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Antimicrobial Potential of Alhagi Maurorum Against Clinically Important Microbes

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Antimicrobial Potential of Alhagi Maurorum Against Clinically Important Microbes International Journal of Botany Studies International Journal of Botany Studies ISSN: 2455-541X Impact Factor: RJIF 5.12 www.botanyjournals.com Volume 3; Issue 2; March 2018; Page No. 61-64 Antimicrobial potential of Alhagi maurorum against clinically important microbes Shilpa Dhaniya1, Suman Kumari Parihar2 1 Research Scholar, Government College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India 2 Department of Botany, MDSU Ajmer, Rajasthan, India Abstract Alhagi maurorum Medic (Fabaceae) is the single species of genus Alhagi found in India. Various studies have shown A. maurorum used in folk medicines. However, its potential health benefits have not been studied in details. Methanol extracts of A. maurorum from the aerial part were screened for antimicrobial. Antimicrobial activities were tested against eight microorganisms using well diffusion method. In the present study, antimicrobial activity of leaves and stem extracts of Alhagi maurorum was evaluated against four fungus Aspergillus niger, Penicillium funiculosum, Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma ressei and four bacterial strains Streptomyces grisveus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. It was observed that maximum zone of inhibition was in leaves (18mm) against Streptomyces grisveus while rest of the strains were found to be resistant. In case of fungus, maximum zone was observed in stem against Trichoderma ressei and Fusarium oxysporium (14mm) while other fungal colonies were found to be resistant. Keywords: Alhagi maurorum, antibacterial, anti fungal, phytochemical analysis, agar well diffusion, zone of inhibition Introduction collected from Ajmer in Rajasthan (India). Preparation of the Natural plant products important role play in various crude methanol extract was obtained by macerating 10 gm of functions, and how much of them have useful biological dried plant powder in 95% methanol and kept on a rotary activities [1]. According to World Health Organization (WHO) shaker for 24 hr. The extract was filtered, and will be dried. more than 80% of the world's population relies on traditional The extract will be stored at 40C in airtight bottles. The dried medicine for their primary healthcare needs. Alhagi maurorum extracts were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to make the final Boiss is customarily used in folk medicine as a remedy for concentration which kept in refrigerator till used. rheumatic pains. Oil from the leaves of the plant is used for The extracts were filtered, dried and then stored at 40C in the treatment of rheumatism while the flowers of the plant are airtight bottles. used for the treatment of piles migraine and warts [2] including liver disorders and for various types of gastrointestinal Collection of Plant discomfort [3] but there is no scientific background that The plant Alhagi marorum has been collected from Ajmer in supports this use. The aim of the present work was to study Rajasthan in India. The stem and leaves of the plant washed in the effect of antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of tap water and finally were made to shade dried. Alhagi maurorum. Herbal medicines have made large contributions to human Microorganisms Used healthiness [4], and provided a good source of anti infective Clinical laboratory bacterial isolates of Streptomyces grisveus, agents in the fight against microbial infections. Phytoremedies Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli have also shown great promise in the treatment of intractable and fungal isolates viz. Aspergillus Niger, Fusarium infectious diseases [5]. Antimicrobial chemotherapy made oxysporium, Penicillium funiculosum and Trichoderma reesei remarkable advances, resulting in the overly optimistic view were collected from the stock cultures of Microbiology that infectious diseases would be conquered in the near future. Laboratory, SMS Medical College Jaipur, and India. However, in reality, emerging and re-emerging. Since the advent of new mighty drugs is highly difficult, the proper use Preparation of Extract of currently available antimicrobial agents as well as efforts to The crude methanolic extract obtained by macerating 30 g of minimize the spread of resistant bacteria through appropriate dried plant powder in 95% methanol and kept on a rotary infection control would be quite important and may represent shaker for 24 h. The extract was filtered, centrifuged at 5000 g a first step in solving the issue of resistant microorganisms [6]. for 15 min. and dried under reduced pressure then stored at 4ºC in airtight bottles. Material and methods Experimental section Culture and Maintenance of Bacteria Collection of Plant material was authenticated by Department The bacteria were grown in Nutrient agar medium (prepared of Botany, University of Rajasthan. A. maurorum was by autoclaving 8% Nutrient Agar, in distilled water at 15 lbs 61 International Journal of Botany Studies psi for 25-30 min) and incubating at 37°C for 48 h. Each incubated at 37°C. After incubation of 24 h