AN EVALUATION OF METHODS FOR MAPPING HARD BOTTOMS IN THE SOUTH ATLANTIC BIGHT
by
S.W. Ross North Carolina State University Department of Zoology Raleigh, NC 27695
E.K. Barber Duke University Marine Laboratory Beaufort, NC 28516
ReB. Searles Duke University Department of Botany Durham, NC 27706
S.R. Riggs Department of Geology East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27834
Completion Report for Project SM-11, Activity II of North Carolina/National Marine Fisheries Service Cooperative Southeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program (SEAMAP)
March 1987
This project was conducted under contract to the North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, Division of Marine Fisheries
Mention of specific brand names does not imply endorsement by the North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction 1 Methods 3 User Survey 4 Data Evaluation 4 Direct Data 5 Evaluations of Indirect Data 9 Geophysical Surveys 9 Biological Data 23 Results and Discussion 33 User Survey 33 Data Evaluation 37 Data Acquisition and Conversion 37 Data Structure and Limits 42 Physical Data 42 Biological Data 45 Hard Bottom Habitat Evaluation 48 Direct Observations 48 Indirect Data Collections 50 Geophysical Surveys 50 Biological Surveys 54 Fish Oriented 54 Invertebrate Oriented 107 Algae Oriented 108 Conclusions 112 Recommendations 115 Acknowledgements 118 Literature Cited 119 Appendices A-J INTRODUCTION
The Southeast Area Monitortng and Assessment Program-South Atlantic
( SEAMAP·-SA) is responsible for providing a unifying framework for manage.rnent and research agencies operating in the marine waters of the
South Atlantic Bight (SAB). This program potentially inherits a huge volume of historical data from throughout the area, much of which has not
been extensively analyzed. These data, from federal and state cruises,
university projects, and individual re.search efforts·' date back at least to
the 1950's, With some extensive filtering and manipulations a wealth of
knowledge on animal and habitat distributions and abundances could be
extracted. SEAMAP, therefore, initiated this project to evaluate data on
the area's hard bottom resources and to determine who would be interested
in these data. Also of importance to SEAMAP, in addition to feasibility of
historical data analysis, is the development of guidelines for data handling that will be compatible with future sampling. A consensus is
needed from the many area-wide agencies having an influence on the habitat
and its biota as to the data requirements dictated by their management or
research goals,
Quantity of habitat is often underemphasized in biology. Ecologists
are routinely concerned with animal or plant relationships to abiotic
factors and their roles in determining community structure. Type of
habitat is, thus, an important ecological characteristic. For biota like
primary reef fishes that are tied to certain habitats (i.e. substrates),
the amount of habitat is also very important and can often be equated with
the biomass or numbers of the biota. Data on the placement, size, and type
of reef (hard bottom) habitat can indirectly provide much information about
the inhabiting biota because data exist on species composition~ 2
distribution, and abundance for numerous types of reefs. In fact, if given the depth, season, latitude, and profile of a SAB or northern Gulf of
Mexico hard bottom, a reasonably accurate li.st of associated algae, invertebrates, and fishes~ including relative abundances, could be provided.
Basic knowledge of the hard bottom, non-coral habitats of the temperate SAB and northern Gulf of Mexico has lagged behind that for tropical coral reefs. Significant progress in data analysis over the last decade has shown that South Atlantic Bight hard bottoms are an important offshore habitat (e.g. Smith 1976; Grimes et al. 1982; Wenner 1983; Parker and Ross 1986), perhaps even the most productive offshore habitat. In attempting to manage, utilize, or study the biological resources of such areas it is necessary to knov7 how extensive the habitat is as well as what it contains. There have been several large-scale efforts to quantify or describe SAB hard bottom locations (Huntsman and Macintyre 1971; Parker et al. 1983; Henry et al. 1983; Barans and Henry 1984), the most recent of which (Mearns 1986) was incorporated into this study. As pointed out by
Mearns (1986) the terms reef, live bottom, hard ground, rock outcrop, and hard bottom are often used incorrectly and interchangeably. He generally used the term "hard bottom" to describe the SAB emergent and productive continental shelf lithified structures; ecologically, however, reef, live bottom, and outcrop may be synonymous in the way biota respond to complex habitats.
Ultimately, we believe it will be possible to accurately classify the benthic habitats of the SAB and estimate their areas. Such information would be useful in developing habitat specific fishery management plans, determining fishery yields for habitat specific organisms, predicting 3
impacts from energy or mining explorations, and planning future research.
The ultimate product is a long-term goal. This report represents a first attempt at addressing some problems relevant to quantifying one major continental shelf habitat (hard bottom) in a section of the SAB.
The objectives of this project were to: 1) Conduct a survey of SAB agencies bav:i.ng management responsibilities in the area to determine their involvement with hard bottom habitats, the type and detail of data they need, and how they view management of such data, and 2) Evaluate the adequacy of representative data sources from a test area in Onslow Bay, NC to meet the needs identified by the survey. The latter objective involved characterizing the type and format of data, variables included, and ease of data manipulation. In addition, data were evaluated for their ability to delineate hard bottom resources. We emphasize that our findings are most relevant to the North Carolina test area. Our evaluation of methods and problems may be widely applicable, but because our data were from a restricted area~ attempts to use our analyses outside the test area or especially outside North Carolina may yield variable and inaccurate results.
METHODS
Much of this report is an evaluation or development of methods; thus, this section and the Results and Discussion overlap considerably. General initial approaches outlined here are often covered in greater detail in subsequent sections. 4
User Survey
We designed the survey to determine the information needs of SAB agencies interested in offshore hard bottom resources and to stimulate suggestions on how hard bottom data should be managed and evaluated.
Fourteen questions were developed in conjunction with the SEAMAP Bottom
Mapping Work Group and mailed to 55 management agencies and other interested parties during November 1985. These questions covered the general topics: geographic area of interest; data storage and presentation; data types needed and their collection methods, precisions, and update frequencies; data standardization; managing agency; and agency goals, activities, and concerns as related to hard bottoms. Agencies could choose not to fill out the questionnaire by marking a "prefer not to complete" response. Appendices A and B contain distribution and response lists, respectively. The survey questions and answers are in Appendix C.
Answers to survey questions were evaluated by ourselves and the SEAMAP
Bottom Mapping Work Group in February 1986. In cases where responses would influence procedures in subsequent phases of this project, we attempted to incorporate the majority of the responses into a single best answer. This effort established the types of data required to satisfy management needs concerning SAB hard ground resources. The final task of the project was then to develop criteria and procedures to evaluate a subset of data in a test area off North Carolina, concentrating on data types determined to be important from the survey.
Data Evaluation
The test area for this phase of the project was a 30 nautical mile
(55.6 km) wide strip parallel to longitude between 77°53' and 77°23'W and 5
,; 200 rn in depth in southern Onslow Bay, NC (Figure l). We and the Bottom
Mapping Work Group nominated nine data sources representing the most common methods and project goals for evaluation in the test area (Table l). One of the sources, R.B. Searles (C.W. Schneider), provided only stations from the test area. The other eight sources provided all of their North
Carolina data from which only the test area stations were extracted and sorted into the final data set. These data were originally stored in a variety of ways ranging from original unanalyzed field data sheets to somewhat filtered, computer digitized form (Table l). In the process of evaluating the data, we also evaluated the difficulty of computerizing raw data and incorporating predigitized data of several formats into a single uniform data base.
Once the test area stations were isolated for each data source, variables were examined to determine whether they met precision requirements as determined from the survey. Techniques for determining how well the data from each source could define hard bottom habitat were evaluated. Previously published and unpublished evaluations (Table 1) were examined and incorporated if appropriate.
The test area data fall generally into two collection method categories: direct observation (i.e. presence of observer at the habitat) and indirect means (Table 2).
Direct Data
Direct observations (from SCUBA, submersible, or closed-circuit TV) were straightforward since the habitat and biota were viewed and judged in real time. These data usually contained a site specific habitat descri.ption which we accepted as the habitat clef inition, •, I ' I' '.. '-' 'I 37' Virginia I I' I I I I •• ' '' '• • 36' •• ' North Carolina • I • •' ' / •• 35' 0 50 / km • •. /200m •• ./ .• ' .. ,'' 34' South •. Carolina / / • .. •• --.- 33' 77'53' - ,.;··'.- , ... 78° 77' 76' 75' 74' 79' •
Figure 1. SEAMAP hard bottom project test area in Onslow Bay, NC. Table l. Test area data sources including basic descriptions of the types of data that were received and evaluated for the SEl~~P~SA project. NMPS refers to National Marine Fisheries Service~ BLM to Bureau of Land Management, }~RMAP to Marine Area Monitoring and Assessment Program, and DMF to Division of Marine Fisheries. Only the number of stations in the test area are given. Notebook means that data were in original field sheets or other non-computerized form3
1 Source Gear No. Original Primary 2° Biological Previous Reef Type Stations Storage Target Data Definition Analysis
S.VJ. Ross 2 10 Notebook Fish Rare Yes
R.B. Searles 4 93 Notebook Algae No Yes (C.W. Schneider) (Schneider 1975)
S.R. Riggs 4,7,8,9,10 2270 km Graphic Geology Yes (D.L. Mearns) seismic + other (Hearns 1986)
NMFS~Beaufort 3 4 Notebook Fish Rare Partial (R.O~ Parker) (Parker & Ross 1986)
BLM-Duke Univ. 1,2,4,5,6 45 Computer All biota Partial (Duke Univ. Marine Lab 1982)
2 NHFS-Woods Hole 1 182 Computer Fish Yes No
2 NMFS-Pascagoula 1 168 Computer Fish Yes Partial (Miller & Richards 1980)
2 SC-MARHAP 1,5,6 68 Computer Fisb Yes No
2 NC-DMF 1,4~6 100 Notebook Fish Yes Yes Shrimp (S.W. Ross)
1 Gears: l=trawl; 2=SCUBA, visual or hand collection; 3=submersible, visual; 4=dredge or grab; S=hook & line; 6=trap; ?=side-scan sonar; 8=vibracore; 9=3.5 kHz profiles; lO=Uniboom & Sparker 2 Mostly inconsistent lists of commercially important invertebrates.
"' Table 2. The quality and degree to which the test area data sources as originally received addressed the major parameters of interest as identified from the survey. Interest level was derived from the survey and our evaluation of the data. For location L-A or C=LORAN A or C; most latitude (Lat) and longitude (Long) data were derived from LORAN navigation.
l 2 Source Location Area Depth Relief Geology Biology Major Interest 3 Method
S.W. Ross L-A,C ft yes 1,3 A high
R.B. Searles Lat,Long ft 1,3 B low
S.R. Riggs 1-C yes m yes yes N high
NMFS-Beaufort 1-C ft partial 3 A high
BLM-Duke Univ. Lat,Long m 3,2 B moderate
NMFS-Woods Hole Lat,Long m 3 B low
NMFS-Pascagoula Lat,Long fm 3 B low
SC-MARMAP Lat,Long m 3 B low
NC-DMF Lat,Long fm 3 B low 1-A,C
1 ft=feet, fm=fathoms, m=meters. 2 Biological data: l=partial species, qualitative; 2=inclusive species, quantitative; 3=partial species~ quantitative~ 3 Method quality: A=direct observation or collection 9 non-destructive; B=indirect collection~ destructive; N=indirect, non-destructiveo
(YO 9
Evaluations of Indirect Data
Most data collection, whether geological or biological, involved indirect methods using surface deployed, unmanned equipment. We interpreted the data from these methods as related to physi.cal habitat structure to determine if objective methods for future interpretations could be developed.
Geophysical Surveys
Geophysical bottom survey techniques were evaluated by Mearns (1986), who incorporated a number of criteria for determining hard bottom locations in Onslow Bay, North Carolina. Because Mearns' (1986) data were among the nine test area data sources (S.R. Riggs data, Table 1) and because he adequately treated methods relevant to this study, we adopted his criteria 1 for examining geophysical data. The section and figure below describing the data base and how hard bottoms were interpreted are quoted directly from Mearns (1986):
Data Base
The data presented in this study were collected from 1980 to 1985, during 8 cruises aboard the Research Vessels Eastward (cruise 1/E-3-80), Endeavor (/IEN-057), Iselin (//I-8105), Cape Hatteras (//CH-13-82, /ICH-11-83, /ICH-08-84 and //CH-15-84) and Pierce (1/P-85). The majority of data was obtained while conducting an extensive, high-resolution seismic and litho-stratigraphic survey of the Miocene Pungo River Formation in Onslow Bay. The research strategy and survey designs dictated by the objectives of that project were not directed towards the study of hardbottoms and other surface features of the shelf. Consequently, the data base, although substantial, was at times limited in its utility. Nevertheless, it was examined in its entirety. It includes:
1 Mearns figures were renumbered to be consistent with figures in
this report. 10
*(1) over 6490 km of 3.5 kHz (Raytheon, Teledyne and Edo Western models) profiles;
*(2) over 4280 km of single-channel, high-resolution UNIBOOM (300 Hz to 15 kHz; EG&G model 230) and sparker (200 Hz to 5 kHz; EG&G model 267A and Teledyne Mini-sparker) profiles;
*(3) over 340 km of side-scan sonar (105 kHz +/- 10 kHz; EG&G model 272 towfish, model 259-3 recorder, and Seafloor Mapping System 960) profiles;
(4) 144 9 m, 4 inch-diameter (Alpine Ocean Seismic Surveys Inc.) vibracores;
(5) 26 Macintyre rock dredge hauls; 2 (6) 18 600 em NEL Reineck box cores;
(7) over 175 SHIPEK grab samples; and
(8) 6 hours of underwater TV-video (Edo Western model 1641) tapes.
Navigational control was maintained by a Loran C radio tracking system. Loran C fixes were recorded at five and ten minute intervals for sonar and seismic profiles~ respectively. Internal checks of the system's accuracy were made by matching seismic reflectors at profile intersections (Snyder, 1982; Matteucci, 1984), yielding an average error of 200m (in any single direction) for a given set of cruise data. The average error for data from two different cruises increased to 400 m with a maximum discrepancy of 1. 5 km using this technique. Differences in the positions recorded while passing over 10 distinctive features seen in two separately-collected, side-scan sonograph mosaics of the same area (cruises CH-08-84 and CH-15-84) were very consistent and averaged only 175 m. This indicates that the consistency between cruises might be greater than previously suspected.
Hardbottom Interpretation
The interpretation of hardbottom in this study is primarily based upon an analysis of 3.5 kHz seismic profiles. High resolution UNIBOOM and sparker data, collected in conjunction with the 3.5 kHz data, serve to confirm or support these interpretations while providing additional subbottom information. In a much lesser capacity, the various seafloor sampling techniques (rock dredge, vibracore and SHIPEK grab samples) were also used as supportive evidence when available.
*We estimated that ~2270 km of seismic tracks were in the test
area~ ll
Distinctive recognition criteria were employed during seismic profile analysis to serve as the basis for hardbottom interpreta tion (Fig. 4 [Figure 2, this report]). Listed in the general order of their interpretive value, these criteria are:
(l) SURFACE RELIEF: the difference in height as measured from the adjacent seafloor low to the hardbottom upper surface high. Assuming that unlithified sedimentary features maintain slopes no steeper than the angle of repose, all features with escarpment faces and a surface relief greater than 0.5 m high are interpreted to be hardbottoms.
(2) MULTIPLE AMPLIFICATION: an increase in the number and amplitude of simple, seafloor-surface seismic multiples. Multiple amplification is dependent upon the amount of energy reflected directly from the seafloor surface to the seismic receiver. A hardbottom generates a relatively increased amplification in the multiple(s) over that generated by unlithified sand or mud.
(3) REFLECTOR ATTENUATION: the seismic signal penetrating the subbottom is attenuated due to significant energy loss at the seafloor by reflection back to the sea surface, This is characterized by a disruption in the continuity of seismic reflectors located directly below the attenuating surface and results in a chaotic seismic record. As in criterion 2, more ene.rgy is reflected back to the sea surface by a hardbottorn than by a surface composed of unlithified sand or mud. Thus, reflector attenuation will be significantly pronounced beneath hardbottorn surfaces.
( 4) FISH SIGNATURES: a hyperbolic shaped signal recorded in the water column indicates schools of fish. The presence of such signals, usually in concert with one or more of the above criteria, supports the interpretation of a hardbottom as it is well known that large numbers of fish commonly gather over rock ledges and scarps.
Surface relief is undoubtedly the most definitive of all the hardbottom recognition criteria. When significant (<: 1.0 m), this factor can stand alone in the absence of supporting criteria toward recognizing the presence of a hardbottom. Difficulties in inter pretation arise when little relief is evident (low-relief hardbottom ,; 0. 5 m). Careful usage of the remaining criteria is necessary to determine if a hardbottom is present. In general, the interpretive practices employed in this study are conservative. Therefore, it is possible that a substantially greater percentage of the Onslow Bay seafloor is low-relief hardbottom.
Hearns followed Henry and Giles (1980) for definition of three general categories of hard bottom profile (relief): low-relief = < 0.5 m, moderate-relief = 0.5-2 m, and high-relief = > 2 m. Figures 3-5 (Mearns RECOGNITION CRITERIA
~ ::iE ~ J: 1-c. w 0 60- 0 500 w 1- <( ::iEx 0 20 c.0: c. <(
50- meters ,,·., so-: .,. 0••• 500
Figure 2. Figure 4 from Mearns (1986): 3.5 kHz seismic profile data displaying the recognition criteria used to interpret hardbottoms in this study. LOW-RELIEF HARDBOTTOM
UNIBOOM PROFILE 1 Q-· '"<> HtfNDBOTTOM SUNFtfct :I: a.f UJ Cl ~ CORRELATIVE 3.5 kHz PROFILE <( ::::;:x 0 0: a. a. <( • < 0.5m RELIEF • SUBSTRATE COMMONLY COVERED BY A THIN LAYERING OF SAND • POOR CANDIDATE FOR LIVEBOTTOM DEVELOPMENT WITH ONLY SPARSE • PRIMARILY LOCATED WITHIN TO MODERATE OCCURRENCE OF NORTHEASTERN ONSLOW BAY SESSILE EPIBENTHOS: PRINCIPALLY SPONGES, OCTOCORALS AND SOME • DISTRIBUTION TYPICALLY HARD CORALS CONTROLLED BY THE OUTCROP OF UPPER TERTIARY STRATA Figure 3. Figure 5 from Mearns ( 1986): Correlative UNIBOOM (upper panel) and 3.5 kHz (lower panel) seismic profile data and characteristics of low-rei ief hardbottoms. Note ( 1) slight topographic relief, (2) multiple amplification in the lower panel, and (3) fish signatures in the upper panel. MODERATE-RELIEF HARDBOTTOM 0.5 TO 2.0m RELIEF • DISTRIBUTION IS WIDESPREAD THROUGHOUT ONSLOW BAY GOOD CANDIDATE FOR LIVEBOTTOM DEVELOPMENT • DISTRIBUTION IS SOMETIMES WITH MODERATE TO CONTROLLED BY THE ABUNDANT OCCURRENCE OF OUTCROP OF UPPER SESSILE EPIBENTHOS TERTIARY STRATA MODERATE TO ABUNDANT • SUBJECT TO BIOEROSION REEF FISH COMMUNITY WITH LIMITED SCARP DEVELOPMENT Figure 4. Figure 6 from Mearns ( 1 986): 3.5 kHz seismic profil.e data and characteristics of moderate-relief hardbottom. Note ( 1) reflector attenuation, and (2) multiple amplification. HIGH-RELIEF HARDBOTTOM 500 • > 2.0m RELIEF • PRIMARILY LOCATED WITHIN SOUTHWESTERN ONSLOW BAY • EXCELLENT CANDIDATE FOR LIVEBOTTOM DEVELOPMENT WITH • PRIMARILY REPRESENT OUTLIERS OF MODERATE TO ABUNDANT OCCUR- QUATERNARY CALCARENITES THAT RENCE OF SESSILE EPIBENTHOS ARE COMMONL V UNDERLAIN BY BURIED FLUVIAL CHANNELS • MODERATE TO ABUNDANT REEF FISH COMMUNITY • SUBJECT TO INTENSIVE BIOEROSION WITH EXTENSIVE SCARP DEVELOPMENT Figure 5. Figure 7 from Mearns ( 1986): 3.5 kHz seismic profile data and characteristics of high-relief hard bottom. Note ( 1) reflector attenuation, and (2) multiple amplification. 16 1986) illustrate UNIBOOM and 3.5 kHz profiles of each relief type. Profile is a primary tool for determining bottom type (see above). Mearns (1986) also interpreted and defined the edges (margin slopes) of hardbottom features as follows: (2) GEOMORPHOLOGY: variations in the external form of a hardbottom surface resulting from the relative degree of inclination (slope) along its margin. a. SCARP: a steeply-sloped cliff or escarpment formed in response to intensive bioerosion (Fig. 8 [Figure 6, this report]). Primarily mediated by boring molluscs, scarp formation involves a process of progressive erosion and excavation eventually resulting in structural failure of the hardbottom margin. As the hardbottom recedes, a zone of flanking, boulder- sized debris is left in its place. Hardbottom margins marked by scarps serve as a focal point for live bottom communities and associated reef fish. b. RAMP: an unlithified, low angle surface formed by the accumulation of loose sediment adjacent to a hardbottom (Fig. 9 [Figure 7, this report]). Ramps are considered biologically unproductive and are typically oriented in a direction facing the northeast. Their precise nature is uncertain, but some available data indicate that they are preferred sites for the deposition of Holocene sands. c. LEVEL SURFACE: a surface continuous with the top of the hardbottom, displaying an absence of relief, but interprete.d to mark the horizontal transition from rock to unlithified sediment (Fig. 10 [Figure 8, this report]). Seismic profiles can adequately define hardbottoms over a small area under a vessel, but they represent a narrow track ove.r the bottom and, thus, cannot be used to estimate large areas~ To address the problem of determining areal extent of hard bottoms Mearns (1986) used side-scan sonar to construct mosaics of two small areas of Onslow Bay, NC. His Mosaic 2 was totally within the SEAMAP test area (Figure 9). General bottom texture (mud, sand, or gravel) can be interpreted from side-scan data. The section below, quoted from Mearns ( 1986), details side-scan sonar interpretation and mosaic construction. Figure 6. Figure 8 from Mearns ( 1986): Correlative side-scan sonograph (upper panel) ami 3.5 kHz seismic prof-ile data (lower panel) of a convoluted scarp margin and its associated debris. The sonography reveals the true areal extent of this hardbottom, which in the 3.5 kHz profile appeared as if it were two separate features. UNLITHIFIED RAMP NE sw 20- LOOSE SEDIMENT ;! HIIK 080TTOM \ .... (' S. OM SCIIKP UftECTOI( IITTENUIITION ~ ·,· ,_,.,;._, '"' 40-~~~~~i~?rrl{:'!.ry'· 50- ~ I 60- ' !;: w Cl 500 w 1- ~ SW NE x : I 0 a: 8:: 20- < Figure 7. Figure 9 from Mearns ( 1986): 3.5 kHz seismic profile data of unlithified ramps. Note ( 1) the consistent northeast and southwest orientation of ramps and scarps, respectively, (2) that attenuation of subsurface reflectors does not occur beneath the ramp surface, and (3) that there is no amplitude increase in the multiple beneath the ramp surface. These observations, particularly the latter two, indicate that the ramp surface is composed of unlithified sediments. I I ------; HAR DBOTTOM SURFACE -~------;;- SCARPS-~------ 500 Figure 8. Figure 10 from Mearns ( 1986): UNIBOOM seismic profile data of a level surface. Although there is no detectable change in surface relief, the seismic facies indicates a transition from a hardbottom surface to unconsolidated sediment. TITLE Hardbottom Distributions in SEA MAP Test Area Redrawn from Mearns (1986) Based on Seismic Profiles LEGEND = Low-relief hordbottom (<0.5m) = Medium-relief hordbottom 10.5·2m) - Highwretief hordbottom (>2m) • Rock outcrop from dredge (Blackwelder et ol. 1982) }v.J.H. Hard bottom from Henry et ol. (1983) R ~ Romp 0 = Outcrop reflector S = Scarp L = Level surface Mosaic# 2 '" Fear ,•' ... Figure 9. Hard bottom distribution in !he SEAMAP North Carolina lest area based on geophysical data from Mearns ( 1986). 21 Side-Scan Sonograph Interpretation Sonograph images are graphically printed on electrosensitive recording paper by electrical signals that are directly proportional to the acoustic energy backscattered from the seafloor (Flemming, 1976). Backscattered energy is influenced (1) by the altitude and orientation of the seafloor (topography) surface and (2) by surface reflectivity, which is a function of material density and surface roughness (sediment texture). Thus, the image reflects the geological nature of the seafloor, thereby allowing the differentiation of various geologic substrates (rock, sand and mud). The image appears in a form that approximates a topographic or plan-view map. The essentials of sonograph interpretation are based on a reflecting surface's interaction VJith the transmitted acoustic pulse and its ability to backscatter energy. Topographically high features with a slope facing the towfish receiver reflect more energy than relatively lower features or depressions. Consequently, highs record as dark images, while lows and areas that are "acoustically shadowed" by highs, record as light images. Dissimilar textural types, such as coarse sand/fine sand, sand/mud, and gravel/sand, can also be distinguished in a sonograph image, as the coarser material backscatters relatively more energy than the finer material. The former types record dark while the latter record relatively light. Since topographic features and textural properties produce similar effects on a sonograph, interpretation requires a level of experience by the operator. High-resolution seismic reflection data, collected concurrently with side-scan sonar data, are often beneficial in interpretation, although the seismic transducers generate some acoustical interference or 11 crosstalk. 11 Groundtruth, in the form of bottom samples (grab samples, rock dredges, etc.,) and direct observations (diver, submersible or TV-video data), is the preferred means of confirming a questionable interpretation, however, in most instances it is not available. The side-scan sonar data collected in this study was always accompanied by 3.5 kHz subbottom profiles. Side-Scan Sonograph Mosaics The recognition of hardbottoms in this study is based primarily upon an analysis of high-resolution seismic profiles. These profiles represent two-dimensional cross sections through the upper layers of sediment. Thus, these data cannot be extended laterally away from the section with any precision unless adjacent profile data are sufficiently close for correlation. The trackline spaci.ng required to correlate and map related hardbottoms using seismic profiles is usually from two to three orders of magnitude closer than the spacing that exists in the current database. Therefore, the capability to delineate true areal or lateral extent of individual hardbottoms based upon the available grid of seismic profiles is almost nil. Sonograph mosaics overcome the inherent 22 deficiencies in correlating seismic profiles by providing continuous lateral coverage of the seafloor. Thus, side-scan sonograph mosaics of representative hardbottoms are used as examples to show precisely how different hardbottom types are laterally distributed over the seafloor. Sonograph mosaics are developed by running straight, parallel survey tracklines spaced at intervals close enough to allow adjacent sonographs to overlap. When the resulting sonographs are mounted in their exact positions relative to the original navigational tracklines, they form a mosaic map of the seafloor analogous to an aerial photograph. The finished mosaics can be presented in several forms: as raw data in its original scale, photographically reduced at a much smaller scale, or as an interpreted map at a smaller scale. Construction of the two sonograph mosaics presented in this study differed because the two side-scan sonar systems used in the collection of data were fundamentally different. The first survey (Sonograph Mosaic 1) utilized an analogue system (EG&G model 259-3 recorder) which has no means for correcting ship speed changes between survey lines. This makes it essentially impossible to accurately match and overlap the adjacent sonographs of a large mosaic. Instead, sonograph lines are mounted side-by-side, but slightly apart rendering the mosaic discontinuous as an image. Nevertheless, the actual data coverage is continuous over the seafloor and, in concert with navigational fixes, interpretation of the sonographs will lead to production of a seafloor map that is nearly scale true. The second survey (Sonograph Mosaic 2) utilized a digital side-scan sonar system (EG&G Seafloor Mapping System 960) that employs a microprocessor to automatically correct data for the ship speed variations and slant range distortions that inhibited mosaic construction in the analogue system (Clifford et al., 1979). The data were graphically printed in real-time-display and also recorded on magnetic tape. Processing of the taped data during playback enabled construction of a finished mosaic that is uniformally printed, laterally continuous, and true to scale. Step-by-step procedure for the construction of a digital sonograph mosaic is presented by Coleman and Prior (1981). Although Mearns (1986) evaluated several frequently used geophysical techniques, his study did not review all such methods. Because geology differs throughout the SAB (V. J. Henry, pers. comm.), Mearns' interpretations may require modifications to achieve more universal applicability. 23 Biological Data Most biological data collected by indirect methods (surface deployed, unmanned gears) in the test area were sampled ~Jith various trawls targeted towards fishes (Tables l and 2). The other less us section. We concentrated our efforts on developing habitat definitions using catches from indirect sampling (trawl and fish data). If the techniques developed are valid, they could be developed for other biota and other sampling methods. Biological variables at each station in the data bases consisted of lists of fishes caught, numbers of individuals of each species, and weights of each species group. We believe that biomass (weight) is not a useful variable by which to scale individual species contributions for habitat evaluations. The size of an individual animal or plant may have little to do with the habitat it occupies. For example, one roughtail stingray, Dasyatis centroura, may weigh 300 lb (136 kg). This is a non-reef species often represented in trawl catches by one or two individuals, and its contribution to the total catch biomass would usually far outweigh contributions of smaller species which are. equally important in determining habitat composition~ In terms of defining habitat we feel that all species should have an equal contribution. In other words one stingray equals one goby or damselfish (both small species). Biomass is an important factor for determining energetic relationships among communities 24 and species and for other ecological considerations, but for the above reasons we eliminated it from habitat evaluations. Biomass data could be used in the future if weight data for the biota of known reef and non-reef habitats were quantified by meaningful groupings (i.e. season, depth) accounting for interannual variability~ Catch biomass could then be compared against known habitat specific quantities. Levels of affinity of fishes for reef (=hard bottom) habitat were defined by Starck (1968) as follows: Primary reef species - obligate reef species requiring reef--like, complex, structured habitats for nearly all life stages and functions. Such species are almost never found on non-reef habitats. Secondary reef species - species often found near or on reefs but also apparently able to survive in other habitats. They may leave reefs routinely for certain activities. All other fishes are non--reef species, although some (such as pelagics) may stray over or near reef areas. Starck's (1968) definitions are widely accepted, but the classification of some species may change by area or because of different evaluations by researchers. This is especially true of secondary species. We constructed two lists of reef fishes to use in evaluating catches. One is a depth specific indicator list of the most common, mostly primary reef fishes (Table 3); these fishes should he heavily represented in catches or observations from reef areas in the SAB. The second is a more inclusive list of primary and secondary reef fishes occurring in the SAB. It was modified from Miller and Richards (1980) by S.W. Ross, and it includes ali of the indicator list fishes. Since it is significantly changed from the original by additions and deletions, it is referred to in this report as the Ross-Miller-Richards (abbreviated R-M-R) 25 Table 3. List of hard bottom fish indicator species for the SAB by depth zone~ Less than 85 ft (26 m, 14 fm) Centropristis striata Pareques umbrosus Mycteroperca microlepis Tautoga onitis Serranus subligarius Parablennius marmoreus Haemulon aurolineatum Hypleurochilus geminatus Haemulon plumieri Monacanthus hispidus Calamus leucosteus Aluterus schoepfi Diplodus holbrooki Balistes capriscus Lagodon rhomboides 86 - 180 ft (26-55 rn, 14-30 fm) Holocentrus ascensionis Diplodus holbrooki Centropristis striata Pagrus pagrus Centropristis ocyurus Equetes lanceolatus Mycteroperca microlepis Pareques urnbrosus Mycteroperca phenax Holacanthus bermudensis Serranus phoebe Chaetodon ocellatus Priacanthus arenatus Chaetodon sedentarius Apogon pseudornaculatus Chrornis enchrysurus Rhomboplites aurorubens Lachnolaimus maximus (juveniles) Parablennius marmoreus Haemulon aurolineatum Monacanthus hispidus Haemulo~ plumieri Balistes capriscus Calamus leucosteus Lactophyrs quadricornis Calamus nodosus 181- 330 ft (55-100 m, 30-55 fm) Holocentrus ascensionis Calamus nodosus Centropristis ocyurus Pagrus pagrus Epinephelus drummondhayi Pareques umbrosus Hemanthias vivanus Pareques nov. sp. (black bar) Mycteroperca microlepis Holacanthus bermudensis 26 Table 3. (cont'd) Mycteroperca phenax Chaetodon aya Serranus phoebe Chaetodon ocellatus Priacanthus arenatus Chaetodon sedentarius Pristigenys alta Chromis enchrysurus Lutjanus sampechanus Lachnolaimus maxiumus Lutjanus vivanus Monacanthus ciliatus Rhomboplites ~~!orubens Balistes capriscus Haemulon plumieri ~~ctophyrs quadricornis Calamus leucosteus Canthigaster rostrata 331 - <\80 ft (100-145 m, 55-80 fm) Anthias nicholsi Lutjanus viv~ Epinephelus niveatus Rhomboplites aurorubens EpinepEelus flavolimbatus Calamus nodosus Hemanthias vivanus Pagrus pagrus_ Holanthias martinicensis Chaetodon aya Serranus phoebe Chaetodon sedentarius Caulolatilus microps Neomerinthe hemingwayi 481 - 660 ft (145-200 m, 80-110 fm) Gephyroberyx darwini Holanthias martinicensis Polyprion americanus Caulolatilus microps Zenopsis conchifera Pareques sp. nov. (black bar) ~ntigonia capros Chaetodon aya Anthias nicholsi Helicolenus dactylopterus Epinephelus niveatus Neomerinthe hemingwayi Epinephelus flavolimbatus 27 list (Table 4). Fishes not on the R-M-R list were either non-reef or pelagic species. A third tool for evaluating habitat using fish catches was developed with 99 North Carolina trawl stations previously evaluated as reef (48 stations) or non-reef (51 stations) by S.W. Ross. These are referred to as pre-classified stations. Thirty-six of the reef stations were collected by the R/V Dan ~_?ore (N.C. Division of Marine Fisheries) ' Yankee No. 41 trawl. The R/V Albatross IV (National Marine Fisheries Service) collected 12 of the reef stations and all of the non-reef stations with a Yankee No. 36 trawl. All stations were of 30 min tow durations and gear differences were considered to be minimal for the descriptive uses of the data. Reef stations ranged from 6-105 fm (11-192 m) and non-reef stations from 5-109 fm (9-199 m) with both groups of stations mostly occurring in depths less than 56 fm (102 m) (Appendix D). Most of these stations (97%) were occupied during late spring-fall, had bottom temperatures <: 22°C (excluding 5 stations > 90 fm), and thus, should represent temporal and thermal conditions that are optimal for reef fishes. We considered the assignment of habitat type to these stations to be conservative. Criteria for the hard bottom assignments were: 1) at least 50% of the total number of species in a catch were primary or secondary reef fishes, 2) numbers of individuals of reef species dominated the catches, 3) catch logs or personal observations indicated damage to nets and/or large collections of non-mobile hard bottom materials including rocks, sponges, corals, and algae, 4) fathometer tracings often indicated rough bottom. Since there are no ground truth data by which to judge these or other indirect method catches off North Carolina, there is a degree of subjectivity inherent in the above habitat assignments. Problems of 28 Table 4. Primary and secondary reef fishes of the South Atlantic Bight, derived from Miller and Richards (1980) and S.W. Ross; referred to as R-M-R list in this report. ORECTOLOBIDAE SERRANIDAE Ginglymostoma cirratum Anthias nicholsi MORAENIDAE Centropristis fuscula Gymnothorax hubbsi C. ocyurus G. moringa C. philadelphica G. saxicola C. striata Muraena retifera Dermatolepis inermis M. robusta Diplectrum formosum CONGRIDAE Epinephelus adscensionis Conger oceanicus E. drummondhayi Paraconger caudilimbatus E. flavolimbatus OPHICHTHIDAE E. fulvus Ahlia egmontis E. guttatus Myrichthys acuminatus E. mario Mystriophis intertinctus E. nigritus SYNODONTIDAE E. niveatus Synodus syn_£dus Hemanthias aureorubens BATRACHOIDIDAE Hemanthias vivanus Opsanus sp. Holanthias martinicensis 0. tau Hypoplectus unicolor GOBIESOCIDAE Liopropoma eukrines Gobiesox strumosus Mycteroperca bonaci ANTENNARIIDAE M. interstitialis Antennarius ocellatus M. microlepis HOLOCENTRIDAE M. phenax Corniger spinosus M. venenosa Holocentrus ascensionis Paranthias furcifer Myripristis jacobus Serraniculus pumilio FISTULARIIDAE Serranus baldwini Fistularia tabacaria S. notospilus F. petimba S. phoebe 29 Table. 