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Propeller Design for a "Downwind, Faster Than the Wind" Vehicle

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Propeller Design for a DESIGN OF A PROPELLER FOR DOWNWIND FASTER THAN THE WIND VEHICLE A Project Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering San Jose State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Degree Master of Science In Aerospace Engineering By Shethal Thomas Kodiyattu May 2010 1 © 2010 Shethal Thomas Kodiyattu ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2 3 ABSTRACT DESIGN OF A PROPELLER FOR DOWNWIND FASTER THAN THE WIND VEHICLE This is in part of the wind powered vehicle to achieve going downwind faster than the wind. With the increase in the demand of a clean energy and green environment contribution, design the propeller for this vehicle is the task. The design is a ground vehicle that exceeds the speed of the wind when it is powered by steady-state wind. While other wind-powered vehicles exceed wind speed while tacking, this vehicle will exceed wind speed while going dead downwind. The optimum propeller design that produces thrust at very low Reynolds number (<100,000) will break through the concept of exceeding wind speed. The task is achieved in designing the vehicle and the propeller. The propeller is designed using propeller tools such as JavaProp and JavaFoil. The analysis is carried out for different airfoils at different rpm and diameter where the design point is achieved. Comparison of a 16”, 18” and 20 “of a diameter and having decided to choose with the 16” the efficiency achieved is 70 percent. The constraint of the vehicle dimensions and materials allows only 73 percent of efficiency. The results produced from exceeding wind speed will help in the future work of hybrid vehicles. The propeller will be constructed out of, windsurfing masts, high-density foam, and fiberglass. By Shethal Thomas Kodiyattu 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to thank the persons who has been of the utmost support in encouraging, guiding me from the initial to final completion of this project. Firstly I thank almighty God for having given the peace and knowledge beyond all understanding in helping me thorough all situations. One of the verses that kept me uplifted through all times “Do not be anxious about anything, but in everything, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus.” Philippians 4:6-7. Secondly, I thank Dr. Nikos Mourtos for having the same faith and continually of support throughout the completion of the project and having offered the opportunity of carrying out this project. I would to also thank the department of Mechanical and Aerospace engineering and San Jose State library facility. Lastly, I thank my parents and sister for the encouragement and moral support through it all. INTRODUCTION 5 Table of Contents Abstract iv Acknowledgements v Table of Contents vi List of Tables x List of Figures xii Background of the project Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation behind the project 1 1.2 Downwind faster than the wind concept 3 2. Preview to propeller theory 7 6 3. Propeller Design 8 3.1Constraints and requirements to the design 8 3.2Theoretical background of Java Prop 8 3.3 Java Prop design process 9 4. Selection of airfoils 4.1 Airfoil comparison 11 4.2 Airfoil selection 20 4.3Input variables and constants 21 4.4Javaprop output 24 4.4.1 Analysis of the output 25 4.5 Results based on Java Prop 27 5. Design of propeller in catia 31 5.1 Airfoil coordinates 31 5.2Steps to design 31 5.3 Final design 32 6. Results 36 7. Conclusion and recommendations 36 References 39 7 LIST OF TABLES TABLE NO PAGE NO Table 1 Equations for design point 11 Table 2 Airfoil characteristics comparison 13 Table 3 Input conditions of NACA 6412 29 Table 4 The various output for NACA 6412 as the propeller 30 Table 5 Propeller geometry using NACA 6412 41 Table 6 Airfoil co-ordinates of NACA 6412 43 Table 7 16 feet input variable 60 rpm 46 Table 8 Propeller geometry at rpm 60 47 Table 9 Single Analysis at 60 rpm 48 Table 10 Multi Analysis at rpm of 60 49 Table 11 Input values at rpm of 80 49 Table 12 Propeller Geometry at rpm of 80 50 Table 13 Single Analysis at rpm of 80 51 8 Table 14 Multi analysis at rpm of 80 52 Table 15 Input values at 100rpm 52 Table 16 Propeller geometry at 100 rpm 53 Table 17 Single analysis at 100 rpm 53 Table 18 Multianalysis at 100 rpm 54 Table 19 Input values at 120 rpm 54 Table 20 Propeller geometry at 120 rpm 55 Table 21 Single analysis at 120 rpm 56 Table 22 Multi analysis at 120 rpm 57 Table 23 Input values at 140 rpm 57 Table 24 Propeller