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Vierteljahreszeitschrift Für Stadtgeschichte, Stadtsoziologie, Denkmalpflege Und Stadtentwicklung

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Vierteljahreszeitschrift Für Stadtgeschichte, Stadtsoziologie, Denkmalpflege Und Stadtentwicklung E 61292 30. Jahrgang' 2003 • Heft 3 Vierteljahreszeitschrift für Stadtgeschichte, Stadtsoziologie, Denkmalpflege und Stadtentwicklung Begründet von Otto Borst Schwerpunkt: Stadt mit Sicherheit Herausgegeben von Volker Roscher Die alte Stadt 30. Jahrgang Die alte Stadt Heft 3/ 2003 Vierteljahreszeitschriftfür Stadtgeschichte, Stadtsoziologie, Denkmalpflegeund Stadtentwicklung Herausgegeben von der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Die Alte Stadt in Verbindung mit Gerd Albers, Helmut Böhme, August Gebeßler, Stadt mit Sicherheit Friedrich Mielke, Jürgen Reulecke, Erika Spiegel und Jürgen Zieger Begründet von Otto Borst Zwischen Unsicherheit, Kriminalstatistik und Law-and-order-Politik Redaktionskollegium: zur Fortsetzung bis auf Widerruf. Kündigungen Herausgegeben von Volker Roscher HANS SCHULTHEISS ( Chefredakteur) - Prof. Dr. des Abonnements können nur zum Ablauf eines AUGUST GEBESSLER (Geschäftsführer der Arbeitsge­ Jahres erfolgen und müssen bis zum I5. Novem­ Abhandlungen meinschaft Die alte Stadt e.V.) - Dr. WINFRIED ber des laufenden Jahres beim Verlag eingegan­ MÖNCH (Besprechungen). gen sein. VOLKER ROSCHER, Editorial .. ........................................................................... 181 Prof. Dr. HARALD BODENSCHATZ, TU Berlin, Institut INGRID BREcKNER / KLAUS SESSAR, Unsicherheiten in der Stadt und für Sozialwissenschaften - Prof. Dr. DIETRICH Verlag: Franz Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden GmbH, ............. ........ .. ... .............................. DENECKE, Universitat Göttingen, Geographisches Sitz Stuttgart Kriminalitätsfurcht. Ein Gespräch . .. 185 Institut - Prof. Dr. ANDREAS GESTRICH, Universität Birkenwaldstraße 44, D-70I9I Stuttgart; KLAUS SESSAR, Kriminologie und urbane Unsicherheiten ...... ................. ...... 195 Trier, Fachbereich Geschichte - Prof. Dr. TILMAN Postfach 101061, D-70009 Stuttgart HARLANDER, Universität Stuttgart, Institut Wohnen Tel.: (07II) 2582-0, Fax: (07II) 2582-408 (390), INGRID BREcKNER, Unsicherheiten im städtischen Alltag. Soziologische und Entwerfen - Dr. HELMUT HERBST, Galerie der Internet: http://www.steiner-verlag.de, E-mail: Blicke auf räumliche Kontexte, Wahrnehmungen und Stadt Waiblingen - Prof. Dr. JOHANN JESSEN, Uni­ [email protected] .. ........................ ... ............................ ................ Handlungsoptionen . ... .. 217 versität Stuttgart, Städtebau-Institut - Prof. Dr. Anzeigenleitung (verantwortlich): Susanne RArNER Jooss, PH Schwäbisch Gmünd, Histori­ Szoradi ([email protected]) JUAN RODRIGUEz-LoREs, Zur Dialektik der Sicherheit .... ............................... 233 sches Seminar - Dr. URSULA VON PETZ, RWTH Aachen, Planungstheorie und Stadtplanung - Mit Namen gekennzeichnete Beiträge geben nicht WALTER SIEBEL / JAN WEHRHEIM, Projektion von Angst. 12 Thesen zum VOLKER ROSCHER, Bund Dt. Architekten Hamburg­ unbedingt die Meinung der Redaktion wieder. Der Zusammenhang von Unsicherheiten im öffentlichen Raum und deren Prof. Dr. JOACHIM SCHULTIS, Heidelberg - Prof. Dr. Verlag haftetnicht für unverlangt eingereichte Einflussfaktoren .......................... .................. .................................. .... ..... 