4. (cont'd) SERRANIDAE (Continued) Haemulon £lumieri Serranus subligarius H. striatum .!!_. tigrinus SPARIDAE GRAMMISTIDAE ~rchosargus probatocephalus Rypticus bistrispin~~ _____Calamus ..:..;;;_::.::.::=calamus R. maculatus C. leucosteus PRIACANTHIDAE C. nodosus Cookeolus boops C. proridens Priacanthus arenatus Diplodus holbrooki Pristigenys alta Pagrus pagrus APOGONIDAE Stenotomus caprinus Apogon maculatus .!!_. cbrysops A· pseudomaculatus SCIAENIDAE ~strapogon alutus Equetus lanceolatus Phaeoptyx pigrnentaria Pareques umbrosus BRANCHIOSTEGIDAE .!:_. sp. (Black Bar) Caulolatils chrysops MULLIDAE C. cyanops Pseudupeneus maculatus C. rnicrops KYPHOSIDAE Malacanthus p~umier~ Kypho~ incisor LUTJANIDAE EPHIPPIDAE Lutjanus buccanel.la Chaetodipterus faber L. campechanus CHAETODONTIDAE L. cyanopterus Chaetodon ay.§': L. griseus C. capistratus L~ vivanus C. ocellatus Ocyurus chrysurus C. sedentarius Pristipornoides aquilonaris C. striatus ~homboplites aurorubens POMACANTHIDAE HAEMULIDAE Holacanthus bermudensis Anisotremus virginicus H. bermudensis x H. ciliaris Haemulon aurolineatum H. ciliaris 30 Table 4. (cont'd) POMACANTHIDAE (Continued) Sparisoma radians Holacanthus tricolor SPHYRAENIDAE Pomacanthus arcuatus Sphyraena barracuda .!'_. paru DACTYLOSCOPIDAE POMACENTRIDAE Gillellus healae ----Abudefduf saxatilis CLINIDAE A. taurus Starksia ocellata Chromis enchrysurus CHAENOPSIDAE C. insolatus Emblemaria atlantica C. multilineatus BLENNIIDAE C. scotti Hypleurochilus geminatus Eupomacentrus dorsopunicans Parablennius marmoreus E. partitus GOBIIDAE E. planifrons Corzphopterus E. variabilis punctipectophorus LABRIDAE Evermannichthys spongicola Bodianus pulchellus Gnatholepis thompsoni B. rufus Gobiosoma ginsb~rgi Clepticus. parrai .§_. xanthiprora Decodon puellaris Ioglossus calliurus Doratonotus megalepis Lythrypnus nesiotes Halichoeres bivittatus L. phorellus H. caudalis L. spilus H. garnoti ACANTHURIDAE H. maculipinna Acanthurus bahianus H. poeyi A. chirurgus Hemipteron.otus novacula A. coeruleus Lachnolaimus maximus SCORPAENIDAE Thalassoma bifasciatum Helicolenus dactzlopterus SCARIDAE Scorpaena agassiz! Cryptotomus roseus S. brasiliensis Nicholsina usta S. dispar 31 Table 4. (cont'd) DACTYLOPTERIDAE Dactylopterus volitans BALISTIDAE Aluterus heudeloti A. monoceros A. schoepfi A. scriptus Baliste~ capriscus B. vetula MONACANTHIDAE Monacanthus ciliatus E:f· hispidus OSTRACIIDAE Lactophrys polygon~~ L. quadricornis L. trigonus TETRAODONTIDAE Canthigaster rostrata Sphoeroides spengler~ DIODONTIDAE Chilomycterus schoepfi Diodon holocauthus D. hystrix 32 subjectivity can be lessened with increased observer experience. in terms of quantity and variety of data. The senior author was present at 69 of the 99 designated stations and, in addition to the above criteria, compared catches to depth specific lists of fishes observed (SCUBA or submersible) on North Carolina hard bottoms. These criteria are more conservative than those of M.iller and Richards (1980). Appendices E-H give descriptive data for the 99 designated trawl stations. The multivariate technique of discriminant analysi.s was used to classify test area trawl catches into reef or non-reef groups. Discriminant functions deal with simultaneous variation of several variables any one of which alone may not adequately separate (discriminate) groups, but in combination they usually can (Snedecor and Cochran 1967). Linear discriminant functions (SAS Institute Inc. 1985) were developed using species presence/ absence data from the 48 reef and 51 non-reef pre-classified stations as -"" pri()ri defined habitats. Input variables for these functions were: l) total number of species in a catch, 2) number of indicator list species (Table 3) in a catch., 3) number of R-M-R reef list species (Table 4) in a catch, 4) number of non-reef species in a catch, 5) number of R-M-R reef list species in a catch not on the indicator list, 6) total number of individuals in a catch, and 7 ,8,9,10) number of individuals (instead of species) as in categories 2-5 above. Tows collecting no fish (water hauls) were automatically assigned a non-reef category. If fewer than five fish species were caught in a full length tow, the tow was designated as non-reef, regardless of whether those fishes were reef species. Assignment of the reef habitat category to a trawl catch means that somewhere during the tow reef material was encountered. It is unlikely that any tow was totally over reef material. 33 Determination of the productivity or extent of the encountered reef is not possible from indirect methods. However, trawl evaluation methods were based mainly on large reef fish catches and primary reef species, and thus, the trawls designated as reef are biased toward larger reef areas because area and numbers of species and individuals generally are highly correlated for reef habitats. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION User Survey The distribution list for the survey, agency codes, and compiled answers to each question are provided in Appendices A-C. Responses were received from 28 of the 29 agencies that were mandatory contacts (Appendix B), and 7 of the 28 did not fill out the survey form. Fourteen additional completed forms were received from non-mandatory contacts. In all, thirty-five forms were completed. The following summarization of the user survey combines survey results (Appendix C) with evaluation of the survey by ourselves and the SEAMAP Bottom Mapping Work Group. Many issues briefly described below are discussed in greater detail in the Data Evaluation section. Survey respondents concluded that future habitat mapping efforts should include the whole South Atlantic Bight (Cape Hatteras to Cape Canaveral) extending from shore to the seaward edge of the Exclusive Economic Zone, 200 mi (322 km) offshore. We should point out that while these are the waters claimed hy the United States, the 200 mi limit extends considerably offshore of the continental shelf into water thousands of meters deep. Deeper than 200 m the fauna (algae are absent) occupying bard substrates is very different in composition and behavior from shallower 34 reef fauna. Below 200 m the differences between soft and hard bottom habitats seem to be less pronounced; hard bottoms at these depths form a less distinct biological system. While there are relatively few historical hard bottom biological or geological data available deeper than 200 m, our impression is that the habitat itself is less abundant and the exploitable biota (e.g. fishes) less common. Also the greater expense and difficulty of colleeting data from these depths complicate future efforts there. For these reasons we and the Bottom Mapping Work Group recommend that the highest management and research priorities related to hard bottoms be concentrated shallower than 250-300 m. Most major shipwreck and artificial reef locations are already documented; therefore, emphasis should be placed on natural hard bottom features. Survey respondents preferred methods of reef habitat data collection that were direct and/or non-destructive. These techniques, which include geophysical profiling (indirect, but non-destructive) and visual observation using SCUBA or submersible, were suggested for future reef habitat surveys and were given first priority in evaluations of historical data. Most management agencies are sensitive to the potentially destructive nature of some sampling methods, such as bottom trawls. Although there was only moderate interest in reef surveys using traditional methods (trawl, dredge, hook and line), we point out that a huge historical survey data base in the SAB was acquired by these methods. Many such surveys, including a developing one by SEAMAP-SA, are ongoing. Data from these surveys should not be dismissed and can be valuable in comparison with preferred methods. Management agencies were most interested in the biological resources, particularly fishes, of reef areas and preferred to have a data base 35 developed from which biological data could be extracted. Simple lists of species seemed to be the most desirable biological product with some emphasis in decreasing order of importance on commercially and recreationally important btota, fishes in general, dominant invertebrates (especially molluscs and crustaceans), macro-invertebrates in general, and flora. Identification to the species level was desired. Although abundance data were ignored by most respondents, numbers of individuals by species should be included as a minimum in any biological collection, and species group weights and/or size data are highly recommended. Relevant physical descriptions of hard bottom habitats are necessary to fully interpret biological data. Location to the nearest minute of latitude and longitude, depth to the nearest meter, area to the nearest square nauti.cal mile, profile (relief) to the nearest meter, and general lithology (clastic or carbonate rock) were desired physical parameters for a hard bottom data base. Collection dates and data sources (either organization, vessel or both) need to be included along with other biologically relevant parameters such as temperature, water clarity, and nutrients. Current live bottom user groups and names of those holding data on hard bottom sites were of little interest. A data base developed from historical or future reef related collections should be created, managed, and stored by one agency, namely SEAMAP-SA. The data retrieval flexibility desired by most users requires a standardized, computerized data system. Data should be available as summaries by any stored variable such as location, date, or depth. Although methodology to create such a system is a technical question best tackled by data management groups, one recommendation i.s that the data base consist of several files. One file might contain reef data that are 36 unchanging over time, including location, profile, and geology. Other files containing biological and physical variables that change over time could be linked with "fixed" data files by location or station. Regardless of what and how data are eventually stored, there was a desire by management agencies either to have variously scaled charts of reef locations produced for them or to have data available with which they could produce their own charts. As specified above, locations to the nearest nautical mile (1 min of latitude and longitude) should be available for charting. Narratives documenting both the original data sources in the hard bottom data base as well as the new SEAMAP data base should be produced and should accompany any data sets supplied to users. Such documentation is critical in preventing misuse of the system and facilitating data interpretation. The data base should be updated annually. Standardization of a data base can occur at the field, computer storage, analytical or all phases, but it is nearly impossible to create standards, especially for field methods, that satisfy a diverse group. This was apparent in the user survey (Appendix C, Question 10). The SEAMAP Bottom Mapping Work Group suggested that data supplied by cooperators for storage and handling by SEAMAP be required to be submitted in a standard format, regardless of how it was collected or coded. We suggest that it is impractical to force standardization of field methods on diverse SAB agencies. Standardization of data coding, formats, and computer systems is feasible and efforts should be concentrated here. Along these lines, survey results suggested a preference for IBM compatible systems. The ability to transfer data electronically via modern or by tape and disk should be incorporated. Most agencies can handle 1/2 inch, 9-track, 37 1600 BPI magnetic tapes and/or IBM compatible 5-1/4 inch floppy diskettes. Eventually SEAMAP may need to conduct a more extensive survey of both the hardware and software available to cooperators. Overall there is strong interest in having SEAMAP develop as soon as possible a hard bottom data base that emphasizes location and area of this babi.tat. Almost unanimous concern was expressed for the protection of hard bottoms, especially their fishery resources., Particular problems identified were adverse impacts from fishery mismanagement and environmental degradation from mineral development. Summaries of agency activities and goals as well as which agencies are sources of reef related data are in Appendix C (Questions ll-13). Responses to Questions 11 and 12 (Appendix C) should not be considere.d as a comprehensive guide to the amount of reef related activity or data presently existing. Data Evaluation The following sections describe the test case portion of the project, including data acquisition and evaluation, generation of procedures and standards for data handling, and development of an algorithm for determining general bottom composition from available data. Data Acquisition and Conversion Three of the nine sources (Table 1), S.W. Ross, S. R. Riggs (and Mearns), and NMFS-Beaufort, were already in hand. From one to twelve weeks were required to obtain the test area data from the other six sources, and this process encompassed a variety of problems, none of which was insurmountable. Ease or timing of acquisition was not linked with ease of use. Non·-computerized data were easily obtained but difficult to use, 38 whereas pre-digitized data were slowly acquired, but much more easily manipulated and incorporated into tbe project. The largest non-computerized database was the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries R/V Dan Moore trawl survey. As determined from cruise report maps, one hundred stations were occupied in the test area. Station and biological data sheets for these were then retrieved, and station logs with environmental data were digitized. Biological data on the field data sheets were not in a readily digitized format and demanded close scrutiny, many interpretations, and much time for key entry. Therefore, most of the Dan Moore test site biological data were not computerized. We feel this is not a major omission because four other test area data sources used trawl gear extensively with methods similar to those of the Dan Moore. About three weeks were required to handle these data to this point. Based on key entry time for Dan Moore biological data from 98 hard bottom collections that were previously analyzed, we estimate that an additional two weeks would be required to digitize the biological data from all 100 test area stations~ The relatively small SCUBA and submersible data sets from S.W. Ross and R.O. Parker, respectively, were completely digitized. This was feasible only because we eliminated the time consuming task of data coding and developed an easy method of key entering data directly from original field sheets. This technique consisted, in part, of shortening fish species names to an eight letter code composed of the first four letters of the genus and first four letters of the trivial name. We detected no overlapping fish codes using this system, and our rate of data entry was about 10 stations per day, including biological and station log data. 39 Acquisition and incorporation of the R. B. Searles and S. R. Riggs data did not require extensive effort. Required segments from each of these sources were readily provided, but lack of digitization prevented much analysis beyond that already accomplished by Searles (and Schneider) or Riggs (and Mearns). For determining basic presence or absence of hard bottoms, this lack of computerization was not a problem. Data from these sources are discussed in greater detail in the Data Structure and Limits section. Difficulties encountered with the computerized data from four sources (Table l) stemmed mainly from the differences among agency systems both in hardware and software. Although all of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) uses the same mainframe computer system, a Burroughs, the individual NMFS labs handled data requests differently. The Pascagoula Lab electronically transferred requested data to separate ASCII Burroughs files which were then transferred by modem to the Beaufort Lab where they were transferred to diskettes. North Carolina data from the Woods Hole Lab trawl survey were similarly processed before being sent to us on IBM compatible micro-computer diskettes that were immediately useable. MARMAP and ELM data were delivered on an unlabelled 1600 bpi 1/2 inch magnetic tape (ASCII format) which we transferred to diskettes. Electronic transfer of all computerized data into a data management system, in this case Database III Plus (Ashton-Tate), allowed rapid conversion of several file structures to one consistent system with a single set of codes and standards. Descriptions of original codes, data formats, and programs, requested with each computerized data set, were incorporated into the standardized format for this project. Actual data conversion was straightforward, but considerable time was spent 40 conununicating with agencies as we attempted to understand their systems. Some problems arose as a result of errors and inconsistencies V.Jithin data sets. The largest volume of pre-digitized data, the Woods Hole data, took about four weeks to convert. This time can be shortened considerably once familiarity with each agency's programs and procedures is attained. For example, conversion of the MARMAP data was facilitated by many written and verbal communications between us and the S.C. Marine Resources Research Institute personnel before we even received the requested data. These exchanges allowed us to fine tune our request, and because of this, once we received the data, only four days were required to convert it for analysis in our system. Excellent accompanying documentation further improved the utility of these data. The lack of computer standardization, which at first seemed a major problem, was, in fact~ only a minor inconvenience. No data manipulations were attempted until after standardization. Station numbers and species codes were the most difficult variables to standardize because of the diversity of methods. We used a nine digit station code usually incorporating the cruise number plus other attributes (e.g. stratum, tow~ actual station number) to ensure non-repetition. The variety of types of species codes was surprising considering that much of the data came either from the same agency (NMFS) or from programs funded (or administered) by that agency. Appendix I cross references all agency fish codes to one Latin name and the appropriate National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) codes. All species we computerized used the previously described eight character abbreviation (Abbrev) and all pre-computerized data received for the test area were electronically converted to Abbrev for uniformity. We suggest that SEAMAP and other agencies standardize plant 41 and animal codes using the 10 digit NODC codes (NODC 1984). The advantages of this system are: l) Phylogenetic manipulations are possible. 2) The system is being made compatible with Environmental Protection Agency codes. 3) Codes are regularly updated as taxonomic revisions occur. 4) NODC has a long-term commitment to maintaining and supporting the system. 5) All living U.S. plants and animals are. included. The N C Division of Marine Fisheries uses NODC codes; however, the Dan Moore_ data we received had not yet been coded. Of the data sources we used only the BLM data already had NODC species codes. The difficulty of converting historical data to these codes is slight, requj.ring only that a cross tabulation table be key entered once. We used such a conversion table (Appe.ndix I) for some analyses to convert Abbrev to NODC for phylogenetic listings of results (example Appendix E). In evaluating historical data, some of which is more than 20 years old, we encountered considerable variation in the use of scientific names. This variation was due to revisions of taxonomic relationships and differing opinions on appropriate names among various researchers~ Although SEAMAP should not be concerned with resolving taxonomic problems, they should consider appointing an area panel of taxonomic experts to advise them on standardizing scientific names. In this project each fish was assigned one representative name which was cross referenced with junior synonyms (Appendix I). We determined from handling the data that non-digitized data are difficult to manipulate and almost impossible to analyze. Eventual 42 computerization of important data should receive high priority, and a standardized format, which was necessary for our analyses, may also he required by SEAMAP. --Data ------Structure --and ---Limits According to criteria defined by us and the Bottom Mapping Work Group and based on the user survey results, the data we received (Table 1) were examined for types of variables contained. Collection date to the day was available for all data. We used a vessel code as an identifier of the information source; however, in cases where several ships were used by one agency or individual for a single program (i.e. S.R. Riggs or BLM data), an agency or researcher code seemed more appropriate. Alternatively, program codes keyed to narratives describing the objectives, methods, agencies, vessels, etc. of each data base could be used. Physical Data The user survey identified five general physical habitat attributes (location, depth, relief, area, geology) as desirable products from any historical or future data reductions. Only location (to the nearest minute) and depth (usually to the nearest meter) were available in all nine data sources (Table 2). Most location data were originally recorded from LORAN A or C· however, all pre-computerized data we received had been ' converted to degrees and minutes of latitude and longitude with no indication of locating method. Since navigation methods are not routinely stored with digitized data, a program narrative should be developed for each source describing the locating methods used for various stations or 43 dates. All data we digitized were converted to latitude and longitude from LORAN C. Depth resolution ranged from the nearest foot to the nearest fathom and the two data sources supplying depth in fathoms (Table 2) were the only ones that did not meet the suggested minimum resolution of ± 1 m. Although any depth data can be converted to metric. or any other unit, the conversion does not improve the original. precision. Most instruments display depth in feet or fathoms, and since fathoms are often used, an acceptable SEAMAP depth resolution should be to the nearest 2 m (rather than nearest meter). Depth data supplied to us in metric units gave no indications whether they had been converted from other original units; program narratives should supply such details. Habitat area, relief, and general geological character were poorly represented in the data (Table 2), with the latter being the least well represented. Only the geologically oriented data (S. R. Riggs) adequately described these variables, but even in these data exact area was generally lacking. However, since habitat area resolution specified by SEAMAP is to one square nautical mile blocks, approximate habitat area may be estimated from most of the data. More detailed region-wide habitat area estimations seem feasible only using side-scan sonar (Mearns 1986). Relief resolution to the nearest meter is desirable, but the more general low, medium, and high classifications (Henry and Giles 1980; Mearns 1986) are probably biologically adequate. General geological parameters are best attained with geologically oriented gears (side-scan sonar, sub bottom profiles, cores, dredges). An untrained observer on non-geology cruises should restrict bottom lithology or sediment descriptions to general categories: rock, gravel, shell, sand, or mud. Even this degree of detail will be 44 unrealized for most researchers who use trawls or dredges, where the best description of the bottom may be that it is either mostly hard and rugged or soft and flat. We suggest that original data sheets provide a general judgement on overall bottom relief and texture (high, medium, low relief and smooth or rugged texture). More detail than this probably shouid be provided by geological surveys where actual samples of the bottom are collected and interpreted by geologists. A recurring question concerning bottom relief and water depth is how to represent significant (> l m) variations in these variables during sampling. This is a problem when the sampling gear is moved a considerable distance across the bottom as in trawling, dredging or geophysical profiling. Usually only a starti.ng point or maximum depth is recorded as in the data from Table l. Although neither of these may be an adequate representation of the area's depth characteristics, even averaging a starting, middle, and ending depth may provide little improvement. Operation of a recording fathometer during transects provides a continuous record of depth encountered by bottom gear, This valuable addition to other data collected should be stored with station data sheets. A more accurate average depth could be calculated from these tracings either by averaging multiple points along the transect or by using calculus integration over the whole track. Such calculations may be too labor intensive; therefore, the Bottom Mapping Work Group suggested that when depth changes more than two meters during sampling, a depth range (minimum and maximum) should be recorded. Evaluation of variable profile data is more problematical. For instance, at what slope does one consider the relief to have changed? Although average transect profile could be calculated from fathometer 45 recordings, its meaning to the catch may be obscure. Also, some depth recording methods exaggerate the true bottom profile. The percentage of general profile types (flat, low, medium, high) calculated from fathometer records may be the best representation of this variable for non-geological work. Another complication of relief data without accurate bottom type data is that a low relief hard bottom may be confused with a moderate or low relief sand wave feature. Biological Data Eight of the test area data sources were biologically directed, six toward fishes, one toward algae, and one toward all biota (Table 1). With the exception of the BLM-Duke data, non-target biological data were inconsistently or rarely collected. In most cases they consisted of lists, sometimes with other data~ of commercially important macro-invertebrates (e.g. squids, shrimps, lobsters, large crabs). Since these lists were incomplete and often contained pelagic or nomadic animals, they were not useful for defining habitat and, thus, were not included in our analyses. With the exception of spiny lobsters, most of the listed invertebrates probably had soft bottom affinities, and when listed to the exclusion of other invertebrates (many perhaps with hard bottom affinity, see Table 5), an inaccurate and biased impression of the bottom was obtained. We emphasize here that when biological catch data from surface deployed gears are used to define habitats, it is important that all species of target animals or plants be included. A program narrative for any data base should make clear when or which species lists are incomplete. Identification to the species level was attempted for the primary target of all data sources. Numbers of individuals by species, species 46 Table 5. List of frequently encountered common hard bottom invertebrate indicator species. These are common hard bottom species throughout the SAB, but this list is most applicable to the North Carolina test area. Depth ranges are: I (inner shelf) = < 25 m; M (middle shelf) = 26-80 m; and 0 (outer shelf) = > 80 m. PORIFERA (sponge) - Any large sponge with a regular shape would have to come from a rock outcrop area. Those that are most common are: Speciospongia vesparium Ircinia spp. Haliclona oculata CNIDARIA Hydrozoa (hydroids) Aglaophenia trifida (I, M, 0) Anthozoa (corals) - Any hard or soft coral caught in numbers would indicate a rock outcrop. Occasionally soft corals will be found on shell material in the absence of rock outcrops. Alcyonaria (soft, whip and gorgonian corals) Titanideum frauenfeldii (I, M, 0) Telesto fructiculosa (I, M, 0) Leptogorgia spp. (I, M, 0) Muricea pendula (I, M, 0) Lophogorgia sp. (I, M, 0) Sticho12athes sp. (0) Scleractinia (stony corals) Oculina spp. (I, M) Solenastrea hyades (I, M) Madre12ora ANNELIDA Polychaeta Filograna implexa (I, M, 0) ARTHROPODA Crustacea Panulirus argus (M, 0) 47 Table 5. (cont'd) MOLLUSCA Pelecypoda Area spp. (I, M, 0) Lithophage spp. (I, M, 0) Family Chamidae (I, M, 0) ECHINODERMATA Crinoidea Comactinia echinoptera (M, 0) Asteroidea Echinaster spp. (I, M, 0) Echinoidea Astrophyton muricatum (M, 0) Holothuroidea Ocnus pygmaeus (I, M, 0) Isostichopus badionotus (M, 0) 48 group weights, or both were always recorded for primary target organisms. Often total biomass by general group (Le. total fish weight) was given for a catch. We requested no length, sex, age, or other biologica.l data, as these were not needed for this project. Regardless of the data volume or type eventually stored by SEAMAP, program narratives should describe the range of data originally collected and, of those, which data are available from various sources~ It seems desirable, especially for habitat definitions, to identify all biota collected by any surface deployed gear, regardless of collection purpose. However, all methods are not equally efficient for all organisms. The trawl is less efficient than a dredge which is 6% as efficient as a SCUBA quadrat for collecting algae (Schneider and Searles 1979). Lists of biota from inappropriate sampling techniques may be easily misused. All inclusive sampling is rarely attempted and probably is an impractical goal. Realistically, most survey conducting agencies do not have the taxonomic expertise or management/research directives to cover all biota. The BLM-Duke sampling, which attempted to target all bottom biota, required several sampling techniques along with high taxonomic effort. As long as all species in a target group are recorded, the lack of complete biota treatment is not considered to be a serious deficiency~ Hard Bottom Habitat Evaluation Direct Observation Submersible and SCUBA methods were the two major techniques allowing direct habitat observations. Closed circuit television (CCTV) and still camera methods also allow direct bottom observation, albeit a more restricted, less controlled view. Although some CCTV and still camera data 49 were collected by organizations represented in Table 1, these data were not requested. We had analyzed some CCTV and still camera data previously and because these methods are similar to submersible transects~ we can provide a brief treatment of them. In general, direct observations allow an unequivocal judgement of the presence or abse_nce of hard bottoms as well as estimations of their sizes and profiles within the visibility range at point locations. Habitat notes using direct observations are independent of biological or environmental data collection. Habitat data were included with the S.W. Ross and NMFS- Beaufort data (Tables 1 and 2). The single location point provided with SCUBA methods is usually acceptable with the assumption that most SAB divers rarely swim outside the resolution range of LORAN C (100-200 ft). Transects > 200 ft (61 m) in length using any method should record locations and associated habitat data every 200-300 ft (61-91 m). Submersible transects evaluated here recorded locations at irregular time intervals or at the beginning and end of transects. Since total transect time and distance were available, rough locations along the transect could be interpolated and matched with timed habitat observations. If location is recorded at intervals or at significant features during submersible or CCTV transects and variables such as transect direction, speed~ distance, and total time are also recorded, bottom habitat features and biological observations can be matched to location at least to the, nearest 200 ft. Duke University Harine Laboratory (1982), Parket et al. (1983), and Parker and Ross (1986) briefly reviewed some aspects of CCTV for bottom observations. This technique should be used where rapid verifications of bottom type are needed over small areas or at point locations; however, it may have less value for surveying large distances. CCTV may be most 50 valuable when used in combination with other, more precise techniques (such as geophysical profiling) for determining bottom composition. Nine of the 10 SCUBA locations within the test area were on hard bottom. One location was classified as a sand habitat even though a few scattered sponges or corals protruded through the sand veneer. This station illustrated the difference between habitat evaluations by direct observation versus catch analyses. All eight fishes observed at this site were reef species that were clustered around the few protruding corals or sponges. Over 90% of the observed habitat was sand where no biota were observed. Direct observation provided the more accurate overall habitat classification. All four test area submersible stations were over reef habitats. Two submersible stations exhibited considerab1e habitat patchiness; however, since the patches of sand were irregular, widely sc.attered, and often small, detailed locations of patches were not obtained. The average transect length for the four dives was 581 m (635 yd). On a typical offshore chart (scale= 1:500,000 to 1:600,00) this distance plots as < 1 mm long. Any meaningful resolution of transects < 0.5 nautical mile (0.9 km) would require larger scale charts (at least 1:80,000) which are unavailable for waters > 20 nautical miles (37 km) offshore in the SAB. Unless special scale charts are prepared, plots of transect distances < 0.5 mile will appear as dots. Indirect Data Collections Geophysical Surveys Mearns (1986) determined that a large portion of Onslow Bay is dominated by emergent hard bottom. Data relevant to the SEAMAP test area redrawn from Mearns' plates revealed significant concentrations of high and 78° 30' 78"00' LOCATION MAP OF SEISMIC PROFILES WITHIN THE SOUTHEASTERN NORTH CAROLINA CONTINENTAL MARGIN SPARKER PROFILES• UNIBOOM PROFILES 3.5 Khz PROFILES 0~10 ~0 30 40 77"30' 17°00' Figure 10. Figure 1 from Mearns ( 1986) indicating seismic profile tracks (excluding side-scan sonar) on the southeastern North Carolina continental shelf...... ,,.,, . n••a· ...... •• .,. ., . ...... ... SEAFLOOR GEOLOGY MAP OF SOUTHWESTERN .... ONSLOW BAY MOSAIC AREA # 2 IHTEfll'RETED FAOtd 3.