geometry at 140 rpm 58 Table 25 Single analysis at 140 rpm 59 Table 26 Multi analysis at 140 rpm 60 Table 27 Input values at 160 rpm 60 Table 28 Propeller geometry at 160 rpm 61 Table 29 Single analysis at 160 rpm 62 Table 30 Multi analysis at 160 rpm 63 9 Table 31 Input values at 180 rpm 63 Table 32 Propeller geometry at 180 rpm 64 Table 33 Single analysis at 180 rpm 65 Table 34 Multi analysis at 180 rpm 65 Table 35 Input values at 200 rpm 66 Table 36 Propeller geometry at 200 rpm 66 Table 37 Single analysis at 200 rpm 67 Table 38 Multi analysis at 200 rpm 67 C) Table 39 Input at 200 rpm 68 Table 40 Propeller geometry at 200 rpm 68 Table 41 Single analysis at 200 rpm 69 Table 42 Multi analysis at 200 rpm 69 Table 43 Input values at 180 rpm 70 Table 44 Propeller geometry at 180 rpm 70 Table 45 Single analysis at 180 rpm 71 Table 46 Multi analysis at 180 rpm 71 10 Table 47 Input values at 160 rpm 72 Table 48 Propeller geometry at 160 rpm 72 Table 49 Single analysis at 160 rpm 73 Table 50 Multi analysis at 160 rpm 73 Table 51 Input values at 140 rpm 74 Table 52 Propeller geometry at 140 rpm 74 Table 53 Single analysis at 140 rpm 75 Table 54 Input values at 120 rpm 75 Table 55 Propeller geometry at 120 rpm 76 Table 56 Single analysis at 120 rpm 77 Table 57 Multi analysis at 120 rpm 78 Table 58 Input values at 100 rpm 78 Table 59 Propeller geometry at 100 rpm 79 Table 60 Single analysis at 100 rpm 80 Table 61 Multi analysis at 100 rpm 81 Table 62 Input at 80 rpm 81 Table 63 Propeller geometry at 80 rpm 82 11 Table 64 Single analysis at 80 rpm 83 Table 65 Multi analysis at 80 rpm 83 Table 66 Input values at 60 rpm 84 Table 67 Propeller geometry at 60 rpm 84 Table 68 Single analysis at 60 rpm 85 Table 69 Multi analysis at 60 rpm 86 Table 70 Input values at 40 rpm 86 Table 71 Propeller geometry at 40 rpm 87 Table 72 Single analysis at 40 rpm 88 Table 73 Multi analysis at 40 rpm 89 Table 74 Input at 200 rpm 89 Table 75 Propeller geometry at 200 rpm 90 Table 76 Single analysis at 200 rpm 91 Table 77 Multi analysis at 200 rpm 91 Table 78 Input values at 180 rpm 92 Table 79 Propeller geometry at 180 rpm 92 Table 80 Single analysis at 180 rpm 93 12 Table 81 Multi analysis at 180 rpm 93 Table 82 Input values at 160 rpm 94 Table 83 Propeller geometry at 160 rpm 94 Table 84 Single analysis at 160 rpm 95 Table 85 Multi analysis at 160 rpm 95 Table 86 Input values at 140 rpm 96 Table 87 Propeller geometry at 140rpm 96 Table 88 Single analysis at 140 rpm 97 Table 89 Multi analysis at 140 rpm 97 Table 90 Input values at 120 rpm 98 Table 91 Propeller geometry at 120 rpm 98 Table 92 Single analysis at 120 rpm 99 Table 93 Multi analysis at 120 rpm 100 Table 94 Input values at 100 rpm 100 Table 95 Propeller geometry at 100 rpm 101 Table 96 Single analysis at 100 rpm 102 Table 97 Multi analysis at 100 rpm 103 13 Table 98 Input at 80 rpm 103 Table 99 Propeller geometry at 80 rpm 104 Table 100 Single analysis at 80 rpm 105 Table 101 Multi analysis at 80 rpm 105 Table 102 Input at 60 rpm 106 Table 103 Propeller geometry at 60 rpm 106 Table 104 Single analysis at 60 rpm 107 Table 105 Multi analysis at 60 rpm 107 Table 106 Input at 40 rpm 108 Table 107 Propeller geometry at 40 rpm 108 Table 108 Single analysis at 40 rpm 109 Table 109 Multi analysis at 40 rpm 110 14 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NO PAGE NO Figure 1 Dr.Andrew Bauer’s cart 2 Figure 2 Stream tube for a propeller at initial stage 4 Figure 3 Flow chart if design process 10 Figure 4 Clark Y Geometry 14 Figure 5 Drag polar for Clark-Y 15 Figure 6 Lift for Clark- Y 15 Figure 7 NACA 6412 plot geometry 16 Figure 8 Lift for NACA 6412 16 Figure 9 Drag polar for NACA 6412 17 Figure 10 NACA 9412 geometry 17 Figure 11 Lift for NACA 9412 18 Figure 12 Drag Polar for NACA 9412 18 Figure 13 MH114 airfoil geometry 19 15 Figure 14 Lift curve for MH114 19 Figure 15 Drag polar for MH114 20 Figure 16 Input parameters in JavaProp 22 Figure 17 Input of the airfoil in JavaProp 23 Figure 18 Geometry of the propeller 24 Figure 19 Multi analysis of the propeller 26 Figure 20 Single analysis of the propeller 27 Figure 21 Comparison of different diameter for Clark-Y airfoil 28 Figure 22 Advance ratio vs efficiency 29 Figure 23 2-D view of the one blade of the propeller 33 Figure 24 2-D view of the propeller 34 Figure 25 3-D view of the propeller 35 16 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Motivation behind the project The energy crisis and environmental concerns have increased interest in green engineering .Using wind-power to produce energy or to propel a vehicle is one application of green engineering [1] .
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