TYPES OF PLAGIARISM & UNORIGINAL WORK The following information was taken from The Plagiarism Spectrum found at turnitin.com Click to Begin #1 CLONE Submitting someone else’s work, word-for-word, as your own. Previous Next CLONE From a survey of 900 secondary and higher education instructors, on a scale of 1-10, cloning ranks 9.5 and is both the most common and most severe type of plagiarism. Frequency 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Previous Next Cloning is intentional plagiarism and includes: using a friend’s paper from a previous class, purchasing a paper from a paper-mill, downloading a paper you found online, and other instances in which you turn in someone else’s work, unaltered, and claim it as your own. Previous Next #2 CTRL-C Containing significant portions of text from a single source with alterations. Previous Next CTRL-C From a survey of 900 secondary and higher education instructors, on a scale of 1-10, Ctrl-c ranks 8.9 and is the second most common type of plagiarism. Frequency 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Previous Next Ctrl-c is a common process in which although you have written some of the assignment and included your own thoughts, there are still significant portions that match up word-for-word to another person’s writing, without citation. This occurs often when you cull “research” from various sources, when in fact all you are doing is cutting- and-pasting various sentences from various sources to create paragraphs. Cutting-and-pasting should be avoided. Previous Next #3 FIND-REPLACE Changing key words and phrases but retaining the essential content of the source. Previous Next FIND-REPLACE From a survey of 900 secondary and higher education instructors, on a scale of 1-10, find-replace ranks a 3.9 in terms of frequency. Frequency 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Previous Next Find-Replace occurs when you copy a sentence from a source, but change a few key words to alter it and attempt to make it your own. You may think you have changed it enough, but in fact you haven’t. The goal is to put the information entirely in your own words, and then still cite the source if necessary. Previous Next #4 REMIX Mixing paraphrased material from multiple sources. Previous Next REMIX From a survey of 900 secondary and higher education instructors, on a scale of 1-10, remixing ranks a 5.6 in terms of frequency. Frequency 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Previous Next Remixing occurs when you attempt to paraphrase multiple sentences from multiple sources. This is similar to Find-Replace in your attempt to alter the original information, but still, if you use ideas that are not your own, and information that is not your own, no matter how much you changed the wording, you still need to cite your sources. Previous Next #5 RECYCLE Borrowing generously from one’s previous work without citation. Previous Next RECYCLE From a survey of 900 secondary and higher education instructors, on a scale of 1-10, recycling ranks a 5.5 in terms of frequency. Frequency 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Previous Next Recycling is a tricky type of plagiarism that is the cause of much educational strife. Recycling occurs when you use your own previous work for an assignment. Some professors allow this and some do not. Always check with your professor as to whether or not you may use previous work for a current assignment. Some professors even have a policy mentioning this in their syllabus. When in doubt, and when the professor is unavailable, do new work. Professors give assignments relevant to the topic at hand and usually they would like for you to complete new work for that specific assignment. Previous Next #6 HYBRID Combining perfectly cited sources with copied passages without citation. Previous Next HYBRID From a survey of 900 secondary and higher education instructors, on a scale of 1-10, hybrid ranks a .5 in terms of frequency. Frequency 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Previous Next Hybrid occurs when you have some perfectly cited sources with copied passages that aren’t cited. It’s like trying to sneak in information under the radar because you, 1) don’t remember where it came from or, 2) don’t think that the professor will notice because you’ve cited everything else properly. Previous Next #7 MASHUP Mixing copied material from multiple sources. Previous Next MASHUP From a survey of 900 secondary and higher education instructors, on a scale of 1-10, mashup ranks a 9.1 in terms of frequency. Frequency 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Previous Next Mashup occurs when you pull copied information from multiple sources and mix them up together to create sentences and paragraphs. This is similar to remixing, but you haven’t attempted to paraphrase anything, you’ve just copied it “as-is.” Keep this in mind: although copying-and-pasting multiple sentences from multiple sources and putting them together to create paragraphs may seem tempting, you are still plagiarizing. Previous Next #8 404 ERROR Citing non-existent sources or including inaccurate information about sources. Previous Next 404 ERROR From a survey of 900 secondary and higher education instructors, on a scale of 1-10, 404 Error ranks a .6 in terms of frequency. Frequency 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 Previous Next 404 Error, or File Not Found, is when you attribute your information to a reference that does not exist. This also happens when you create a deliberate typo in an otherwise credible- seeming source. This will only create frustration on your professor’s part and show that you knowingly and deliberately misled them. Previous Next #9 RSS FEED Including proper citation of sources but containing almost no original work. Previous Next RSS FEED From a survey of 900 secondary and higher education instructors, on a scale of 1-10, RSS Feed ranks a 2.8 in terms of frequency. Frequency 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Previous Next RSS Feed is seemingly harmless because you took care to completely cite every single thing. Keep in mind, even though you thought you did everything correctly, there is almost no original thought or writing in your work. A paper full of someone else’s research, however properly cited, is still not your own work. Previous Next #10 RE-TWEET Including proper citation but relying too closely on the text’s original wording and/or structure. Previous Next RE-TWEET From a survey of 900 secondary and higher education instructors, on a scale of 1-10, re-tweet ranks a 4.4 in terms of frequency. Frequency 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Previous Next Re-tweeting is similar to RSS Feed but instead of copying word-for-word, you have made some attempt to paraphrase the original source. Beginning.