$1tH• .o.QO GIOE-SCAH SONAR OATA PLATE 3 (MEARNS, 1086} fCAIIPWITHNODURII !!!! ----q~ ~ ICNIPWITHeTOIOMOI'IIiMia ·----llfn~M{OW.IITI_U_l IOIII.DI--IPIIOIII mm -wn'HHTOIGMOI'DQIHI • • IIO_III._TO_ ·- ---llllLQCIIHf;·- lotoOIINII U-IIIPl.IUITO!IIWI • """GilO-Aff!IIIUIII'AOII D ---.-- .,. •••• " ! ___ ' ..... IICCI 77°38' ...... ,. 71' 0 3!1' Figure 11. Plate 3 from Mearns ( 1986) lndioaUng the seafloor geology In Mosaic Area +2 in southwestern Onslow Bay. NC. 54 ultimate product of high resolution bottom mapping on a scale useful to a variety of researchers and managers. Details of geologic age, formation, and sub-bottom characteristics of the test area ledges are given by Mearns (1986). Biological Surveys Hard bottoms in the SAB, particularly those shallower than 110 ft (33m), exhibit extreme temporal shifts in the abundances and distributions of flora and fauna (probably temperature related). Therefore, catch related criteria for defining bottom type should take time and/ or water temperature into account. Analysis routines should be developed for each of the four seasons or at least one for a cold season and one for a warm season. Considering all biota in the SAB, the time period when the flora and fauna are most diverse is usually August-October, which coincides >rith sampling time for most of the test area data. The following treatment is therefore biased toward late summer-fall. Careful attention to this bias should be given if our techniques are applied during December-April in waters < 110 ft deep. Fish Oriented - Five of the nine data sources used mostly trawls directed toward fishes (Table 1). These data are representative of most SAB historical offshore survey data, and they are likely to be relevant to future surveys~ Very little non-fish biological data were recorded from these surveys except in the ELM-Duke data where multiple sampling gears were used for multiple biological targets. With the exception of the BLM data, none of these surveys were directed toward specific habitats, and stations were either randomly scattered across the SAB shelf by strata or plotted for systematic coverage. Stations from the BLM survey were clustered on and around a known hard bottom habitat (MS04, see Duke Univ. 55 Marine Lab. 1982). The 563 test area stationB from the 5 primarily trawl data sources were sampled from 1959 to 1984 (Appendix J). Only trawl catches (n=449) were used in habi.tat-catch analyses and these were referred to as the test area data. In addition to trawls various trap and hook and line gears were represented in these data (Table l, Appendix J). We feel that catches from such gears cannot be used accurately to infer habitat type. These devices are usually baited and thus attract organisms away from originally occupied habitats or original foraging routes. The distance of this attraction is unknown and varies with species, physical attributes, species hunger level, soak time, bait type, and time of day. Some reef species migrate during certain seasons especially in nearshore waters. Thus, passive fishing methods may catch animals when they are between preferred habitats. For these reasons we prefer mobile sampling methods that have a much higher probability of collecting a wide variety of organisms with less influence from their behavior. Defining general habitat type using fish catches from trawls has a high probability of success because the general habitat affinity of most fishes is known. Even though fishes are mobile and often disperse pelagic eggs and larvae, they demonstrate predictable preferences for habitat. Trawl stations (n=99) previously classified as hard or soft bottom were the standards against which our reef fish lists (Tables 3 and 4) and other trawl data were compared. Since pre-classified stations were generally lacking for depths > 55 fm (101 m), the analyses were less valid beyond that depth; however, the majority of the test area is < 55 fm. In the pre-classified data the means and ranges of numbers of fish species were slightly higher at reef stations than sand stations 56 (Appendix D) except in depths < 14 fm. The catch per unit of effort (Appendix E) and frequency of occurrence (Appendices G and H) data were noticeably different between pre-classified habitat types. As expected, the reef stations were dominated by known reef fishes (see Table 4 to define reef fishes) and sand stations were dominated by soft bottom or pelagic fishes (those not in Table 4). Appendices G and H share only nine species in the top thirty of which three are pelagic (Decapterus punctatus, Sardinel.la aurita, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae), two are known soft bottom fishes (Synodus foetens, Dasyatis centroura) and four are mostly reef species (Monacan thus hispidus-' Haemu~on aurolineatum, Calamus leucosteus, Centropristis striata). There are seven sand or pelagic species in the top thirty of the pre-classified reef stations (Appendix G) and only four reef fishes among the top thirty in the sand stations (Appendix H). In either pre-classified habitat the trawl covered an unknown amount of soft and hard bottom; this partly explains the overlap in the habitat specific species lists (Appendices E, G, and H). In each depth zone reef fishes from either the indicator list (Table 3) or the R-M-R list (Table 4) were much more abundant in pre-classified reef habitat than sand habitat, and non-reef fishes (species not in Table 4) dominated non-reef stations (Appendix F). The less clear difference between habitats for non-reef fishes, especially in the depth zone of 31-55 fm (Appendix F) is partially due to imperfections in defining non-reef fishes as those not in Table 4. Although Table 4 includes the most common reef fishes in the SAB, it is not complete. Lack of sampling (N=2) for sand stations in this depth zone also contributed to the apparent small difference between habitats. When collections from habitats or areas with known differences are available, discriminant functions (see Methods) can be developed that 57 quantitatively classify collections from unknown habitats. Of the 99 pre-classified stations, 47 hard and 42 soft bottom stations in depths $ 55 fm were incorporated into two discriminant functions: 1) Dfsand -2.493 + I(-0.157) + N(0.132) + T(0.260) A 2) Dfreef -5.261 + I(-0.004) + N(-0.856) + T(0.889), where I = number of indicator species (Table 3) in a catch, N = number of non-reef species in a catch, and T = total number of fish species. Another pair of discriminant functions was derived from the same data substituting the number of R-M-R reef fishes in a catch (R) for the total number of species (T) : 3) Df -2.492 + 1(0.103) + N(0.392) + R(0.260) sand B 4) Dfreef -5.261 + I(0.885) + N(0.335) + R(0.889). Both formulae A and B were applied to each undefined test area trawl catch, and the station classification was determined by whichever equation in a set gave the larger result (i.e. if Df d Df f' then station = sand). san > ree Initial discriminant functions developed with the above input variables were used to reclassify the original data. They revealed that six stations were misclassified from Ross's original designations. Four of these deviated significantly (Table 6) and were reclassified upon examination of their data. Formulae 1-4 were then developed and applied to the original data, misclassifying only two pre-classified reef stations (Table 6). All sand and 95.6% of reef stations were thus classified correctly. The small error in these analyses tended toward classifying marginal hard bottom stations as sand, a conservative direction for our purposes. Both sets of discriminant functions were equally accurate, but we preferred set B in order to take advantage of the total R-M-R reef fish list. Classification using numbers of individuals as input variables (see 58 Table 6. Trawl stations ,; 55 fm from R/V Dan Moore and R/V Albatross IV used to derive discriminant functions, giving the original S.W. Ross assignment, the discriminant classiiication, posterior probabilities of being reef or non-reef, the % rrurnber of non-reef fishes, total rrumber of fish species, rrumber of indicator fishes, rrumber of non-reef fishes, and the rrumber of reef-fish species from. the Ross-Miller-Richards list. Station SWR classi- prob. prob. %no no* no* no* no~'l: assign- fication reef sand nreef spp indic nreef R-M-R m=nt 75701 sand sand <0.001 0.999 0.917 24 1 22 2 76301 sand sand <0.001 0.999 0.944 18 1 17 1 75402 sand sand <0.001 0.999 0.895 19 1 17 2 75704 sand sand <0.001 0.999 0.889 18 1 16 2 75703 sand sand 0.001 0.999 0.929 14 0 13 1 76103 sand sand 0.002 0.998 0.818 22 2 18 4 76401 sand sand 0.002 0.998 0.833 18 1 15 3 75901 sand sand 0.003 0.997 0.810 21 3 17 4 85004 sand sand 0.003 0.997 0.800 20 2 16 4 76302 sand sand 0.004 0.996 0.750 32 5 24 8 75902 sand sand 0.005 0.995 0.759 29 6 22 7 75501 sand sand 0.005 0.995 0.846 13 1 11 2 76403 sand sand 0.006 0.994 0.789 19 3 15 4 85902 sand+ sand 0.007 0.993 0.750 20 0 15 5 85402 sand sand 0.007 0.993 0.778 18 2 14 4 75301 sand sand 0.010 0.990 0.765 17 2 l3 4 76002 sand sand 0.011 0.989 0.714 35 6 25 10 75502 sand sand 0.012 0.988 0.800 10 0 8 2 75401 sand sand 0.013 0.987 0.769 13 1 lO 3 85805 sand sand 0.014 0.986 0.857 7 0 6 1 85502 sand sand 0.015 0.985 1.000 4 0 4 0 75302 sand sand 0.015 0.985 0.769 13 2 10 3 76404 sand sand 0.017 0.983 0.800 lO 2 8 2 76101 sand sand 0.022 0.978 0.750 12 2 9 3 85101 sand sand 0.029 0.971 0.714 14 2 10 4 76003 sand sand 0.034 0.966 0.690 29 6 20 9 75503 sand sand 0.036 0.964 0.714 7 0 5 2 76001 sand sand 0.038 0.962 0.700 20 5 14 6 75702 sand sand 0.037 0.961 0.750 4 0 3 l 85003 sand sand 0.064 0.936 0.667 18 4 12 6 85401 sand sand 0.067 0.933 0.667 6 2 4 2 3369 sand+ sand 0.080 0.920 0.667 15 5 10 5 76304 sand sand 0.086 0.914 0.625 8 2 5 3 85406 sand sand 0.093 0.907 0.600 5 2 3 2 75601** reef sand 0.098 0.902 0.655 29 7 19 10 85801 sand sand 0.103 0.897 0.571 7 1 4 3 85403 sand sand 0.130 0.870 0.632 19 5 12 7 3754 sand+ sand 0.131 0.869 0.556 9 1 5 4 85802 sand 88Dd 0.134 0.866 0.333 3 0 1 2 59 Table 6. (cant' d) Station SWR classi- prob. prob. %no. no* no* no* no* assign- fication reef sand nreef spp indic nreef R-M-R ment 76102 sand sand 0.142 0.858 0.500 6 1 3 3 85803 sand sand 0.161 0.839 0.500 6 2 3 3 85001 sand sand 0.198 0.802 0.571 14 3 8 6 75803 sand sand 0.212 0.788 0.545 11 3 6 5 76201 sand sand 0.234 0.766 0.588 17 5 10 7 3296** reef sand 0.244 0.756 0.563 16 3 9 7 76402 sand sand 0.457 0.543 0.455 11 4 5 6 85405 reef reef 0.513 0.487 0.560 25 6 14 11 4118 reef reef 0.562 0.438 0.462 13 5 6 7 3330 reef reef 0.667 0.333 0.333 9 5 3 6 85804 reef reef 0.683 0.317 0.522 23 6 12 11 76303 reef+ reef 0.754 0.246 0.364 11 6 4 7 75802 reef reef 0.763 0.237 0.300 10 4 3 7 3306 reef reef 0.790 0.210 0.300 10 5 3 7 85102 reef reef 0.820 0.180 0.500 26 5 13 13 75801 reef reef 0.831 0.169 0.333 12 5 4 8 4126 reef reef 0.836 0.164 0.412 l7 4 7 10 3262 reef reef 0.850 0.150 0.125 8 3 1 7 3298 reef reef 0.883 0.117 0.357 14 6 5 9 3608 reef reef 0.910 0.090 0.200 lO 5 2 8 3611 reef reef 0.917 0.083 0.000 7 5 0 7 3353 reef reef 0.939 0.061 0.250 12 6 3 9 3260 reef reef 0.944 0.056 0.111 9 6 1 8 3366 reef reef 0.947 0.053 0.250 12 7 3 9 85602 reef reef 0.950 0.050 0.182 ll 5 2 9 3297 reef reef 0.959 0.041 0.286 14 7 4 10 3375 reef reef 0.960 0.040 0.000 8 6 0 8 3571 reef reef 0.971 0.029 0.231 13 7 3 10 76104 reef reef 0.975 0.025 0.368 19 9 7 12 3267 reef reef 0.979 0.021 0.333 18 8 6 12 3609 reef reef 0.981 0.019 0.091 11 5 1 10 3263 reef reef 0.981 0.019 0.267 15 8 4 11 3257 reef reef 0.983 0.017 0.294 17 7 5 12 3259 reef reef 0.984 0.016 0.214 14 7 3 11 3268 reef reef 0.987 0.013 0.294 17 9 5 12 3272 reef reef 0.987 0.013 0.294 17 9 5 12 3264 reef reef 0.991 0.009 0.154 13 8 2 ll 3266 reef reef 0.992 0.008 0.278 18 8 5 13 3293 reef reef 0.995 0.005 0.235 17 9 4 13 3553 reef reef 0.996 0.004 0.300 20 10 6 14 3549 reef reef 0.999 0.001 0.125 16 8 2 14 85501 reef reef 0.999 0.001 0.273 22 10 6 16 3261 reef reef 0.999 0.001 0.211 19 10 4 15 3554 reef reef 0.999 0.001 0.118 17 9 2 15 60 Table 6. (cont'd) Station SWR classi- prob. prob. %no. no* no* no* no* assign-- fication reef sand nreef spp indic nreef R-M-R ment 3575 reef reef 0.999 <0.001 0.190 21 11 4 17 3559 reef reef 0.999 <0.001 0.217 23 11 5 18 85404 reef reef 0.999 *Variables used as input for the discr:im:inant functions. +These stations were originally assigned to different categories. Preliminary results and reexanrination indicated they should be changed to the present assignment. *"4!isclassified stations. 61 Methods) in the discriminant functions misclassified a high percentage (50%) of .!'!: priori designated stations. High trawl catch variability in numbers of individuals accounted for the large number of misclassifications. The frequency of percent non-reef species for pre-classified stations was strongly bimodal, indicating a separation between the pre-classified stations around 50% non-reef species (Figure 12). This suggested that the percent of non-reef species alone could be used to separate catches by habitat. Table 7 indicates how many of the 89 predesignated stations would be misclassified if only various proportions of non-reef species were used to define stations. Minimum misclassifications (8) were obtained at the 55% non-reef spedes level (Table 7 and Figure 12). In application, if trawl catches had :;; 55% non-reef species, they were classified as reef, otherwise they were from sand habitats. We applied the discriminant functions (formulae 3 and 4) and the percent non-reef calculation to data from the following sources: S. W. Ross, NMFS-Beaufort, ELM-Duke, NMFS-Woods Hole, NMFS-Pascagoula, and SC-MARMAP. All depths were included and samplings with SCUBA, submersible, and various trawls were represented (Appendix J). If either method classified the station as reef, we accepted that as its habitat. Before applying the discriminant and percent non-reef classification methods, some preliminary categorizing was done. The Miller and Richards (1980) classification required that at least five reef fishes occur in a catch for it to be called a reef station (G. Miller, pers. comm.). For this project, all zero catch stations (water hauls) and all stations with < five fish species, regardless of whether those species were reef fishes, were automatically called soft bottom (sand) stations. Hard bottoms ~ Reef Stations 0 Non-Reef Stations 91- 8- 71- - > () z LU 5- a::J LU 0::: 4- u.. 31- I I J I , I I • 2 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 82 92 PERCENT NON-REEF SPECIES Figure 12. Frequency distribution of percent non-reef fish species from the 89 pre-classified trawl stations (:;S55 fm) used to develop habitat classification analysis. 63 Table 7. Degree of overlap in proportion of non-reef fishes (not in Table 4) between ~ priori designated sand and reef stations (~ 55 fm) used to create criteria for classifying unknown stations. The table shows the number of stations that would be misclassified in each category depending on the proportion of non-reef species used to define the 89 known stations. Proportion of Number of stations misclassified non-reef fishes sand reef total 0.333 1 11 12 0.455 2 6 8 0.500 4 5 9 0.545 5 3 8 0.556 6 3 9 0.571 8 1 9 64 located anywhere in the SAB $ 100 fm are virtual oases of biological activity in a relative desert. We therefore reasoned that trawl transects, which often cover more than 1 nautical mile (1. 8 km) of bottom, should have some minimum catch if any significant amount of hard bottom is encountered. Although five fish species was the minimum set for this project, SEAMAP may need to consider a more conservative (higher) minimum number. A total of 449 test area trawl stations having > five fish species were classified and of these, 136 were designated as hard bottom habitat. A similar (to Figure 12) but less distinct bimodal split in the percent non-reef species between reef and sand stations classified by discriminant functions and the percent non-reef species had an overlap centering around 50% (Figure 13). Forty-six stations had two different classifications depending on whether the discriminant functions or percent of non-reef species were used (Figure 13). Mean number and ranges of numbers of species in each habitat (Table 8) were similar to the pre-classified stations (Appendix D). Except for the 15-30 fm depth, differences between reef and sand were less distinct in Table 8 than in Appendix D. Catch per unit effort (Table 9) and frequencies of occurrence (Tables 10 and ll) by habitat were also generally similar to fish catches (Appendix E) and frequencies (Appendices G and H) in pre-classified stations. Here again catch differences between habitats were less distinct in the test area stations than in the pre-classified stations. Test area reef and sand stations shared 16 species in the top 30 (2 pelagics, 8 sand species, and 6 reef species). Reef stations had 12 sand or pelagic fishes among the top 30 (Table 10), while sand stations had six reef fishes in the top 30 (Table 11). Several explanations may account for the diminished distinction between test area reef and sand habitats compared to that of 0 Reef Stations (both methods) % 30 lliJ Reef or Sand (varies % - - with method) % r- ,..... D Sand Stations :/ % 25 ~ (both methods) ~ ~ ~ > ~ () z 20 f- ~ r- w :::> ~ ~ - 0 ~ w ~ ~ r- ,..... a: 15 f- ~ ~ - IJ.. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 10 ... ~ %~ ~ ~ ~ %% ~ ~ % .. ~ %% .. ~ 5 % ~ % .. ~ - ~ % 1!1 ~ :0 % .. 7. ~ ~ :rr % .. .. '!'!' PAI/J~ ~ rr ~ ...... 2 12 22 32 42 52 62 72 82 92 PERCENT NON-REEF SPECIES Figure 13. Frequency distribution of percent non-reef fish species from the 331 test area trawl stations (:$55 fm) classified by discriminant analysis and percent non-reef species. 66 Table 8. Mean number of fish species and individuals by depth zone and habitat type from 449 trawl stations in the SEAMAP test area off North Carolina. Station habitat types were classified by analysis described in the text. Compare to Appendix D. Reef De)2th Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Mean No. Species 15 17 ll Range 5-30 5-42 7-15 N 69 60 7 0 0 Mean No. Individuals 1444 758 9896 Range 0-32055 0-7317 35-49079 N 69 60 7 0 0 Sand Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Mean No. Species 15 8 15 10 11 Range 0-·37 0-26 3-23 3-20 4-18 N 144 38 12 13 6 Mean No. Individuals 2104 690 212 100 229 Range 0-73559 1-10026 1-1115 6-431 2-509 N 140 36 12 13 6 Table 9. Catch per unit effort (and standard errors) by depth zone and station type of fishes trawled during 449 stations in the North Carolina SEAMAP test area. One trawl=1 unit of effort. Compare to Appendix E. Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Odontaspis taurus 0.01 0.03 (0.01) (0. 02) Rhizoprionodon terraenovae 0.06 0.80 0.02 0.05 (0.04) (0.25) (0.02) (0.05) Mustelis canis 0.30 0.25 0.07 0.03 0.08 (0.16) (0.07) (0.04) (0.03) (0. 08) Carcharhinus obscurus 0.03 (0.03) Carcharhi.nus plumbeus 0.01 0.03 0.08 (0.01) (0.03) (0.08) Carcharhinus acronotus 0.01 (0.01) Sphyrna lewini 0.01 0.02 0.17 (0.01) (0.02) (0. 17) Squalus sp. 0.02 (0. 02) Squalus acanthias 0.12 1.05 (0.12) (0. 44) Squatina dumerili 0.03 0.17 (0 .03) (0 .17) Rhinobatos lentigenosus 0.03 0.03 (0.03) (0 .03) Torpedo nobiliana 0.01 0.03 (0.01) (0.03) Narcine brasiliensis 0.01 0.01 0.03 (0.01) (0.01) (0.03) Raja sp. <0.01 <0.01 0.03 (<0.01) (<0.01) (0.03) Raja eglanteria 0.25 0. 69 0.50 0.11 0.17 (0.09) (0.21) (0. 42) (0.11) (0.17) Raja garmani 0.16 0.67 1.77 2.00 (0.16) (0.45) ( 1. 52) (1. 37) ""'-J Table 9. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Dasyatis sp. 0.01 0.05 (0.01) (0.03) Dasyatis americanus 0.12 0.03 0.15 0.08 0.08 (0.12) (0.02) (0.10) (0.06) (0.08) Dasyatis centroura 0.04 0.05 0.15 0.05 0.29 <0.01 (0. 02) (0. 02) (0.06) (0.04) (0.29) (<0.01) Dasyatis sabina 0.03 (0.03) Dasyatis sayi 0.12 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.14 (0. 08) (0.04) (0.02) (0.03) (0.14) Gymnura altavela 0.07 0. 18 0.14 (0.05) (0.18) (0.14) Gymnura micrura 0.01 (0.01) Myliobatis sp. 0.39 (0.39) Myliobatis freminvillei 0.01 0.07 (0.01) (0. 03) Rhinoptera bonasus 0.06 0.11 (0.04) (0.11) Acipenser sp. 0.01 (0.01) Acipenser oxyrhinchus <0.01 (<0.01) Anguilliformes 0.01 0.01 0. 17 (0.01) (0.01) (0.17) Gymnothorax sp. 0.05 0.16 <0.01 (0.04) (0.16) (<0.01) Gymnothorax saxicola 0.01 0.15 0.11 0.08 (0.01) (0.07) (0.07) (0.08) Congridae 0.01 (0.01) "'co Table 9. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Conger sp. 0.03 (0.03) Conger oceanicus 0.01 0.08 0.17 0.08 0.33 (0.01) (0.05) (0.17) (0.08) (0. 33) Hildebrandia flava 0.01 (0.01) Ophichthidae 0.01 0.08 0.08 (0.01) (0.08) (0.08) Letharchus velifer <0.01 (<0.01) Ophichthus gomesi <0.01 (<0.01) Ophichthus ocellatus 0.05 2.00 0.17 (0.04) (l.07) (0 .17) Ophichthus cruentifer 0.01 (0.01) Apterichtus kendalli (0.01 (<0.01) Clupeidae 0.29 0.26 0.38 (0.21) (0.19) (0.37) Alosa sp. 0.08 (0.05) Alosa sapidisslma 0.05 (0.04) Alosa aestlvulls 0.08 (0. 03) Alosa pseudoharengus 0.01 (0.01) Clupea harengus "' Table 9. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Brevoortia tyrannus 0.65 (0.51) Etrumeus teres 497.43 49.81 1.23 2.76 6987.14 0.08 (453.68) (27.24) (0.92) (2.23) (6987.14) (0.08) Opisthonema oglinurn 2.04 33.56 0.02 (l. 86) (10. 72) (0.02) Sardinella sp. <0.01 <0.01 (<0.01) (<0.01) Sardinella aurita 52.09 29.67 7.88 4.74 28.57 3.46 (31.85) (10.93) (3.58) (3.8'•) (24.95) (3 .46) Engraulidae 0.01 628.85 (0.01) (491.24) Engraulis eurystole 0.05 (0.04) Anchoa sp. 0.01 (0.01) Anchoa hepsetus 1. 80 482.06 0.03 (1. 04) (175.17) (0.03) Anchoa mitchilli 133.53 (71. 53) Anchoa cubana 1.26 ( 1. 26) Anchoa lyolepis 3.21 (2.31) Anchoa nasuta 0.90 (0.90) Argentina sp. 0.17 (0 .17) Argentina ailua o. 77 6.33 (0. 77) ( 6. 33) Argentina striata 5.69 2.17 (5.69) (2.17) '-1 0 Table 9. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Synodontidae 1.16 0.06 0. 18 0.45 0.57 1.33 (0. 78) (0.04) (0.15) (0.45) (0.57) ( 1. 33) Synodus sp. 0.01 0.16 0.14 (0.01) (0.16) (0.14) Synodus foetens 2.68 6.17 2.47 2.95 2.57 37.92 1.08 (0.93) (0.98) (1.07) ( 1. 00) (1.95) (26.23) (0.62) Synodus intermedius 0.09 0.17 0.18 0. 75 (0.05) (0.07) (0.09) (0.41) Synodus poeyi 0.03 0.01 0.07 0. 13 0.71 18.69 (0.02) (0.01) (0.04) (0.11) (0. 71) (6.78) Synodus synodus <0.01 0.14 (<0.01) (0.14) Saurida normani 1. 69 ( 1. 53) Trachinocephalus myops 0.64 0. 40 0.47 2.18 2.58 0.23 (0.34) (0.19) (0. 19) (0.86) (1. 40) (0.17) Chlorophthalmidae 5.33 (5. 33) Chlorophthalmus agassizi 0.08 (0.08) Porichthys plectrodon 1.07 2.23 1. 55 0.03 0.08 1.54 23.17 (0.42) (0.61) (0.81) (0.03) (0.08) (1.07) (14.24) Opsanus sp. 0.01 0.01 (0.01) (0.01) Opsanus tau 0.01 (0 .01) Gobiesox strumosus 0.01 (0.01) Lophius sp. 0.01 0.05 (0.01) ( 0. OS) Lophius americanus 0.02 0.08 (0. 02) (0.08) '-' ~ Table 9. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Antennarius ocellatus 0.01 (0.01) Ogcocephalidae 0.03 (0.03) Ogcocephalus sp. 0.01 0.05 0.14 0.42 0.23 (0.01) ( 0. 04) (0.14) (0.23) (0.23) Ogcocephalus nasuta 0.13 2.25 0. 77 (0. 11) (1. 99) (0.47) Ogcocephalus parvus <0.01 0.23 0.33 (<0.01) (0.12) (0.33) Ogcocephalus corniger 0.17 0.31 (0 .17) (0.17) Halieutichthys aculeatus 0.47 l. 21 3.96 (0. 43) (0.96) (1.95) Physiculus fulva 1.33 (1. 33) Gadidae 0.03 (0.03) Urophycis sp. 0.01 0.11 <0.01 (0.01) (0.09) (<0.01) Urophycis regia 0.58 5.12 0.17 10.87 3.83 1.38 76.67 (0.39) (2.14) (0.13) (7.87) (2.55) (0.91) (41.45) Urophycis tenuis <0.01 (<0.01) Urophycis earlli 0.09 0.03 0.03 (0.04) (0.02) (0.02) Urophycis floridana 0.04 ""' Table 9. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Ophidiidae 0.35 0.03 0.15 0.05 (0.29) (0.02) (0 .13) (0.04) Lepophidium sp. 1.00 ( 1. 00) Lepophidium cervinum 0.31 1.17 (0.24) (0. 75) Lepophidium jeannae 0.08 (0. 08) Ophidion grayae 0.03 0.08 0.11 (0.03) (0.03) (0. 08) Ophidion holbrooki 0.25 0.46 2. 72 0.68 1. 75 0.08 (0.13) (0.18) (1.59) (0. 32) (l. 66) (0.08) Ophidion selenops 0.01 (0.01) Ophidion welshi 0.01 (0.01) Otophidium omostigium 0.01 (0.01) Rissola marginata 0.04 0.03 (0. 04) (0.02) Carapus bermudensis 0.03 0.65 (0. 03) (0.60) Cypselurus me1anurus 0.03 (0.03) Holocentrus sp. 0.03 (0. 03) Holocentrus ascencionis <0.01 (<0.01) Holocentrus bullisi <0.01 (<0.01) Zenopsis conchifera 0.08 0.08 (0. 08) (0.08) '-J w Table 9. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Antigonia sp. <0.01 (<0.01) Antigonia capros 0.25 0.15 3.00 (0.25) (0.15) (3. 00) Aulostomus maculatus 0.02 (0. 02) Fistularia sp. 0.03 0.02 (0.03) (0.02) Fistularia tabacaria 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.14 (0.01) (0.01) (0.02) (0.14) Fistularia petimba 0.03 1.00 0.23 (0 .03) (1.00) (0.12) Macrorhamphosus scolopax 0.50 (0.50) Hippocampus sp. <0.01 (<0.01) Hippocampus erectus 0.04 0.02 (0.01 0.17 (0.03) (0.02) (<0.01) (0.17) Serranidae 0.07 0.02 0.29 Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Epinephelus morio <0.01 0.02 (<0.01) (0.02) Mycteroperca sp. <0.01 0.02 (<0.01) (0.02) Mycteroperca microlepis 0.10 0.38 0.08 (0.05) (0.26) (0. 08) Mycteroperca bonaci (0.01 0.02 (<0.01) (0.02) Mycteroperca interstitialis 0.04 0.07 0.43 (0.03) (0.07) (0.43) Mycteroperca phenax 0.09 0.48 0.08 (0.05) (0.23) (0. 08) Anthins sp. 0. 1 7 (0.17) Anthias nicholsi <0.01 (<0.01) Diplectrum sp. 0.01 0.03 (0.01) (0.03) Diplectrum formosum 0.61 0. 17 0.92 1.18 0.25 (0 .19) (0.05) (0.23) (0.53) ( 0. 25) Hemanthias vivanus <0.01 (<0.01) Serraniculus pumilio <0.01 (<0.01) Serranus phoebe 0.32 23.00 2.58 0.38 0.67 (0.16) (17.49) (2.58) (0.31) (0.67) Rypticus saponaceus <0.01 0.02 (<0.01) (0. 02) Priacanthus sp. 0.01 0.05 (0.01) (0.05) Priacanthus arenatus 0.119 0.20 0.58 (0.26) (0. 08) (0.26) "'"" Table 9. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Pristigenys alta 0.14 0.17 (0.14) (0 .ll) Apogonidae 0.10 1.05 25.33 (0.07) (0.51) (25.33) Apogon sp. 0.01 (0.01) Apogon pseudomaculatus 0.43 3.55 <0.01 (0. 38) (2 .06) (<0.01) Astrapogon alutus 0.02 (0. 02) Phaeoptyx conklini 0.01 <0.01 (0.01) (<0.01) Synagrops bella 1.46 <0.01 (1.11) (<0.01) Caulolatilis sp. <0.01 (<0.01) Lopholn t ll is chamae leont Jct:~ps 0.08 (0. 08) Pomatomus saltatrix 7.06 0.02 (3. 00) (0.02) Rachycentron canadum 0. 14 0.24 0.02 0.08 0.14 0.08 (0. 08) (0.17) (0.02) (0.08) (0.14) (0. 08) Remora sp. <0.01 (<0.01) Remora remora 0.01 0.04 0.05 (0.01) (0.04) (0.04) Echeneis naucrates 0.01 0.01 0.03 (0.01) (0.01) (0.03) Carangidae 0.01 0.01 0.02 (0.01) (0.01) (0. 02) Trachurus lathami 3.25 2.28 3.02 0.85 (2.18) (1. 4 7) (2.16) (0. 76) " "' Table 9. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81 110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Alectis ciliaris 0.03 0.02 0.03 (0.02) (0.02) (0.03) Caranx sp. 0.03 (0. 02) Caranx bartholomaei 0.03 0.44 0.02 (0.02) (0. 33) (0. 02) Caranx hippos 0.24 (0.15) Caranx latus 0.01 0.01 (0.01) (0.01) Caranx crysos 0.06 l. 90 0.03 0.15 (0.04) (1.01) (0.03) (0.15) Caranx ruber 0.01 (0.01) Chloroscombrus chrysurus 0.12 13.56 0.02 0.03 (0.12) (10.19) (0.02) (0. 03) Selar crumenophthalmus 1.09 0.03 0.10 0.14 (0.84) (0.03) (0.10) (0.14) Selene vomer 0.24 (0 .10) Seriola sp. 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.14 (0.01) (0.01) ( 0. 06) (0.14) Seriola dumerili 0.01 0.04 0.07 <0.01 0.08 (0.01) (0.03) (0.04) (<0.01) (0. 08) Serio la rivo liana 0.07 (0. 03) Seriola zonata 0.03 0.01 0.03 <0.01 (0.02) (0.01) (0.03) (<0.01) Trachinotus carolinus 0.05 (0 .03) Selene setapinnis <0.01 0.44 (<0.01) (0. 23) "' Table 9. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Decapterus sp. 0.03 (0.03) Decapterus macarellus 0.01 0.05 0.08 (0.01) (0.05) (0. 08) Decapterus punctatus 205.75 161.28 49.55 69.21 178.71 l. 25 0.15 (63.90) (69.55) (21.53) (63. 76) (129.65) (1.25) (0. 10) Naucrates ductor 0.01 (0.01) Lutjanus griseus <0.01 (<0.01) Lutjanus analis 0.05 (0. 04) Lutjanus buccanella 0.02 (0. 02) Lutjanus campechanus 0.03 0.10 0.29 (0.02) (0.08) (0. 29) Lutjanus vivanus 0.01 0.27 (0.01) (0. 20) Ocyurus chrysurus 0.03 (0.03) Rhomboplites aurorubens 27.46 0.22 38.03 5.58 7.14 0.42 (10.25) (0.12) (27.46) (5.53) (4.74) (0.34) Pristipomoides aquilonaris "'" Table 9. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Haemulon sp. 0.59 <0.01 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 (0. 4 7) (<0.01) (0 .03) (<0.01) (<0.01) Haemulon aurolineatum 60.94 15.39 132.65 4. 63 21.43 4.83 (13.77) (6.28) (45.53) (3.98) (21. 43) (4.15) Haemulon plumieri 7.49 0. 13 3.02 0.03 (6.19) (0.09) (0.73) (0.03) Haemulon striatum 0.01 0.02 (0.01) (0. 02) Orthopristis chrysoptera 0.62 5.81 4.02 0.03 0.14 (0 .19) ( 1. 39) (2.28) (0.03) (0.14) Sparidae <0.01 0.04 50.11 8.42 (<0.01) (0.04) (50.11) (8.42) Stenotomus sp. 0.97 19.15 6.67 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 (0. 74) (7.52) (6.67) (<0.01) (<0.01) ( ..... "' Table 9. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Calamus penna 0.01 0.03 (0.01) (0.02) Calamus proridens 0.07 (0.05) Pagrus pagrus 1.93 0.03 3.67 0.32 10. 14 1.42 (1. 09) (0.02) ( 1. 17) (0. 22) (4.83) (0. 73) Sciaenidae 0.10 (0.10) Cynoscion sp. 0.09 (0.06) Cynoscion nebulosus 0.07 (0.06) Cynoscion nothus 0.63 (0. 60) Cynoscion regalis 0.01 12.34 0.03 (0.01) (5.86) (0.03) Bairdiella chrysoura 0.34 (0.18) Leiostomus xanthurus 1.25 74.08 0.05 (0.69) (14.17) ( 0. 05) Larimus fasciatus 0.88 (0.26) Menticirrhus sp. 0.12 (0.07) Menticirrhus americanus 0.42 (0. 20) Menticirrhus littoralis <0.01 (<0.01) Menticirrhus saxatilus 0.01 0.15 0.03 (0.01) (0.05) (0.03) Micropogonias undulatus 0.07 23.78 (0.03) (10.37) 0"" Table 9. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Sciaenops ocellata 0.01 (0.01) Stellifer lanceolata <0.01 1.40 (<0.01) (1.27) Equetes sp. 0.01 0.02 0.50 (0.01) (0.02) (0.05) Equetes lanceolatus 0.14 0. 77 0.26 (0.09) (0. 40) (0.26) Pareques umbrosus 0.93 0.08 3.80 0.50 (0. 37) (0. 04) (1.92) (0.42) Pareques sp. nov. 0.02 (0. 02) Mullidae 0.23 0.03 (0. 23) (0.03) Mullus auratus 0. 77 0.03 0.33 <0.01 <0.01 (0. 46) (0. 02) (0.14) (<0.01) (<0.01) Pseudupenaeus maculatus 0.03 <0.01 0.02 (0. 02) ( co ~ Table 9. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Chaetodon aculeatus 0.29 (0.29) Holacanthus sp. 0.32 0.71 (0.28) (0.71) Holacanthus ci1iaris 0.02 (0. 02) Holacanthus bermudensis 0.83 0.32 0.05 o. 71 (0.61) (0.13) (0.04) (0.42) Pomacanthus arcuatus 0.02 (0. 02) Pomacentridae 3.86 (3. 86) Abudefduf saxatilis 0.08 (0. 08) Chromis sp. 0.17 (0. 17) Chromis enchrysurus <0.01 (<0.01) Chromis scotti 0.03 (0. 03) Sphyraenidae 0.51 0.13 (0.51) (0.12) Sphyraena borealis 0.10 0.23 <0.01 (0.07) (0.12) (<0.01) Sphyrneuu guHchnncho 0. 011 0.09 (0.04) (0.07) Labridae 0.04 <0.01 0.07 0.08 (0.03) (<0.01) (0.03) (0.08) Tautoga onitis 0.06 0.03 (0. 04) (0.02) Clepticus parrai <0.01 (<0.01) 00 N Table 9. (cant' d) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Halichoeres bivittatus 0.01 (0.01) Hemipteronotus sp. 0.01 (0.01) Hemipteronotus novacula 0.22 0.01 0.15 <0.01 (0.07) (0.01) (0.07) (<0.01) Lachnolaimus maximus 0.38 1.35 0.05 0.29 0.08 (0.35) (0. 58) (0.04) (0.18) (0. 08) Scaridae 0.01 0.18 (0.01) (0.14) Cryptotomus roseus <0.01 0.03 (<0.01) (0.03) Nicholsina usta 0.10 (0. 06) Sparisoma sp. <0.01 (<0.01) Sparisoma radians <0.01 (<0.01) Opistognathidae 0.01 (0.01) Uranoscopidae 0.02 0.08 (0. 02) (0.08) Astroscopus sp. 0.03 <0.01 (0. 03) (<0.01) Astroscopus guttatus 0.03 (0. 02) Astroscopus y-graecum 0.03 0.03 (0 .02) (0. 02) Kathetostoma alblgutta 0.02 0. 18 1. 75 2.08 0.50 (0. 02) (0.09) (0.83) (0. 76) (0.50) Blenniidae 0.02 (0. 02) ()) w Table 9. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Parablennius marmorius 0.03 (0.03) Gobiosoma ginsburgi 0.01 (0.01) Microgobius carri 0.01 (0.01) Acanthurus sp. <0.01 (<0.01) Acanthurus bahianus 0.02 (0. 02) Acanthurus chirurgus <0.01 (<0.01) Trichiurus lepturus 1.01 0.02 (0.63) (0.02) Scomber japonicus 7.65 1.35 0.12 0.05 (6.36) (0.83) (0.07) (0.05) Scomberomorus sp. 0.06 (0.04) Scomberomorus cavalla 0.01 0.27 0.03 (0.01) (0.09) (0. 02) Scomberomorus maculatus 0.10 0.95 0.03 (0.07) (0.36) (0. 02) Ariomma regulus 0.29 (0.29) Stromateidae 0.46 (0.46) Peprilus sp. 0.76 (0.70) Peprilus triacanthus 0.43 29.40 0.17 9.79 27.23 12.50 (0.33) (7 .47) (0 .17) (9.71) (25.75) (11.71) Peprilus alepidotus 3.30 (2.06) ""-"' Table 9. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Scorpaenidae 0.06 <0.01 0.33 0.03 1.00 0.08 <0.01 (0 .04) (<0.01) (0.18) (0.03) (0.83) (0.08) (<0.01) Helicolenus dactylopterus 2.00 (2. 00) Neomerinthe hemingwayi 0.03 0.17 (0.03) (0.17) Scorpaena sp. 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.24 0.29 (0.03) (0.01) (0.03) (0.21) (0.29) Scorpaena agassizi 0.08 0.08 (0.05) (0. 08) Scorpaena brasiliensis 0.23 0.03 0.55 0.03 0.85 (0.13) (0.02) (0.23) (0.03) ( 0. 85) Scorpaena calcarata 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.08 (0.02) (0. 03) (0.04) (0. 08) Scorpaena dispar 0.22 0.03 (0 .10) (0. 03) Scorpaena plumieri <0.01 (<0.01) Triglidae 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.25 1.08 0.33 (0.03) (0.03) (0. 02) (0. 03) (0.18) ( 1. 08) ( 0. 33) Prionotus sp. 0.29 0.25 0.02 0.66 1.00 (0.29) (0.21) (0.02) (0. 66) (l. 00) Prionotus carolinus 2.19 2.38 4.05 57.74 2.14 13.50 (0.89) (0.56) (1.15) (52.71) (2.14) (13.32) Prionotus evolans 0.23 0.12 0.17 (0.14) (0.05) (0.17) Prionotus scitulus 0. 17 0.97 0.02 0.05 (0.10) (0.46) (0.02) (0.04) Prionotus tribulus 0.06 0.02 <0.01 (0.03) (0. 02) (<0.01) Prionotus alatus 0.05 0.50 1. 38 45.83 (0.04) (0.34) (0.60) (35.65) co '-" Table 9. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Prionotus ophryas 0.01 0.10 (0.01) (0.05) Prionotus roseus <0.01 0.92 0.46 (<0.01) (0.67) (0.46) Prionotus salmonicolor 0.03 0.03 0.03 (0.02) (0. 02) (0.03) Prionotus stearnsi 0.03 7.15 12.17 (0.03) (5.85) (11.97) Bellator sp. 0.02 (0. 02) Bellator brachychir 0.54 0.33 (0.37) (0.33) Bellator egretta 0.03 0.08 (0.03) (0.08) Bellator militaris 0.05 0.58 0.31 (0.05) (0.43) (0.17) Peristedion miniatum 0.08 0.38 (0. 08) (0.31) Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus 0.08 (0. 08) Dactylopterus volitans 0.03 0.02 (0.03) (0.02) BothJdae 0.01 <0.01 (0.01) (<0.01) Citharichthys sp. 0.01 (0.01) Citharichthys arctifrons 0.01 3.46 0.17 (0.01) (3.46) (0 .1 7) Citharichthys macrops 0.23 0.02 (0.10) (0.02) Etropus sp. 0.01 (0.01) C/:) "' Table 9. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Etropus microstomus 0.03 0.05 (0.02) (0.04) Etropus rimosus <0.01 0.02 (<0.01) (0. 02) Etropus cyclosquamus 0.02 (0.01) Paralichthys sp. 0.13 0.10 0.22 0. 11 0.33 (0. 