bioactivities were bacterial culture was further maintained on the same medium determined by measuring the diameter of inhibition zone (in after every 48 h of transferring. Fresh suspension of test mm). All experiments were made in triplicate and means were organism in saline solution was prepared from a freshly grown calculated. agar slant before every antimicrobial assay. Result and discussion Determination of Antibacterial Assay Plants synthesize variety of phytochemicals as part of their In vitro antibacterial activity of the crude methanol extract normal metabolic activities. Chemical profile of a single plant was studied against gram positive and gram negative bacterial may vary over a time, as it reacts to changing conditions. In strains by the agar well diffusion method [7]. The extracts were 2010 a survey of 1000 plants was done out of which, 156 diluted in 100% Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) at the clinical trials for evaluation of their pharmacological activities concentrations of 5 mg/mL. Wells (about 6mm in depth) were and therapeutic applications gave encouraging results [9]. This prepared in the seeded agar plates. The test compound (100 led to the new search for drugs and dietary supplements μl) was introduced in the well (6 mm). The plates were derived from plants. During the last 10 years pace of incubated overnight at 37ºC. The antimicrobial spectrum of development of new antimicrobial drugs has slowed down, the extract was determined for the bacterial species in terms of while prevalence of resistance has increased multifold [10]. The zone sizes around each well. The diameters of zone of problem of microbial resistance of growing and outlook for inhibition produced by the agent were compared with those the use of antimicrobial drugs in future is still uncertain produced by the commercial control antibiotics, streptomycin. therefore, action must be taken to reduce this problem, such as For each bacterial strain controls were maintained where pure controlling the use of antibiotics and carrying out research for solvents were used instead of the extract. The control zones better understanding of genetic mechanism of resistance. This were subtracted from the test zones and the resulting zone prompted to evaluate plants as source of potential diameter was measured with antibiotic zone reader to nearest chemotherapeutic and antimicrobial agent along with their mm. The experiment was performed three times to minimize ethnomedicinal use [11]. the error and the mean values were presented. In the present investigation the methanolic extracts of Alhagi marorum were found to have maximum antibacterial against Determination of Antifungal Assay Streptomyces grisveus (18mm). Stem showed potent activity Anti fungal activity of the experimental plant was investigated against Bacillus subtilis (14mm) while rests of the bacterial by agar well diffusion method [8]. The fungi were subculture strains were found to be resistant (Table and Fig. 1). onto Potato dextrose agar, PDA (Merck, Germany) and Similarly against fungal strains maximum activity was respectively incubated at 37°C for 24 h and 25°C for 2 - 5 observed in leaves against Penicillium funiculosum (17mm). It days. Suspensions of fungal spores were prepared in sterile was observed that stem showed similar activity against two water and adjusted to a concentration of 106 cells/ml. The strains viz. Trichoderma reesei and Fusarium oxysporium. plates were dried at room temperature for 15 min. Wells of 6 The other two strains of the fungal colonies were found to be mm in diameter were punctured in the culture media using resistant against both the plant parts of Alhagi marorum. sterile glass tube. 0.1 ml of several dilutions of fresh extracts (Table and Fig. 2) was administered to fullness for each well. Plates were Table 1: Antibacterial activity of Alhagi marorum against various clinical isolates. Serial no. Microbial colonies Leaves (zone in mm) Stem (zone in mm) Standard as Ciprofloxacin 1 Escherichia coli NA NA 22 2 Staphylococcus aureus NA NA 22 3 Streptomyces grisveus 18±0.92 NA 22 4 Bacillus subtilis NA 14±0.38 22 62 International Journal of Botany Studies Fig 1: Antibacterial activity of experimental plants Table 2: Antifungal activity of Alhagi marorum against various clinical isolates. Serial no. Name of fungus strain Leaves (zone in mm) Stem (zone in mm) Standard as ketokenazole 1 Trichoderma ressei 13±0.67 14±0.82 31 2 Aspergillus niger NA NA 31 3 Penicillium-funiculosum 17±0.91 NA 31 4 Fusarium oxysporium 12±0.54 14±0.82 31 NA= No Activity, Fig 2: Antifungal activity of experimental plants Aknowledgement References I grateful thanks to Dr. Ajit kumar and Dr. Manas Mathur, 1. Harvey AL. Medicines from nature: are natural products Department of Biotechnology, Seminal Applied Science still relevant to drug Discovery? Trends Pharmacology. Private Limited, Jaipur, Rajasthan for providing necessary Sci. 1999; 20:196-198. materials during my analysis. 2. Atta AH, Nasr SM, Mourner SM, Al wabel NA, Essawy 63 International Journal of Botany Studies S. Evaluation of the diuretic Effect of Conyza discords and Alhagi maurorum, Int. J Pharm. Pharmaceut,. Sci., 2010-2012; 2:162-165. 3. Bolus L Medicinal Plants of North Africa.
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