DESIGN OF A PROPELLER FOR DOWNWIND FASTER THAN THE WIND VEHICLE
A Project
Presented to
The Faculty of the Department of
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
San Jose State University
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for Degree
Master of Science
In
Aerospace Engineering
By
Shethal Thomas Kodiyattu
May 2010
1
© 2010
Shethal Thomas Kodiyattu
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
3 ABSTRACT
DESIGN OF A PROPELLER FOR DOWNWIND FASTER THAN THE WIND VEHICLE
This is in part of the wind powered vehicle to achieve going downwind faster than the
wind. With the increase in the demand of a clean energy and green environment contribution,
design the propeller for this vehicle is the task. The design is a ground vehicle that exceeds the speed of the wind when it is powered by steady-state wind. While other wind-powered vehicles
exceed wind speed while tacking, this vehicle will exceed wind speed while going
dead downwind. The optimum propeller design that produces thrust at very low Reynolds
number (<100,000) will break through the concept of exceeding wind speed. The task is
achieved in designing the vehicle and the propeller. The propeller is designed using propeller tools such as JavaProp and JavaFoil. The analysis is carried out for different airfoils at different
rpm and diameter where the design point is achieved. Comparison of a 16”, 18” and 20 “of a
diameter and having decided to choose with the 16” the efficiency achieved is 70 percent. The
constraint of the vehicle dimensions and materials allows only 73 percent of efficiency. The results produced from exceeding wind speed will help in the future work of hybrid vehicles. The
propeller will be constructed out of, windsurfing masts, high-density foam, and fiberglass.
By Shethal Thomas Kodiyattu
4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to take this opportunity to thank the persons who has been of the utmost support in encouraging, guiding me from the initial to final completion of this project. Firstly I thank almighty God for having given the peace and knowledge beyond all understanding in helping me thorough all situations. One of the verses that kept me uplifted through all times “Do not be anxious about anything, but in everything, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus.” Philippians 4:6-7.
Secondly, I thank Dr. Nikos Mourtos for having the same faith and continually of support throughout the completion of the project and having offered the opportunity of carrying out this project. I would to also thank the department of Mechanical and Aerospace engineering and San
Jose State library facility.
Lastly, I thank my parents and sister for the encouragement and moral support through it all.
INTRODUCTION
5
Table of Contents
Abstract iv
Acknowledgements v
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables x
List of Figures xii
Background of the project
Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation behind the project 1
1.2 Downwind faster than the wind concept 3
2. Preview to propeller theory 7
6 3. Propeller Design 8
3.1Constraints and requirements to the design 8
3.2Theoretical background of Java Prop 8
3.3 Java Prop design process 9
4. Selection of airfoils
4.1 Airfoil comparison 11
4.2 Airfoil selection 20
4.3Input variables and constants 21
4.4Javaprop output 24
4.4.1 Analysis of the output 25
4.5 Results based on Java Prop 27
5. Design of propeller in catia 31
5.1 Airfoil coordinates 31
5.2Steps to design 31
5.3 Final design 32
6. Results 36
7. Conclusion and recommendations 36
References 39
7
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO PAGE NO
Table 1 Equations for design point 11
Table 2 Airfoil characteristics comparison 13
Table 3 Input conditions of NACA 6412 29
Table 4 The various output for NACA 6412 as the propeller 30
Table 5 Propeller geometry using NACA 6412 41
Table 6 Airfoil co-ordinates of NACA 6412 43
Table 7 16 feet input variable 60 rpm 46
Table 8 Propeller geometry at rpm 60 47
Table 9 Single Analysis at 60 rpm 48
Table 10 Multi Analysis at rpm of 60 49
Table 11 Input values at rpm of 80 49
Table 12 Propeller Geometry at rpm of 80 50
Table 13 Single Analysis at rpm of 80 51
8 Table 14 Multi analysis at rpm of 80 52
Table 15 Input values at 100rpm 52
Table 16 Propeller geometry at 100 rpm 53
Table 17 Single analysis at 100 rpm 53
Table 18 Multianalysis at 100 rpm 54
Table 19 Input values at 120 rpm 54
Table 20 Propeller geometry at 120 rpm 55