09) (0.05) (0.17) (0 .08) (0.33) Paralichthys dentatus 0.23 1.32 0.58 0.47 0.08 (0.06) (0.26) (0.22) (0.35) (0.08) Paralichthys albigutta 0.01 0.02 0.17 (0.01) (0.01) (0.08) Paralichthys lethostigma 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.26 (0.01) (0.01) (0.03) (0 .19) Paralichthys squamilentus 0.08 0.17 (0. 08) (0.17) Scophthalmus aquosus 0.03 0.64 0.02 (0. 03) (0.19) (0. 02) Ancylopsetta dilecta 0.17 (0.17) Ancylopsetta quadrocellata 0.12 0. 15 0.03 0.16 0.17 (0.05) (0.03) (0.02) (0.09) (0.17) Bothus sp. 0.01 0.04 0.02 4.47 1.25 1.62 (0.01) (0.03) (0.02) (3.17) ( l. 25) (l. 62) Bothus ocellatus 0.03 0.02 0.23 3.03 0.42 0.17 (0.03) (0.02) (0.10) (1.09) (0.42) (0. 17) Hothus rohinBi. 0.29 (0.29) Cyclopsetta fimbriata 0.07 0.03 0.14 0.08 (0.04) (0.03) (0.14) (0.08) Gastropsetta frontalis <0.01 ( -._J"" Table 9. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Monolene sessilicauda 0.50 (0.50) Syacium sp. 1.55 21.33 0.23 (0.92) (20. 79) (0.23) Syacium gunteri 0.01 (0.01) Syacium micrurum 0.03 0.08 <0.01 (0.02) (0.07) (<0.01) Syacium papilosum 0.04 0.06 0.48 1.39 2.33 4.23 (0.03) (0.02) (0.13) (0.64) (1. 09) (2. 19) Gymnachirus melas 0.10 0.03 0. 17 0.08 (0.06) (0.03) (0.11) (0. 08) Symphurus sp. 0.31 (0.24) Symphurus plagiusa 0.08 0.08 <0.01 0.08 (0.04) (0.06) (<0.01) (0. 08) Symphurus diomedianus 0.02 (0. 02) Symphurus urospilus 0.08 (0. 08) Parahollardia lineata 0.17 (0.17) Balistidae <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 (<0.01) (<0.01) (<0.01) (<0.01) Aluterus sp. 0.02 <0.01 (0.02) (<0.01) Aluterus schoepfi 5.65 0.17 2.85 0.03 0.43 (2.79) (0.13) ( 1. 33) (0.03) (0.43) Aluterus heudeloti 0.03 0.03 (0. 03) (0. 02) Aluterus monoceros 0.03 0.07 (0.03) (0.05) co co Table 9. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Aluterus scripta 0.04 0.01 0.03 (0.03) (0.01) (0.03) Balistes sp. 0.22 0.07 0.03 0.08 (0. 20) (0.07) (0.03) (0. 08) Balistes capriscus 0. 78 0.03 4.27 0.03 0. 14 0.25 (0.52) (0.01) (2.36) (0.03) (0.14) (0.18) Balistes vetula 0.01 0.03 (0.01) (0. 02) Monacanthus sp. 0.29 0.24 1.18 <0.01 (0.29) ( 0. 24) (0. 78) (<0.01) Monacanthus ciliatus 0.03 <0.01 0.22 0.05 (0.02) (<0.01) (0. 09) (0.05) Monacanthus hispidus 37.61 16.68 93.47 233.50 2572.00 83.42 0. 15 0.17 (13.31) (8. 53) (20.79) (210.83) (2571. 33) (83.33) ( 0. 10) (0.17) Lactophrys sp. 0.12 (0. 08) Lactophrys quadricornls 0.25 0.05 0.08 (0. 09) (0.02) ( 0. 04) Lactophrys polygonia 0.03 0.03 (0. 02) (0.03) Tetraodontidae 0.01 (0.01) Lagocephalus sp. 0.03 0.42 0.08 (0.03) (0.42) (0.08) Lagocephalus laevigatus <0.01 0.13 0.05 0.15 (<0.01) (0.08) (0.04) (0.15) Sphoeroides sp. 0.14 0.05 0.03 0.83 (0.09) (0.04) (0.03) (0. 83) Sphoeroides maculatus 0.23 0.94 0.87 0.68 (0. 09) (0.31) (0.49) (0.45) Sphoeroides dorsalis <0.01 0.08 0.17 (<0.01) ( 0. 04) (0.11) "'"" Table 9. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand sand Species Sphoeroides nephe1us 0.01 0.02 (0.01) (0.02) Sphoeroides spengleri <0.01 0.15 (<0.01) ( 0. 08) Diodontidae 0.02 (0. 02) Chilomycterus sp. 0.15 (0.15) Chilomycterus schoepfi 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.08 (0.02) (0. 03) (0.05) (0.08) Chilomycterus atinga <0.01 0.03 (<0.01) (0.02) Diodon hystrix 0.02 (0. 02) Mola mola 0.01 (0.01) "'0 91 Table 10. Frequency of occurrence of fishes by depth zone from trawl stations in the North Carolina SEAMAP test area that were classified as Reef. Fishes are listed in decreasing order of total frequency. Compare to Appendix G. Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 No. Stations 69 60 7 Species Monacanthus hispidus 56 47 3 Haemulon aurolineatum 52 42 2 Centropristis striata 50 37 Decapterus punctatus 47 26 6 Calamus leucosteus 43 28 Synodus foetens 39 20 3 Stenotomus caprinus 34 26 Diplodus holbrooki 32 25 Haemulon plumieri 23 33 Rhomboplites aurorubens 31 22 3 Stenotomus chrysops 28 19 Prionotus carolinus 20 25 1 Diplectrum formosum 21 23 Pagrus pagrus 15 25 4 Lagodon rhomboides 30 12 Aluterus schoepfi 22 17 1 Sardinella aurita 23 12 2 Pareques umbrosus ll 25 Orthopristis chrysoptera l3 15 1 Paralichthys dentatus 14 15 Balistes capriscus ll 13 1 Centropristis ocyurus 6 18 Mullus auratus 13 10 1 Calamus sp. ll 12 Porichthys plectrodon ll ll Ophidion holbrooki 6 15 Syacium papilosum 4 17 Trachinocephalus myops 9 12 Lachnolaimus maximus 5 12 2 Equetes lanceolatus 5 13 Hemipteronotus novacula 10 7 Priacanthus arenatus 6 ll Raja eglanteria 12 5 Chaetodon ocellatus 5 9 2 Lactophrys quadricornis 11 5 Scorpaena brasiliensis 7 9 Etrumeus teres 10 4 1 Holacanthus bermudensis 4 7 3 Sphoeroides maculatus 8 6 Trachurus lathami 9 5 Dasyatis centroura 3 7 1 92 Table 10. (cont'd) DeEth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Species Mycteroperca pbenax 4 7 Archosargus probatocephalus 8 2 Monacanthus ciliatus 3 7 Serranus phoebe 6 4 Stenotomus sp. 6 3 1 Synodus intermedius 4 6 Ancylopsetta quadrocellata 7 2 Apogonidae 3 6 Mustelus canis 6 3 Scomber japonicus 6 3 Apogon pseudomaculatus 2 6 Bothus ocellatus 1 7 Chaetodon sedentarius 2 3 3 Mycteroperca microlepis 5 3 Paralichthys albigutta 1 7 Calamus nodosus 4 2 1 Gymnothorax saxicola 1 6 Labridae 2 5 Leiostomus xanthurus 7 Paralichthys sp. 4 3 Prionotus scitulus 5 2 Pseudupeneus maculatus 2 5 Rachycentron canadum 5 1 1 Scorpaenidae 3 4 Seriola dumerili 3 3 1 Sphoeroides spengleri 7 Urophycis regia 4 3 Balistidae 4 2 Caranx bartholomaei 5 1 Dasyatis sayi 3 2 1 Fistularia tabacaria 3 2 1 Haemulon sp. 4 2 Mycteroperca interstitialis 4 1 1 Opisthonema oglinum 5 1 Prionotus sp. 3 3 Prionotus evolans 6 Selar crumenophthalmus 4 1 1 Synodontidae 3 2 Synodus poeyi 2 3 1 Urophycis earlli 4 2 Aluterus heudeloti 2 3 Aluterus monoceros 2 3 Anchoa hepsetus 4 1 Astroscopus y-graecum 3 2 93 Table 10. (cont'd) Deeth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Species Balistes sp. 4 l Chaetodipterus faber l 4 Chilomycterus schoepfi 2 3 Clupeidae 2 3 Cyclopsetta fimbriatta 4 l Dasyatis americana l 4 Lagocephalus laevigatus l 4 Micropogonias undulatus 5 Prionotus ophryas l 4 Scomberomorus maculatus 3 2 Scorpaena dispar 5 Sphyraena borealis 4 1 Aletctis ciliaris 2 2 Calamus calamus 2 2 Caranx crysos 4 Centropristis philadelphica l 3 Gymnachirus melas 4 Ophidiidae 2 2 Paralichthys lethostigma 1 3 Peprilus triacanthus 3 l Scaridae l 3 Seriola sp. l 2 l Seriola rivoliana 4 Seriola zonata 2 2 Sphoeroides sp. 4 Sphoeroides dorsalis 4 Urophycis floridana 2 2 Aluterus scripta 2 l Balistes vetula l 2 Bothus sp. l 2 Carangidae l 2 Chaetodon striata 2 l Chilomycterus atinga l 2 Conger oceanicus 3 Dasyatis sp. 3 Fistularia sp. l 2 Gymnura altavela 2 1 Haemulidae 1 l 1 Holacanthus sp. 2 l Lactophrys sp. 3 Lactophrys polygonius 2 l Lutjanus campechanus 2 Mycteroperca sp. 1 2 Nicholsina usta 3 94 Table 10. (cont'd) De[:th Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Species Prionotus salmonicolor 3 Remora remora 1 2 Rhizoprionodon terraenovae 2 1 Scomberomorus cavalla l 2 Scorpaena sp. l 1 1 Scorpaena agassizi 3 Scorpaena calcarata 3 Tautoga onitis 3 Astroscopus guttatus 2 Au1ostomus maculatus 2 Calamus proridens 2 Caranx sp. 2 Carapus bermudensis 2 Centropristes sp. l 1 Chaetodon sp. 2 Chaetodon aya 1 l Chloroscombrus chrysurus 1 1 C1upea harengus 1 1 Dactylopterus vo1itans l 1 Epinephe1us morio l 1 Etropus microstomus 2 Gymnothorax sp. 2 Haemulon striatum 2 Halichoeres bivittatus 2 Lutjanus analis 2 Lutjanus buccanella 2 Lutjanus vivanus 2 Mycteroperca bonaci 1 1 Odontaspis taurus 2 Rypticus saponaceus l 1 Sardinella sp. 1 1 Scophthalmus aquosus 1 1 Serranidae l l Sphyraenidae 2 Syacium micrurum 2 Synodus synodus 1 1 Triglidae 1 1 Upenaeus parvus 2 Acanthurus sp. l Acanthurus bahianus l Acanthurus chirurgus l Antennarius ocellatus l Ariomma regulus l Astrapogon alutus l 95 Table 10. (cont'd) Derth Zone (fm) <14 15 30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Species Bellator sp. 1 Bellator egretta 1 Calamus penna 1 Caranx latus 1 Carcarhinus plumbeus 1 Caulolatilus sp. 1 Chaetodon aculeatus 1 Chilomycterus sp. 1 Chromis enchrysurus 1 Citharichthys arctifrons 1 Citharicthys macrops 1 Clepticus parrai 1 Cryptotomeus roseus 1 Cynoscion regalis 1 Cypselurus melanurus 1 Diodon hystrix 1 Diodontidae 1 Echineis naucrates 1 Engraulidae 1 Anguilliformes 1 Epinephelus drummondheyi 1 Equetes sp. 1 Etropus rimosus 1 Fistularia petimba 1 Gadidae 1 Gobiosoma ginsburgi 1 Gobiesox struma sus 1 Halieutichthys sp. 1 Hemipteronotus sp. 1 Hippocampus erectus 1 Holacanthus ciliaris 1 Holocentrus ascensionis 1 Kathetostoma albigutte 1 Letharchus velifer 1 Lop hi us sp. 1 Lophius americanus 1 Lutjenus griseus 1 Menticirrhus saxatilis 1 Monacan thus sp. 1 Marone americana 1 Mullidae 1 Myliobatis freminvillei 1 Narcine brasiliensis 1 Ocyurus chrysurus 1 96 Table 10. (cont'd) DeEth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Species Ogcocephalus sp. 1 Ophidion grayae 1 Ophidion welshi 1 Opsanus sp. 1 Parablennius marmoreus 1 Pareques n. sp. 1 Phaeoptyx conklini 1 Pomacanthus arcuatus 1 Pomacentridae 1 Pomatomus saltatrix 1 Prionotus tribulus 1 Pristygenys alta 1 Raja sp. 1 Rissola marginatum 1 Scorpaena plumieri 1 Selene setapinnis 1 Sparisoma sp. 1 Sparidae 1 Sphoeroides nephelus 1 Sphyraena guachancho 1 Sphyrna lewini 1 Squalus acanthias 1 Stellifer lanceolatus 1 Symphurus diomedianus 1 Synod us sp. 1 Trichiurus lepturus 1 Uranoscopidae 1 Urophycis sp. 1 Urophycis tenuis 1 Total No. Taxa 165 194 49 97 Table ll. Frequency of occurrence of fishes by depth zone from trawl stations in the North Carolina SEAMAP test area that were classified as Non-Reef. Fishes are listed in decreasing order of total frequency. Compare to Appendix H, Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 No. Stations 144 38 12 13 6 Species Synodus foetens 78 16 6 3 Monacanthus hispidus 65 13 2 2 1 Decapterus punctatus 65 9 1 2 Leiostomus xanthurus 76 l Lagodon rhomboides 68 1 Stenotomus caprinus 63 4 Paralichthys dentatus 58 4 l Centropristes striata 53 5 Haemulon aurolineatum 46 5 5 Peprilus triacanthus 47 2 3 3 Pr1onotus carolinus 45 8 2 Orthopristis chrysoptera 49 l Pomatomus saltatrix 46 Sardinella aurita 41 4 l Micropogonias undulatus 44 Anchoa hepsetus 41 Sphoeroides maculatus 38 3 Urophycis regia 21 4 5 4 Opisthonema oglinum 37 Calamus leucosteus 35 Porichthys plectrodon 28 1 1 2 4 Raj a eglanteria 32 1 3 Cynoscion regalis 34 1 Trachinocephalus myops l3 12 8 2 Syacium papilosum 8 13 7 5 Stenotomus chrysops 27 4 Rhizoprionodon terraenovae 29 1 Stenotomus sp. 22 6 2 Ancylopsetta quadrocellata 24 4 1 Scophthalmus aquosus 29 Diplectrum formosum 19 8 l Prionotus scitulus 25 2 Menticirrhus americanus 26 Diplodus holbrooki 23 2 Ophidion holbrooki 13 7 2 1 Etrumeus teres 16 5 1 Chloroscomhrus chrysoptera 20 l Larimus fasciatus 21 Mustelus canis 19 1 1 Anchoa mitchilli 20 Kathetostoma albigutta 5 6 8 1 Scomberomorus maculatus 20 98 Table 11. (cont'd) De)2th Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Species Trachurus lathami 17 3 Caranx crysos 17 1 1 Prionotus sp. 9 5 4 Squalus acanthias 18 Chaetodipterus faber 17 Menticirrhus saxatilis 15 1 Halieutichthys aculeatus 5 7 8 Bothus ocellatus 1 11 1 1 Citharicthys macrops 14 Peprilus alepidotus 14 Trichiurus lepturus 14 Archosargus probatocephalus 12 1 Haemulon sp. 10 1 2 Prionotus alatus "~ 2 5 4 Rhomboplites aurorubens 9 2 2 Scomberomcrus cavalla 13 Centropristis sp. 7 3 2 Centropristis ocyurus 5 3 4 Mona canthus sp. 6 5 1 Pagrus pagrus 3 4 5 Selene setapinnis 12 Engraulidae ll Paralichthys sp. 8 2 1 Sphoeroides sp. 8 1 2 Synodus poeyi 2 2 7 Alosa aestivalis 10 Balistes capriscus 6 1 3 Dasyatis centroura 7 2 1 Selene vomer 10 Symphurus plagiusa 6 2 1 1 Caranx bartholomaei 9 Eucinostomus gula 9 Ophidion grayae 7 2 Ophichthus ocellatus 2 6 1 Prionotus evolans 8 1 Raja garmani l 2 4 2 Scomber japonicus 8 1 Aluterus schoepfi 7 1 Dasyatis americana 5 2 1 Dasyatis sayi 7 1 Haemulon plumieri 6 2 Mullus auratus 7 1 Ogcocephalus sp. 1 2 4 1 Ogcocephalus nasutus 2 3 3 Priacanthus arenatus 8 Prionotus stearnsi 1 5 2 99 Table 11. (cont'd) Dej2th Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Species Rachycentron canadum 6 1 1 Scorpaena calcarata 5 2 1 Syacium sp. 4 3 1 Bairdiella chrysoura 7 Bellator militaris 1 3 3 Eo thus sp. 3 2 l 1 Centropristis philadelphica 7 Morone americana 2 ~ 1 Myliobatis freminvillei 7 Pareques umbrosus 5 ~ Prionotus tribulus 6 1 ,, Scorpaenidae 1 2 1 1 Sphyraena borealis 7 Synod us intermedius 4 3 ~ Triglidae 2 1 ~ 1 1 Urophycis sp. 6 1 Alosa sapidissima 6 Caranx hippos 6 Cynoscion sp. 6 Eucinostomus argenteus 6 Hippocampus erectus 4 1 Paralichthys lethostigma 4 2 Prionotus roseus 1 4 1 Raja sp. 5 1 Sphoeroides dorsalis 1 5 Balistidae 4 1 Brevoortia tyrannus 5 Calamus sp. 3 2 Chilomycterus schoepfi 4 1 Clupeidae 5 Conger oceanicus 2 l 1 l Lactophrys quadricornis 5 Ogcocephalus parvus l 3 l Ophidiidae 3 2 Rhinobatos lentigenosus 4 l Scorpaena brasiliensis 3 1 l Synodontidae 3 1 l Urophycis earlli 5 Antigonia capros 1 1 2 Fistularia petimba 1 3 Gymnachirus melas 1 2 l Lagocephalus laevigatus 3 1 Lepophidium cervinum 2 2 Menticirrhus sp. 4 Narcine brasiliensis 2 2 Ogcocephalus corniger 1 3 100 Table 11. (cont'd) De~:th Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Species Prionotus salmonicolor 3 1 Rhinoptera bonasus 3 1 Seriola dumerili 3 1 Seriola zonata 3 1 Serranus phoebe 1 2 1 Synod us sp. 3 1 Tautoga onitis 4 Trachinotus carolinus 4 Aluterus sp. 2 1 Anchoa sp. 3 Bellator brachychir 0 1 Calamus nodosus 1 2 " Carcarhinus plumbeus 2 1 Decapterus macarellus 1 1 1 Diplectrum sp. 2 1 Anguilliformes 2 1 Etropus cyclosquamus 3 Gyrnnothorax saxicola 2 1 Haemulidae 2 1 Lachnolaimus maximus 2 1 Lagocephalus sp. 1 1 1 Merluccius bilinearis 3 Ophichthidae 1 1 1 Opsanus sp. 3 Paralichthys albigutta 3 Peprilus sp. 3 Peristedion miniatum 1 2 Rissola marginatum 3 Scorpaena sp. 1 2 Sparidae 1 1 1 Sphyraenidae 3 Squalus sp. 3 Syacium micrurum 2 1 Synagrops bella 2 1 Alec tis ciliaris 2 Alosa sp. 2 Anchoa lyolepis 2 Argentina silus 1 1 Argentina striata l 1 Astroscopus sp. 1 1 Balistes sp. 1 1 Bothidae 1 1 Bothus robinsi 2 Brevoortia sp. 2 Calamus penna 2 Carangidae 2 101 Table 11. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Species Carcarhinus acronotus 2 Carcarhinus obscurus 2 Chaetodon sp. 1 1 Chaetodon ocellatus 2 Citharichthys sp. 2 Citharichthys arctifrons 1 1 Clupea harengus 1 1 Cyclopsetta fimbriatta 1 1 Cynoscion nebulosus 2 Cynoscion nothus 2 Dasyatis sabina 2 Echineis naucrates 1 1 Engraulis eurystole 2 Equetes sp. 1 1 Etropus microstomus 2 Fistularia tabacaria 2 Gymnothorax sp. 1 1 Hemipteronotus novacula 1 1 Holacanthus bermudensis 2 Labridae 1 1 Lutjanus campechanus 2 Macrorhamphosus scolopax 2 Monacanthus ciliatus 1 1 Neomerinthe hemingwayi 1 1 Paralichthys squamilentus 1 1 Priacanthus sp. 1 1 Pristigenys alta 2 Saurida normani 2 Sciaenidae 2 Scomber sp. 2 Selar crumenophthalmus 2 Seriola sp. 2 Serranidae 1 1 Sphyraena guachancho 2 Sphyrna lewini l 1 Squatina durnerili l 1 Stellifer lanceolatus 2 Symphurus sp. 2 Torpedo nobiliana l 1 Urophycis floridana 2 Zenopsis conchifera l l Abudefduf saxatilis l Acipenser sp. l Acipenser oxyrhynchus l Alosa pseudoharengus 1 Aluterus scripta 1 102 Table 11. (cont'd) DeEth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Species Anchoa cub ana 1 Anchoa nasuta 1 Ancylopsetta dilecta 1 Anthias sp. 1 Anthias nicholsi 1 Antigonia sp. 1 Apogonidae 1 Apogon sp. 1 Apogon pseudomaculatus 1 Apterichthus kendalli 1 Argentina sp. 1 Bellator egretta 1 Blennidae 1 Carapus bermudensis 1 Caranx latus 1 Caranx ruber 1 Chaetodon aya 1 Chaetodon sedentarius 1 Chlorophthalmidae 1 Chlorophthalmus agassizi 1 Chromis sp. 1 Chromis SCOtti 1 Conger sp. 1 Congridae 1 Cryptotomeus roseus 1 Dasyatis sp. 1 Decapterus sp. 1 Epinephelus drummondhayi 1 Equetes lanceolatus 1 Etropus sp. 1 Etropus rimosus 1 Gastropsetta frontalis 1 Gerreidae 1 Gymnura altavela 1 Gymnura micrura 1 Haemulon striatum 1 He1icolenus dactylopterus 1 Hemanthias vivanus 1 Hildebrandia flava 1 Hippocampus sp. 1 Holocentrus sp. 1 Holocentrus bullisi 1 Lepophidium sp. 1 Lepophidium jeannae 1 Lophius sp. 1 Lop hi us americanus 1 103 Table 11. (cont'd) DeEth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Species Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps l Lutjanus vivanus 1 Menticirrhus littoralis l Merluccius sp. 1 Microgobius carri 1 Mala mola 1 Monolene sessilicauda 1 Mullidae 1 Mycteroperca microlepis 1 Mycteroperca phenax l Myliobatis sp. 1 Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus l Naucrates ductor 1 Odontaspis taurus 1 Ogcocephalidae 1 Ophichthus cruentifer 1 Ophichthus gomesi 1 Ophidion selenops 1 Opistognathidae 1 Opsanus tau 1 Otophidium omostigium l Parahollardia lineata 1 Phaeoptyx conklini 1 Physiculus fulva l Pristipomoides aquilonaris 1 Pseudupeneus maculatus 1 Remora sp. l Remora remora 1 Sciaenops ocellata l Scorpaena agassizi 1 Scorpaena dispar 1 Serraniculus pumilio 1 Sparisoma radians 1 Sphoeroides nephelus 1 Sphoeroides spengleri l Stromateidae 1 Syacium gunteri 1 Symphurus urospilus l Tetraodontidae l Upenaeus parvus 1 Uranoscopidae 1 Total No. Taxa 221 128 89 59 49 104 the pre--classified stations: l) conservative analysis criteria allowed some reef habitat to be classified as sand; 2) there were imperfections in the R-M-R list; 3) mobility of secondary reef fishes allowed them to occur in both habitats; 4) classifications were confounded by pelagic fishes which are prevalent over both habitats; and 5) the pre-classified data set was more restricted in dates and methods than test area data. The larger data set of test area stations accounted for the greater number of species compared to the pre-classified stations. Agreement of community structure by habitat between the test area stations and pre-classified stations provided some support for the validity of the classifications. Direct observations had already classified the habitats for the 14 submersible and SCUBA stations as 13 reef and one non-reef. When the discriminant functions and percent non-reef species analyses were applied to these stations, they all were classified as reef by both techniques. Since one SCUBA station was mostly a sand habitat, there was one apparent classification error. Explanation for this error, as pointed out earlier, is that the few fishes observed at that SCUBA station were reef species clustered around a very small sponge/ coral area, thus, to the analysis routines it seemed a reef habitat. The SEAMAP survey and Bottom Happing Work Group determined that for many purposes habitat resolution within 1 sq nautical mile (3.1+ sq km) grids was desirable. Hard bottom stations or areas from the SCUBA (n=9), submersible (n=4), trawl (n=l36), and geological seismic surveys (Figure ll) were plotted on charts of similar scale overlaid with 1 x 1 n mi grids. Eight of the pre-classified hard bottom trawl stations (Dan Hoare and _!tlbat~~ IV) occurred in the test area and were also plotted. A grid square was coded by profile type when a station fell 105 within it; then all were combined into one chart (Figure 14). All trawl data were coded as low profile. Although these trawls probably covered relatively level surfaces, accurate area profiles could not be assigned from these trawls. Of the total 2,319 sq nautical miles in the test area, geological data covered 182 sq n mi, SCUBA data 7, submersible data 3, aud the trawl data 133 sq n mi. The trawl data were underrepresented in area because only starting locations were provided for test area trawl transects. We recornm.end that starting and ending locations (or alternatively tow time, speed, and direction) always be recorded with transecting station data. In all 307 (13% of total) non-overlapping, hard bottom l sq n mi grids were coded in the test area (Figure 14). It is feasible and desirable that eventual mapping efforts also include non-reef areas,. Further clarification could be obtained if each grid were named, facilitating comparisons of bottom type classifications for varying methods by grid. The habitat classifications using discriminant functions and percent non-reef species for fish trawl data appear to work well. Although the techniques themselves are acceptable, refinements can be made. The discriminant functions should be redeveloped with pre-classified hard and soft bottom data that include depths > 55 fm. If sample sizes in all depth ranges were large enough, discriminant functions for each depth range might yield better classifications. The trawl data used to develop classification criteria for this project were all from North Carolina and used Yankee trawls with 30 min tow times. In addition to expanded depth coverage, the whole SAB and a greater range of methods or tow times should be considered. Choosing a larger pre-classified data set with greater depth, area, season and gear applicabiUty than was available in this TITLE Emergent rock outcrops in SEAMAP test areo by 1sq. nouticol mile quodrotes PROFILE • - high,>2m 1:81-medium,0.5-2m lSI lSI-low, <0.5 m lSI D- non-reef or unsurveyed lSI lSI ,.. 00' ~lSI lSI~~ 33' 30' lSI 8 lSI ~ lSI ~ lSI II lSI il'ill'il lSI II lSI lSI [!3 ~ l'ilfl lSI 33' oo' ~o 77"53' 78"00' Figure 14. Emergent hard bottom outcrops in the North Carolina SEAMAP test area by 1 sq n mi quadrats based on data from SCUBA, submersible, trawl, and seismic profiles. 107 project is an important future SEAMAP task if the discriminant function technique described here is to be applied with greater accuracy in the SAB. Similarly, the total list of SAB reef fishes (Table 4), with which the non-reef fishes were indirectly derived, could be improved somewhat. Several species should be added. We suggest that biologists with SAB fish experience determine the debatable habitat affinity of Stenotomus spp. Placement of Stenotomus may be very important in defining habitats because they are dominant benthic fishes in depths < 55 fm. For this project we categorized them as reef fishes. Since pelagic fishes can be common over any habitat, they probably should be eliminated from benthic habitat classification analyses. It >muld be a simple task to develop a list of the major SAB pelagic species. Invertebrate Oriented - Habitat analyses similar to those performed with fish data were planned for invertebrate collections, and along this line an invertebrate indicator list was developed (Table 5). There is no area wide hard bottom invertebrate list comparable. in scale to the R-M-R fish list. The most comprehensive SAB hard bottom invertebrate lists are from six South Carolina and Georgia shelf stations (Wenner et al. 1983, 1984) and three North Carolina shelf stations (Duke Univ. Marine Lab. 1982); however, specific categories of habitat affinities such as those developed by Starck (1968) for fishes are lacking for invertebrates. Invertebrates are generally more sessile than fishes and may display even more predictable habitat preferences; therefore, development of an inclusive area-wide hard bot tom invertebrate list is feasible. As with fishes, a list of pelagic invertebrates should be developed, and these species should not be used to classify benthic habitats. 108 The greatest hindrance to determining habitat type from invertebrate data was simply a lack of comprehensive data in most of the nine data sources (Table 1). Only the ELM-Duke program attempted to quantify all biota (Duke Univ. Marine Lab. 1982). However, the BLM data were directed toward a known hard bottom area. In order to develop discriminant functions, data from known soft bottom areas are required. Even comparisons of BLM catches with the indicator list (Table 5) would be difficult to interpret without soft bottom catches for comparisons. To use invertebrate data the way fish data were used in this project, a soft bottom invertebrate data base is needed along with a hard bottom data base. For reasons similar to those leading to a set minimum for fish (seep. 64), we recommend that, when the appropriate data are available, a minimum of 5 invertebrate species be required for a station to be classified as reef. Algae Oriented - Only one data source contained algae collections (R.B. Searles and C.W. Schneider, Table 1), which were made by mostly 15 min tows of a Cerame-Vivas dredge (width of 0.9 m) at a speed of 1 kn (1.85 km/hr) (Schneider 1975). An estimated maximum area of 416 sq m was usually sampled with each 15 min dredge haul. Although known rock outcrop areas were targeted (Schneider 1976), exploratory dredging over unknown bottom was accomplished. With the possible exception of Chaetomorpha crassa, all benthic macro-algae in the SAB (200+ species) are obligate hard bottom species. In general, any catches of benthic algae would be indicative of hard bottom. In using algal catches to determine presence or absence or hard bottom, other substrate evidence in the catch is also important. Algae can attach to shell material and, therefore, not indicate rock outcrops, but in this case shells with attached algae combined with a lack of rock substrate in 109 samples usually prevent bottom type misclassification. Benthic drift algae broke.n loose from the substrate may be common during certain seasons .. Algae in catches with no benthic substrates and represented by only broken pieces of plants should be disregarded in classifying bottom. Another precaution in using algae occurrence to delineate habitat involves the three species of SAB Sargassum. All three can occur as free floating surface drift plants, and two, S. natans and S. fluitans, are restricted to the surface; the other, .§_. filipendula is also a benthic plant. Which species are collected is important to bottom classification and if the only algae. caught are §argassum spp., bottom classifications cannot be inferred. Of the 93 algae directed dredge stations in the SEAMAP test area, 66 contained algae and were, thus, at least partly indicative of hard bottom. Since Schneider and Searles (1979) had estimated that dredges were only 6% as efficient as SCUBA quadrat collections (nearly 100% removal technique), these dredge samples are quite conservative. The mean number of algae species collected per station was 11.2 (± 2. 3 95% CI) with a range of 1-37 species. Sixteen stations (24%) contained fewer than five species, and for the same reasons discussed in the fish section a minimum number of at least five species was used as a cutoff below which the habitat was considered a soft bottom. The lower end of the 95% CI, nine species, may be a better lower limit. The 50 stations having ?: five algae species VJere plotted by 1 sq nautical mile grids (Figure 15). Since nearly all benthic macro-algae are hard bottom organisms, an algae indicator list is less useful for evaluating catches than lists for less habitat specific organisms such as fishes and many invertebrates. We provide here a list of the most common SAB benthic algae (Table 12); 78°00' 77°53' 34° 30' 0 0 0 0 .34° 00' 0 CD CD 0 0 Cape Fear 0 0 BcP 33° 30' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33° 00' Figure 15. Quadrats of 1 sq n ml containing algae stailons wlth ~ 5 species from dredge collections (complied from Schneider 1975). 111 Table 12. List of hard bottom seaweed indicator species common in the South Atlantic Bight. CHLOROPHYTA ---Codium carolinianum Codium isthmocladum PHAEOPHYTA Sargassum fili.pendula Lobophora variegata Spatoglossum schroederi Padina profunda Zonaria tournefortii Dictyopteris hoyti RHODOPHYTA Botryocladia occidentalis Halymenia floridana Halymenia agardhii Plocamium basilianum Champia parvula Rhodymenia pseudopalmata 112 however, 1>Je did not apply it to the test area data. Quantity of algae rather than species composition may be a better measure of the type of bottom covered during most of a dredge or trawl. Unfortunately, as with other types of data, there are fe"' independent estimates of quantity that are coupled with amount or quality of habitat. Thus, there are no standards against which to compare indirect method catch quantities. CONCLUSIONS As determined from the user survey management and research agencies in the SAB are interested in the resources of offshore hard bottom habitats. They have expressed a need for a data base relevant to specific habitats, especially hard bottoms, that is compiled by, managed by, and available from one organization. Centralization, organization, and standardization of the immense volume of historical SAB offshore data, incorporating compatibility with future data, are large but feasible projects. Somewhat more difficult is the task of defining habitat composition from various data in a 1>Jay meaningful to research and management. A flow diagram (Figure 16) of the decision and data reduction process summarizes important aspects of the task. We conclude that habitat definitions and habitat related data can be obtained economically and with reasonable accuracy. Geophysical profiling coupled with direct observation, analysis of fish catches from trawls and algae analyses are useful techniques for determining bottom composition, and they are the methods best represented in the large historical data bases. Although refinements of our methods for analyzing fish tra>Il data are desirable, we consider them adequate for preliminary estimations of bottom type. Habitat definition analyses using other biological data may DEFINING HABITATS Using /~ HISTORICAL DATA FUTURE DATA Original Primary! Purpose Primaryt Purpose \ I \ HabitatI Related Other Habitat Related Other Emphasize direct DepenJing on Use dirtct and/or Algo!ithm, observation and data, apply nondestructive if appropriate nondestructive algorithm methods (sub, methods to define SCUBA, seismic, reefs and, side-scan) \ I Data Files (Storage/Analyses) Variable Printed1 Output Charts Figure 16. Flow diagram of data reduction and decision processes for defining habitat from historical and future data. 114 be less useful and will require additional treatment to develop habitat relevant criteria, especially for invertebrates& Onslow Bay may exhibit different geological and biological characteristics than the rest of the SAB, and this must be considered before applying our analyses to the whole area. This report is not a manual of how to evaluate, analyze, or record SAB data, although these results may influence such a manual if developed. Our treatment of SAB data and analysis techniques represent an initial approach from which may evolve a SEAMAP habitat related data system. 115 RECOMMENDATIONS I. Adopt NODC species codes (NODC 1984) for all SEAMAP use and encourage other agencies in the area to do likewise. Old data are easily converted electronically. Standardization crite.ria for other variables (depth, dates, etc.) should be established by SEAMAP. II. SEAMAP should appoint a technical subcommittee having area wide familiarity with trawl and other gear catches from hard and soft bottoms. The committee should develop a hard and a soft bottom set of stations valid for a larger area and greater depth, method, and season ranges than possible in the test case. Then more accurate discriminant functions can be developed for application to data from the whole area. This may be a long-term goal and in the interim the analyses developed here can be applied with qualifications that they are being used outside their original context. III. When a SEAMAP data system is operational, it should attempt to incorporate all major SAB historical data, including data from all MARMAP, MMS, NMFS, etc. programs. These should be transposed into a single consistent system and updated annually. Non-computerized data should not be accepted. IV. If SEAMA.P's objective is to initiate a new field oriented program to identify and quantify bottom habitat, we recommend using direct observations and high resolution geophysical techniques like side-scan sonar and 3.5 kHz subbottom profiling. V. Regardless of Recommendation IV, much valuable historical data exists which, if analyzed for habitat composition, could help guide future management and research efforts. We believe it is feasible and useful to evaluate all the major data bases of the SAB as done 116 here for a test area and to store and map the results as hard or soft bottom. This initial step is more cost effective and timely than collecting new data. Much of the relevant geophysical data in the SAB have been analyzed for hard bottoms (D.L. Mearns, pers. comm.) but some may require remapping. Geophysical data are being collected by several researchers in the SAB and these data bases should be given high priority for bottom type evaluations. Since historical biological data have been seldom used to identify bottom type, these data should also receive high priority. VI. Data from transects (e.g. trawls) should include as a minimum starting and ending locations to the nearest minute. Ideally, for transects longer than 30 min (time), location should he recorded every 15 min and at any change in course. In addition, a fathometer tracing should be recorded during the transect with the beginning, end, and other significant features marked on it. Each tracing should be stored with its corresponding station data sheet. This would allow further evaluation of the transect's bottom features independent of the catch data. VII. Careful on-site examination of catches from indirect gears (trawls, dredges) should include notations of the amount and general type of non-biological material. Samples of rocks, sediments, and/ or corals should be saved for expert evaluations if necessary. Damage to gear should be noted. Codes for these observations should be developed. VIII. The importance of program narratives for providing details not apparent on digitized data was emphasized throughout this report. All agencies contributing data for analysis or storage by SEAMAP should include detailed narratives of the field and computer 117 components of the data. These should include such specifics as computer codes for variables, limitations to biological data (e.g., when and if species lists are incomplete), measurement methods and precision for variables (e.g., location was recorded from Loran C to the nearest 0.1 microsecond), and indications where data conversions were made. Lists of publications based on the data should also be included. We suggest that SEM'lAP also develop its own narratives relevant to the data it collects or stores to be supplied with any data requests. IX. The area subcommittee suggested in Recommendation II should refine the R-M.-R reef fish list (Table 1,), which would include. adding other known reef species and resolving the habitat affinity of such fishes as Stenotomus spp. X. Area wide algae and reef invertebrate lists should also be developed. Pelagic invertebrates should be listed separately. Resolving invertebrate problems identified in this report may require a separate subcommittee of specialists. XI. In future bottom classification efforts one square nautical mile blocks should be named. Blocks having multiple data sets and methods should be analyzed for consistency of habitat classification. Non-reef blocks should be included in analyses and mapping. XII. Our final recommendation is that SEAMAP, perhaps through the Bottom Mapping Work Group, prioritize these and other recommendations in this report to make them compatible with constraints of budget and operational goals. A logical plan of execution can then be suggested. 118 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Because of the large geographic area covered and large data bases accessed many people contributed to this project. She ryan P. Epperly gave extensive assistance by developing the fish trawl data analyses. David L. Mearns provided much material from his Master's Thesis and was generously available for advice. Various members of SEAMAP and its Bottom Mapping Work Group assisted during the project: C.A. Barans, P.J. Eldridge, V.J. Henry, R.O. Parker, Jr., F.C. Rohde, and R.F. Van Dolah. Computer assistance was supplied by J. Burnett, M.J. Clise, S.P. Epperly, C.vl. Krause, Jr., D. Mahowski, R. Minckler, A. Schmidt, and G.R. Sedberry. We thank C.W. Schneider for providing data and answering questions on his North Carolina algae research, A.C. Hine for geological assistance, J. Dodrill for mapping, G.C. Miller for information on fish trawl analyses, W.W. Kirby-Smith for assistance with ELM data and the invertebrate indicator list, and J. Hardy for supplying NODC codes and information. M. W. Street assisted with administration of the project. We thank Helen Nearing for typing numerous drafts and Henry and Val Page for graphic/ photographic work. 119 LITERATURE CITED Barans, C.A. and V.J. Henry, Jr. 1984. A description of the shelf edge groundfish habitat along the southeastern United States. Northeast Gulf Sci. 7(1):77-96. Clifford, P.J., F.R. Germain and R.L. Caron. 