opistognathidae. Habitat: marine.