244 DIETER SCHOTT, University ofLeicester, Dep. of Manuskripte. Die der Redaktion angebotenen WALTER SIEBEL, Die überwachte Stadt - Ende des öffentlichen Raums? .... 247 Economic and Sodal History - Prof. Dr. HOLGER Originalbeiträge dürfen nicht gleichzeitig in SONNABEND, Universität Stuttgart, Historisches anderen Publikationen veröffentlichtwerden. Mit KATJA VEIL / UWE-JENS WALTHER, Sichere Innenstädte in Großbritannien. Institut. der Annahme zur Veröffentlichtung überträgt der Von der Kriminalprävention zur Verhaltensregulierung? Autor dem Verlag das ausschließliche Verlagsrecht Beobachtungen und Anmerkungen zum Beispiel Coventry ................... 258 für die Zeit bis zum Ablauf des Urheberrechts. Redaktionelle Zuschriften und Bespre­ Eingeschlossen sind insbesondere auch das Recht chungsexemplare werden an die Redaktions­ zur Herstellung elektronischer Versionen und zur Literaturbericht adresse erbeten: Die alte Stadt, Postfach 10 03 55, Einspeicherung in Datenbanken sowie das Recht WINFRIED MÖNCH, Städte zwischen Zerstörung und Wiederaufbau. 73726 Esslingen a.N., Marktplatz I6, 73728 zu deren Vervielfältigung und Verbreitung online Esslingen a.N., Tel.: (07II) 35I2 3242, und offline. Deutsche Ortsliteratur zum Bombenkrieg seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg ..... 265 Fax: (07II) 3512 24I8. Alle in dieser Zeitschrift veröffentlichten Beiträge sind urheberrechtlich geschützt. Kein Teil dieser Autoren ........................................................................................................... 290 Die Zeitschrift Die alte Stadt ist zugleich Mitglie­ Zeitschrift darf außerhalb der engen Grenzen des derzeitschrift der ca. 140 Städte umfassenden Urheberrechtsgesetzes ohne schriftliche Genehmi­ Besprechungen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Die alte Stadt e.V. gung des Verlags in irgendeiner Form reproduziert oder in eine von Maschinen, insbesondere von Martin Dinges / Fritz Sack (Hrsg.), Unsichere Großstädte? Vom Mittelalter Erscheinungsweise: Jährlich 4 Hefte Datenverarbeitungsanlagen verwendbare Sprache bis zur Postmoderne (Eva Wiebel) ................... ... ........................................ 29 1 zu je 88 Seiten übertragen werden. Bezugsbedingungen: Jahresabonnement Druck: Druckerei Peter Proff, EUR 76,- Einzelheft EUR I9,-, jeweils zuzüglich D-82547 Eurasburg Versandkosten. Vorzugspreis für Studierende gegen jährliche Vorlage einer gültigen Studien­ © 2003 Franz Steiner Verlag bescheinigung EUR 57,- zzgl. Versandkosten. Wiesbaden GmbH, Sitz Stuttgart Ein Abonnement gilt, falls nicht befristet bestellt, Printed in Germany. ISSN OI70-9364 V olker Roseher Stadt mit Sicherheit Zwischen Unsicherheit, Kriminalstatistik und Law-and-order-Politik Editorial Auch wenn der Haushalt für Soziales und Familie des Bundeslands Hamburg im Jahr 2002 um zweieinhalb Prozent gesunken ist, so muss man sich um die "innere Sicherheit", deren Haushalt um 2,4 Prozent erhöht wurdel, offenbar keine Sorgen machen. Nach der Rezeption von Zitaten des damals zuständigen Innensenators ist man sich dann allerdings nicht mehr so ganz sicher, hält er doch die Gen-Analyse für ein "wirksames Mittel" zur Verbesserung der