1979. A totally new approach to seafloor mapping: Offshore Tech. Con£., Houston, TX, OTC-3548:1681-1684. Coleman, J.M. and D.B. Prior. 1981. Construction of side-scan mosaics. In High resolution seismic profiling and side scan sonar -short course notes, p. 259-266. U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Marine Geology, Corpus Christi, TX. Duke University Mari.ne Laboratory. 1982. An investigation of live-bottom habitats off North Carolina, Vol. II, South Atlantic OCS Area Living Marine Resources Study, Year II. Report to Minerals Management Service under Contract AA551- CT1-l8. Beaufort, NC, 143 p. Flemming, B.W. 1976. Side-scan sonar: a practical guide. Int. Hydrogr. Rev. 53(1) :65-92. Grimes, C.B., C.S. i!anooch and G.R. Huntsman. 1982. Reef and rock outcropping fishes of the outer continental shelf of North Carolina and South Carolina, and ecological notes on the red porgy and vermillion snapper. Bull. i!ar. Sci. 32(1) :277-289. 120 Henry, V.J., Jr. and R.T. Giles. 1980. Distribution and occurrence of reefs and hardgrounds in the Georgia Bight. In P. Popenoe (editor), Final Report- Environmental Studies, Southeastern U.S. Atlantic OCS, 1977-Geology, p. 8.1-8.36. U.S. Geol. Survey Open-File Report 80-146. Henry, V.J., Jr., C.J. McCreery, F. D. Foley and D.R. Kendall. 1983. Ocean bottom survey of the U.S. South Atlantic OCS region. Final Report to the U.S. Gaol. Survey, Woods Hole, ~!A, 99 p. Huntsman, G.R. and I.G. Macintyre. 1971. Tropical coral patches in Onslow Bay. Underwater Naturalist 7(2):32-34. Matteucci, T.D. 1984. High-resolution seismic stratigraphy of the North Carolina continental margin- the Cape Fear region: Sea level cyclicity, paleobathymetry, and Gulf Stream dynamics. M.S. Thesis. Univ. of South Florida, St. Petersburg, 151 p. Mearns, D. L. 1986. Continental shelf hardbottoms in Onslow Bay, North Carolina: Their distribution, geology, biological erosion and response to Hurricane Diana, Sept. 11-13, 1984. M.S. Thesis. Univ. of South Florida, St. Petersburg, 133 p. Miller, G.C. and W.J. Richards. 1980. Reef fish habitat, faunal assemblages, and factors determining distributions in the South Atlantic Bight. Proc. Gulf Caribb. Fish. Inst. 32:114-130. 121 National Oceanographic Data Center. 198<\. Taxonomic code, Vol. 1:Numerical (code order) listing, 4th Ed. U.S. Dep. Commer. NOAA Key to Oceanographic Records Documentation No. 15, 364 p. Parker, R.O., Jr. and S.W. Ross. 1986. Observing reef fishes from submersibles off North Carolina. Northeast Gulf Sci. 8(1):31-49. Parker, R.O., Jr., D.R. Colby and T.D. Willis. 1983. Estimated amount of reef habitat on a portion of the U.S. South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Continental Shelf. Bull. Mar. Sci. 33(4):935-940. SAS Institute Inc. 1985. SAS/STATTM Guide for personal computers, Version 6 Ed. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc., 378 p. Schneider, C.W. 1975. Spatial and temporal distributions of benthic marine algae on the continental shelf of the Carolinas. Ph.D. Dissertation. Duke University, Durham, NC, 196 p. Schneider, C.W. 1976. Spatial and temporal distributions of benthic marine algae on the continental shelf of the Carolinas. Bull. Mar. Sci. 26(2): 133-151. Schneider, C.W. and R.B. Searles. 1979. Standing crop of benthic seaweeds on the Carolina continental shelf. Proc. Int. Seaweed Symp. 9:293-301. 122 Smith, G.B. 1976. Ecology and distribution of eastern Gulf of Nexico reef fishes. Florida Dep. Nat. Resources, Harine Research Lab., Florida Harine Research Publ. No. 19, 79 p. Snedecor, G.W. and W.G. Cochran. 1967. Statistical methods, 6th Ed. Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, IA, 593 p. Snyder, S.W.P. 1982. Seismic stratigraphy within the Hiocene Carolina phosphogenic province: chronostratigraphy, paleo-topographic controls, sea-level cyclicity, Gulf Stream dynamics and the resulting depositional framework. H.S. Thesis. Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 183 p. Starck, W.A. 1968. A list of fishes of Alligator Reef, Florida with comments on the nature of the Florida reef fish fauna. Undersea Biol. 1(1):5-40. Wenner, C.A. 1983. Species associations and day-night variability of trawl caught fish from the inshore sponge-coral habitat, South Atlantic Bight. Fish. Bull. 81(3):537-552. Wenner, E.L., D.H. Knott, R.F. Van Dolah and V.G. Burrell, Jr. 1983. Invertebrate communities associated with hard bottom habitats in the South Atlantic Bight. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci. 17:143-158. Wenner, E.L., P. Hinde, D.M. Knott and R.F. Van Dolah. 1984. A temporal and spatial study of invertebrate communities associated with hard-bottom habitats in the South Atlantic Bight. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NHFS 18, 101,. p. Appendix A. Distribution list for the SEAMAP hard bottom mapping activity user needs survey. Acting Director Col. Daniel Christman, Dist. Gulf and South Atlantic Fisheries Engineer Development Foundation, Inc. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 5401 West Kennedy Blvd. Savannah District Lincoln Center, Suite 669 P.O. Box 889 Tampa, FL 33609 Savannah, GA 31402 Ms. Chrys Bagett Dr. B.J. Copeland, Director State Clearing House UNC Sea Grant College Program Department of Administration Box 8605 116 West Jones Street N.C. State University Raleigh, NC 27601 Raleigh, NC 27650-8605 Mr. Charles Barans Dr. Ford A. Cross 1 Acting Di r. 8 . C. W i I d I i f e and Mar i n e NMFS Beaufort Laboratory Resources Department Pivers Island Marine Res. Research lnsti tute Beaufort, NC 28516-9722 P.O. Box 12559 Charleston, SC 29412 Ms. Margaret A. Davidson, Dir. Sea Grant Consortium Mr. Wayne Beam, Exec. Director 221 Fort Johnson Road South Caro I ina Coast a I Counc i I Charleston, SC 29412 1116 Bankers Trust Tower Columbia, SC 29201 Mr. J. Connor Davis, Director Florida Marine Fisheries Comm. Mr. Richard J. Berry, Director 211 Montgomery Blvd. NMFS Southeast Fisheries Center 2562 Exec. Center, Circle East 75 Virginia Beach Drive Ta I I ahassee, FL 3230 I Miami, FL 33149 Dr. Nancy Faster, Chief Mr. Bradford Brown, Acting Dir. Sanctuary Programs Division NMFS Miami Laboratory NOAA Office of Ocean & Coastal 75 Virginia Beach Drive Resources Management Miami, FL 33149 3300 Whitehaven Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20235 Dr. James C. Cato, Director SUS Sea Grant College Mr. David H.G. Gould, Exec. Dlr. Bldg. 803 So. At I. Fish. Mgmt.. Counci I University of Florida Southpark Building, Suite 306 Gainesville, FL 32611 One Southpark Circle Charleston, SC 29407-4699 Dr. Edward Chin, Director Sea Grant Program The Honorable Bob Graham, University of Georgia Governor of Florida Ecology Bui I ding Governor's Office Athens, GA 30602 The Capitol Tallahassee, FL 32301 Appendix A. Mr Ken Haddad Mr. Alan Klimek Florida Dept. of Nat. Resources NC Div. of Envi. Management Marine Research Laboratory Water Quality Planning Branch 100 Eighth Ave. S.E. P. 0. Box 27687 St. Petersburg, FL 33701 Raleigh, NC 27611 Colonel Wayne Hanson, Dist. Eng. Mr. Jim Lanier, Director U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, N.C. Marine Resources Center Wilmington District Fort Fisher P.O. Box 1890 Kure Beach1 NC 28449 Wi lmingtonl NC 28402-1890 Mr. Pau I Leach Mr. Duane Harris, Director Fisheries Management Division Coastal Resources Division Southeast Region, NMFS, NOAA Georgia Dept. of Nat. Resources 9450 Koger Blvd. 1200 Glynn Avenue St. Petersburg, FL 33702 Brunswick, GA 31520 Mr. Leonard Ledbetter, Comm. The Honorable Joe Frank Harris, Georgia Dept. of Nat. Resources Governor of Georgia 270 Washington St. S.W. Governor's Office Atlanta, GA 30334 8 t ate Cap i to I , Room 2 0 3 Atlanta, GA 30334 Mr. Wi II iam G. Lyons Florida Dept. of Nat. Resources Dr. James Henry Marine Research Laboratory Georgia State University tOO Eighth Ave., S.E. Department of Geology St. Petersburg, FL 33701 University Plaza Atlanta, GA 30303 Mr. Robert K. Mahood, Dir. NC Division of Marine Fisheries Mr. Richard C. Hennemuth, Dir. Dept. of Natural Resources and NMFS Woods Hole laboratory Comm. Deve I., P. 0. Box 769 Woods Hole, MA 02543 Morehead City, NC 28557 Ms. Libby Herland Mr. David L. Mearns U.S. Dept. Interior Department of Marine Science Minerals Management Service USF at St. Petersburg Atlantic OCS Region 140 Seventh Ave. South 1951 Kidwell Drive, Suite 601 St. Petersburg, FL 33701 Vienna, VA 22180 The Honorable James G. Martin Mr. Edwin A. Joyce, Director Governor of North Carol ina Division of Marine Resources Governor's Office, Admin. Bldg. Florida Dept. of Nat. Resources 116 W. Jones Street 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard Raleigh, NC 27611 Ta I I ahassee, FL 32303 A-2 Appendix A. Dr. Wi I I i am McLenore Mr. JamesW. Pulliam, Jr.~ Geologic Survey Branch Regional Director 19 Martin Luther King, Jr. Dr. U.S. Fish and Wi I d. Service, Atlanta, GA 30334 Region IV Richard B. Russel I Fed. Bldg. Dr. John Merriner 75 Spring St., SW, Room 1200 NMFS Beaufort Laboratory Atlanta, GA 30303 Pivers Island Beaufort, NC 28516-9722 Mr. David Owens~ Director Office of Coastal Management Dr. Robert Middleton P.O. Box 27687 U.S. Dept. Interior Raleigh, NC 27611 Minerals Management Service Atlantic OCS Region Mr. Jack Ravan 1951 Kidwell Drive, Suite 601 Environmental Protection Vienna, VA 22180 Agency, Region IV 345 Courtland St., NW Ms. Donna D. Moffit Atlanta, GA 30365 N.C. Dept. of Administration Office of Marine Affairs The Honorab I e Richard W. R i 1 ey 417 N. Blount Street Governor of South Carol ina Raleigh, NC 27601 Governor's Off., P.O. Box 11450 Columbia, SC 29211 Col. Charles T. Myers, I I I, District Engineer Mr. Fred Rohde U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, NC Division of Marine Fisheries Jacksonville District 7225 Wrightsvi lie Avenue P.O. Box 4970 Wilmington, NC 28405 Jaeksonv iII e, Fl 32232 Dr. Paul A. Sandifer, Dir. Mr. Eugene L. Nakamura, Oir. Division of Marine Resources NMFS Panama City Laboratory S.C. WI I d I i f e and Mar in e 3500 Delwood Beach Road Resources Department Panama City, FL 32407 P.O. Box 12559 Charleston, SC 29412 Mr. Richard 0. Parker, Jr. NOAA, NMFS Mr. Harry L Seagran, Dir. Beaufort laboratory NMFS Charleston Laboratory Pivers Island P.O. Box 12607 Beaufort, NC 28516-9722 Charleston, SC 29412 Mr. Allen E. Peterson, Jr. Dir. Mr. Wilber R. Seidel, Chief NMFS Northeast Fisheries Center NMFS Pa.scagou I a Faa iIi ty Woods Hole, MA 02543 3209 Frederick Street Pascagoula, MS 39567 A-3 Appendix A. L t . Co I . F . Lee Sm i t h , Dist. Engineer U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Charleston District P.O. Box 919 Charleston, SC 29402 0 r . Ned Sm i t h , D i rector N.C. Marine Resources Center Bogue Banks Atlantic Beach, NC 28512 Dr. Robert F. Van Dolah S.C. Wildlife and Marine Resources Department Marine Res. Research Institute P.O. Box 12559 Charleston, SC 29412 Mr. Bruce Weetman, Reg. Dir. Atlantic OCS Region: Minerals Management Service 1951 Kidwell Drive Suite 601 Vienna, VA 22180 Mr. Rhett White, Director N.C. Marine Resources Center Roanoke Island P.O. Box 967 Manteo, NC 27954 Mr. Stu Wi lk, Director NMFS Sandy Hook Laboratory P.O. Box 428 Highlands, NJ 07732 Mr. David Worley, Administrator Office of Coastal Management Twin Towers Office Building 2600 Blair Stone Road Tallahassee, FL 32301 A-4 Appendix B. List of agencies and codes used in compilation of survey results~ including names of respondents. Contractually required contacts are under! !ned;. 11 PNTC" indicates the "prefers not to complete 11 box was checked; and parentheses around three of the NMFS laboratory names indicate that their respective Fisheries Centers responded for them. Agencv Code Agencv/Group Represented Respondent BottMapWG-B SEAMAP-SA Bottom Mapping Work Charles Barans, Group SC Mar. Res. BottMapWG-R SEAMAP-SA Bottom Mapping Work Fred C. Rohde, Group NC Mar . F i s h. EPA Environmental Protection Reginald Rogers Agency Region IV FL-BurMarRes FL Bureau of Marine Research J. Alan Huff "' Fl-EnviReg FL Dept. of Envi. Reg. Lynn Griffin Office of Coast. Management Fl-MarFishComm FL Marine Fisheries Comm. J. Connor Davis FL-Pianning FL Exec. Office of Governor/ Pau I Johnson and Office of Planning and Budg. Debby Tucker FL-SeaGrant U. of FL Sea Grant S. Cato GA-CoastRes GA Coastal Resources Division Henry Ansley "' and Duane Harris GA Governor's Office Hon. Joe Frank Harris (letter on I y) GA-GeoiSurvey GA Geologic Survey J e f f r e y K e I I am GA-MarExt-H U. of GA Mar. Ext. Service James L. Harding GA-MarExt-R U. of GA Mar. Ext. Service Mao V. Rawson, Jr. Geologist individual, a U. of South David Mearns Florida geol. grad. student MMS-B Minerals Management Service Colleen Benner MMS-M Minerals Management Service Robert W. Middleton NC-CoastMgmi NC Div. of Coastal Management Douglas N. Rader NC-EnvirMgmt NC Di v. of Env i. Management A I an K I i me k (letter only) NC Governor's Office. (no response received) NC-MarAffairs NC Office of Ma;:__[_11e Affairs Donna Moffitt and James A. Lanier* NC-MarFish NC Div. of Marine Fisheries Michael W. Street NMFS-NEFC NMFS Northeast Fish. Center John B. Pearce !Sandy Hook Laboratory) !Woods Hole Laboratory) NMFS-SEFC NMFS Southeast Fish. Center Richard Berry, Agency Code Agency/Group Represented Respondent NMFS-Beaufort Beaufort Laboratory Ford A. Cross and R. !iiX< Parker, J r . NMFS-Charleston Charleston Laboratory John Babinchak Panama City Laboratory Eugene L. Nakamura - PNTC NMFS-HabCons-C NMFB Habitat Cons. Division, Randal I P. Cheek, Beaufort, NC NMFS-HabCons-K NMFS Habitat Cons. Division, Ed Keppner P a. nama C i t y, F L NOAA-Sane NOAA Sanct. Prag. Division W i I I i am J . ;1; hom as SACounc i I South At I. Fish. Management Gregg Waugh Council SC-CoastCounci SC Coastal Counci I Heyward Robinson SC Governor's Office Patricia L. Jerman (letter only) SC-MarRes SC Marine Res. Division Robert ~:1< Van Dolah SC-SeaGrant SC Sea Grant Consortium Jack Keener SEAMAP-E SEAMAP-SA Coordinator Peter Eldridge, NMFS Charleston Lab. SEAMAP-T SEAMAP-SA Committee Perry Thompson, NMFS Pascagoula Facility, for* Walter Nelson u.s. Arm~ Corps of Eng. Braxton Kyzer - Charleston PNTC USEngineers-Jax u.s. Army Corps 0 f Eng. Gerald L. Atmar Jacksonv iII e USEngineers-Sav u.s. Army Corps of Eng. Tom Yourk Savannah USEng i neers-Wi I U.S. Army Corps of Eng. , Phi I ip M. Payonk Wilmington USF&WS U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service James B. Kirkwood **SEAMAP-SA* Committee. member Bottom Mapping Work Group member B-2 Appendix C. Questions and responses from the SEAMAP-SA Hard Bottom Mapping Project user needs survey of November 1985. Agency codes (Appendix 8) indicate respondents' choices. QUESTION 1. Please check the area of interest for bottom feature information desired by your agency. If you wish to indicate priorities, you may rank your choices by using tl for high priority, M for medium priority, and~ for low priorjty. The entire South Atlantic Bight The ocean bordering your own state Limited to three mi I es of coast Extending to 200 miles offshore One or a few specific reef sites. Please name the site(s). Other. Please specify. Priority Priority Assigned Unassigned High Medium Low The entire South Atlantic Bight NMFS-Beaufort FL-SeaGrant NC-MarFish BottMapWG-R USEngineers-Wi FL-BurMa.rRes SC-MarRes USEngi .-Sav USEngineers-Jax SEAMAP-T GA-CoastRes SACounc i I MMS-B GA-Geo!Survey NMFSHabCons-C MMS-M GA-MarExt-H EPA SEAMAP-E GA-MarExt-R Bot tMapWG-B NMFS-SEFC USF&WS FL-EnviReg SC-SeaGrant FL-Pianning NOAA-Sane Geologist (to 75 ml or shelf edge) The ocean bordering your own state NC-CoastMgmt NC-MarFish NMFS-Charleston NOAA-Sane SC-CoastCounci Bot tMapWG-R USEngineers-Y SC-MarRes FL-MarFishComm GA-CoastRes FL-EnviReg GA-GeoiSurvey FL-Pianning GA-MarExt-H GAMarExt-R FLSeaGrant GeoiGradStudent NMFS-NEFC SC-SeaGrant Appendix C. Priority Priority Assigned Unassigned High Medium Low Limited to three miles of coast SC-CoastCounci I NC-MarFish NOAA-Sane FL-MarFishComm NC-CoastMgmt Bot tMapWG-·R GA-GeoiSurv FL-Sea.Grant NMFS-HabCons-K FL-EnviReg FL-Pianning Extending to 200 miles offshore USEngineers-Wi NC-MarFish NC-CoastMgmt NOAA-Sane GA-MarExt-R SC-SeaGrant Bot tMapWG-R GA-MarExt-H FL-BurMarRes GA-GeoiSurvey SC-CoastCounci NMFS-HabCons-K FL-EnviReg SC-MarRes NMFS-NEFC FL-Pianning FL-MarFishComm MMS-B NMFS-Charleston FL-SeaGrant (to ? mi I es GA-CoastRes offshore) GeoiGradStudent USF&W NC-MarAffairs (but a minimum of 12 miles off shore) One or a few soecific reef sites. Please name the site(s). Agency Comment NC-MarAffairs Big Rock/Ten Fathom Ledge GA-CoastRes Lease Blocks 298, 342-344, 387-388; potential titanium mining sites east of St. Simons Island, Georgia (20-20 nm) (high priority) USF&WS AI I that may be impacted by OCS development. NMFS-NEFC "Seamounts" it"! Gulf of Maine, Rhode Island Sd, etc. FL-EnviReg Ocu I ina reef banks a I ong F I a. East Coast. FL-Pianning Oculina and pinnacle reefs offshore, worm reefs nearshore. NOAA-Sane Gray;s Reef National Marine Sanctuary. (high priority) Geologist (unspecified site> ( I ow p r i or i t y ) C-2 Appendix C. (Continued) Agency Comment Other. Please specify. NC-CoastMgmt Mapping of the entire shelf would be extremely usefu I in permit decisions and federal consistency determinations. NMFS-Charleston Florida keys. (medium priority) USEngineers-Sav Area In proximity to dredged material disposal areas Brunswick, Savannah. GA-CoastRes Reef areas in offshore waters of bordering states and immediately adjacent to Georgia waters; 10 fm curve; 1'Snapper Banks'' depth contour (15-25 fms). (high priority) GA-GeoiSurvey Any outcrops which might relate to onshore aquifers or phosphorite/heavy mineral bearing zones. Chigh priority) SEAMAP-T South Atlantic Bight out to the U.S. Fishery Conservation Zone. (High priority) NC-Env i rMgmt associated with the location of any future ocean discharges. At the present time we have no such discharges. However, if they were permitted in the futuret we would need to locate sensitive or unique areas that should be avoided and/or protected from the construction and operation of these outfalls. NOAA-Sane Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary USEngineers-·Jax Extet"'ding 20 miles offshore artificial reefs or fish havens are also of interest. FL-EnviReg Slape edge features QUESTION 2. In compilations of general data, how should data be summarized? Over a whole state Over a sma I I er area By biological community By geology By bat tom prof i I e (reI i ef and features) Other. Please state. Over a whole state - 14 responses FL-SeaGrant (medium priority> NMFS-Beaufort GA-CoastRes (medium priority) NMFS-HabCons-C GA-GeoiSurvey NMFS-NEFC !medium priority) C-3 Appendix C. (Continued) GA-MarExt-H NMFS-SEFC (medium priority) GA-MarExt-R SC-Coas tCounc i I MMB-M !medium priority) USEngineers-Sav NC-MarFish USEngineers-Jax Over a smaller area - 13 responses GA-CoastRes (high priority) NMFS-NEFC (high priority) USEngineers-Jax SC-CoastCounci I NC-CoastRes SC-MarRes NC-MarFish SC-SeaGrant SEAMAP-E NOAA-Sane MMB-M ( I ow p r i or i t y) USEngineers-Wi NMFS-Charleston By biological community- 20 responses BottMapWG-B NMFS-HabCons-C Bot tMapWG-R NMFS-HabCot>s-K FL-MarFishComm NMFS-SEFC (medium priority) FL-BurMarFish (high priority) SACounc i I GA-CoastRes (high priority) SC-CoastCounci GA-GeoiSurv SC-MarRes MMS-M (high priority> SEAMAP-E NC-Coa.stMgmt SEAMAP-T (high priority) NC-MarFish USF&W NOAA-SANC USEngineers-Jax By geology - 10 responses GA-CoastRes By bot tom prof i I e Ire I i ef and features) - 22 responses NMFS-Beaufort GA-CoastRes (medium priority) USEngineers-Jax FL-SeaGrant lhigh priority) NC-MarFish FL-MarFishComm NC-MarAf fairs FL-BurMarRes (high priority) NC-CoastMgmt NOAA-Sane SC-MarRes NMFS-HabCons-C NMFS-Charleston USF&W SEAMAP-E MMS-M (medium priority) SC-SeaGrant SEAMAP-T !high priority> GA-GeoiSurvey MMS-B USEngineers-Sav NMFS-SEFC (AND AREA COVERED> C-4 (high priority> Appendix C. Other. Please state. NMFS-Beaufort And depth USEngineers-Wi Within a regional grouping subcategories, by biological communities, geology and bottom profile NC-MarFish The system should be able to generate summaries by alI of the parameters. NC-CoastMgmt General data is fess useful to us than speci fie site mapping. Geologist A combination of above. tst by water body - geographical locatio11 (i.e. Onslow Bay, Long Bay) then by smaller areas. Since the geology appears to control distribution of the biological community both types of information can be i nco r p or ate d . I n c I u d I n g bot tom pro f i I e is more problematical. NMFS-SEFC Estimates of primary productivity and net p r o d u c t i v i t y by b i o I o g i o a I co mmu n i t y a n d s i t e . MMS-M Depth strata (high priority) MMS-B Water depth SC-SeaGrant Coupled with Loran SEAMAP-T Over the whole South Atlantic Bight lhigh priority) FL-EnviReg Biology, geology and bottom profile should correlate FL-Pianning Survey shou I d de I i neate between ive versus hard bottom areas. C-5 Appendix C. QUESTION 3. Please check the types of hard bottom information needed by your agency, writing your check mark in the column that best fits each need. Listing of reefs Areal extent of hard bottoms Characteristics of specific reef areas. If so, which sets of descriptors are of interest? B I o I o g i c a I co mmu n i t i e s Geological features Topographical Bottom prof i I e Rei ief Oi st i net i ve features Location Depth Extent of resources associated with given reefs Non-biological resources Biological resources Categories of user groups currently using hard bottom resources Names of institutions or individuals who have information on specific sites Other. Please specify. C-6 Appendix C. List Areal Biolog. Geolog. Topogr. Bottom of Reefs Extent Charaat. Charact. Charact. Charaat. Profile Rei ief Agency JiM .b. liM .b. liM .b. JiM .b. liM .b. liM .b. JiM .b. .tiM .b. BottMapWG-B X X X X X X X X Bot tMapWG-R X X X X X X X X EPA X X X X X FL-BurMarFish X X X FL-EnviReg X X X X X X X X FL-MarFishComm X X X X X FL-Planning X X X X X X X •· Fl-Sea.Grant X X X X GA-CoastRes X X X X X X X X GA-GeoiSurvey X X X X X X X X GA-MarExt-H X X X X X X X X GA-MarExt-R X X X X X X X X Geologist X X X X X X X X MMS-B X X X X X X X X MMS-M X X X X X X X NC-CoastMgmt X X X X X X X X 0 NC-MarAffairs X X X X X X X X I NC-MarFish X X X X X X X X " NMFS-Beaufort X X X X X X X X NMFS-Charleston X X X X X X X X NMFS-HabCons-C X X X X X X X NMFS-HabCons-K X X X X X X X X NMFS-NEFC X X X X X X X NMFS-SEFC X X X X X X X NOAA-Sane X X • X X X X X SACounci I X X X X X X X X SC-CoastCounci X X X X X X X X SC-MarRes X X X X X X X SC-SeaGrant X X X X X X X SEAMAP-E X X X X X X SEAMAP-T X X X X X X X X USEngineers-Jax X X X X X X X USEngineers-Sav X X X X X X X X USEng i nee r s-Wi ! X X X X USF&WS X X X X X X X X TOTALS* 78 97 80 97 70 74 7 1 77 ~Totals are weighted by priority: High= 3, Medium= 2, and low= 1. Appendix C. Distinc. Ext. of Non-bio. Biolog. User Data Features Location Depth Resour. Res our. Resour. Groups Sources Agency JiM .b. .!iM.b. .!iM.b. .!i M .b. .!iM.b. .!iM.b. .!iM.b. .!iM.b. BottMapWG-8 X X X X X X X X BottMapWG-R X X X X X X X EPA X X X X FL-BurMarFish X X X X X FL-EnviReg X X X X X X X X FL-MarFishComm X X X X X X FL-Pianning X X X X X X X X FL-SeaGrant X X X X GA-CoastRes X X X X X X X X GA-GeoiSurvey X X X X X X X X GA-MarExt-H X X X X X X X X GA-MarExt-R X X X X X X X X Geologist X X X X X X X X MMS-B X X X X X X X X MMS-M X X X X X X X X NC-CoastMgmt X X X X X X X X o NC-MarAffairs X X X X X X X X I NC-MarFish X X X X X X X X "" NMFS-Beaufort X X X X X X X NMFS-Charleston X X X X X X X NMFS-HabCons-C X X X X X X X NMFS-HabCons-K X X X X X X X X NMFS-NEFC X X X X X X NMFS-SEFC X X X X X X X X NOAA-Sane X X X X X X X X SACounci I X X X X X X X X SC-CoastCounci X X X X X X X X SC-MarRes X X X X X X SC-SeaGrant X X X X X X X X SEAMAP-E X X X X X X X SEAMAP-T X X X X X X X X USEngineers-Jax X X X X X X X USEngineers-Sav X X X X X X X X USEngineers-Wi I X X X X X X X USF&WS X X X X X X X TOTALS"' 64 100 93 64 68 95 63 75 "'Totals are weighted by priority: High= 3, Medium= 2, and Low= 1. Appendix C. (Continued) Other. Please specify. Agency Comment EPA Non-energy extraction of minerals. FL-EnviReg Current info if SEAMAP is gathering. FL-MarFishComm Our primary interests would be (f) extent and locations hardbottom communities (2) productivity of various fish stocks by community (3) standing stock by species for major food and sport species. FL-Pianning Hard/live bottom dependent fisheries NC-MarAf fairs AI I above are necessary in developing comprehensive pol lcies and plans. NMFS-SEFC Measures of primary and net productivity and cur r en t f I ow. QUESTION 4. For each of the following kinds of information in which you have an interest, please state the level of detaii or precision required to serve the purposes of your agency. For example, for your purposes the required precision of location might be to the nearest minutes of degrees fatitude and longitude. Location Depth Hard bottom characteristics. For example, for biological descriptions~ do you require that flora and fauna be identified to species level? - Biological - Geological - Topographical Others Agency Response Location BottMapWG-B Nearest minute of degree latitude and longitude BottMapWG-R To nearest minutes EPA latitude and longitude to nearest degree FL-BurMarFish For SA Bight - Tenth of degrees FL-EnviReg Wi I I take anything, but wou I d I ike information to be fairly exact/ at least to hundreds of feet FL-Pianning 1,000 feet FL-SeaGrant Minutes of degrees C-9 Appendix C. Agency Response GA-CoastRes LORAN C- tenth/microsecond GA-GeoiSurvey Degree, Minute, Second~ or LORAN coordinates GA-MarExt-H Lat/Long and ''C 11 coordinates GA-MarExt-R Latitude/Longitude and/or LORAN C coordinates Geologist 50-200 m accuracy MMS-B Nearest minutes of degrees of latitude and longitude. MMS-M More precise the better NC-CoastMgmt As exact as possible -- hundreds of meters? NC-MarAffairs 1/4 second or LORAN readings NC-MarFish LORAN C; latitude and longitude to second NMFS-Beaufort Loran C NMFS-Charleston Minutes of degrees lat and long. NMFS-HabCons-C Corresponding to OCS lease tracts, loran C NMFS-HabCons-K Longitude and latitude to seconds NMFS-NEFC As accurate as possible using Loran ''C'', etc. NMFS-SEFC Exact NOAA-Sane Nearest minutes of degrees lat. and longitude SACounci I Latitude and longitude to the nearest degree SC-MarRes latitude and longitude to the nearest 0.1 minute. Obviously, many sites encompass large areas. In these situations, boundary coordinates would be preferred if known or a central coordinate If accurate boundary data is not available. SC-SeaGrant Loran Lop's SEAMAP-E Minute SEAMAP-T Nearest second of a minute of a degrees latitude and I ong i tude. USEnglneers-Jax Seconds of degrees USEngineers-Sav Exact as possible USEng i neers-Wi I Lat xxo xx.x' N, Long xxxo xx.x' W. USF&WS Minutes of degrees latitude Depth BottMapWG-B Nearest meter BottMapWG-R To nearest meter EPA Nearest ft FL-BurMarFish Meter FL-EnviReg Exact, at least to 10's of feet, preferably itO' resolution FL-Pianning 0. 1 meters FL-SeaGra.nt Fathoms GA-CoastRes Feet, half meters; fathoms in deeper situations GA-GeoiSurvey 1'Reasonable'' accuracy GA-MarExt-H Nearest ft GA-MarExt-R Nearest ft C-10 Appe11dix C. Agency Response Geologist 1-2 m MMS-B Meters MMS-M Nearest meter NC-CoastMgmt As exact as possible --meters? NC-MarAffairs In feet or meters NC-MarFish ± one meter NMFS-Beaufort Nearest meter NMFS-Charleston Meter NMFS-HabCons-C Nearest meter NMFS-HabCo11s-K Meters NMFS-NEFC Meter of depth NMFS-SEFC Exact NOAA-Sane Nearest meter SACounci I Meters SC-MarRes To nearest meter if known or at least to the nearest 10m increment SC--SeaGran t Within 5-10 Feet/2-3 Meters 11 Fathom SEAMAP-E Meter SEAMAP-T Nearest meter. USEngineers-Ja.x Tenths of feet referred to a datum USEngineers-Sav Exact as possible USF&WS Meter Hard bottom characteristics- biological BottMapWG-B Fish to a species I eve I; invertebrates to a higher level BottMapWG-R Species level for fishes, at least EPA Community type FL-BurMarFish Lowest taxon om i c I eve I s that can e as i I y be accomplished for the purposes of esta.bl ishing bio. community type FL-EnviReg Preferably to species, but community structure is more important. Density, distribution, relative abundance of each species are particularly important. FL-Pianning Structural components (i.e. hard corals and sponges) to the lowest level practical, preferably species. Other associated flora and faun a as a p p I i cab I e f o r de f i rd n g c ommu n I t y structure. FL-SeaGrant Species (fauna) GA-CoastRes Fish to species, along with numbers and stages (i.e., juvenile, adults, etc.). Dominant invertebrate components to species, if p o s s i b i e; other i n vertebrates to I owes t I eve I feasible. GA-GeoiSurvey General e-ll Appendix C. Aqet1cy Response GA-MarExt-H Genus GA-MarExt-R Genus and species of fauna Geologist Species MMS-B Genus, species density MMS-M Very detailed NC-CoastMgmt To genera Hard bottom characteristics - Geologjeal BottMapWG-B Standardized rook size categories for description of habitat/niche complexity BottMapWG-R Types C-12 Appendix C. !Continued) Agency Response FL-BurMarFish Sediment type or substrate characterization FL-EnviReg Sediment composition and thickness, substrate characteristics. Particularly interested in the presence and distribution of surficial I ithotypes Hard bottom characteristics -Topographical Bot tMapWG-B Major features distinguished by lm bathymetric contours BottMapWG-R Relief profile EPA Areal extent, latitude and longitude in degrees FL-BurMarFish Meter C-13 Appendix C. Agency Response FL-EnviReg Seafloor relief, contours and surface features mapped to ~10' interval resolution would be ide a I . FL-Pia.nning R e I i e f to at I e as t 1 meter o on tours . GA-CoastRes Relief in . 1 m or feet. Percentages of bottom types (estimates only>, including non-reef areas, where feasible. Descriptive regarding features. 11 GA-GeoiSurvey General, "typical profile cross sections , and associated bathymetry. GA-MarExt-H General configuration GA-MarExt-R Basic configuration Geologist 1/2 meter MMS-M Nearest 1 I 10 meter NC-CoastMgmt ReI i ef to one meter or better, unusua f features identified NC-MarAffairs Bottom profile and/or 5' contour intervals NC-MarFish R e I i e f • 1 I 2 mete r NMFS-Beaufort R e I I e f to the near e s t meter NMFS-HabCons-C R e I i e f to the n e a res t meter NMFS-NEFC Bathymetry to within 1 meter NOAA-Sane High resolution side-soan sonar data on bottom and sub-bottom profiles SACounc I I General SC-MarRes Rei ief of outcrops (ledges~ pinnacles, etc.> and genera.lbathymet ric prof i I es (if known>. SC-SeaGrant 10 or 20 foot contour intervals. SEAMAP-E Nearest meter SEAMAP-T Broken down into depth contours in meters USEngineers-Jax 1 meter contour intervals USEng i neers-Wi I Identification of features which give support to specific biological structure. USF&WS To meter Others BottMapWG-B Environmental flux-stabi I ity of major parameters such as water temperature; salinity, local currents FL-Pia.nning Correlation to above parameters to establish biollthological zones of similarity. GA-CoastRes Need to include wrecks and artificial reefs encountered, although survey efforts should not be targeted at artificial reefs since much of the locational and descriptive data exists for these sites and can be incorporated. Unknown and undiscovered wrecks should be noted. C-14 Appendix C. Agency Response NC-CoastMgmt Resource exploitation potential NC-MarAffai rs Currentsi temperatures, ~ater quality, turbidity NMFS-SEFC Grams of carbon fixed lm /yr NOAA-Sane Hydrography- water circulation patterns that detai I small-scate events and flow structure; 1 water quality info. detailing tempera.ture , salinity, pH, NH , P0 , chlorophylls, 3 4 pesticides, hydrocarbons, and heavy metals Additional comments Geologist In reference to alI of Question 4) - These are the accuracies we~re achieving at the present t i me . Where perm i s s i b I e we s h o u I d t r y to maintain these levels, if not do better. NC-MarAffairs A I I data co I I eo ted for mapping shou I d adhere to the National Map Accuracy Standards. SC-CoastCounci The South Caro I ina Coast a I Counc i I is the coastal zone management agency for South Carolina. Therefore, any activity within the three mile I imi t, except research by a state institution, requires our permit. Although we ha.ve had no applications during our eight years of permitting authority, if any requests are made, we wi l I need as much specific information as you can provide. QUESTION 5. Of the following observation methods, please check those from which your agency is particularly interested in obtaining hard bottom data. (a) Television (h) Submersible (b) St i I I photo ( I ) Fathometer (c) Trawl (j) High resolution seismic ( d ) Trap ( k ) Side scan sonar < e ) Hook and I i ne ( I ) Specific combinations of ( f ) Rock dredge methods (g) SCUBA ( m) Other C-15 Appendix C. (Continued) •0 w E Ul·- en" 0 OlE -o_.,.. - " .. ~ :;: Q. .X:·-" "' .0 .c. C!Ul -.... ·- 0 0-' -"'" .0 .,.. > ... .c. "'~ "'~ 0 ""o~ 0" ·--·-" ""·- 0 f- Agency Comment Specific combinations. Please state. Geologist AI I of these have been performed in combination NMFS-NEFC Combinations of depth, surface, configuration 1 fauna collected by gear types. SEAMAP-T Side scan sonar and submersible GA-CoastRes Much depends on depth. Fathometeri side scan to TV to SCUBA+ sub observations. Other. Please state. NC-MarAffairs Satellite imagery NC-CoastMgmt Site-specific sampling of organisms-- not dredge or trawl! GA-CoastRes Prefer direct observation. Indirect methods less specific and more damaging, but may be preferable in many cases (i.e., rough seas, poor water visibilities, greater depths, etc.). GA-Geo!Survey ROCK SAMPLES, ie. Hand sample and/or thin sections. Geologist Dr i I 1-core through a hard bot tom - most important for geological control, etc. NMFS-SEFC Any method is suitable provided data are quantitative and confidence intervals are provided. NMFS-NEFC Use of biological settling "plates 11 /discs, etc. MMS-M Community metabolism, resource partitioning NC-MarAffalrs The Global Positioning System IGPS) should be used in all data collection efforts if possible. FI-Pianning T i ma- I a. p sa o f f i s h and other mot i I e c rea t u res . Additional Comments FL-BurMarRes A lot of this BottMapWG-B C-17 Appendix C. QUESTION 6. Please check the form A. GRAPHIC Graphs Maps, charts B. TABULAR C. NARRATIVE Summaries Oetai led reports Descriptive, non-analytical D. COMPUTERIZED DATA Please specify for computerized data: Tape. List type by computer system (e.g., IBM ma i n f r a. me) : Disk. List type by system E. VIDEOTAPES/PHOTOS F. OTHER C-18 Appendix C. (Continued) Comment, if any A. GRAPHIC -On every completed form Graphs - 14 responses EPA FL-EnviReg Depth v. numbers of individual fish species. FL-Pianning Depth vs. community parameters, latitude vs. community parameters GA-CoastRes low priority GA-GeoiSurvey Comparisons of composition at each site examined MMS-M Standard NC-MarFish Numbers and sizes of species of finfish, decapod crustaceans a11d bivalve mollusks relative to depth, latitude, relief; species and associations NMFS-Beo.ufort Depth of hard bottom to number of each fish speciesi rei ief of hard bottom to number of each fish species; by 15m intervals NMFS-Charleston NMFS-NEFC Bottom types, configurations, spp 1 etc. NMFS-SEFC Relative abundance of organisms by taxonomic category NOAA-Sane Species vs. Depth~ species vs. bottom compositiont #species vs. latitude SACounci I Number of commercially or recreationally important species by quantity of reI i ef by a. rea SEAMAP-E Species diversity of major species Maps, charts - 35 responses BottMapWG-B Areal extent of habitat and associated fish commun'ities. Distribution and abundance of groundfish species. BottMapWG-R EPA FL-BurMarFish FL-EnviReg Showing distribution and areal extent of soft v. hard bottoms and distinguishing various hard bottom types and associated communities FL-MarFishComm FL-Pianning Distribution and location of Hard/Live bottom oommun it i es. Commercia 1/Reoreat ion a I fisheries FL-SeaGrant Location and depth Chigh priority) C-19 Appendix C. (Continued) Agency Comment, if a.11y GA-CoastRes Utilizing Henry'"s scheme of classification and biological characteristics (high priority> GA-GeoiSurvey Distribution of hardbottoms, types, detailed maps of specific sites where available. GA-MarExt-H GA-MarExt-R Geologist MMS-B MMS-M NC-CoastMgmt Specific locations of all reef areas, with notations of unique/unusual biological/geological/topographic features. NC-MarAffairs Maps should be prepared in accordance with National Map Accuracy Standards and should be suitable for digitizing. NC-MarFish Distribution of areas, distribution of species (numbers and sizes) NMFS-Beaufort Areal for each strata NMFS-Charleston NMFS-HabCons-C Depicting reef location in relation to the coastline and OCS lease tracts. NMFS-HabCons-K NMFS-NEFC NMFS-SEFC NOAA-Sane Ha.rdbottom distribution; habitat distributioni potential ha.rdbottom areas that are sites for mineral exploration SACounc i I I lustrating distribution of hard bottom over entire area SC-CoastCounci SC-MarRes Charts defining extent and type (relief) of hard bottom; i.e., most areas are represented by patchy hard bottom in the form of discrete outcroppings~ ledges, or hard pan. The location and boundaries of these patches or features would be quite beneficial to fishermen and researchers. Larger scale charts 11:50,000- 1:150,0001 documenting presence or absence of known hard bottom habitat with blocks (1 sq. na.. mi or smaller block size) would also be helpful if first preference is not feasible. The latter chart would need some sort of codes I isting source and type of information at the least. Codes de f i n i n g bot tom t y p e , r e l i e f , etc . wo u I d be better if that information is also available. SC-SeaGra.nt Topographic (bathymetric) with Loran over lay plus bottom type C-20 Appendix C. Agency~ Comment, if any SEAMAP-E Depends on case. Need general overview and mo r e de t a i I e d info on reefs and rocky outcroppings. SEAMAP-T USEngineers-Jax USEngineers-Sav USEng i neers-Wi I USF&WS Scale: 1:50,000 (harbor charts)- 18 responses USEngineers-Sav Detai I in proximity around disposal areas. NMFS-NEFC second choice Plus the following agencies with no comments for this section: Bot tMapWG-B FL-Piannlng GA-GeoiSurvey GA-MarExt-R MMS-13 NC-MarFish NMFS-Charleston NMFS-HabCons-C NMFS-HabCons-K USF&WS NOAA-Sane SC-Coas tCounc i I SC-Ma.rRes USEng i 11eers-Jax USEngineers-Sav Scale: 1:50,000 to 1:150,000 (coast charts) 19 responses FL-SeaGrant high priority NMFS-NEFC first choice Plus the following agencies with no comments for this section: BottMapWG-R EPA FL-MarFishComm GA-CoastRes GA-GeoiSurvey GA-MarExt-H MMS-M NC-MarFish NMFS-Beaufort NMFS-Charleston NMFS-HabCons-C NOAA-Sane SACounci I SC-SeaGrant SEAMAP-T USEngineers-Wi USF&WS Scale: 1:150,000 to 1:600,000 !offshore chartsl.