Table 21 Single analysis at 120 rpm 56
Table 22 Multi analysis at 120 rpm 57
Table 23 Input values at 140 rpm 57
Table 24 Propeller geometry at 140 rpm 58
Table 25 Single analysis at 140 rpm 59
Table 26 Multi analysis at 140 rpm 60
Table 27 Input values at 160 rpm 60
Table 28 Propeller geometry at 160 rpm 61
Table 29 Single analysis at 160 rpm 62
Table 30 Multi analysis at 160 rpm 63
9 Table 31 Input values at 180 rpm 63
Table 32 Propeller geometry at 180 rpm 64
Table 33 Single analysis at 180 rpm 65
Table 34 Multi analysis at 180 rpm 65
Table 35 Input values at 200 rpm 66
Table 36 Propeller geometry at 200 rpm 66
Table 37 Single analysis at 200 rpm 67
Table 38 Multi analysis at 200 rpm 67
C)
Table 39 Input at 200 rpm 68
Table 40 Propeller geometry at 200 rpm 68
Table 41 Single analysis at 200 rpm 69
Table 42 Multi analysis at 200 rpm 69
Table 43 Input values at 180 rpm 70
Table 44 Propeller geometry at 180 rpm 70
Table 45 Single analysis at 180 rpm 71
Table 46 Multi analysis at 180 rpm 71
10 Table 47 Input values at 160 rpm 72
Table 48 Propeller geometry at 160 rpm 72
Table 49 Single analysis at 160 rpm 73
Table 50 Multi analysis at 160 rpm 73
Table 51 Input values at 140 rpm 74
Table 52 Propeller geometry at 140 rpm 74
Table 53 Single analysis at 140 rpm 75
Table 54 Input values at 120 rpm 75
Table 55 Propeller geometry at 120 rpm 76
Table 56 Single analysis at 120 rpm 77
Table 57 Multi analysis at 120 rpm 78
Table 58 Input values at 100 rpm 78
Table 59 Propeller geometry at 100 rpm 79
Table 60 Single analysis at 100 rpm 80
Table 61 Multi analysis at 100 rpm 81
Table 62 Input at 80 rpm 81
Table 63 Propeller geometry at 80 rpm 82
11 Table 64 Single analysis at 80 rpm 83
Table 65 Multi analysis at 80 rpm 83
Table 66 Input values at 60 rpm 84
Table 67 Propeller geometry at 60 rpm 84
Table 68 Single analysis at 60 rpm 85
Table 69 Multi analysis at 60 rpm 86
Table 70 Input values at 40 rpm 86
Table 71 Propeller geometry at 40 rpm 87
Table 72 Single analysis at 40 rpm 88
Table 73 Multi analysis at 40 rpm 89
Table 74 Input at 200 rpm 89
Table 75 Propeller geometry at 200 rpm 90
Table 76 Single analysis at 200 rpm 91
Table 77 Multi analysis at 200 rpm 91
Table 78 Input values at 180 rpm 92
Table 79 Propeller geometry at 180 rpm 92
Table 80 Single analysis at 180 rpm 93
12 Table 81 Multi analysis at 180 rpm 93
Table 82 Input values at 160 rpm 94
Table 83 Propeller geometry at 160 rpm 94
Table 84 Single analysis at 160 rpm 95
Table 85 Multi analysis at 160 rpm 95
Table 86 Input values at 140 rpm 96
Table 87 Propeller geometry at 140rpm 96
Table 88 Single analysis at 140 rpm 97
Table 89 Multi analysis at 140 rpm 97
Table 90 Input values at 120 rpm 98
Table 91 Propeller geometry at 120 rpm 98
Table 92 Single analysis at 120 rpm 99
Table 93 Multi analysis at 120 rpm 100
Table 94 Input values at 100 rpm 100
Table 95 Propeller geometry at 100 rpm 101
Table 96 Single analysis at 100 rpm 102
Table 97 Multi analysis at 100 rpm 103
13 Table 98 Input at 80 rpm 103
Table 99 Propeller geometry at 80 rpm 104
Table 100 Single analysis at 80 rpm 105
Table 101 Multi analysis at 80 rpm 105
Table 102 Input at 60 rpm 106
Table 103 Propeller geometry at 60 rpm 106
Table 104 Single analysis at 60 rpm 107
Table 105 Multi analysis at 60 rpm 107
Table 106 Input at 40 rpm 108
Table 107 Propeller geometry at 40 rpm 108
Table 108 Single analysis at 40 rpm 109
Table 109 Multi analysis at 40 rpm 110
14
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO PAGE NO
Figure 1 Dr.Andrew Bauer’s cart 2
Figure 2 Stream tube for a propeller at initial stage 4
Figure 3 Flow chart if design process 10
Figure 4 Clark Y Geometry 14
Figure 5 Drag polar for Clark-Y 15
Figure 6 Lift for Clark- Y 15
Figure 7 NACA 6412 plot geometry 16
Figure 8 Lift for NACA 6412 16
Figure 9 Drag polar for NACA 6412 17
Figure 10 NACA 9412 geometry 17
Figure 11 Lift for NACA 9412 18
Figure 12 Drag Polar for NACA 9412 18
Figure 13 MH114 airfoil geometry 19
15 Figure 14 Lift curve for MH114 19
Figure 15 Drag polar for MH114 20
Figure 16 Input parameters in JavaProp 22
Figure 17 Input of the airfoil in JavaProp 23
Figure 18 Geometry of the propeller 24
Figure 19 Multi analysis of the propeller 26
Figure 20 Single analysis of the propeller 27
Figure 21 Comparison of different diameter for Clark-Y airfoil 28
Figure 22 Advance ratio vs efficiency 29
Figure 23 2-D view of the one blade of the propeller 33
Figure 24 2-D view of the propeller 34
Figure 25 3-D view of the propeller 35