Aufklärung von Straftaten in Ham­ burg und führt aus: "Die meisten Straftäter, die jemanden vergewaltigen oder er­ morden, sind vorher polizeilich in Erscheinung getreten. "2 Die von ihm gleichzeitig unterstellte Täterkarriere vom Schwarzfahrer zum Mörder erscheint dann schließ­ lich doch ein wenig angestrengt und führt uns drastisch den Grund vor, warum wir dieses Heft dem Thema Stadt und Sicherheit widmen. Es ist die Stadt, die Trägerin der Kultur- und der sozialen Integrationsleistungen unserer Gesellschaft ist. Es war und ist ein ständiges Ringen um ihre Daseinsform, und es existierte niemals nur lineares kulturelles und integratives Aufstreben, son­ dern stets auch die gegenläufige Tendenz. Über viele Jahrhunderte bot die Stadt "Sicherheit" und Perspektive in ökonomischer und sozialer Hinsicht. Dabei hat in der Geschichte der Stadt und der Staaten die "Sicherheit" sehr unterschiedliche Aus­ deutungen erfahren: Die securitas im Zusammenhang mit pax der augusteischen Zeit beschrieb den Friedensraum im Römischen Imperium. Ab dem 12. Jahrhundert werden auch Stra­ ßen, Märkte, Klöster, Besitzungen und Rechte mit dem Sicherheitsbegriff belegt. Später reduziert sich der Begriff immer mehr auf die Sicherheit der Straßen bei gleich­ zeitigem Bedeutungszuwachs von "Friede" für den angestrebten Gesamtzustand des Gemeinwesens. Seit Machiavelli und weiter im 16. Jahrhundert wird der Begriff auf die äußere Sicherheit von Staaten und Landesverteidigung bezogen. In der Folge gilt dieses für den (Militär-)Staat, und die securitas des Staates tritt in Konkurrenz zu der libertas (Freiheit) der Stände. Das 17. Jahrhundert beschert die Unterschei­ dung zwischen äußerer und innerer Sicherheit und in seiner zweiten Hälfte begrün­ den Hobbes und Pufendorf die Sicherheit philosophisch als Staatszweck und damit Vgl. Hamburger Abendblatt, 26.06.2002, S. 12. 2 Vgl. Hamburger Abendblatt, 14.06.2003, das auf S. 12 titelt: "Schill: Gentest für Schwarzfahrer". Die alte Stadt 3/2003 182 Valker Rascher Stadt mit Sicherheit 183 als Voraussetzung für ein Leben mit gesichertem Eigentum in Wohlfahrt und Be­ besonders darauf hingewiesen, dass ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Kriminalitäts­ quemlichkeit. Das 18. Jahrhundert rückt die "Glückseeligkeit der Bürger" in den furcht, also Unsicherheiten und einem Anstieg der Kriminalität nicht besteht. Was aller­ Vordergrund, die der obrigkeitliche Auftrag der "Polizey" wurde. Mit der Französi­ dings auftritt, ist eine "hochsignifikante Beziehung zwischen den "law and order"­ schen und Amerikanischen Revolution beginnt der Begriff Freiheit - vor allem vor Programmen der Politik und den dadurch ausgelösten Sorgen der Öffentlichkeit."13 staatlichen Eingriffen - sich nach vom zu schieben und meint "Sicherheit vor dem Für das vorgelegte Heft ergibt sich unter anderem die Frage, verträgt die Stadt Staat" . Der entstehende Rechtsstaat setzte sich so gegen den früheren "Polizeystaat". die sich seit nunmehr 20 Jahren verschärfende "Sicherheitsdebatte" , die nachweis­ Seit 1829 gibt es die erste professionelle Großstadtpolizei in London und fast gleich­ lich keinen empirischen Hintergrund einer anwachsenden Kriminalität belegen kann, zeitig - in Deutschland etwa 50 Jahre später - entstehen hier und in Paris die ersten die allerdings
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