- 5 responses FL-BurMarRes GA-GeoiSurvey NMFS-HabCons-C USF&WS NMFS-NEFC third choice Other scale FL-Env i Reg Throughout the actual hard bot tom or high reI i ef area, a much smaller scale is preferred 1 e.g. 1:1000. FL-Pianning As appropriate to depict hard bottom resources C-21 Appendix C. (Continued) Aoenoy Comment, if any NC-CoastMgmt 1:24,000 or better (finer) NC-MarAffairs large scale maps are preferred GA-CoastRes Smallest scale is obviously preferable, but not necessarily feasible or realistic NMFS-HabCons-C Large map scale for locating sites, small scale for defining specific location of resourse in relation to potential impact area. NMFS-SEFC Varies with importance of specific area. NOAA-Sane 1:25,000 for specific detail SC-CoastCounci 1 : 24' 000 USF&WS We recommend the smallest scale that is ecor,omically feasible. Other forms of graphic presentation FL-Pianning Photo-documentation Atlas of community types Geologist Side-soan sonograph mosaics; bottom camera mosaics NOAA-Sat1<> 3-D rep res en tat i on of b o t tom p r o f i 1 e s for selected reefs B. TABULAR - 17 responses Bot tMapWG-B Detailed quantitative descriptions of the habitats and communities EPA FL-EnviReg Species list, both qualitative C-22 Appendix C. (Continued) C. NARRATIVE - 28 responses BottMapWG-R X EPA FL-EnviReg X X X FL-Pianning X X X FL-SeaGrant X (high GA-CoastRes • priority) GA-MarExt-H X GA-MarExt-R X Geologist MMS-B X X MMS-M X NC-CoastMgmt X NC-MarAffairs X X NC-Ma.rFish X X X NMFS-Beaufort X X X NMFS-HabCons-C X X X NMFS-NEFC X X NMFS-SEFC X NOAA-Sane X X X SACounc i I X SC-CoastCounci X SC-MarRes X X SEAMAP-E X X SEAMAP-T X USEngineers-Jax X X USEnglneers-Sav X USEngineers-WII X USF&WS X 1 8 1 2 14 Additional Comments GA-CoastRes Summaries sometimes useful -non-priority NC-CoastMgmt Geological nature of sites, description of unusual topographic features NC-MarAffa irs For pub I i c education purposes NMFS-Seaufort For each Bay - Raleigh, Onslow~ Long~ etc. NOAA-Sane Scientific reprints, including reports published in refereed and non-refereed journals SC-MarRes Brief description of area, if known C-23 Appendix C. Agencv ~omment, if a!l..:L D. COMPUTERIZED DATA - 28 responses BottMapWG-B Interactive data base to provide both graphic and tabular information as requested Bot tMapi.>IG-R EPA FL-BurMarFish The overal I approach should lead to a digital map p i n gIg rap h i c s s y s t em to a I I ow con t i n u o us updating. FL-MarFishComm FL-Planning Refer to DNR comments. FL-SeaGrant Formatted and accessible to sort and arrange for custom graphics (high priority) GA-CoastRes Needs to accessible and in accessible, understandable format (high priority) GA-GeoiSurvey GA-MarExt-H GA-MarExt-R Geologist Location classification MMS-8 MMS-M NC-MarAffairs NC-MarFish NMFS-Beaufort NMFS-Ha.bCons-C NMFS-NEFC Using some standard protocol and forms; must settle this soon for this issue and many others. NMFS-SEFC Clean raw data - errors corrected. NOAA-Sane Camp at i b I e w i t h I BM PC SACounc i I SC-MarRes A & B should at least be computerized for easy access by users. SEAMAP-E SEAMAP-T USEngineers-Jax USEngineers-Wi I USF&WS We have the capabi I ity to handle these data if major development occurs. Negative comment: NC-CoastMgmt -We are not currently set up to accommodate other than hard copy data -- perhaps in the future. ~ - 14 responses BottMapWG-B Data General MV 4000 FL-BurMarFish Specs need to be developed as the project proceeds. C-24 Appendix C. (Continued) Agency C omme n t , i f any GA-CoastRes Standard IBM non-labeled tapes, 9-track, 1600 BPI for large amounts of data NC-MarAffairs Data Genera I MVB000-1 I computer. Tapes shou I d be ASCII, 1600 b.p. i., unlabeled, record length less than 8192 bytes, and record length = block size. NC-MarFish IBM mainframe (3081), standard label, density= 6250 bpi, 9 track NMFS-Beaufort Burroughs B7800, IBM PC/AT NMFS-HabCons-C Burroughs B7BOO, NBI/PC NMFS-NEFC NMFS-SEFC Burroughs 6800, 7800 mainframes Disk- 12 responses Fl-BurMarFish Specs need to be developed as the project proceeds. Fl-MarFishComm IBM PC ST 10MB GA-CoastRes Standard IBM PC disks with 360 KB storage capa.ci ty - for smaller amounts of data GA-GeoiSurvey Computer capabi I ity is presently being developed at the Survey. Specific configuration not determined at this time. GA-MarExt-H PC GA-MarExt-R IBM PC and XT, 560 KB data storage capacity MMS-M IBM XT with 600 KB NMFS-NEFC NOAA-Sane IBM PC with 20 Mega Byte hard disc and two floppy disc drives SEAMAP-E SEAMAP-T IBM PC XT floppy disk 360 KB USEngineers-Jax IBM PC-XT, AT and compatibles, 5* inch floppy disks, double-sided, double density with IBM format and 360 KB disk drive. USF&WS IBM with 10 mega byte hard drive Printouts only- 11 responses Bot tMapWG-R EPA C-25 Appendix C. Agency Comment, if~ GA-CoastRes Could ideally be produced from tapes/disks as needed, low priority GA-GeoiSurvey Any tabulated information available. MMS-B Species I ists NMFS-Beaufort Same as graphs NMFS-NEFC NOAA-Sane In addition to above, species I is t s SACounci I Species I ists by bottom type, are a, etc . We want to be able to download from Burrough's to our Macintosh computers. USEngineers-Wi USF&WS Species I ists and mineral production. Preferred tvpe of data base structure BottMapWG-B Whatever i s most cost effect i v e Bot tMapWG-R No preference FL-BurMarFish Hierarchical GA-CoastRes Hierarchical preferred -more usable and rea I i s t i c for data ; J e I at i on a. I wo u I d be n i o e , but probably highly unrealistic in this area. GA-MarExt-R No preference MMS-B A I I MMS-M AI I NC-MarAffairs ASCI flat files are preferred NC-MarFish Flat records so that it can be formatted into any preferred database at wi I I NMFS-Beaufort Ralational NMFS-HabCons-C Relational NMFS-NEFC Relational NMFS-SEFC Relational NOAA-Sane Our primary software is DBase I I I or I I . We request any data forwarded to us be formatted as such. SACounc i I Easiest and most efficient system for user. SC-MarRes Relational, unless it is too expensive to be feasible. Hierarchical would be acceptable~ but less preferred. SC-SeaGrant No preference SEAMAP-T Hierarchical and no preference USE11g i neers-Jax We use a relational data base management system developed by the Control Data Corporation for the Coastal Engineering Research Center. USF&WS Hierarchical Additional comments about computerized data: Bot tMapWG-B Could we get a computerized annotated bib I iography of both pub! ished and unpublished information? C-26 Appendix C. Agency Comment, if any GA-CoastRes AI I data designs and procedures should be compatible with SEAMAP-SA Data Management Work Group recommendation. NC-MarAffairs If maps are digitized, the data should be compatible with the geographic in.formation system at the Land Resources Information Service E. VIDEOTAPES/PHOTOS - 18 responses EPA FL-EnviReg Quantitative photos and thorough videotape documentation of representative hard bottom areas. FL-Pianning Should be housed somewhere in state. GA-CoastRes Correlated to/referenced in computer data base. GA-GeoiSurvey GA-MarExt-H Geologist NC-CoastMgmt. Photographs of specific sites as required NC-MarAffai rs Large size with captions to be used in describing particular research projects in potential exhibits at the Marine Resources Centers. NMFS-Charleston NMFS-SEFC Indicate where they could be located. NOAA-Sane Both - showing species examples and bottom profiles SACounc i I These wou I d be usefu I for genera I educatIon a I purposes. SEAMAP-T USC 308 extended play in color USEngineers-Jax USEngineers-Sav Photos US Eng i neers-Wi I Photos USF&WS F. OTHER GA-CoastRes Samples taken - reference collection; index address i n g source 1 me tho d , and r e I i a b i I i t y of data should be incorporated into the system so that we can take advantage of other important sources of information, such as may be available from fishermen and divers. C-27 Appendix c. (Continued) QUESTION 7. How often would your agency wish to receive updates of accumulated data? Aoencv Qrtl~ Sem-ann. Ann. _Bi-ann. As Ava i I Other BottMapWG-B X Bot tMapWG-R Monthly (?) EPA X FL-BurMarFish X FL-EnviReg X FL-Pianning Fo I I owing data reduction~ analysis & interpretation FL-SeaGrant X GA-CoastRes X Edited and ready for usei produced on a time 1 y, realistic basis GA-Geo!Survey No preference GA-MarExt-H X GA-MarExt-R X oGeologist X (, MMS-B X oo MMS-M X NC-CoastMgmt X NC-MarAffairs X NC-MarFish Regular reportst annual;; special reports as needed NMFS-Beaufort X NMFS-Charleston X NMFS-HabCons-C X NMFS-HabCons-K X NMFS-NEFC As needed and upon request NMFS-SEFC X NOAA-Sane X SACounci I X SC-Coas tCounc i I On request SC-MarRes Periodic updated tapes SC-SeaGrant X SEAMAP-E X SEAMAP-T X USEngineers-Jax X USEngineers-Sav X or X USEng i neers-Wi I X or X USF&WS X ------TOTALS 2 4 1 3 5 3 Appendix C. (Continued) QUESTION 8. Should alI South Atlantic hard bottom/natural reef data be compiled, stored, and analyzed by one agency, or should each state manage its portion of the data? Please check A, B, or C. A. A I I by one agency B. Each state managing its portion c. Other arrangement. Please state. Each State Agency A I I by One L1JL_Qwn Bot tMapWG-B X Totals 2 1 5 C-29 Appendix C. (Continued> Other arrangement Agency Comment FL-MarFishComm Without info on ava i I ab I e resources, can't answer this with any reliability. FL-Pianning Interagency transfer of data upon request and demonstrated need GA-CoastRes Central SEAMAP-SA depository; each state with copies of appropriate data (edited, final copy>. Initially raw data from states to depository; edited and entered; back to states for reviewi final copy produced. GA-GeoiSurvey ''Central clearinghouse'' would be an obvious advantage, with easy access by each state. NC-Coa.stMgmt Joint state/federal program involving state resource management agency user needs assessment and incorporation into data collection, storage and analysis system. NC-Ma.rAffa.irs We prefer LRIS in NRCD. NC-MarFish Cooperative state-federal storage~ management, and summarization. User specific analysis~ as needed NMFS-SEFC Variable depending on data SACounc i I Have one agency responsible for maintaining a system accessible by alI but have each state responsible for its portion of the data. SEAMAP-E Have master f i I e but each agency res pons i b I e for its section. USEngineers-Wi No opinion. C-30 Appendix C. QUESTION 9. Which one of the following would your agency prefer to have manage South Atlantic hard bottom /natural reef data? State government; Federal gover-nment; SEAMAP Information System; University contract; Consulting firmi Don't know; Other, please state. Don't Agency Stat Bot tMapWG-B X Bot tMapWG-R EPA X FL-BurMarFish X FL-EnviReg FL-MarFishComm X FL-Pianning Dept. of Nat. Res., Marine Res. Division FL-See.Grant X GA-CoastRes X GA-GeoiSurvey X GA-MarExt-H X GA-MarExt-R X Geologist X MMS-B MMS-M X y NC-CoastMgmt X w NC-MarAffa irs X We prefer LRIS of NRCD. ~-' NC-MarFish X NMFS-Beaufort X NMFS-Charleston X NMFS-HabCons-C X NMFS-Ha.bCons-K State within state waters. Fed. in FCZ. NMFS-NEFC X X NMFS-SEFC X NOAA-Sane X SACounci l X SC-CoastCounci X SC-Marlles X SC-SeaGrant X X Nation a I ocean survey - they are a I ready in process of compiling b a t h yme t r i c c h a r t s . SEAMAP-E X SEAMAP-T X State within state waters. Fed. in FCZ. USEngineers-Jax X USEngineers-Sav X X USEng i neers-Wi I No opinion. USF&WS X TOTALS 5 5 1 7 3 2 Appendix C. QUESTION 10. If sampling and data collect ion procedures for future bottom assessment surveys could be standardized and al agencies agreed to use the standards, what is the most important criterion or procedure to be standardized? Others? Agency, Comment BottMapWG-B All field collection techniques to provide long term data base. FL-BurMarFish Should be determined by work group FL-EnviReg Quantitative photography and benthic sampling FL-Pianning Qualitative and quantitative photography GA-CoastRes Locational, with appropriate information, descriptive information needed to insure accurate relocation Others- Relief: Dr. Henry's classification? Biological: Dominant components? GA-GeoiSurvey Cataloguing and storage/retrieval of alI samples and data GA-MarExt-H Samp I i ng and mapping GA-MarExt-R The variety of goals for sample wi II make standardization difficult. Geologist Hard bottom classification of Low, Mod and High by Henry et al. MMS-B Sample size/method. Submersibles wi II experience topographic restrictions; tow-sleds won 1 t have the same restrictions. Camera height above the bottom should be standardized as different elevations affect what and how much is seen. MMS-M Interpretation of visual transects. NC-Coa.stMgmt BioI og i ca I samp I i ng procedures on different bottom types. Others -Mapping scale must be large enough to document patchiness of reef/hard bottom geometry, lithology, geology and biological co mrnu n i t i e s t o be use f u I f o r s i t e- s p e c i f i c evaluation of mineral/oi I development, artificial reef sitingl ocean dumping, etc. for permit and consistency decision. NC-MarAffairs Unable to provide an answer NC-MarFish Survey design and gear specification Others- Data coding format, time and frequency of samp I i ng NMFS-Beaufort Cannot be standardized- each agency wi I I collect data according to their 11eed and capab IIi ties C-32 Appendix C. (Continued) A!l..!l.Jl.Q..l!. Comment NMFS-HabCons-C Standardization would be desirable but imp r a. o t i c a I . NMFS-NEFC Must be decided so that these data can be related to fishery stocks, other benthic data, etc. NMFS-SEFC Repeatabi I ity, minimum variance. Although superficially desirable, this standardization is not possible because of differences in fauna, equipment, funding, and quest ions asked. NOAA-Sane Data format -both in input and printouts SACounc i I Agree to a common core of items for which data wi II be collected. SC-CoastCounci SC-MarRes don't feel this kind of standardized survey effort is realistic. Agencies surveying hard bottom habitats each have their own requirements in addressing specific goals and it would not be cost effective for most agencies to agree to a standardized format. SC-SeaGrant Bottom type and topo SEAMAP-E Hydrographic, fish catches~ geological data SEAMAP-T Collection and analysis of data: resolution; parameters; bottom classification; etc. USEngineers-Jax User friendly PC compatible program. USEngineers-Sav Physical features esp- location~ Depth~ Areal Relief~ etc. USEngineers-Wi No opinion USF&WS C-33 Appendix C. (Continued) QUESTION 11. What types of hard bottom activities occur in your area? Please state the area. Please describe briefly and, if possible, indicate at what level of intensity. (Note: Responses for a! I agencies are summarized by activity. RES= researcht F/C = commercial fishing; F/S =sport fishing;. OIV =diving; EDU =education; M/M =mining or minerals exploration. Comments begin on the following page.) Activities Aoencv RES F/C F/S DIV EDU M/M Area BottMapWG-B X X X X X NC,SC,GA,FL; 60-700' dpths Bot tMapWG-R X X X X X Onslow Bay and Long Bay EPA X X X X X X Entire SA Bight FL-BurMarFish X X X X X Coral reef FL-EnviReg X X X X X X Offshore Florida FL-Pianning X X X X X X Offshore FL-SeaGrant X X X X X Florida GA-CoastRes X X X X X X GA OCS:3-80nm east of GA GA-GeoiSurvey X X X X X Georgia Inner Cont. Shelf n GA-MarExt-H X X X X Gray's Reef 1 GA-MarExt-R X X Offshore areas 40-90 mi I es ( 80' t 0 6 0 0' ) ~Geologist X X X X ( L e f t b I ank l ed. ) NC-CoastMgmt X X X X Agency Comments RESEARCH Bot tMapWG-B About 53 sea days/year by agency BottMapWG-R UNCW research activities- low level FL-BurMarFish Assessment of anthropogenic contaminants in the water column and sediments - taxonomic ecosystem studies- community structure FL-EnviReg Site-specific in conjunction with a particular ocean dumping or oil exploration proposal. SW Fla shelf ecosystem being studied through a multiyear sampling and synthesis effort. Some mapping efforts of Ocul in~ banks on East Coast. FL-Pianning Identification of ocuiina and pinnacle reefs off Florida by Harbor Branch Foundation. Nearshore worm reefs by Dept. Nat. Res. GA-Coas!Res As compared with other areas~ overall research e f f o r t s are I ow. Mo s t res ear o h i s r e I ted to federally-funded efforts at the Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary and annual NOAA cruises; other research is conducted by Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, Savannah State, UGA Marine Institute- Sapelo, and UGA - MAREX gear devel. GA-GeoiSurvey Mainly academia, and faunal studies by Georgia DNR GA-MarExt-R Most cruises are monthly NC-CoastMgmt !See Dr. Stan Riggs, Dr. B.J. Copeland far details.) NC-MarFish Finfish distribution, I ife history and headboat harvest by NMFS Beaufort lab staff. Commercial harvest location, gear, amount and value by NC DMF NMFS-Charleston Collection of epiphytic dinoflagellates IFL Keys); seawater IFL Keys); seawater IFL Keys and SC coast) low level NMFS-NEFC Benthic; epibenthic and infaunal; related to habitat quality NMFS-SEFC All levels NOAA-Sane Main projects include population dynamics of the black seabass, hydrographic survey, community met abo I ism, and reef fish abundance studies SC-MarRes Extensive offshore research programs. Current programs include MARMAP study, Geryon study, and ti lefish study. SC-SeaGrant Marmap; exploratory fishing SEAMAP-E SEAMAP, SC MARMAP C-35 Appendix C. Agency Comments SEAMAP-T Compare stock assessments based on submersible observations, evaluate the physical characteristics of bottom habitats, and compare stock densities, faunal components and biological characteristics of habitats USEngineers-Jax Opportunistic~ moderate intensity USF&WS We are i nvo I ved wl th MMS in the OCS Environmental Studies Program. FISHING BottMapWG-R Comm. - heavy hook & I ine and long! ine fishing based primarily in Southport and Morehead City FL-BurMarFish Comm.- groupert fishery dependent stats. collected; sport- lobster, tropical fish, no stats. collected FL-Pianning Refer to Florida Marine Fisheries Commission response C-36 Appendix C. (Continued) Agency Comme tits NMFS-SEFC All levels NOAA-Sane Commer.- very limited opportunities; Sport occurs year-round, but at varying levels of i n t e n s i t y i h i g he s t i n s u mme r mo n t h s SC-MarRes Commer. -Moderate, primarily concentrated around hard bottom habitats; Sport extensive, pr imar i I y concentrated around sha I I ow she If hard bot tom habitats and artificial reefs. SC-SeaGrant Commer.- bottom longlinlng, traps, trawls; Sport -bottom pelagic fishing SEAMAP-T Commer. -Evaluate pf1ysical and biological factors which impact the effectiveness of passive fishing gear; Sport- Determine if replenishment of commercial/sports species was depleted by intensive fishing from previous survey. USEr'!g i neers-Jax Cammer. - Don"t know; Sport- Intensive DIVING BottMapWG-R Some - low level FL-EnviReg Established recreational industry, particularly in So. FL GA-CoastRes Offshore to 40 miles, the "Snapper Banks". Most over sha I I ow areas such as Gray" s Reef and artificial reefs. Seasonal. Low pressure. GA-GeoiSurvey Hardbottoms are chief saltwater diving objectives in GA NC-CoastMgmt Very intense at some areas at some times NC-MarAffairs Deta i Is unknown NMFS-Beaufort Research, underwater photography, spear fishing, look-see NMFS-HabCons-C Research, underwater photography, spear fishing, look-see NMFS-HabCons-K High NMFS-SEFC All levels NOAA-Sane Year-round, mostly on weekends SC-MarRes Sport and research diving. Same as fishing. Intensity unknown. SC-SeaGrant To 120' SEAMAP-T Submersible observations of hard bottom and reef structures USEngineers-Jax Moderate to intensive C-37 Appendix C. (Continued) Agency Comments EDUCATION BottMapWG-R UNCW- low level FL-BurMarFish State Parks GA-CoastRes Primarily by UGA system schools; Skidaway Institute, UGA-MAREX, Savannah State, and UGA Marine Institute, Sapelo. low levels, over nearshore I ive bottoms. NMFS-Beaufort Bottom sampling, algae, invertebrate and fish collecting NMFS-HabCons-C Fish and invertebrate collecting NMFS-SEFC All levels NOAA-Sane Programs underway at Savannah State Col lege and at Univ. of GA !Athens and Skidawayl - pro v ides t r a i n i n g, I i v e ex hi b i t s , semi n a r s, lectures, and teaching labs. SC-MarRes Education a I co I I ege cruises to hard bot tom and sand bottom habitats. USEngineers-Jax Moderate MINING OR MINERALS EXPLORATION FL-EnviReg Proposed and being evaluated through pre I iminary surveys FL-Pianning Proposed in MMS pre I imi nary EEZ cons ide ration GA-CoastRes Recent surveys completed w/ indications of deposits in 40-60' depths. Actual mining r-.on-ex i stel''it. GA-GeoiSurvey There is a moderate degree of interest regarding m i n era I resources de v e I o pme n t and i t s impact for the offshore region of GA. NC-CoastMgmt Under consideration NC-MarFish Exploration has been conducted by Sea Grant/ECU and private energy companies NMFS-HabCons-C OCS oi I and gas exploration NMFS-HabCons-K Possible MMS leases and oi 1/gas exploration NMFS-NEFC Petroleum; hard minerals, i.e. aggregates, rare metals etc NMFS-SEFC All levels SC-MarRes None currently in progress. USEngineers-Jax Intensive offshore USF&WS We ma i n t a i n a f i I e of data and reports from MMS's Environmental Studies Program C-38 Appendix C. Agency Comments OTHER FL-EnviReg Oi I exploration- ongoing mostly i'n northeastern gu If. Exp·eoted to increase in the southeast gulf in future. FL-Pianning Potential oi I and gas exploration, mi I itary use areas, NASA Flight zone, Ocean Incineration s i t e GA-CoastRes 3-5 active, but undeveloped, oil leases remain on GA OCS. At t hi s t i me, no act i v i t y i s expected on these sites. NMFS-SEFC Consulting, habitat mitigating/ artificial reef construct ion. NOAA-Sane Military activities- low; commercial shipping I ow C-39 Appendix C. (Continued) Question 12. Does your agency presently collect a1"1y hard bottom/natural reef specific data? Has your agency co I I ected any hard bottom/natural reef specific data in the past? If yes, who is the contact person? Data Collection Agency Present Past Contact Person BottMapWG-B YES YES Bob Van Do I ah/Char I i e Barans BottMapWG-R YES YES Mike Street EPA YES YES Reginald Rogers FL-BurMarFish YES YES Bi I I Lyons - work group member FL-EnviReg no no FL-MarFishComm no no FL-Pianning no no B u t we rev i ew data co II e c ted by consultants for oil industry drilling permits FL-SeaGrant no no GA-CoastRes no YES Henry Ansley, Leader - OCS Program GA-GeoiSurvey no YES Jeff Kellam GA-MarExt-H YES YES James L. Harding GA-MarExt-R YES YES Mac V. Rawson, Jr. Geologist YES YES David Mearns (represents se If) MMS-B YES Chief of Environmental Studies MMS-M no YES NC-Coa.stMgmt no no NC-MarAffairs YES YES Donna Moffitt NC-MarFish no YES Past exploratory fishing -Mike Street NMFS-Beaufort YES YES R. 0. Parker, Jr. NMFS-Cha.rleston no no NMFS-HabCons-C YES YES R. 0. Parker, Jr. NMFS-HabCons-K YES YES NMFS Beaufort Laboratory NMFS-NEFC YES YES Dr. John 8. Pearce NMFS-SEFC YES YES Director, Miami Laboratory, SEFC NOAA-Sane YES YES James Harding SACounc i I no no SC-CoastCounci no no SC-MarRes YES YES Or. P. A. Sandifer, Dir., Mar. Res. Div. SC-SeaGrant no no SEAMAP-E YES YES NMFS Beaufort Laboratory SEAMAP-T YES YES Dr. Walter R. Nelson or Mr. Elmer J. Gutherz USEngineers-Jax YES YES Dr. Lloyd Saunders USE:ngineers-Sav no no USEng i neers-Wi I no no USF&WS no no C-40 Appendix C. (Continued) Question 13. Which of the following describes t.he mission of your agency relative to hard bottom resources? Basic research. On which animals, plants, or abiotic factors? Management. Of which resources or activities? Development. Please explain briefly. Evaluation Ce.g. impact assessment). Education. Other. Please state. Comment, if any BASIC RESEARCH BottMa.pWG-B Monitoring groundfish relative abundance FL-BurMarRes Ecosystem FL-SeaGrant resource descriptions which includes fish 1 invertebrate, and algal species, water chemistry and quality, geological formations and origins~ and current patterns. SC-MarRes To protect and maintain these areas. To better understand the ecology and resources of these areas and to identify important fishery populations associated with these habitats (stock assessment) C-41 Appendix C. (Continued) Agency Comment, if anv SEAMAP-E SEAMAP-T On alI animals and plants associated with hard bottoms or reef structures. MANAGEMENT SottMapWG-B No I ega I juri sd i ct ion beyond three mi I e imi t t yet interest in monetary benefits from commercial and recreational fishing Bot tMapWG-R commercial fishing regulations EPA FL-BurMarRes r e c rea t i on a 1 d i v i n g and f i s h i n g ~ c omme r c i a I fishing Fl-EnviReg Submerged lands and associated habitat and species located within territorial waters. Regulation of dredging, filling, construction and discharges affords protection to hard bottoms. FL-MarFishComm Fisheries resources and their conservation FL-Pianning AI I OCS resources, particularly oil and gas. GA-CoastRes Of state and regional fisheries resources and the activities that may impact regional fisheries resources and the activities that may impact these resources; I arge I y through states; interstate act i v i t i e s that a f f e c t them I as de f i ned i n the Coastal Area Management Act NC-MarAffai rs Pol icy recommendations for state government NC-MarFish Fisheries resources; commercial and recreational fishing NMFS-Beaufort Reef fish and crustacea NMFS-HabCons-C Impact of oi I, gas development on the OCS biological communities NMFS-Ha.bCons-K Habitat and commercially and recreationally valuable species NMFS-NEFC marine fishes and their habitats NMFS-SEFC Marine fisheries (commercial and recreational) NOAA-Sane Of all the resources in the Sanctuaryi control of at"iy activities that degrade, both visually and biologically/ the Sanctuary environment~ including gear restrictions, seabed construction, and the collection of specimens. C-42 Appendix C. Agency CommenL if at"!y SACounci fishery resources and fishing activities including artificial reefs. SC-CoastCounci SC-MarRes A I I imp or tan t fishery resources. Habitat protectior"f is also included as it relates to management. SEAMAP-E SEAMAP-T Outside state waters on corals and reef fish USF&WS Fish and wildlife including endangered species DEVELOPMENT Bot t.MapWG-B Increase recreational usage of reefs and artificial reefs. FL-Pianning Pol icy for natural resource EVALUATION BottMa.pWG-B Advisory role: lease block sales/oi I exploration etc. C-43 Appendix C. (Continued) Agency Comment, if any EPA FL-8urMarFish mapping of coral reefs and damage assessments associated with associated with vessel groundings FL-EnviReg Approval of projects proposed for submerged lands in state and federal offshore waters is generally the results of environmental doc ume n t rev i ew . FL-Pianning As it pertains to above FL-SeaGrant GA-CoastRes Typically performed as needed. GA-GeoiSurvey Resource development potential Development impact, socio-economic and environmental Geologist Impact assessment and geohazard evaluation MMS-8 Environmental Impact Assessments MMS-M Impact assessment NC-CoastMgmt Assess environmental impacts of development within ''AEC 1 s'' (submerged oceanic land within three miles of shore is included in the Pub I ic Trust A.E.C.) NC-MarAffairs NC-MarFish Evaluate habitat alteration proposals and applications, E:IS, A-95 EDUCATION BottMapWG-8 Continual process of pub I ic awareness to reef resource conservation C-44 Appendix C. (Cordinued) Comment. if any FL-BurMarFish State Parks FL-Pianning Public schools and universities FL-SeaGrant GA-CoastRes limited largely to onshore activities. Management oriented. GA-MarExt-H NC-CoastMgmt Promote pub I i c awareness of env i ronmenta I issues and coastal processes NC-MarAffa irs NOAA-Sane Gather and analyze information about the Sanctuary and design interesting and informative programs for the various audiences such that the need for wise management and protection of the resources is instilled. SC-MarRes Providing seaside faoi I ities and research vessels for educational cruises. OTHER GA-CoastRes 11 SAFMC FMP development and review; 21 endangered species, habitat protection (e.g., turtles). NC-MarAffairs Advocacy for the wise utilization of our estuarine and ocean resources USEngineers-Ja.x Avoidance, protective, relative to dredging, and permitting USEngineers-Sav Not to dispose dredged material on them. USEng i neers-Wi I Pursuant to the Marine Research and Sanctuaries Act, the Corps has regulatory responsibilities involving disposal of dredged materials In the ocean environment. Also the Corps has responsibi I I ties for maintaining Federal navigation projects which may involve ocean disposal of dredged material. Sources of beach fi II would also include possible offshore sites. Knowledge of hard bottoms would be of great help here. C-45 Appendix C. (Continued) Question 1'1. What are your agency's concerns about hard bottoms/natural reefs, if any? Please comment. Agency Comment IMMEDIATE Bot tMapWG-B Recruitment overfishing and reduction of long term harvest potential and destruction of existing reef areas by trawling or pollution (oi I spi lis, ocean dumping, etc.) EPA Disposal of dredged material and industrial waste disposal FL-BurMarFish Anthropogenic (development and recreational) impacts to coral reef communities FL-EnviReg The dependency of coastal and fishery resources on such offshore resources. The role of offshore hard bottom/reefs in coastal processes. The adequacy of protective measures being employed when allowing industrial activities in hard live bottom areas. FL-MarFishComm At present, fish communities associated with h a. r d b o t tom are poor I y man a. g e d , i f at a I I . Measures of standing stock, productivity and areal extent of hard bottoms is crucial to effective management. FL-Pianning Location and extent. GA-CoastRes Considering the evident sparsity of natural reefs offshore of Georgia, overfishing, including the Impacts of gear, is a primary concern. Of greater concern, however, is that no data base exists regarding these reefs or even their locations so that an elemental monitoring/ assessment program can be instituted to provide information essential for state/regional management. GA-GeoiSurvey Relationship to onshore geology and hydrology, de v e I o pme n t p o tent i a I , impact of de v e I o pme n t GA-MarExt-R identification of specific areas to guide exploratory fishing efforts. Geologist Overfishing MMS-B Mechanical and hydrocarbon impacts MMS-M Assessment of the potential impacts to I ive-bottom areas resulting from oi I, gas, and hard mineral leasing activities and mitigation of effects C-46 Appendix C. Agency Commetd NC-CoastMgMt Specific projects should be located away from areas of special biological/geological interest. Several permits for such developments are currently pending -- but we do not have maps of such special areas! NC-MarAffairs Qualitative and quantitative assessments NC-MarFish Determine locations~ extent, resources and utilization without damaging the basic system. NMFS-Beaufort Areal extent of hard bottom and biomass per unit of area of reef fish and crustacea important in the recreational and commercial fisheries. NMFS-Charleston Dinoflagellates associated with clguatera and ciguatoxic reef fish NMFS-HabCons-C Impact assessment of OCS development on hard bottom/natural reefs NMFS-SEFC Status of resource NOAA-Sane To gather the information and scientific data necessary to manage and preserve the resourcesi to educate the public about the importance of hardbottoms to the maintenance of the ecology of the South Atlantic Bight and to fishery production. SACounci I We are being requested to declare special management zones around artificial reefs and need to know the distribution of hard bottom throughout the South Atlantic Bight. SC-MarRes To protect and maintain these areas. To better understand the ecology and resources of these areas and to identify important fishery populations associated with these habitats (stock assessment>. SEAMAP-E Habitat Preservation, Productivity of Biota SEAMAP-T Loss of marine I ife through over fishing, and damage to reefs through fishing and other man-induced factors USEngineers-Sav Same as 13F Bot tMapWG-B Same C-47 Appendix C. (Continued) Comment FL-BurMarRes Maintaining current viability of reef communities FL-EnviReg Same; plus long-term effects of permitted activities on hard bottom communities FL-P I anrr i ng B i o I o g i c a I s i g n i f i can c e and imp o r tan c e to the state through fisheries, recreation, educationl etc. GA-CoastRes In addition to overfishing, mining and similar developments constitute other management concerns, as does water quality and its potential effects on natural reef areas. These concerns also again reiterate the existing need for a program to provide long-term, base I ine data for future management actions. GA-GeoiSurv Same as above (immediate concerns) GA-MarExt-Rawson Impacts of commercial fishing activities of biological communities on hard bottom areas. Geologist Conflict with mineral development in Onslow Bay. MMS-B Mechanical and hydrocarbon MMS-M Same a.s above (immediate concerns) NC-CoastMgmt Natural reefs are a resource of great importance which deserve protection. DCM is empowered to r e gu I ate de v e I o pme n t i n a I I pub I i c trust areas, but is particularly sensitive to development in fragile or complex natural areas of this sort. NC-MarAffai rs Policy decisions NC-MarFish Maintain productivity as utilization increases; protect from alteration and pollution NMFS-Beaufort Potential yield of these species on a sustained basis. NMFS-Charleston Same as above (immediate concerns) NMFS-HabCons-C Long-term viabi I ity of hard bottom/natural reefs NMFS-NEFC Effects of contaminants and physical degradat ioni the role of hard bottoms/reefs in fisheries production. NMFS-SEFC Changes from natural and human impacts NOAA-Sane Being a unique ecotype supporting diverse resources, it is important to understand the dynamics of these areas such that the ecological integrity of biologically important hardbottom communities can remain intact. SC-MarRes To protect and maintain these areas. To better understand the ecology and resources of these areas and to identify important fishery populations associated with these habitats (stock assessment) C-48 Appendix C. (Continued) Agency Comment SEAMAP-E Habitat Preservation# Productivity of Biota SEAMAP-T Distribution (sic) of hard bottom habitats and reefs with commercial fishing gear and through pollution. USEngineers-Wi I Because of the decreasing capacities of up I and areas for the disposal of dredged materials, ocean disposal of dredged material may become a requirement for some navigation projects. Greater knowledge of marine resources, particularly hard bottom resources. would improve ocean disposal management decisions. USF&WS The impact of man's activities Col I and gas exploration, mineral harvesting etc.) on natural areas may produce changes in populations of plants and animals. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS GA-CoastRes It was difficult to fully or fairly evaluate the value of geological considerations throughout this questionnaire since this office does not possess the background to adequately address these needs. In this case it would seem appropriate to ensure that geologists familiar with the South Atlantic Bight are contacted. In this area, it has also been suggested that much of the geological i n f o r mat i on may be a I ready a v a i I a b I e or provided in the future by industry and/or the Minerals Management Service. GA-GeoiSurvey As can be readily seen, our emphasis in studying the offshore would be directed towards understanding the stratigraphy and its relation to onshore equivalents, and the potential for development of resources, with an understanding of the impacts, negative and positive of any possible development. Any information which might be provided wi I I be appreciated. If we can be of assistance, please contact our Coastal Geologist, Jeff Ke I lam. Geologist Thank you for considering my input in your project. As my experience with hardbottoms is thru research and as a ''provider of information'1 my comments in this questionnaire might not be what you were looking for. However, I wish you wou 1 d consider me a potential source of questions arise about the hardbottom situation in Onslow Bay. C-49 Appendix C. !Continued) Agency Comment NC-CoastMgmt This project wi I I provide very important informationr and we strongly support it. Thank you for a I I owing input during the planning stages! NMFS-Beaulort We suggest sending the survey to a geologist (Orrin PilkeyJ. NOAA-Sana Although a great deal of work has been done an hardbottoms, this ecotype is sti II not as wei understood as other reef systems. I t i s important to stress comprehensive and coordinated research programs to enhance information sharing on this unique eootype. SC-Caas tCounc i I The South Carol ina Coastal Counei I is the coastal zone management agency for South Carolina. Therefore, any activity within the three mi I e I imi t, except research by a state institution, requires our permit. Although we have had no applications during our eight years of permitting authority, if any requests are made, we wi I I need as much site specific information as you can provide. C-50 Appendix D. Mean number of fish species and individuals by depth zone from pre-classified North Carolina reef and sand stations sampled by 30 min trawls by the R/V Dan Moore and the R/V Albatross IV. Reef Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31 55 56-80 81-110 Mean No. Species 14 18 16 6 Range 7-29 8-31 8-26 N 13 26 8 1 Mean No. Individuals 1255 400 199 86 Range 286-2904 15-2157 29-803 N 13 26 8 1 Sand Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Mean No. Species 16 12 9 7 7 Range 4-35 3-20 4-14 4-14 1-20 N 31 9 2 5 4 Mean No. Individuals 22 71 619 129 119 203 Range 55-32838 8-2577 31-227 12-472 l-534 N 31 9 2 5 4 Appendix E. Mean catch per unit effort (and standard errors) by depth zone and station type of fishes trawled during selected R/V Dan Moore and R/V Albatross IV cruises off North Carolina. Station type was pre-classified. Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-llO Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand reef sand Species Rhizoprionodon terraenovae 0.23 1.00 0. 81 1. 25 0.50 (0.12) (0.27) (0.24) (1.11) (0.50) Mustelis canis 0.08 0.03 (0.08) (0.03) Carcharhinus plurnbeus 0.08 0.08 0.13 (0.08) (0.05) (0.13) Raja eglanteria 0.15 (0.15) Raja garmani 0.13 0.20 (0.13) (0.20) Dasyatis sp. 0.08 (0.08) Dasyatis americanus 0.03 0.12 (0.03) (0. 06) Dasyatis centroura 0.31 0.35 0.19 0.22 0.13 1. 00 (0 .17) (0.23) (0. 08) (0.15) (0.13) (1.00) Dasyatis sayi 0.13 0.11 (0 .10) (0.11) Chlopsis bicolor 0.11 (0.11) Gnathophis bathetopos 0.20 (0. 20) Gymnothorax moringa 0.25 Gymnothorax saxicola 0.08 0.22 0.20 (0.05) (0.15) (0.20) Conger oceanicus 0.13 0.50 (0.13) (0.50) Ariosoma balearicum 0.03 (0.03) Echiophis intertinctus 0.04 (0.04) Ophichthus ocellatus 0.03 0.11 1.20 (0. 03) (0.11) (0.73) Appendix E. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type re~f sand reef sand reef sund sand r"ef sand Species Etrumeus teres 0.08 0.03 0.19 0.89 0.13 (0.08) (0. 03) (0.16) (0. 77) (0.13) Opisthonema oglinum 73.15 65.00 (73.07) (34.68) (73 .07) (34. 68) Sardinella aurita o. 77 37.48 0.92 16.11 (0.50) (17.35) (0.31) (16.11) Anchoa hepsetus 303.23 (143.49) Anchoa nasuta 1021.00 (1002.96) Synodus foetens 3.31 3.65 0.38 21.33 97.50 0.40 (1. 92) ( 1. 08) (0.14) (19.35) (97.50) (0. 40) I N"' Synodus intermedius 0.15 0.38 (0.07) (0.38) Syn()dUA poeyi 0.08 0. 811 0.08 1. 11 1. 50 0 .loO (0.08) (0.77) (0.0';) (0.56) (0.50) (O.i,O) Synodus synodus 0.11 (0.11) Saurida brasiliensis 0.33 1.00 0.50 3.00 (0. 33) (1.00) (0.50) (1.90) Sauri.da normani 0.03 0.04 0.11 16.87 4.00 (0.03) (0.04) (0.11) (16.87) ( 4. 00) Trachinocephalus myops 0.87 1.12 7. 11 4.75 0. 20 (0.26) (0.53) (3.83) (4.75) (0. 20) Chlorophthalmus agassizi 0.11 0.50 (0. 11) (0.50) Myctophidae 7.40 (7.15) Arius felis 0.13 (0.13) Porichthys plectrodon 0.46 1. 74 0. 77 5.56 0.50 (0.46) (0.53) (0.51) (3.82) (0.50) Opsanus sp. 0.08 0.63 (O.OH) (O,nl) Appendix E. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand reef sand Species Lophiodes reticulatus 0.25 (0.25) Antennnrius scnber 0.04 (0.04) Ogcocephalus sp. 0.08 (0.08) Ogcocephalus nasuta 1.00 (1. 00) Ogcocephalus parvus 0.08 0.11 0.13 0.50 (0. 08) (0 .11) (0.13) (0.50) Ogcocephalus corniger 0.13 (0.13) "'I w Halietichthys aculeatus 0.04 0.11 0.13 (0.04) (0.11) (0.13) Brosmiculus imberbis 0.25 (0. 25) Physiculus fulva 0.80 1.00 (0. 80) ( 1.00) Urophycis regia 52.00 110.00 (44.21) (95.60) Urophycis earlli 0.08 0.03 0.04 0.25 0.25 (O.OR) (0.03) (0.04) (0.16) (0.25) Lepophidium cervinum 0.20 0.25 (0. 20) (0.25) Ophidion grayae 0.03 0.11 (0. 03) (0.11) Ophidion holbrooki 3.26 1.00 2.33 0.13 (1.70) (0.70) (1.56) (0.13) Rissola marginata 0.04 (0.04) Carapus bermudensis 0.03 0.23 0.50 (0. 03) (0.19) (0.50) Polymixia lowei 0.80 (0.80) Appendix E. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-llO Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand reef sand Species Holocentrus ascencionis 0.50 (0.50) Antigonia capros 70.00 0.25 (0. 25) Fistularia petimba 0.23 0.22 0.50 (0 .13) (0.15) ( 0. 2 7) Syngnathidae 0.03 (0. 03) Hippocampus erectus 0.08 (0. 05) Serranus atrobranchus 0.40 "'I (0.40) "' Centropristis striata 4.85 3.10 0.31 0.20 (2.93) (1.55) (0.13) (0.20) Centropristis ocyurus 0.03 0.50 1.11 0. 13 3.00 (0.03) (0 .I 7) (0. 45) (0.13) (3.00) Centropristis philadelphica 0.12 (0.06) Epinephelus morio 1.00 Epinephelus niveatus 0.04 0.13 (0. 04) (0.13) Mycteroperca microlepis 1.08 2.54 1.00 (0.64) (0.75) (0. 73) Mycteroperca phenax 0.38 0.13 (0.19) (0.13) I\ nth lilA ni cholH I 0 .I) I, 0.88 3.00 (0. 04) (0.88) Anthias tenuis 0.13 (0.13) Diplectrum formosum 1.00 0.19 6. 85 0.22 0.25 (0.49) (0.09) (2.23) (0.15) (0.25) Hemanthias vivanus 9.38 0.20 (9.23) (0.20) Appendix E. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand reef sand Species Holanthias martinicensis 0.13 0.25 (0. 13) ( 0. 25) Schultzea beta 0. 75 (0.62) Serranus phoebe 0.85 0.11 10.25 1.50 (0.52) (0.11) (3.71) ( 1. 50) Priacanthus arenatus 0.03 0.38 0.11 0.75 (0. 03) (0.16) (0.11) (0.41) Pristigenys alta 0.50 (0.3R) Apogonidae 0.04 I (0.04) Ln"' Apogon pseudomaculatus 0.50 (0. 2 7) Synagrops bella 0.13 (0.13) Pomatomus saltatrix 0.23 2.55 (0. 23) (0.99) Rachycentron canadum 0.31 0.48 0.12 0.11 0.50 (0.17) (0.39) (0. 06) (0.11) (0.50) Echeneis naucrates 0.03 (0.03) Carangidae 0.03 (0.03) Trachurus lathami 0.23 0.10 7.00 (0.23) (0.07) ( 6. 86) Alectis crinitis 0.04 (0.04) Cnrnnx hippo~ 3.23 0.58 (3.23) (0.28) Caranx crysos 3.38 2.19 0.11 0.50 1.50 0.80 0.75 (3.30) (0.78) (0.11) (0.50) (1.50) (0.60) Caranx ruber 0.08 (0.08) Appendix E. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand snnd reef sand Species Chloroscombrus chrysoptera 0.08 6.68 (0.08) (5.32) Selar crumenophthalmus 0.31 0.29 0.19 (0.24) (0.17) (0.19) Selene vomer 0.08 0.39 (0. 08) (0.25) Seriola dumerili 0.16 0. 12 0.13 (0.11) (0.06) (0.13) Seriola rivoliana 0.50 ( 0. 50) Seriola zonata 0.03 (0.03) '"I "' Trachinotus carolinus 0.06 (0. 06) Selene setapinnis 0.46 0.35 0. 11 0.13 0.25 (0,116) (0 .18) (0. !1) (0. 13) (0.25) Decaptcrus macorellus 1.13 (1.13) Decapterus punctatus 440.15 260.10 7.42 376.33 6.12 17.00 1.60 (252. 41) (132.36) (3 .11) (259. 76) (5.30) (9.00) ( 1. 36) Lutjanus analis 0.04 0.11 (0.04) (0.11) Lutjanus campechanus 0.08 0.06 (0.08) (0.06) Rhomboplites aurorubens 0.54 0.03 9. 77 0.22 1. 75 (0.29) (0.03) (4.60) (0.15) (1.15) Eucinostomus argenteus 0.13 (0. 10) Eucinostomus gula 0.08 0.03 (0.08) (0. 03) Haemulon aurolineatum 36.15 35.39 31.46 0.89 0.13 (18.49) (24.61) (9.24) (0.89) (0.13) Hnemulon plumieri 3.31 0.03 3. 15 0.75 (2.17) (0.03) ( 1. 64) (0. 75) Appendix E. (cont'd) Depth Zone ( fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand reef sand Species -" Haemulon striatum 0.65 28.00 (0.45) (27.29) Orthopristis chrysoptera 2.62 2.39 (2.53) (1.40) Stenotomus chrysops 151.92 390.71 3.23 66.44 0.38 0.40 (106.52) (97.94) (2. 66) (32.45) (0.38) (0.40) Stenotomus caprinus 435.23 118.85 (145.56) (44.55) Lagodon rhomboides 4.69 19.00 (4.45) (8.80) Archosargus probatocephalus 0.23 "'I (0. 23) " Diplodus holbrooki 9.31 7.13 0.81 (4.56) (4.79) (0.69) Calamus leucosteus 25.92 2.35 6.62 (14.67) (1.07) (1.71) Calamus nodosus 0.08 5. 77 5.37 (0.08) (1.37) (4.81) Pagrus pagrus 2.85 24.77 0.78 6.00 (1. 58) (8.29) (0.55) (3.95) Cynoscion regalis 0.92 1.52 2.11 (0.92) (0.69) (2.11) Leiostomus xanthurus 3.54 41.13 63.44 6.37 (3.54) (24.97) (63.44) (6.37) Larimus fasciatus 7.48 (7.38) Menticirrhus americanus 0.03 (0. 03) Menticirrhus saxatilus 0.06 (0.04) Micropogonias undulatus 2. 77 12.52 22.33 1.50 0.25 (2.69) (9.58) (22.21) ( 1. 50) (0.25) Equetes lanceolatus 2.23 (1. 88) Appendix E. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand reef sand Species Pareques umbrosus 1. 31 0.23 0.63 (1.31) (0. 23) (0.63) Mullus auratus o. 77 0.06 0.04 0.56 0.13 (0.69) (0.04) (0.04) (0.56) (0.13) Psetidupenaeus maculatus 0.03 3.69 (0.03) ( 1. OR) Upenaeus parvus 0.13 2.00 2.62 (0.10) (2.00) (2.62) Chaetodipterus faber 0. 77 0.03 2.54 (0. 77) (0.03) (2.54) Chaetodon ocellatus 0.23 0.42 0.38 "'I (0.23) (0.19) (0.26) 00 Chaetodon aya 0.04 0. 13 (0. 04) (0.13) Chaetodon sedentarius 0.81 0.11 1.12 (0.49) (0.11) (0.48) Holacanthus ciliaris 0.04 (0. 04) Holacanthus bermudensis 1.42 0.50 (0.82) (0.27) Chromis enchrysurus 8.31 2.87 (8.19) (1. 38) Sphyraena borealis 0.08 0.68 (0.08) (0.23) LMhr]dae 0. 2.5 (0.25) Tautoga onitis 0.08 (0.08) Halichoeres caudalis 0.04 (0.04) Hemipteronotus novacula 0.08 0.10 0.42 (0.08) (0. 07) (0.14) Lachnolaimus maximus 0.06 0.46 0.25 (0.06) (0.35) (0.25) Appendix E. (cant' d) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand reef sand Species Nicholsina usta 0.04 (0.04) Astroscopus guttatus 0.08 0.06 (0. 08) (0. 04) Kathetostoma albigutta 0.25 0.25 (0.25) (0.25) Parab]ennius marmorius 0.23 0.08 0.75 (0.23) (0.08) (0.62) Hypleurochilus gcmlnatus 0.08 0.38 (0. 08) (0.38) Emblemaria atlantica 0.04 "'I (0 .04) "' Callionymus bairdi 0.13 (0.13) Lythrypnus phorellus 0.13 (0.13) Acanthurus chirurgus 0.04 (0.04) Trichiurus lepturus 0.06 (0.04) Sarda sarda 0.06 (0.06) Scomber japonicus 0. 26 0.19 0.13 0.25 (0.23) (0.19) (0 .13) (0. 25) Scomberomorus cavalla 0.13 (0.07) Scomhrromorus mnculntnR 0.38 0.90 0.38 (0.38) (0.36) (0.38) Ariomma bondi 9.50 (9.50) Ariomma regulus 0.10 (0. 07) Peprilus triacanthus 8.97 1.33 65.63 42.60 47.50 (6.41) (0.60) (65.48) (39. 89) (47.50) Appendix E. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <]I, 15-30 Jl-55 51\-RO 81-110 Station type reef -~-s-aTld--~,---r~e1~-~--;ruld___ r-eta--twm·J-"- Hnmr,---reer---,.,nnd Species Peprilus alepidotus 0.81 (0.32) Helicolenus dactylopterus 0.40 10.00 5.25 (0.40) (5.25) Neomerinthe hemingwayi 1.00 l. 75 (1.75) Scorpaena agassizi 0.50 (0.50) Scorpaena brasiliensis 0.15 0.13 (0.07) (0.13) Scorpaena calcarata 0.27 0.33 (0.15) ( 0. 24) I 0"' Scorpaenodes tredecimspinosus 0.04 (0.04) Pr·fonotuR enrol inun 0,31 0.55 0. 1,1\ 0.56 0.20 (0.31) (0.21) (0.25) (0.31•) (0.20) Prionotus evolans 0.38 0.04 (0. 38) (0.04) Prionotus scitulus 0.15 0.61 (0.15) (0.21) Prionotus tribulus 0.29 (0.15) Prionotus ophryas 0.08 0. 13 1.00 (0.05) (0.13) (1. 00) Prionotus roseus 0.03 0.50 0. 11 0.13 (0.03) (0. 46) (0.11) (0.13) Prionotus salmonicolor 0.03 (0. 03) Prionotus stearnsi 0.80 (0. 80) Bellator egretta 0.20 (0. 20) Be11ator militRris 0.56 0.38 0.50 (0.4'•) (0.38) (0. 50) Appendix E. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Stntton type Tf'f' f sand reef srtnd reef sand sand reef sand Sp<-c:le~ Peristedion miniatum 0.25 (0.25) Dactylopterus volitans 0.04 (0.04) Citharichthys sp. 0.08 (0.05) Citharichthys arctifrons 21.50 (21.50) Citharichthys macrops 0.13 (0 .13) Paralichthys dentatus 0.15 1.06 (0.10) (0.37) "'I .... Paralichthys albigutta 0.04 ( 0. 04) Paralichthys oblongus 0.25 (0.25) ~cophthnlmtn1 nquotHif; 0. I fi (0.11) Ancylopsetta quadrocellata 0.15 0.35 0.12 0.11 (0.15) (0.13) ( 0. 06) (0.11) Bothus sp. 2. 38 0.25 (2.34) (0.25) Bothus ocellatus 0.42 (0.31) Bothus robinsi 0.67 (0.55) Cyclopsetta fimbriata. 0.04 (0.04) Gastropsetta frontalis 0.04 0.13 (0.04) (0. 13) Sya.cium pa.pilosum 0.19 0.88 4.78 0.50 (0 .13) (0.39) (2. 66) ( 0. 50) Symphurus urospilus 0.11 (0.11) Appendix E. (cont'd) Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Station type reef sand reef sand reef sand sand reef sand Species Aluterus schoepfi 0.46 0.10 3.08 (0.27) (0.07) ( l. 79) Aluterus heudeloti 0.08 0.10 0.35 (0.08) (0. 07) (0.16) Aluterus scripta 0.27 0.38 (0. 13) (0. 38) Balistes capriscus 0.08 0.13 2.69 0.11 0.25 (0.08) (0.06) ( 1. 62) (0.11) (0.25) Cantherhines macrocerus 0.04 (0.04) Monacanthus ciliatus 1.31 (1.19) Monacanthus hispidus 34.31 16.68 131.92 14.44 0.50 0.50 '".....I N (12.13) ( 7. 08) (64.16) (10.91) (0.33) (0.50) Lactophrys sp. 0.04 (0.04) Lactophrys quadricornis 0.08 0.06 0.19 (0.08) (0.06) (0.10) Lactophrys polygonia 0.04 0.50 (0.04) (0.38) Tetraodontidae 1.00 (1.00) Sphoeroides maculatus 0.15 0.39 0.33 0.13 (0.10) (0.16) (0.33) (0.13) Sphoeroides dorsalis 0.13 0.27 1.67 0.13 (0.08) (0.10) (0.88) (0.13) Sphoeroides spengleri 0.50 0.25 (0.19) (0.25) Canthigaster rostrata 0.12 0.13 (0.12) (0.13) Chilomycterus schoepfi 0.15 0.31 0.13 (0.10) (0.11) (0. 13) Chilomycterus atinga 0.08 (0.05) Diodon holocanthus 0.13 (0.13) Appendix F. Mean catch per unit effort and number of species by depth zone and pre-classified habitat type of fishes classified as reef using the SEAMAP indicator list (Table 3), the Ross-Miller-Richards list (Table 4), and fishes classified as non-reef (=fishes not on Ross-Miller-Richards list). Fish Type Depth Zone CPUE No. Species Pre-classified station type reef non-reef reef non-reef SEAMAP reef <14 121.9 83.9 5.5 2.4 15-30 236.1 17.9 8.4 2.2 31-55 42.3 4.5 6.0 1.0 56-80 0.2 0.2 81-110 84.0 7.5 4.0 1.0 R-M-R reef <14 715.3 475.4 8.5 3.1 15-30 379.5 85.6 13.0 3.9 31-55 79.1 6.0 10.5 3.8 56-80 1.8 2.0 81-110 85.0 9.0 5.0 1.2 Non-reef <14 539.9 1795.4 5.1 9.2 15-30 20.2 533.2 5.0 12.0 31-55 119.4 123.0 5.6 8.4 56-80 117.0 7 .o 81-110 l.O 194.0 l.O 5.6 Appendix G. Frequency of occurrence of fishes by depth zone from pre-classified reef stations sampled by 30 min trawls off North Carolina by the R/V Dan Moore and the R/V Albatross IV. No data were available for the 56-80 fm zone. Fishes are listed in decreasing order of total frequency. Depth Zones (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 81-110 No. Stations l3 26 8 1 Species Monacanthus hispidus 12 20 2 Pagrus pagrus 6 22 5 Haernulon aurolineatum 10 20 1 Calamus leucosteus 12 16 Diplectrum formosum 5 21 1 Decapterus punctatus ll 12 3 Stenotomus caprinus 9 15 Calamus nodosus 1 18 3 Haemulon plumieri 9 12 1 Mycteroperca microlepis 4 14 3 Rhomboplites aurorubens 3 13 2 Balistes capriscus 2 13 1 Rhizoprionodon terraenovae 3 ll 2 Centropristis striata 6 6 Diplodus holbrooki 8 4 Aluterus schoepfi 3 9 Centropristis ocyurus 10 1 Sardinella aurita 3 8 Serranus phoebe 5 6 Chilomycterus schoepfi 2 7 1 Holacanthus bermudensis 7 3 Synodus foetens 3 7 Chaetodon ocellatus 1 6 2 Dasyatis centroura 3 5 1 Hemipteronotus novacula 1 8 Priacanthus arenatus 6 3 Syacium papillosum 8 1 Chaetodon sedentarius 4 4 Chrornis enchrysurus 3 5 Sphoeroides spengleri 7 1 Stenotomus chrysops 4 3 1 Trachinocephalus myops 7 l Fistularia petimba 4 3 Sphoeroides dorsalis 6 1 Alutera heudeloti 1 5 Mycteroperca phenax 5 1 Prionotus carolinus 1 5 Rachycentron canadum 3 3 Aluterus scripta 5 1 Lactophrys quadricornis l 4 Appendix G. (cont'd) Derth Zones (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 81-110 Porichthys plectrodon 1 3 1 Scorpaena brasiliensis 4 1 Synod us intermedius 4 1 Ancylopsetta quadrocellata 1 3 Carcharhinus milberti 1 2 1 Equetes lanceolatus 4 Etrumeus teres 1 2 1 Haemulon striatum 2 2 Lachnolaimus maximus 3 1 Mull us auratus 2 1 1 Parablennius marmorius 1 1 2 Pseudupeneus maculatus 4 Seriola dumerili 3 1 Urophycis earlli 1 1 2 Anthias nicholsi 1 1 1 Apogon pseudomaculatus 3 Bothus ocellatus 3 Bothus sp. 2 1 Caranx crysos 2 1 Centropristis philadelphica 3 Dasyatis americana 3 Lactophrys polygonia 1 2 Micropogonias undulatus 2 1 Monacanthus ciliatus 3 Ophidion holbrooki 2 1 Pareques umbrosus 1 1 1 Prionotus ophryas 2 1 Prionotus roseus 2 1 Scorpaena calcarata 3 Selar crumenophthalmus 2 1 Sphoeroides maculatus 2 l Synodus poeyi 1 2 Trachurus lathami 1 2 Canthigaster rostrata 1 1 Carapus bermudensis 2 Chaetodon aya 1 1 Chaetodipterus faber l 1 Chilomycterus atinga 2 Citharichthys sp. 2 Epinephelus niveatus l 1 Gastropsetta frontalis 1 1 Gymnothorax saxicola 2 Halieutichthys aculeatus 1 l Hemanthias vivanus 2 Hippocampus erectus 2 Hypleurochilus geminatus l l Lagodon rhomboides 2 G-2 Appendix G. (cont'd) Derth Zones (fm) <14 iS-30 31-55 81-110 Leiostomus xanthurus 1 1 Ogcocephalus corniger 1 1 Ogcocepha1us parvus 1 1 Opisthonema oglinum 2 Opsanus sp. 1 1 Orthopristis chrysoptera 2 Paralichthys dentatus 2 Peprilus triacanthus 2 Prionotus evolans 1 1 Pristigenys alta 2 Saurida normani 1 1 Schul tzea beta 2 Scomber japonicus 1 1 Scomberomorus maculatus 1 1 Selene setapinnis 1 1 Acanthurus chirurgus 1 Alec tis crinitis 1 Anten.narius scaber 1 Anthias tenuis 1 Antigonia capros 1 Apogonidae 1 Archosargus probatocephalus 1 Astroscopus guttatus 1 Bellator militaris 1 Callionymus bairdi 1 Cantherhines macrocerus 1 Caranx hippos l Caranx ruber 1 Chloroscombrus chrysurus 1 Citharichthys macrops 1 Conger oceanicus 1 Cyclopsetta fimbriata 1 Cynoscion regalis 1 Dactylopterus volitans 1 Dasyatis sp. 1 Diodon holocanthus 1 Echiophis intertinctus 1 Emblemaria atlantica 1 Epinephelus morio 1 Eucinostomus gula 1 Gymnothorax moringa 1 Halichoeres caudal is 1 Helicolenus dactylopterus 1 Holacanthus ciliaris 1 Holanthias martinicensis 1 Holocentrus ascensionis 1 Kathetostoma albigutta 1 G-3 Appendix G. (cont'd) De)2th Zones (fm) <14 15 30 31 55 81-110 Labridae 1 Lactophrys sp. 1 Lutjanus analis 1 Lutjanus campechanus 1 Lythrypnus phorellus 1 Mustelus canis 1 Neomerinthe hemingwayi 1 Nicholsina usta 1 Ogcocephalus sp. 1 Paralichthys albigutta 1 Pomatomus saltatrix 1 Prionotus scitulus 1 Raja eglanteria 1 Raja garmani 1 Rissola marginatum 1 Saurida brasiliensis 1 Scorpaenodes tredecimspinosus 1 Selene vomer 1 Seriola rivoliana 1 Sphyraena borealis 1 Synagrops bella 1 Tau toga on it is 1 Upeneus parvus 1 Total No. Taxa 68 101 86 6 G-4 Appendix H. Frequency of occurrence of fishes by depth zone from pre-classified non-reef (sand) stations sampled by 30 min trawls off North Carolina by the R/V Albatross IV (cruise AL-IV-82-11). Fishes are listed in decreasing order of total frequency. Depth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 No. Stations 31 9 2 5 4 Species Decapterus punctatus 24 7 2 2 Stenotomus chrysops 28 5 1 Monacanthus hispidus 23 6 1 Synodus foetens 20 7 l 1 Peprilus triacanthus 8 4 3 1 Caranx crysos 14 1 1 2 2 Opisthonema oglinum 17 1 Trachinocephalus myops 11 5 Micropogonias undulatus 13 2 1 Leiostomus xanthurus 14 1 Porichthys plectrodon 11 4 Sardinella aurita 14 1 Rhizoprionodon terraenovae 13 1 Haemulon aurolineatum 11 1 Pomatomus saltatrix 12 Prionotus carolinus 8 3 1 Calamus leucosteus ll Lagodon rhomboides 11 Paralichthys dentatus ll Anchoa hepsetus 10 Centropristis striata 9 1 Chloroscombrus chrysoptera 10 Synodus poeyi 3 4 2 l Urophycis regia 2 3 Ancylopsetta quadrocellata 8 1 Cynoscion regalis 8 1 Ophidion holbrooki 6 3 Scomberomorus maculatus 9 Sphyraena borealis 9 Dasyatis centroura 5 2 l Peprilus alepidotus 8 Prionotus scitulus 8 Diplectrum formosum 5 2 Selene setapinnis 5 1 1 Syacium papilosum 3 4 Sphoeroides maculatus 6 1 Caranx hippos 6 Centropristis ocyurus l 4 1 Orthopristis chrysoptera 6 Rachycentron canadum 4 1 l Sphoeroides dorsalis 3 3 Anchoa nasuta 5 Balistes capriscus 4 1 Appendix H. (cont 'd) Species DeEth Zone (fm) <14 15-30 31-55 56-80 81-110 Ophichthus ocellatus 1 1 3 Prionotus tribulus 4 Saurida brasiliensis 1 1 2 Selar crumenophthalmus 4 Bella tor rr.ilitaris 2 1 Dasyatis sayi 2 1 Diplodus holbrooki 3 Etrumeus teres 1 2 Gymnothorax saxicola 2 1 Larimus fasciatus 3 Mullus auratus 2 1 Myctophidae 2 Pagrus pagrus 3 Rhombop1ites aurorubens 1 2 Saurida normani 1 1 1 Scomber japonicus 2 1 Selene vomer 3 Scomberocorus cavalla 3 Upenaeus parvus 2 1 Ariomma regulus 2 Aluterus heudeloti 2 Aluterus schoepfi 2 Antigonia capros 1 Ariomma bondi 1 Astroscopus guttatus 2 Bothus robinsi 2 Carapus bermudensis 1 1 Chlorophthalmus agassizi 1 1 Citharic:hthys arctifrons 1 Eucinostomus argenteus 2 Fistularia petimba 2 Helicolenus dactylopterus 1 1 Hemipteronotus novacula 2 Lepophidium cervinum 1 1 Menticirrhus saxatilus 2 Ogcocephalus parvus l 1 Ophidion grayae 1 1 Physiculus fulva 1 1 Priacanthus arenatus 1 1 Prionotus roseus 1 l Scophthalmus aquosus 2 Scorpaena calcarata 2 Seriola dumerili 2 Serranus phoebe 1 1 Trach1.2rus lathami 2 Holanthias martinicensis 2 Trichiurus lepturus 2 Urophycis earlli 1 1 H-2 Appendix H. (cont'd) Species Depth Zone (fro) <14 15-30 31-55 56 80 81-110 Carangidae l Tetraodontidae l Ariosoma balearicum l Arius felis 1 Bellator egretta 1 Gnathophis bathytopos 1 Chlopsis bicolor 1 Serranus atrobranchus 1 Chaetodipterus faber 1 Chaetodon sedentarius 1 Conger oceanicus 1 Dasyatis americanus 1 Decapterus macarellus 1 Echineis naucrates l Eucinostomus gula 1 Haemulon plumieri 1 Halieutichthys aculeatus 1 Hemanthias vivanus 1 Kathetostoma albigutta 1 Lachnolaimus maximus l Lactophrys quadricornis l Lophiodes reticulari.s 1 Lutjanus anal is 1 Lutjanus campechanus 1 Menticirrhus americanus l Brosrniculus imberbis l Mustelis canis 1 Neomerinthe hemingwayi 1 Ogcocephalus nasutus l Paralichthys oblongus 1 Peristedion miniatum l Polymixia lowei 1 Prionotus ophryas l Prionotus salmonicolor 1 Prionotus stearnsi l Pseudupeneus maculatus l Raja garmani l Sarda sarda l Scorpaena agassizi l Seriola zonata l Symphurus urospilus 1 Syngnathidae l Synod us synod us l Trachinotus carolinus 1 Total No. Taxa 92 52 16 25 24 H-3 Appendix I Total ! ist of fish species encountered dur!ng the SEAMAP reef project, including codes used by various agencies. For our analyses a! f species were assigned National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) and abbreviation CAbbrev) codes. WH ~Woods Hole S c i en t i f i c Name Common Name NODC Abbrev WH MARMAP Pasca CWater h&ul - valid effort> (water haul- valid effort) H20 haul 300 X99Q Ablennes. hlans needlefish, flat 8803020101 ablehla.n 147010101 Abudefduf saxati I is major, sergeant 8835620101 abudsaxa 669 Abudefduf taurus sergeant, night 8835620102 abudtaur Acanthurus sp. surgeonfish, Acanthurus 8849010100 acan sp 170160100 Acanthurus bahianus surgeon, ocean 8849010101 acanbahl 740 170160101 Acanthurus chi rurgus doctor fish 8849010102 acanchlr 74 1 170160105 Acanthurus coeruleus tang, blue 8849010103 acancoer 742 Acanthocyblum solander! wahoo 88500301501 acanso1a 125 Acipenser sp. sturgeon, Acipenser 8729010100 acip sp 117010100 Acipenser oxyrhyncus sturgeon, Atlantic 8729010105 aclpoxyr 1170 10 101 Aetobatus nar in&r i ray, spotted eagle 8713070101 aetonarl 271 Ahl fa egmontis eel, key worm 8741130101 &hi tegmo A!ectis cl I laris pompano, African 8835280202 a I ecc i I I 568 170110102 A!osa sp. herring, Alosa 8747010100 a.los sp 121050100 A!osa aestiva!is herring, blueback 8747010102 alosaest 34 121053401 Alosa pseudoharengus a lew! fe 8747010105 a.lospseu 33 Alos.a sapidissima shad, AmerIcan 8747010101 alossapi 35 121050105 Aluterus sp. leatherjacket, Atuterus. 8860020100 a I u t sp 189040400 A!uterus heudelotl 11 lefish, dotterel 8860020102 alutheud 830 A424 189040401 Aluterus. monoceros flfefish, unicorn 8860020103 alutmono 831 189040402 Aluterus. schoepfl fllefish, orange 8860020101 a.lutscho 832 A426 189040403 Aluterus scriptus fi lefish, scrawled 8860020104 alutscri 833 Anchoa sp. anchovy, Anchoa 8747020200 anch sp 121060100 Anchoa cubana anchovy, Cuban 8747020203 anchcuba ASSO Anchoa hepsetus anchovy, striped 8747020201 anchheps 44 A090 121060101 Anchoa lyolepls anchovy, dusky 8747020205 anch1yol A091 Anchoa ml t.ch i Ill anchovy, bay 8747020202 anchml tc 43 A092 121060103 Anchoa nas.uta anchovy, longnose 8747020206 a.nchnas.u 890 Ancylopsetta dil~cta flounder, three-eye 8857030503 ancydi le 774 Ancylops.etta quadrocellata flounder, ocellated 8857030506 ancyquad 775 A401 183012105 Anisotremus virginicus pcrkfish 8835400306 anisvirg 626 Antenna.rlus ocellatus frogflsh, ocel fated 8787020202 anteocel 445 Antennarius scaber frogfish, spit lure 8787020205 antescab 447 Anthias sp. seabass, Anthias 8835020700 anth sp 170026000 Anthias nlcholsi bass, yetlowfin 8835020702 anthnlch 500 CAnthias asperillngus) anthnich 170026001 Anthias tenuis bass, threa.dnose 8835020703 antht.enu Antigonia sp. boarflsh, Antlgonia 8811060100 anti sp 162030100 (CAPROIDAE> ant i sp 422 Antigonla capros boarfish, deepbody 8811060101 anticapr 158 162030101 Apogon sp. cardinalfish, Apogon 8835180100 a.pog sp A930 Apogon aurollneatus. cardina.!flsh, bridle 8835180104 apogauro 888 Apogon macutatus flamefish 8835180107 apogmaou 558 APOGONIDAE cardin&! fishes 8835180000 apogonid 138 apogonid 561-0BS Apogon pseudomaculatus ca.rdinalfish, twos.pot 8835180110 apogpseu 559 170060207 Apterlchtus kendal I i ee-l, finl~ss 8741132603 aptekend Appendix I (Continued Scientific Name Common Name NODC Abbrev WH MAR MAP Paaca Scientific Name Common Name NOOC Abbrev WH MAR MAP Pas ca. Cara.nx bartholomae! jack , y e I I ow 8835280301 ca.ra.bart 569 A215 170110801 Ca.rapus bermudensis pear If ish 8792020101 cara.berm 462 Caranx crysos runner, blue 8835280306 caracrys 129 170110803 Ca.ranx hippos jack, crevalle 8835280303 carahipp 570 A217 Caranx latus jack, horse-eye 8835280304 caralatu 57 1 CARANG!DAE jacks 8835280000 carangid 582 170110000 Caranx ruber jack, bar 8835280308 cararube 572 Carcharhinus sp. shark, Carcharhinus 8708020500 care sp Carcharhinus acronotus shark, blacknose 8708020504 carcacro 354 107060201 Carcharhinus falciformis shark, s i I k y 8708020506 carcfalc 355 107060202 CMICHARH 1 N I DAE shark, requiem 8708020000 carcha.rh 361 Carcharhinus obscurus shark, dusky 8708020501 carcobsc 3 107060209 Carcharhinus p!umbeus sh.a.rk, sandbar 8708020503 carcplum 9 107060208 Cau!olati Ius sp. tileflsh, Caulolatilus 8835220100 caul sp 170070100 Caulolatl !us chrysops tilefish, go!dface 8835220105 caulchry 622 Caulotati Ius cyanops tlleflsh, b!ackllne 8835220102 c.aulcyan 562 Cau!ota.tilus microps tilefish, blue! ine 8835220104 caulmicr 621 Centropristis sp. sea bass, Centropristis 8835020300 cent sp 170024800 Centropristis fuscula. sea bass, twos pot 8835020302 cent fuse Centropristis ocyurus sea bass, bank 8835020304 centocyu 526 Al75 170024804 Centropristis phi ladelphica sea bass, rock 8835020305 centphi I 527 A176 170024805 Centropristis striata sea bass, b I ack 8835020301 centstri 141 A!77 170024806 Chaetodon sp. butterflyfish, Chaetodon 8835550100 chae sp 170260300 H I Scientific Name Common Name NODC Abbrev WH MAR MAP Pasca Clepticus parr a i wrasses, creole 8839010401 clepparr 674 170283201 ClUPEIDAE herrings 8747010000 c!upeida 30 121050000 Clupea harengus herring, Atlantic 8747010201 c!uphare 121050601 Conger 'P· ee I, conger, Conger 8741120100 cong 'P 143130500 Conger oceanlcus eel , conger 8741120101 congocea 63 143130501 CONGRIDAE ee Is, conger 8741120000 congrida 390 143130000 Cook eo Ius boops bull eye 8835170301 cookboop Corniger spinosus soldierfish, spiny cheek 8810080601 cornspin 477 Coryphopterus glaucofraenum goby, bridled 8847010205 coryglau Coryphaena hippurus dolphin 8835290101 coryhipp 170130202 Coryphopterus punctipectophorus goby, spotted 8847010209 corypunc Cryptotomus roseus parrot fish, b I ue I i p 8839030201 cryprose 684 170300601 Cyclopsetta flmbriata flounder, spot fin 8857030802 cyc!flmb 783 183010403 {Cyclopsetta sp. > cycl f imb 183010400 Cynoscion 'P· drum, CyJ,OScion 8835440100 cyno 'P 170200900 Cynoscion nebulosus seat rout, spotted 8835440102 cynonebu 645 A276 Cynosc!on no thus seat rout, s i I ve r 8835440103 cynonoth 646 Cynoscion regal is weakfish 8835440104 cynorega 145 A278 170200907 Scientific Name Common Name NODC Abbrev WH MAR MAP Pasca Epinephetus drummondhay! hind, speckled 8835020404 epindrum 532 170021205 Epinephe!us f t avo I i mb & t us grouper, ye I I owedge 8835020405 epinflav 533 Epinephetus futvus coney 8835020802 epinfulv Epinephelus guttatus hind, ced 8835020406 epingutt 534 170021208 Epinephetus morio grouper, ced 8835020408 epinmorl 535 170021211 Epinephelus nigritus grouper, warsaw 8835020410 epinnigr 536 Epinephelus niveatus grouper, snowy 88350204 1 1 epinnive 537 Equetus ;p. drum, Equetus 8835441200 eque ;p 170201100 Equetus lanceolatus jackknife-fish 8835441202 equela.nc 648 170201104 Etropus ;p. flounder, Etropus 8857030200 etro ;p 794 Etropus crossotus flounder, fringed 8857030201 etrocros 183010602 Etropus cyclosquamus flounder, shelf 8857030299 etrocycl 8278 Etropus microstomus flounder, smal !mouth 8857030202 etroml or 117 A409 183010605 Etropus rimosus flounder, gray 8857030204 etror imo A410 183010606 Etrumeus teres herring, round 8747010601 etrutere 31 121051602 Eucinostomus argenteus mojarra, spot fin 8835390101 euciarge 872 A255 Eucinostomus gu!a jenny, s i 1 v e r 8835390102 eucigula 599 170180303 Eupoma.centrus ;p. damsel fish, Eupoma. 8835620500 eupo 'P Eupomacentrus dorsopunicans damsel fish, dusky 8835620501 eupodors Eupomacentrus partitus damsel fish, bicolor 8835620506 eupopart Eupomacentrus planifrons damsel fish, threespot 8835620504 eupoplan Eupomacentrus variabilis damsel fish, cocoa 8835620505 eupovari 854 H Euthynnus alletteratus tunny, I i t t I e 8850030102 euthalle 743 170440201 I Evermann i chthys spongicota goby, sponge 8847011002 everspon \fi Fistularia ;p. cornetfish, Fistutaria 8819020100 fist ;p 151020100 Scientific Name Common Name NODC Abbrev WH MARMAP Pa.sca Haemulon aurol inea.tum tomtate 8835400101 haemauro 627 A258 170191003 Scientific Name Common Name NODC Abbrev WH MARMAP Pas ca. lagocepha.lus laevigatus puffer, smooth 8861010101 !a.golaev !95 189080501 lagodon rhomboides pinfish 8835430201 lagorhom 640 A271 170211601 Lar imus fasciatus drum, banded 8835440501 Jarifasc 65 I A2B3 170201604 Leiostomus xanlhurus spot 8835440401 leioxant 149 A284 170201"701 lepophidium sp. cusk - eel Lepophidium 8792010500 Jepo sp 170400200 lepophidium cervinum cusk-eel fawn 8792010503 lepocerv 194 Lepophidium jeannae cusk-eel mottled 8792010505 tepojean 457 letharohus velifer ee I , sa i I f in 8741130601 lethve/1 14315110! liopropoma eukrines bass, wrasse 8835021402 I iopeukr lophius sp. goosefish, lophius 8786010100 loph sp 195010200 lophius americanus goose fish 8786010101 top hamer 197 Lopholati Ius chamaeleonticeps tllefish 8835220201 Jophcham 170070200 lophiodes reticulatus goosefish, reticulate 8786010202 lophreti ( loph i i formes) Jophretl 900 Lutjanus ana I is snapper, mutton 8835360103 lutjanal 586 t 7015 1 I 01 lu t janus bucca.nella snapper, blackfin 8835360106 lutjbucc 588 170151106 lutjanus campechanus snapper, ced 8835360107 lutjc.a.mp 589 170151107 lutjanus cyanopterus snapper, cubera 8835360101 lutjcyan Lutjanus gr I seus snapper, gray 8835360102 Jutjgris 590 170151109 Lutjanus vlvanus snapper, s i l k 8835360113 !utjviva. 593 170151114 Lythrypnus sp. goby, Lythrypnus 8847012600 lyth sp Lythrypnus nesiotes goby, island 8847012602 lythnesi H Lythrypnus phorellus gob y, convict 8847012603 !ythphor I ...., Lythrypnus sp i I us goby, bluego!d 8847012604 lythspi I Macrorhamphosus scolopax snipeflsh, longspine 8819030101 macrscol 151030202 Mal acanthus plumier I tilefish, sand 8835220301 malaplum 624"' Menidia sp. si Ivers ide, Menidla 8805020300 men! 'P Menidia. men i d i a si Ivers ide, Atlantic 8805020302 menlmeni !13 Menticirrhus sp. kingfish, Menticirrhus 8835440600 ment sp 170201800 Menticlrrhus americanus kingflsh, southern 8835440601 men tamer 652 A285 170201801 Menticirrhus I i ttora/ is kingfish, gu I f 8835440602 mentlltt 170201803 Ment ici rrhus saxatilis kingfish, northern 8835440603 mentsaxa !46 A287 170201806 Mer!ucclus 'P· wh i t in g, Merluccius 8791040100 mer I sp 86 Merluccius bi I inearls hake, s i I ve r 8791040101 mer I b i 1 i 72 148041403 Microgobius carr i goby, Seminole 8847010703 micrcarr 8170 Micropogonias undulatus croaker, Atlantic 8835440701 mi crundu !36 A288 170201902 Mol a mol a sunfish, ocean 8861040101 molamo!a 265 Monacan thus sp. filefish, Monacan thus 8860020700 mona sp (Stepha.nolepis sp.) mona sp 189040300 Monacan thus clliatus fi lefish, fringed 8860020701 monacll i 836 A433 189040201 Monacan thus hispidus fi lefish, ptanehead 8860020703 monahisp 201 A434 189040204 Monolene sess it i cauda. flounder, deepwater 8857031204 monosess '' 0 Morone americanus perch, white 8835020101 moroamer Seienti1 ic Name Common Name NOOC Abbrev WH MAR MAP Pas ca. Muraena. retifera moray, reticulate 8741050502 muraret i Muraena robusta moray, stout 8741050504 murarobu Mustelus canis dogfish, smooth 8708020401 mustcani 13 A025 107090201 Mycteroperca 'P· "a bass, Mycteroperca 8835020500 myct 'P 170022100 Mycteroperca bonaci grouper, black 8835020502 myotbona 540 170022101 Mycteroperca interstitial is grouper, yellowmouth 8835020504 myctinte 524 170022103 CMycteroperca faJcata} myctinte 170022102 Mycteroperca microlepls gag 8835020501 myctmicr 541 170022104 MYCTOPHIDAE lanternfishes 8762140000 myctophi 56 Mycteroperca phenax scamp 8835020505 myctphen 542 170022105 Mycteroperca venenosa grouper, yellowfin 8835020506 myctvene 543 Myliobatis 'P· eagle ray, Mylioba.tis 8713070200 my I i 'P 1 10070300 Myliobatis freminvi I lei ray, bullnose 8713070201 mylifrem 1 g A057 110070301 Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus sculpin, longhorn 8831022209 myoxocto 163 Myrichthys acuminatus eel, sharptai I 8741130703 myrlacum Myripristis jacobus so!dierfish, blackbar 8810080201 myr i jaco 482 Narcine brasi I iensis ray, lesser electric 8713030401 narcbras 367 A041 1110 1020 1 Naucrates duct or pi!otfish 8835281501 naucduct 576 Neomerinthe hemingway! scorpionfish, spinycheek 8826010402 neomhemi 751 Nichols ina. usta parrott ish, emerald 8839030301 nlchust& 685 Ocyurus chrysurus snapper, yellowtai I 8835360401 ocyuchry 594 170151501 Odontaspis taurus t i ge r , sand 8707030101 odontaur H (Carchar ias taurus> odontaur 107080101 I C10 Ogcocephalus 'P· batfish, Ogcocephalus 8787040100 ogco 'P 195050200 OGCOCEPHALIDAE bat fishes 8787040000 ogcoceph 452 195050000 Ogcocepha!us corniger batfish, longnose 8787040109 ogcocorn 884 (Qgcocephalus vesperti I io) ogcocorn 206 Ogcocephalus nasutus bat fish, shortnose 8787040103 ogconasu 450 Ogcocepha.!us pa.rvus batfish, roughba.ck 8787040105 ogcoparv 451 195050206 Ogi I b I a. ca. yo rum brotula., key 8792012401 ogll cayo Ophidion 'P· cusk-eel, Ophidion 8792010600 ophi 'P OPHICHTHIOAE ee Is, snake 8741130000 ophichth 425 Ophichthus cruenti fer ee J , margined snake 8741131301 ophicrue 65 OPHIDI!DAE cusk-eets 8792010000 ophidi id 461 170400000 Ophichthus gomesi eel, s h r imp 874113100! ophigome 143150401 Oph I d ion gray! cusk-ee I, blotched 8792010602 ophigra.y 458 170400302 Ophldion holbrooki cusk-eel, bank 8792010603 ophiholb 459 A124 170400303 Ophiehthus ocellatus ee I , palespotted 8741131003 ophioce! 396 143150402 Ophldion selenops cusk-ee I, mooneye 8792010604 ophise!e A545 Ophidion wetshi cusk-ee I, crested 8792010605 ophiwels 460 Opisthonema og I Inurn herring, Atlantic thread 8747010701 opisogll 428 AOSS 121053002 Opistognathidae jawfishes 8840020000 opistogn A577 Opsanus 'P· toadfish, Ops. (offshore) 8783010200 opsa. 'P Scientific Name Common Name NODC Abbrev WH MARMAP Pasca (Pagrus sp. pagrpagr 170212300 Scientific Name Common Name NODC Abbrev WH MARMAP Pas ca. (~achycentron sp. rachcana 170100100 ~aja sp. skate, Raja 8713040100 raja sp 20 110040200 Raja. eglanteria. skate, clearnose 8713040113 rajaegla 24 A043 110040205 Raja garma.ni skate, rosette 8713040124 rajagarm 25 110040209 Remora sp. remora, Remora 8835270100 remo SIP 170090300 Remora remora remora 8835270103 remoremo 567 Rhinoptera bonasus ray, cownose 8713070301 rhinbona 270 110120101 Rhinobatos !entiginosus guitarfish, Atlantic 8713020101 rhlnlent A039 110010201 Scientific Name Common Name NOOC Abbrev WH MAR MAP Pas ca. Serranus baldwini bass, lantern 8835022303 serrbald 550 Serranus notospi Ius bass, sadd I e 8835022307 serrnoto 551 Serranus phoebe tattler 8835022308 serrphoe 552 170024208 Serranicu!us pumi t io sea bass, pygmy 8835022201 serrpuml 547 170025401 Serranus sub! igarius sandfish, belted 8835022309 serrsubl 553 Serranus tigrinus bass, harlequin 8835022311 serrtigr Sparisoma sp. parrotfish, Sparisoma 8839030400 spar sp 170301200 SPAR!DAE porgies 8835430000 sparldae 643 170210000 Sparisoma radians parrotfish, bucktooth 8839030404 sparradi 170301203 Sphoeroides sp. puffer, Sphoeroides 8861010200 spho sp 189080600 Sphoeroides dorsal is puffer, marbled 13861010205 sphodors 843 189080603 Sphoeroides maculatus puffer, northern 8861010201 sphornacu 196 A444 189080605 Sphoeroides nephelus puffer, southern 8861010208 sphoneph 844 Sphoeroides spengleri puffer, bandtai l 8861010211 sphospen 845 A552 189080610 Sphyraena barracuda barracuda, great 8837010104 sphybarr 693 Sphyraena boreal is sennet, northern 8837010102 sphybore 694 165030102 Sphyraena guachancho guaguanche 8837010103 sphyguac 695 A324 Sphyrna lewini hammerhead, scalloped 8708030103 sphy!ewi 362 107070102 SPHH!AEN I DAE barracudas 8837010000 sphyraen 620 165030100 Sphyrna sp. shark, hammerhead 8708030100 sphyrna Squalus sp. shark, dogfish, Squalus 8710010200 squa sp 1090t!500 Squa!us acanthias dogfish, spiny 8710010201 squaacan 15 A035 109011501 H Squatina dumerili shark, Atlantic angel 8711010102 squadume 16 109030100 I ,_. Starksia ocel lata b I enny, checkered 8842090602 starocel ,_. Stell i fer lanceolatus drum, star 8835441001 ste! lane 655 A291 170203900 Stenotomus sp. porgy, Stenotomus 8835430100 sten sp 170213400 Stenotomus caprlnus porgy, \ongspine 8835430102 stencapr 642 170213403 (Stenotomus aculeatus) stencapr A273 Stenotomus chrysops scup 8835430101 stenchry 143 170213404 STROMATEIOAE butter fishes 8851030000 stromate 750 Syacium sp. flounder, Syaclum 8857031300 syac sp 183011000 Syacium gunter! flounder, shoal 8857031301 syacgunt A565 Syacium micrurum flounder, channel 8857031302 syacmicr 792 183011002 Syacium papi I Josum flounder, dusky 8857031303 syacpapi 793 A418 183011003 Symphurus sp. tonguefish, Symphurus 8858020100 symp sp 221 Symphurus diornedianus tonguefish, spottedfin 8858020103 sympdiom 798 Symphurus ptagiusa tonguefish, blackcheek 8858020101 sympplag 825 A422 183050707 Symphurus urospi Ius tonguefish, spottail 8858020110 sympuros 827 Synagrops bellus bass, blackmouth 8835180601 synabe l I 114 170060701 Syngnathus hi ldebrandi pipefish, dwarf 88200201 12 synghi ld SYNGNATHIDAE pipefishes 8820020000 syngnath 42 I Synodus sp. lizardfish, Synodus 8762020100 syno sp 132010300 SYNODONT!DAE I i zardf I shes 8762020000 synodont 852 Synodus foetens lizardfish, inshore 8762020101 synofoet 435 A097 132010302 Synodus intermedius diver, sand 8762020102 synointe 436 A098 132010303 Synodus poeyi tizardfish, offshore 8762020104 synopoey 437 A5SB Synodus synodus lizardflsh, red 8762020106 synosyno 438 132010306 Tautoga onitis tau tog 8839010101 tautonit 177 A315 170282601 Appendix Scientific Name Common Name NOOC Abbrev WH MARMAP Pas ca. TETRAODONTIOAE puffers 8861010000 tetraodo 861 Thalassoma bifasciatum bluehead 8839011001 thalbifa Torpedo nobi I iana torpedo, Atlantic 8713030102 torpnobi 111010403 (Torpedo .sp. > torpnobi 111010400 Trachinotus carol inus pompano, Florida 8835280901 traccaro 579 Trachurus lathami scad, rough 8835280102 traclath 212 170113802 traclath 122-0BS Trachinocephafus myops snaked ish 8762020401 traomyop 439 A099 132010101 Tr iacardhus sp. spikefish, Tr iacanthus 8860010500 tria sp 189010100 Trichiurus lepturus cutlassfish, Atlantic 8850020201 triclept 126 A353 170460402 TR!GLIDAE searobins 8826020000 trig! ida 174 Upeneus parvus goatfish, dwarf 8835450402 upenparv 657 170220605 URANOSCOPIDAE stargazers 8840140000 uranscop 857 Urophycis sp. hake, Urophycis 8791031000 urop sp 148010100 Urophycis ea. r I I i hake, Carol ina 8791031006 uropearl 454 A 121 148010108 Urophycis floridana hake, southern 8791031007 uropflor 455 148010103 Urophycis regia hake, spotted 8791031002 uropregi 78 A123 148010105 Urophycis tenuis hake, white 8791031003 uroptenu 148010106 Zenopsis conchifera dory, buckler 881 t 030202 zenoconc (Zenopsis ocella.ta> zenoconc 162010202 Serranus atrobranchus bass, blackear 8835022302 serratro Hal ichoeres sp. wrasse, Ha I i choeres 8839010700 ha I i sp H I N"""' Appendix J. Test site stations (raw data). Codes used in the repott for gear, operation, and vessel are isted below. Definitiofl. Original Source CD dredge, clam CD Pas OS diving station OS NC FN flynet 40154 30 BlM - Duke FT traw!, fish FT Pas FTS8 trawl, 40/60 semi-balloon 75 MARMAP trawl, 40/60 semi-balloor, OTB BLM - Duke GN g I I I net GN Pas HL handline HL Pas hook&! i ne 90 BLM - Duke HYD bathythermograph or STD BG Pas hydro 1 surface 299 BLM -· Duke hydro, standard Niskin 300 BLM - Duke L L iOrrgl ine L L NC, Pas longline 70 BLM - Duke ML mi see I I aneous ML Pas MT t ravvi, mi dwater MT NC 1 Pas NLT night lite l.T Pas PHE came r a i' Edger ton s t i I 498 BLM - Duke PN plankton tHEd PN Pas RF recording fathometer PF Pas SR snapper reel SR NC snapper reel 43 MARMAP sr trawl, shrimp ST NC, Pas TD dredge, tumbler TO NC, Pas TN trynet TN NC TR tra_p, f~sh TR NC, Pas TRA trap, Antillean, baited 80 BLM - Duke TRB trap, blackf~sh, baited 53 MAR MAP TRFA tra.pt Florida ~"Antillean" 74 MAR MAP YT35 tra.w!, 3/4· Yanl.t.ee 22 MAR MAP YT36 trawl #36 Yankee 4 \IIH trawl 136 Yankee 8 WH trawl #36 Yankee 1 0 WH trawl 136 Yankee 1 1 WH trawl, #36 Yankee 12 WH trawl 136 Yankee 4 1 WH YT41 trawl #41 Yankee FT NC Operation Codes (QQJ!Ll .\{J!t!UL" I C o d e s ( V ) _<;;J;L_ .Q...;;uu_a t i on D all_~o u_r c e kL Vesse I or Source F gear fouled Pascagoula (NMFSl A Albatross IV G bag untied Pascagoula v Station Cru Mo Da Yr Grid Lat Long Dpth SIT B/T Gear Gr/Sze Oper Time Our Fish Wt End/Lat End/Long Ha.b/Type (fm) (C) (C) (min) (kg) 02 1005901 10 9 9 78 3427 7726 6 28 27 YT36 0 10 0 so 0 0 s 02 1005902 10 9 9 78 3409 7749 4 28 27 YT36 0 15 0 277 0 0 s 02 1006001 10 9 9 78 3413 7735 9 28 27 YT36 0 12 0 43 0 0 s D2 1006002 10 9 9 78 3359 7753 4 27 27 YT36 0 17 0 235 0 0 s D2 1006004 10 9 9 78 3413 7744 7 28 27 YT36 0 13 0 269 0 0 s D2 1006102 10 9 10 78 3358 7734 10 27 25 YT36 0 19 0 106 0 0 R 02 1006303 10 9 9 78 3341 7750 7 28 27 YT36 0 21 0 84 0 0 s D2 1006305 10 9 9 78 3353 7749 8 27 25 YT36 0 19 0 141 0 0 s 02 1006306 10 9 9 78 3331 7746 11 27 27 YT36 0 23 0 7 0 0 s 02 1006403 10 9 10 78 3346 7734 14 27 27 YT36 0 17 0 56 0 0 R 02 1006404 10 9 10 78 3336 7736 13 28 28 YT36 0 15 0 16 0 0 s 02 1006405 10 9 10 78 3323 7734 12 28 25 YT36 0 13 0 0 0 0 s AT 15205902 152 11 20 72 3419 7741 5 16 16 YT36 0 18 0 30 0 0 s AT 15206001 152 11 21 72 3421 7729 8 16 16 YT36 0 3 0 52 0 0 s AT 15206002 152 11 20 72 3408 7735 1 1 18 18 YT36 0 22 0 202 0 0 R AT 15206003 152 It 20 72 3404 7743 8 17 17 YT36 0 21 0 29 0 0 s AT 15206004 152 12 3 72 3358 7751 7 13 14 YT36 0 22 0 21 0 0 s AT 15206302 152 1128 72 3334 7744 8 16 16 YT36 0 5 0 25 0 0 s D2 18006001 180 3 22 80 3408 7743 9 10 10 YT36 0 6 0 0 0 0 s 02 18006002 180 3 22 80 3418 7732 8 10 10 YT36 0 0 '-< 3 0 0 s I 02 18006003 180 3 22 80 3417 7740 8 10 10 YT36 0 5 0 1 0 0 s N 02 18006101 180 3 22 80 3403 7726 13 1 1 1 I YT36 0 11 0 153 0 0 s 02 18006104 180 3 22 80 3359 7725 !3 1 1 1 1 YT36 0 13 0 23 0 0 s 02 18006303 180 3 22 80 3356 7749 7 10 10 YT36 0 8 0 8 0 0 s 02 18006401 180 3 22 80 3324 7740 14 15 15 YT36 0 19 0 29 0 0 s 02 18006402 180 3 22 80 3330 7742 j 1 15 16 YT36 0 2 1 0 237 0 0 s 02 18006403 180 3 22 80 3337 7733 14 14 14 YT36 0 17 0 35 0 0 R 02 28005801 280 3 23 80 3326 7750 15 15 15 YT36 0 11 0 8 0 0 s 02 28005803 280 3 24 80 3317 7725 20 20 20 YT36 0 2 0 7 0 0 s 02 28005902 280 3 24 80 3310 7729 50 20 18 YT36 0 0 19 0 0 s 02 28006001 280 3 23 80 3256 7750 85 20 15 YT36 0 2 1 0 18 0 0 s 02 28006002 280 3 23 80 3305 7740 66 20 17 YT36 0 23 0 0 0 s 02 28105801 281 3 25 81 3308 7744 32 17 15 YT36 0 0 0 8 0 0 s 02 28105802 281 3 24 81 3316 7739 21 16 14 YT36 0 23 0 10 0 0 s 02 28105803 28 1 3 24 81 3321 7745 16 14 13 YT36 0 22 0 5 0 0 s 02 28105902 281 3 25 81 3305 7747 56 17 15 YT36 0 1 0 0 0 s 02 28106001 281 3 25 8 1 3308 7730 67 18 16 YT36 0 9 0 0 0 s 02 28106002 28 1 3 25 81 3258 7747 91 18 16 YT36 0 3 0 59 0 0 s 02 28107701 281 3 25 81 3254 7751 106 21 13 YT36 0 5 0 9 0 0 s AD 28405901 284 4 13 74 3422 7737 5 16 16 YT36 0 9 0 15 0 0 s AD 28406001 284 4 13 74 3416 7733 8 16 16 YT36 0 7 0 40 0 0 R AD 28406!01 284 4 13 74 3404 7735 11 16 16 YT36 0 0 0 129 0 0 AD 28406202 284 4 12 74 3337 7750 5 16 16 YT36 0 20 0 0 0 0 "s 02 37206102 372 10 29 72 3356 7727 14 2 1 22 YT36 0 22 0 126 0 0 R 02 37206103 372 10 30 72 3356 7733 13 21 22 YT36 0 0 97 0 0 R 02 37206401 372 10 30 72 3343 7735 16 2 I 22 YT36 0 3 0 4 1 0 0 R 02 37206402 372 10 30 72 3345 7723 15 23 23 YT36 0 5 0 139 0 0 R Appendix J. (Continued) v Station Cru Mo Da Yr Grid Lat long Dpth S/T BIT Gear Gr/Sze Oper Time Our Fish Wt End/Lat End/Long Ha.b/Type Cfm) (C) (C) (min) (kg) 02 37206403 372 10 30 72 3326 7739 13 24 24 YT36 0 14 0 33 0 0 s 02 37905802 379 7 29 79 3317 7735 20 28 22 YT36 0 2 0 118 0 0 R 02 37905803 379 7 29 79 3314 7731 22 28 21 YT36 0 3 0 2 0 0 s 02 37905902 379 7 29 79 3307 7742 39 28 18 YT36 0 5 0 506 0 0 R 02 38106001 381 3 22 81 3411 7732 11 11 1 1 YT36 0 12 0 85 0 0 s 02 38106003 381 3 22 81 3418 7730 10 10 10 YT36 0 10 0 39 0 0 s 02 38106104 381 3 22 81 3405 7732 12 t2 11 YT36 0 13 0 14 0 0 s AT 3830590 I 383 10 21 73 3417 7742 5 21 22 YT36 0 4 0 5 0 0 s AT 38305902 383 10 21 73 3411 7748 5 22 21 YT36 0 6 0 281 0 0 s AT 38306002 383 10 21 73 3421 7731 9 22 22 YT36 0 0 39 0 0 R AT 38306003 383 10 21 73 3358 7742 10 23 22 YT36 0 9 0 7 0 0 R AT 38306004 383 10 21 73 3409 7741 9 23 23 YT36 0 12 0 1 0 0 R AT 38306103 383 10 21 73 3411 7727 13 23 23 YT36 0 13 0 23 0 0 R AT 38306104 383 10 21 73 3402 7729 13 24 24 YT36 0 18 0 4 0 0 R 02 47806001 478 7 31 78 3416 7729 8 28 27 YT36 0 2 0 4 0 0 s 02 47806002 478 7 30 78 3357 7745 8 28 25 YT36 0 21 0 91 0 0 s 02 47806004 478 7 31 78 3411 7741 5 28 27 YT36 0 12 0 32 0 0 s 02 47806104 478 7 30 78 3359 7735 9 28 25 YT36 0 22 0 93 0 0 R 02 47806301 478 7 30 78 3332 7734 10 28 25 YT-36 0 15 0 55 0 0 s ~ 02 47806302 478 7 30 78 3347 7750 7 28 26 YT36 0 19 0 84 0 0 s I 02 47806306 478 7 30 78 3335 7746 5 28 25 YT36 0 13 0 0 0 s Woz 47806402 478 7 30 78 3348 7731 14 28 23 YT36 0 17 0 57 0 0 s 02 48005902 480 7 15 80 3400 7752 6 28 27 YT36 0 23 0 47 0 0 s 02 48006002 480 7 15 80 3407 7744 8 27 25 YT36 0 22 0 146 0 0 s 02 48006003 480 7 15 80 3423 7734 7 28 27 YT36 0 19 0 202 0 0 s 02 48006102 480 7 16 80 3351 7724 14 27 24 YT36 0 6 0 138 0 0 s 02 48006103 480 7 16 80 3354 7726 14 27 0 YT36 0 5 0 40 0 0 R 02 48006401 480 7 16 80 3326 7738 12 28 24 YT36 0 14 0 100 0 0 R 02 48006402 480 7 16 80 3324 7739 13 28 24 YT36 0 12 0 213 0 0 R 02 48006403 480 7 16 80 3329 7728 14 29 24 YT36 0 10 0 11 0 0 R 02 48006404 480 7 16 80 3334 7734 14 28 25 YT36 0 9 0 215 0 0 R 02 57905901 579 7 31 79 3414 7744 7 28 0 YT36 0 23 0 62 0 0 s 02 57906002 579 7 31 79 3419 7728 8 27 25 YT36 0 2 1 0 14 0 0 R 02 57906003 579 8 1 79 3405 7742 9 27 26 YT36 0 0 0 72 0 0 R 02 57906102 579 7 29 79 3357 7724 15 28 24 YT36 0 23 0 50 0 0 R 02 57906301 579 7 29 79 3341 7748 7 30 29 YT36 0 20 0 111 0 0 s 02 57906302 579 7 29 79 3335 7740 5 28 27 YT36 0 19 0 18 0 0 s 02 57906401 579 7 29 79 3324 7725 13 28 24 YT36 0 0 0 5 0 0 s 02 58005801 580 7 17 80 3309 7745 25 28 22 YT36 0 12 0 3 0 0 s 02 58005$04 580 7 17 80 3313 7743 19 29 23 YT36 0 14 0 0 0 0 s 02 67805802 678 7 29 78 3307 7749 22 28 18 YT36 0 16 0 0 0 0 s 02 67805901 678 7 29 78 3311 7724 35 za ta YT36 0 13 0 20 0 0 R 02 68005902 680 9 22 80 3359 7752 6 28 27 YT36 0 20 0 174 0 0 s 02 68006001 680 9 22 80 3411 7741 8 27 27 YT36 0 17 0 82 0 0 s 02 68006002 680 9 22 80 3358 7743 8 28 27 YT36 0 15 0 135 0 0 R 02 68006003 680 9 22 80 3408 7745 9 27 27 YT36 0 18 0 134 0 0 s 02 68006101 680 9 22 eo 3351 7724 14 27 26 YT36 0 10 0 101 0 0 R Appendix J. v Station Cru Mo Da Yr Grid Lat Long Dpth 5/T BIT Gear Gr/Sze Oper Time Our Fish Wt End/lat End/long Hab/Type (fm) CC> (C) (min) (kg) 02 68006103 680 9 22 so 3404 7738 11 28 27 YT36 0 16 0 44 0 0 s 02 68006104 680 9 22 80 3356 7781 13 27 26 YT36 0 13 0 154 0 0 02 68006401 680 9 23 80 3331 7745 12 27 23 YT36 0 5 0 98 0 0 "s 02 68006402 680 9 23 80 3327 7729 12 27 26 YT36 0 2 0 230 0 0 02 79605901 796 9 1 g 79 3419 7739 7 26 25 YT36 0 12 0 224 0 0 "s 02 79605902 796 9 19 79 3414 7745 7 25 25 YT36 0 11 0 199 0 0 s 02 79606001 796 9 19 79 3413 7731 11 26 26 YT36 0 15 0 70 0 0 s 02 79606002 796 9 19 79 3403 7743 7 26 26 YT36 0 9 0 81 0 0 s 02 79606003 796 9 19 79 3417 7731 9 26 25 YT36 0 14 0 10 0 0 s 02 79606103 796 9 19 79 3355 7732 11 27 26 YT36 0 7 0 108 0 0 02 79606104 796 9 19 79 3403 7723 15 27 26 YT36 0 17 0 72 0 0 " 02 79606401 796 9 19 79 3332 7729 14 26 26 YT36 0 0 0 69 0 0 " 02 79606402 796 9 19 79 3347 7723 16 26 27 YT36 0 6 0 45 0 0 " 02 79606404 796 9 18 79 3328 7751 13 26 26 YT36 0 22 0 10 0 0 "s 02 79705802 797 9 17 79 3318 7731 19 27 27 YT36 0 14 0 3 0 0 02 79705901 797 9 17 79 3306 7745 48 26 20 YT36 0 23 0 30 0 0 s" 02 79706002 797 9 18 79 3258 7753 68 25 17 YT36 0 0 2 0 0 s 02 79707703 797 9 17 79 3257 7744 102 26 23 YT36 0 22 0 7 0 0 s 02 88005801 880 9 22 so 3342 7729 14 27 25 YT36 0 9 0 184 0 0 y 02 88005803 880 9 23 80 3321 7753 15 28 25 YT36 0 17 0 12 0 0 s" 1 02 88005804 880 9 23 SO 3311 7735 24 28 24 YT36 0 19 0 13 0 0 s ~ 02 88005901 880 9 23 80 3303 7751 40 28 20 YT36 0 22 0 4 0 0 s 02 881675902 8816 9 20 81 3428 7728 7 25 25 YT36 0 5 0 73 0 0 s 02 881676001 8816 9 20 81 3411 7739 9 25 25 YT36 0 15 0 36 0 0 s 02 881676002 8816 9 20 81 3358 7747 9 25 26 YT36 0 17 0 85 0 0 s 02 881676102 8816 9 20 81 3356 7741 11 26 26 YT36 0 18 0 180 0 0 R 02 881676103 8816 9 20 81 3354 7723 16 26 26 YT36 0 20 0 103 0 0 R 02 881676302 8816 9 21 81 3346 7748 8 25 25 YT36 0 1 0 1 10 0 0 s 02 881676401 8816 9 20 81 3346 7730 16 26 26 YT36 0 23 0 92 0 0 02 881676403 8816 9 22 81 3327 7724 16 27 26 YT36 0 14 0 30 0 0 "R 02 881685802 8816 9 22 81 3312 7732 26 28 24 YT36 0 8 0 0 0 0 s 02 881686001 8816 9 22 81 3305 7738 73 28 16 YT36 0 6 0 4 0 0 s 02 820276002 8202 3 16 82 3421 7724 9 12 11 YT36 0 9 0 42 0 0 02 820276102 8202 3 15 82 3406 7728 12 14 11 YT36 0 18 0 7 0 0 " 02 820276103 8202 3 15 82 3354 7724 15 14 15 YT36 0 16 0 93 0 0 "R 02 820276302 8202 3 15 82 3348 7747 10 13 11 YT36 0 11 0 47 0 0 s 02 820276303 8202 3 15 82 3331 7737 7 17 17 YT36 0 6 0 97 0 0 02 820276401 8202 3 15 82 3338 7740 12 13 13 YT36 0 9 0 126 0 0 " 02 820276403 8202 3 15 82 3347 7733 16 13 12 YT36 0 12 0 6 0 0 "s 02 820276404 8202 3 15 82 3328 7740 13 17 17 YT36 0 5 0 60 0 0 s 02 820285802 8202 3 14 82 3309 7744 28 19 17 YT36 0 6 0 48 0 0 s 02 820285803 8202 3 14 82 3313 7753 19 18 15 YT36 0 17 0 221 0 0 02 820285902 8202 3 13 82 3310 7727 58 22 14 YT36 0 2 1 0 20 0 0 "s 02 820286002 8202 3 14 82 3305 7743 63 20 15 YT36 0 5 0 8 0 0 s A 82067590 I 8206 10 18 82 3412 7743 6 26 25 YT36 0 3 0 155 0 0 s A 820676001 8206 10 18 82 3416 7740 5 26 25 YT36 0 2 0 169 0 0 s A 820676002 8206 10 18 82 3421 7725 7 26 25 YT36 0 0 0 116 0 0 s Appendix J. v Station Cru Mo Da Yr Grid Lat Long Dpth SIT BIT Gear Gr/Sze Oper Time Our Fish Wt End/Lat End/long Hab/Type (fm> (C) (C) (min) Ckg> A 820676102 s2o6 to te a2 3401 7727 11 27 26 YT36 0 6 0 26 0 0 R A 820676104 8206 10 18 82 3407 7730 10 26 26 YT36 0 5 0 9 1 0 0 R A 820676201 8206 10 18 82 3351 7751 6 26 26 YT36 0 9 0 105 0 0 s A 820676303 8206 10 18 82 3343 7751 5 26 26 YT36 0 10 0 3 17 0 0 R A 820676304 8206 10 18 82 3337 7745 7 26 26 YT36 0 12 0 42 0 0 s A 820676402 8206 10 18 82 3336 7735 10 27 27 YT36 0 13 0 27 0 0 R A 820685803 8206 10 18 82 3320 7734 13 27 27 YT36 0 16 0 12 0 0 R A 820685805 8206 10 1 g 82 3311 7748 19 27 26 YT36 0 10 0 52 0 0 s A 82068600 t 8206 10 19 82 3308 -7725 65 28 15 YT36 0 23 0 0 0 s A 830375901 8303 10 14 83 3426 7727 7 13 !4 YT36 0 18 0 30 0 0 s A 830375902 8303 10 14 83 3424 7732 7 13 13 YT36 0 17 0 80 0 0 s A 830376002 8303 10 14 83 3357 7745 10 13 13 YT36 0 3 0 10 0 0 s A 830376003 8303 10 14 83 3409 7732 9 13 14 YT36 0 5 0 53 0 0 s A 830376101 8303 10 14 83 3401 7731 13 14 15 YT36 0 8 0 73 0 0 R A 830376103 8303 10 14 83 3407 7729 12 15 15 YT36 0 6 0 54 0 0 R A 830376401 8303 10 14 83 3351 7740 12 14 14 YT36 0 2 0 55 0 0 R A 830376402 8303 10 13 83 3331 7728 16 14 14 YT36 0 18 0 188 0 0 R A 830376403 8303 to 13 83 3345 7725 17 16 16 YT36 0 23 0 145 0 0 R A 830376404 8303 10 13 83 3327 7738 13 14 13 YT36 0 17 0 44 0 0 R A 830385801 8303 10 13 83 3323 7746 17 15 15 YT36 0 15 0 19 0 0 L; s I A 830385901 8303 10 13 83 3305 7747 39 20 16 YT36 0 12 0 236 0 0 R ln A 830385902 8303 10 13 83 3312 7723 39 22 18 YT36 0 9 0 46 0 0 R A 830676005 8306 10 17 83 3419 7739 7 27 27 YT36 0 7 0 528 0 0 s A 830676102 8306 10 17 83 3405 7725 14 27 27 YT36 0 13 0 34 0 0 R A 830676103 8306 10 17 83 3358 7725 15 28 27 YT36 0 15 0 6 0 0 R A 830676305 8306 10 17 83 3347 7751 7 26 26 YT36 0 20 0 145 0 0 s A 830676401 8306 10 17 83 3340 7732 14 27 27 YT36 0 22 0 58 0 0 s A 830676402 8306 10 17 83 3348 7726 16 28 27 YT36 0 16 0 32 0 0 R A 830676403 8306 10 17 83 3347 7741 13 28 27 YT36 0 18 0 90 0 0 s A 830685801 8306 10 18 83 3308 7741 28 29 25 YT36 0 15 0 3 0 0 s A 830685805 8306 10 18 83 3316 7746 19 28 26 YT36 0 14 0 6 0 0 R A 830685902 8306 10 18 83 3303 7749 59 29 21 YT36 0 18 0 0 0 s A 830686001 8306 10 18 83 3305 7736 72 29 16 YT36 0 17 0 0 0 0 s A 830686002 8306 10 18 83 3303 7747 65 28 19 YT36 0 20 0 2 0 0 s A 830686003 8306 10 18 83 3258 7750 78 28 17 YT36 0 21 0 2 0 0 s A 840275901 8402 3 6 84 3423 7732 7 11 1 I YT36 0 11 0 15 0 0 s A 840275902 8402 3 6 84 34117743 7 11 YT36 0 9 0 9 0 0 s A 840276002 8402 3 6 84 3422 7723 10 " 13 YT36 0 13 0 47 0 0 s A 840276003 8402 3 6 84 3400 7750 8 " 1 1 YT36 0 8 0 50 0 0 s A 840276103 8402 3 5 84 3357 7731 13 13" 12 YT36 0 22 0 46 0 0 R A 840276104 8402 3 5 84 3350 7730 16 16 16 YT36 0 20 0 163 0 0 R 0 4975 93 7 31 64 2 3307 7736 105 27 0 LL 30 19 491 399 0 0 • 0 6756 119 6 28 67 2 3342 7729 16 26 0 PN 0 13 15 0 0 0 • 0 6757 119 6 28 67 2 3352 7738 14 26 0 PN 0 15 15 0 0 0 • 0 6758 119 6 28 67 2 3402 7748 8 24 0 PN 0 17 15 0 0 0 • 0 6759 119 6 28 67 2 3411 7740 8 24 0 PN 0 19 15 0 0 0 • 0 6760 1 19 6 28 67 2 3417 7731 9 24 0 PN 0 21 15 0 0 0 • App-endix J (Cordinued) v Station Cru Mo Da Yr Grld lat Long Dpth SIT BIT Gear Gr/Sze Oper Tlme Our Fish Wt End!Lat End/long Hab/Type Cfm) (C) (C) Cmln) (kg) 0 6764 119 6 29 67 2 3359 7723 t 4 26 0 PN 0 4 15 0 0 0 • 0 6765 119 62967 2 3347 7731 15 26 0 PN 0 6 15 0 0 0 • 0 6766 119 62967 2 3336 7740 6 26 0 PN 0 7 15 0 0 0 • 0 6767 119 62967 2 3332 7753 13 25 0 PN 0 9 15 0 0 0 • 0 7609 125 1 14 68 2 342 1 7738 7 13 0 RF 0 24 0 0 0 0 • 0 761 1 125 1 15 68 2 3327 7734 13 18 0 RF 0 14 0 0 0 0 • 0 7612 125 15 1 68 2 3312 7751 20 22 0 RF 0 19 0 0 0 0 • 0 7860 127 3 15 68 2 3421 7738 a 9 9 RF 0 9 0 0 0 0 • 0 7862 127 3 15 68 2 3328 7734 12 17 16 RF 0 18 0 0 0 0 • 0 7863 127 3 15 68 2 3312 7751 20 16 14 RF 0 21 0 0 0 0 • 0 8097 129 5 16 68 2 3421 7737 7 21 20 RF 0 a 0 0 0 0 • 0 8099 129 5 16 68 2 3328 7734 9 23 23 RF 0 18 0 0 0 0 • 0 8100 129 5 16 68 2 3312 7751 20 23 22 RF 0 21 0 0 0 0 • 0 8308 131 7 19 68 2 3420 7738 7 27 26 RF 0 13 0 0 0 0 • 0 8310 131 7 20 68 2 3328 7734 11 27 20 RF 0 1 0 0 0 0 • 0 8311 131 7 20 68 2 3312 7751 20 27 19 RF 0 5 0 0 0 0 • 0 8440 133 91168 2 3421 7738 7 24 25 RF 0 23 0 0 0 0 • 0 8442 133 9 12 68 2 3328 7734 1 I 27 27 RF 0 7 0 0 0 0 • 0 8443 133 9 12 68 2 3313 7751 19 28 22 RF 0 10 0 0 0 0 • 0 8582 135 11 s 68 2 3421 7738 8 19 19 RF 0 21 0 0 0 0 <...; 0 8584 135 11 9 68 • I 2 3328 7734 10 22 22 RF 0 5 0 0 0 0 • a-, 0 8585 13511 9 68 2 3312 7751 21 24 23 RF 0 0 0 0 0 • s 181204 18 9 1 59 2 3328 7725 16 30 0 ST 86 19• 60 113 0 0 R s 181208 18 9 2 59 2 3332 7731 14 30 0 ST 50 11 60 104 0 0 R s 181209 18 9 2 59 2 3341 7741 I 2 30 0 ST 50 13 60 181 0 0 R s 18 1210 18 9 2 59 2 3348 7750 a 3o 0 ST 50 15 60 68 0 0 R s 1812 11 18 9 2 59 2 3355 7753 6 30 0 ST 50 17 60 95 0 0 s s 18 12 12 18 9 2 59 2 3404 7751 6 30 0 ST 50 19 90 227 0 0 s s 1812 13 18 9 2 59 2 3407 7747 a 3o 0 ST 50 21 90 145 0 0 s s 1812 t 4 18 9 3 59 2 3402 7735 11 30 0 ST 50 5 60 77 0 0 s s 181225 18 9 4 59 2 3409 7724 t 2 30 0 ST a6 M 15 135 9 0 0 s s 1 a 1226 18 9 4 59 2 3417 7734 8 29 0 ST a6 18 60 295 0 0 s s 181227 18 9 4 59 2 3421 7735 • 29 0 ST a6 M 20 60 0 0 0 s s 191337 19101759 2 3326 7753 16 0 0 ST 64 19 60 0 0 0 s s 19 1338 19101759 2 3324 7739 13 0 0 ST 64 21 60 272 0 0 s s 19 1339 19101859 2 3323 7735 16 25 0 NlT 0 0 120 0 0 0 • s 19 1340 19101859 2 3309 7736 28 0 0 ST 64 4 120 4 0 0 s s 19 134 I 19101859 2 3308 7736 45 0 o ST 64 7 60 4 0 0 s s I 9 1342 19101859 2 3305 7747 51 0 0 ST 64 10 60 32 0 0 s s 201508 20 12 9 59 2 3349 7727 18 19 0 ST 60 14 90 912 0 0 R s 201509 20 12 9 59 2 3358 7725 14 17 0 ST 60 M 18 10 68 0 0 s s 221663 22 2 26 60 2 3420 7723 9 8 0 ST 4 1 19 60 4 0 0 s s 221664 22 2 26 60 2 3419 7735 7 7 0 ST 41 21 60 0 0 0 s s 221665 22 2 27 60 2 3409 7743 7 8 0 ST 41 0 60 14 0 0 s s 221666 22 2 27 60 2 3358 7751 6 8 0 ST 41 2 60 36 0 0 s s 221667 22 2 27 60 2 3345 7752 5 8 0 ST 4 1 4 60 122 0 0 s s 221668 22 2 27 60 2 3337 7740 7 9 12 ST 41 w 7 60 0 0 0 s Append r ); J. (ContitHHad) v Station Cru Mo Da Yr Grid Lat Long Opth SIT BIT Gear GriSze Oper Time Our Fish Wt End/Lat End/Long Hab/Type (fm) (C) (C) Cmfn) Ckg) s 2.21669 22 2 27 60 2 3326 7732 12 1 t 0 ST 41 9 60 77 0 0 s s 22.1672 22 2 27 60 2 3311 7731 31 t 7 0 ST 4 I t 9 60 so 0 0 s s 221673 22 2 27 60 2 3315 7741 19 16 0 ST 41 2 t 60 50 0 0 s s 221674 22 2 28 60 2 3322 7753 16 14 0 ST 4 1 0 60 36 0 0 s s 22 1691 22 2 28 60 2 3323 7730 16 13 0 ST 41 20 60 t 8 0 0 s s 221739 22 3 7 60 2 3257 7748 101 17 0 ST 4 I t 5 90 t 8 0 0 s s 252157 25 7 16 60 2 3316 7739 20 27 0 FT 60 6 60 t 8 0 0 s s 252223 25 7 25 60 2 3420 7735 7 28 0 ST 41 20 60 27 0 0 s s 252224 25 7 25 60 2 3412 7744 6 28 0 ST 41 23 76 45 0 0 s s 252225 25 7 26 60 2 3400 7750 6 28 0 ST 4 t t 60 64 0 0 s s 252226 25 7 26 60 2 3345 77·50 6 28 0 ST 4 t 4 60 0 0 0 s s 252227 25 7 26 60 2 3344 7751 6 28 0 CD 0 s 30 0 0 0 • s 252228 25 7 26 60 2 3343 7750 6 28 0 co 0 6 16 0 0 0 • s 272537 27 12 5 60 2 3308 7746 35 23 0 FT so t 3 60 1007 0 0 R s 272538 27 12 5 60 2 3307 7740 48 24 0 FT so I 5 60 14 0 0 R s 272539 27 12 5 60 2 3304 7734 tOO 24 0 TO 6 t 8 30 0 0 0 • s 272545 27 12 6 60 2 3313 7726 27 25 0 FT so 17 60 14 0 0 s s 272546 27 12 6 60 2 3311 7726 27 25 0 NLT 0 18 ISO 0 0 0 • s 272547 27 12 7 60 2 3311 7726 42 25 0 TO 6 7 35 0 0 0 • '-; s 323331 32 8 13 6 1 2 3309 7736 so 0 0 FT so 19 60 23 0 0 s I s 323332 32 8 14 61 2 3332 7732 18 0 0 NL T 0 0 60 0 0 0 • " s 323344 32 8 t 6 61 2 3355 7737 12 0 0 TO 8 18 75 0 0 0 • s 323345 32 8 j 6 6 1 2 3359 7744 s 0 0 TO 8 19 18 23 0 0 • s 323346 32 8 16 6 t 2 3349 7744 10 0 0 TO 8 20 I 5 0 0 0 • s 323347 32 8 17 61 2 332 1 7740 13 0 27 FT 50 8 90 t 22 0 0 R s 323348 32 8 17 6 1 2 3321 7741 13 0 0 FT so 11 95 726 0 0 R s 323349 32 8 17 61 2 3320 7740 14 0 0 FT 80 F 16 120 463 0 0 R s 353647 35 12 1 I 61 2 3321 7740 15 18 0 FT 80 M 7 75 109 0 0 R s 353648 35121161 2 3320 7741 16 19 2 1 FT 80 t 3 90 354 0 0 R s 353649 35 12 11 6 1 2 3317 7746 18 20 0 FT 80 16 90 467 0 0 R s 353650 35121261 2 3316 7751 1 B 17 0 FT 80 6 107 671 0 0 R s 404165 40 7 22 62 2 3339 7738 10 26 0 FT eo 8 90 0 0 0 R s 404166 40 7 22 62 2 3339 7738 9 26 0 FT 80 to 60 0 0 0 R s 404167 40 7 22 62 2 3339 7725 14 28 26 FT 80 12 60 499 0 0 R s 404168 40 7 22 62 2 3342 7724 15 26 25 FT 80 t 5 64 250 0 0 R s 404172 40 7 24 62 2 3409 7741 9 26 28 FT 80 6 60 36 0 0 s s 404173 40 7 24 62 2 3406 7732 1126 OFT 80 9 60 680 0 0 R s 404174 40 7 24 62 2 3407 7731 1 I 27 0 FT 80 I 0 90 975 0 0 R s 404178 40 7 27 62 2 3416 7726 11 0 26 FT 80 z 11 33 159 0 0 R s 404179 40 7 27 62 2 3358 7740 9 26 0 FT 70 t 8 60 3S4 0 0 R s 404180 40 7 28 62 2 3406 7732 I I 0 0 TR 0 22 830 0 0 0 s 404 181 40 7 28 62 2 3322 7741 14 26 24 FT 70 t 3 60 408 0 0 •R s 404182 40 7 28 62 2 3321 7740 14 26 0 TR 0 1 s 200 59 0 0 s 404183 40 7 28 62 2 3321 7740 15 26 0 FT 70 z 16 60 32 0 0 R* s 404184 40 7 28 62 2 3321 7740 14 0 0 TR 0 M t 8 620 4 0 0 • s 404185 40 7 28 62 2 3321 7740 14 0 0 Hl 0 19 630 132 0 0 • s 404186 40 7 31 62 2 3334 7728 IS 0 25 TR 0 19 45 36 0 0 • Appendix J. (Continued) v Station Cru Mo Da Yr Grid Lat Long Dpth S/T BIT Gear Gr/Sze Oper Time Our Fish Wt End/Lat End/Long Hab/Type ( fm) CC> (C) (min) (kg) s 404187 40 7 31 6 2 2 3334 7728 15 24 0 TR 0 20 680 32 0 0 • s 404188 40 s 1 62 2 3334 7728 14 26 0 TR 0 8 110 4 0 0 • s 404189 40 8 1 6 2 2 3334 7728 14 26 0 FT 70 8 60 204 0 0 R s 404190 40 s 1 62 2 3339 7732 13 27 25 TR 0 11 118 18 0 0 • s 404 191 40 8 1 62 2 3339 7732 14 31 25 FT 70 1 I 60 136 0 0 s s 404192 40 8 1 62 2 3405 7723 12 27 0 TR 0 17 0 0 0 0 • s 454649 45 1 20 63 2 3322 7739 13 19 19 FT 80 9 25 0 0 0 s s 454650 45 1 20 63 2 3346 7750 8 9 18 FT 70 I 6 105 9 I 0 0 s s 454651 45 1 20 63 2 3351 7752 8 9 9 GN 900 20 585 0 0 0 • s 454652 45 1 25 63 2 3315 7751 17 18 18 FT 70 11 60 953 0 0 R s 454653 45 1 25 63 2 3312 77-50 17 19 18 FT 70 13 60 254 0 0 s s 454654 45 1 25 63 2 3314 7751 17 19 18 FT 70 14 60 322 0 0 R s 454655 45 1 25 63 2 3315 7751 17 19 18 FT 70 15 60 907 0 0 R s 454656 45 1 25 63 2 3308 7746 27 19 18 FT 70 18 40 907 0 0 s s 565603 56 4 2 64 2 3307 7753 25 17 0 FT 50 0 90 721 0 0 s s 565604 56 4 2 64 2 3308 7748 34 17 0 FT 50 3 90 866 0 0 R s 565605 56 4 2 64 2 3307 7743 45 18 0 FT 50 5 90 4 1 0 0 s s 565606 56 4 2 64 2 3314 7740 22 17 0 FT 50 8 90 45 0 0 s s 565607 56 4 2 64 2 3312 7749 2 I 16 0 FT 50 I 0 90 82 0 0 s '-< s 565608 56 4 2 64 2 3317 7748 I 9 I 6 0 FT 50 13 90 86 0 0 R I co s 565609 56 4 2 64 2 3321 7740 14 14 0 FT 50 16 90 54 0 0 s s 565618 56 4 6 64 2 3328 7750 15 I 8 13 ML 0 9 0 0 0 0 • s 565619 56 4 6 64 2 3322 7738 I 5 20 0 FT 50 11 55 82 0 0 R s 565620 56 4 6 64 2 3322 7739 I 5 20 15 FT 50 13 74 304 0 0 R s 565621 56 4 6 64 2 3335 7732 15 13 0 FT 50 G 19 90 0 0 0 s s 565622 56 4 6 64 2 3345 7742 13 13 0 FT 50 23 90 64 0 0 s s 565623 56 4 7 64 2 3358 7747 8 12 0 FT 50 3 90 32 0 0 s s 565624 56 4 7 64 2 3347 7724 16 13 12 FT 50 8 90 36 0 0 R s 565630 56 4 9 64 2 3421 7732 9 12 0 FT 50 6 90 4 0 0 s s 565631 56 4 9 64 2 3423 7734 8 12 0 FT 50 8 87 14 0 0 s s 565652 56 4 12 64 2 3316 7728 23 19 0 FT 50 2 60 2096 0 0 s s 565653 56 4 12 64 2 3311 7727 50 19 0 FT 50 4 90 82 0 0 s s 565654 56 4 12 64 2 33 11 7730 29 19 0 HL 2 6 30 27 0 0 • s 565655 56 4 12 64 2 3311 7730 29 19 0 FT 50 8 90 467 0 0 R s 565656 56 4 12 64 2 3311 7730 29 I 9 0 FT 50 10 90 549 0 0 R s 565657 56 4 12 64 2 3309 7732 43 19 0 FT 50 13 90 14 0 0 s s 565658 56 4 12 64 2 3309 7734 37 21 0 FT 50 I 6 90 27 0 0 s s 575736 57 5 16 64 2 3305 7744 60 24 19 FT 70 14 90 4 0 0 s s 575737 57 5 1'6 64 2 3306 7752 25 24 22 FT 70 I 9 60 581 0 0 s T 10932 17 5 10 70 3 3317 7747 16 21 OHL 0 14 20 7 0 0 • T 10933 17 5 10 70 3 3308 7750 24 24 0 HL 0 15 15 5 0 0 • T 11406 25 5 26 71 2 3340 7737 12 22 0 MT 30 5 32 0 0 s T 11743 33 128 72 2 3259 7740 100 22 11 ST 40 23 90 25 0 0 s w 405267 405 6 16 84 2 3340 7744 10 26 0 FT 60 9 30 0 0 0 s w 405268 405 6 16 84 2 3426 7731 5 26 0 FT 60 14 30 0 0 0 s w 405269 405 6 16 84 2 3426 7725 7 26 0 FT 60 16 30 0 0 0 R w 140 824 7 8 82 0 3258 7745 100 28 0 HYD 0 I 9 0 0 0 0 • J~ppencl! x J (Continued) v Station Cru Mo Da Yr Grid lat long Opth S/T BIT Gear Gr/Sze Oper Time Our Fish Wt End/lat End/long Hab/Type (fm) (C) (C) (min) (kg) w 141 824 7 8 82 0 3301 7738 104 28 0 HYD 0 20 0 0 0 0 • w 142 824 7 8 82 0 3304 7732 103 28 0 HYD 0 21 0 0 0 0 • w 143 824 7 8 82 0 3308 7724 98 29 0 HYD 0 22 0 0 0 0 • w 254 835 5 1 t 83 2 3336 7750 10 20 0 FT 80 19 30 8 1 0 0 s w 255 835 5 11 83 2 3334 7743 9 21 0 FT 80 20 17 254 0 0 s w 256 835 5 t 1 83 2 3336 7739 8 20 0 FT 80 21 30 54 0 0 s w 257 835 5 t 1 83 0 3342 7750 8 0 0 FT 80 23 30 56 0 0 s w 259 835 5 12 83 2 3358 7747 9 0 0 FT eo 2 30 102 0 0 s w 26D 835 5 12 83 2 3402 7748 7 0 0 FT 80 3 30 117 0 0 s w 26 I 835 5 12 83 2 3409 7746 9 0 0 FT 80 4 30 39 0 0 s w 262 835 5 12 83 2 3403 7742 10 0 0 FT 80 5 30 48 0 0 s w 263 835 5 12 83 2 3406 7742 10 19 0 FT 80 6 30 79 0 0 s w 264 835 5 12 83 2 3407 7740 11 18 0 FT 80 7 30 33 0 0 s w 265 835 5 12 83 2 3409 7736 10 19 0 FT 80 8 30 70 0 0 s w 266 835 5 12 83 2 3412 7738 9 19 0 FT 80 9 30 44 0 0 s w 267 835 5 12 83 2 3415 7744 7 18 0 FT 80 10 30 160 0 0 s w 268 835 5 12 83 2 3420 7738 7 19 0 FT 80 11 30 64 0 0 s w 269 835 5 12 83 2 3418 7733 8 0 0 FT 80 13 30 77 0 0 s w 270 835 5 12 83 2 3421 7733 8 0 0 FT 80 14 30 103 0 0 R w 271 835 5 12 83 2 3426 7729 7 0 0 FT 80 15 30 71 0 0 s (._, I w 272 835 5 12 83 2 3426 7726 7 19 0 FT 80 16 30 83 0 0 s '!) su 9 8308 8 3 I 83 3316 7728 20 30 23 SUB 0 11 30 0 0 0 R su 10 8308 8 31 83 3308 7747 27 30 21 SUB 0 15 22 0 0 0 R su 11 8308 8 3 I 83 3318 7749 16 30 27 SUB 0 17 49 0 0 0 R su 13 7909 9 2 79 3318 7750 16 26 0 SUB 0 9 84 0 0 0 R sc 79 13 0 9 29 79 3352 7728 I 0 0 0 OS 0 11 40 0 0 0 R sc 7914 0 9 29 79 3355 7738 10 0 0 OS 0 14 30 0 0 0 s sc 8007 0 6 10 80 3347 7728 18 23 23 OS 0 9 25 0 0 0 R sc 8008 0 6 1 o eo 3348 7738 13 24 23 OS 0 15 13 0 0 0 R sc 8009 0 6 1 1 80 3333 7725 19 24 23 OS 0 11 43 0 0 0 R sc 80 16 0 8 13 80 3332 7726 16 29 0 OS 0 12 25 0 0 0 R sc 3017 0 8 14 80 3332 7726 17 28 24 OS 0 11 23 0 0 0 R sc 8018 D 8 15 80 3352 7730 16 0 22 OS 0 10 25 0 0 0 R sc 8101 0 2 28 81 3332 7726 16 19 17 OS 0 12 0 0 0 0 R sc 8105 0 7 15 81 3332 7726 16 0 28 OS 0 12 25 0 0 0 R OM 700 19 a 5 69 t6AQ 3405 7727 13 27 0 TO 8 13 30 0 3406 7729 • OM 701 19 8 5 69 21AP 3410 7734 8 27 0 TO 8 14 15 0 3412 7737 • OM 702 19 8 5 69 21AQ 3406 7734 10 27 0 TO 8 15 30 0 3404 7735 • DM 703 19 8 5 69 21AR 3400 7737 11 27 0 TO 8 16 30 0 3358 7737 • DM 704 19 8 5 69 21AR 3355 7737 12 27 0 TO 8 18 30 0 3352 7738 • DM 705 19 8 5 69 21AS 3348 7738 12 27 0 TD 8 19 30 0 3346 7738 • OM 706 19 8 5 69 21AS 3345 7733 14 27 0 TD 8 z 20 25 0 3343 7732 • OM 7 1 1 19 8 6 69 16AU 3321 7724 13 29 0 TD 8 14 30 0 3323 7726 • OM 712 19 8 6 69 16AU 3324 7728 13 29 0 TO 8 15 30 0 3326 7730 • OM 713 19 8 6 69 15AU 3322 7734 14 29 0 TO 8 16 30 0 3320 7735 • OM 714 19 8 6 69 15AV 3317 7739 17 29 0 TO 8 18 30 0 3315 7741 • DM 7 15 19 8 6 69 14AV 3311 7744 21 30 0 TD 8 19 30 0 3310 7746 • Appendix J. v Station Cru Mo Da Yr Grid lat Long Opth S/T BIT Gear Gr/Sze Oper Time Our Fish Wt End/Lat End/Long Hab/Type (fm) (C) (C) (min) Ckg) OM 7 16 19 8 6 69 13AV 3319 7752 16 29 0 TO 8 20 30 0 3321 7753 • OM 739 20 8 28 69 16AP 3418 7728 9 26 0 YT41 70 7 60 7 3415 7732 • OM 740 20 8 28 69 !SAO 3409 7734 10 26 0 YT41 70 9 60 33 3407 7738 • OM 754 20 9 6 69 14AU 3325 7748 15 27 0 YT41 70 10 60 8 3323 7752 • OM 755 20 9 6 69 ISAU 3323 7736 13 29 0 YT41 70 13 60 1 13 3321 7749 • OM 759 20 9 7 69 !SAW 3308 7730 67 28 0 YT41 70 15 60 0 3308 7735 • DM 760 20 9 7 69 15AW 3309 773S 35 28 20 YT41 70 17 60 29 3311 7732 • DM 76 I 20 9 8 69 15AV 3310 7732 35 28 0 YT41 70 7 60 51 3311 7727 • OM 764 20 9 16 69 15AV 3312 7730 23 29 0 YT41 70 7 60 3311 7734 • OM 765 20 9 16 69 14AW 3305 7740 61 28 14 YT41 70 I 0 60 136 3304 7743 • DM 766 20 9 16 69 14AW 3307 7742 33 28 o YT41 70 12 60 146 3309 7737 • DM 767 20 9 16 69 14AW 3307 7740 46 28 0 YT41 70 14 60 39 3306 7744 • OM 768 20 9 16 69 14AV 3311 774S 21 27 0 YT41 70 16 60 1 17 3309 7749 • DM 772 20 9 17 69 13AW 3302 7750 61 28 0 YT41 70 II 60 2 3300 7754 • OM 773 20 9 17 69 13AX 3252 7752 100 28 0 YT41 70 T 13 60 194 3250 7754 • OM 778 20 9 18 69 13AW 3303 7753 45 29 0 YT41 70 15 75 380 3304 7752 • OM 1 122 22 3 25 70 14AP 3417 7742 4 12 0 YT41 70 15 30 45 3416 7744 • OM 1 123 22 3 2S 70 14AP 3414 7746 5 12 0 YT41 70 16 25 31 3413 7747 • OM 1 124 22 3 26 70 14AP 3418 7742 5 13 0 YT41 70 9 30 40 3419 7740 • OM 1407 26 11 11 70 14AQ 3404 7750 6 17 0 YT41 70 9 30 136 3406 7750 '-; • I OM 1408 26 t 1 11 70 14AP 3412 7746 6 17 0 YT41 70 I 0 30 66 3414 7745 • ~ OM 1409 26 11 11 70 14AP 341S 7743 6 18 0 YT4 I 70 11 30 52 3417 7742 0 • OM 14 10 26 11 1170 !SAP 3419 7739 6 18 0 YT41 70 z 12 25 59 3421 7738 • OM 14 1 I 26 It 11 70 !SAO 3422 7736 8 18 0 YT41 70 13 23 78 3424 7734 • OM 1677 26 4 21 70 ISAV 3318 7733 16 21 0 MT 53 N 15 30 0 3322 7735 • DM 1864 23 6 16 71 16AQ 3402 7728 12 25 0 TO 8 10 15 0 3402 7727 • DM 1865 23 6 16 71 16AQ 3403 772S 13 25 0 TO 8 10 15 3404 7724 • DM 1866 23 6 16 71 16AQ 3404 7724 14 25 0 TO 8 11 5 0 3404 7724 • DM 1985 31 2 14 72 14AU 3328 7742 1 4 16 0 ST 84 13 30 31 3327 7740 • OM 2608 36 10 22 74 14AP 3420 7740 5 18 17 YT41 70 12 30 15 3419 7741 • OM 2609 36 10 22 74 14AP 341S 7745 4 18 19 YT41 70 13 30 18 3414 7746 • OM 2610 36 tO 22 74 14AQ 3410 7749 5 IS 18 YT4t 70 14 30 86 3409 7750 • OM 26 1 I 36 10 22 74 13AQ 3403 7753 4 19 18 YT41 70 16 30 18 3402 7753 • DM 2618 36 10 24 74 14AR 3359 7744 9 19 19 YT41 60 11 30 160 3400 7745 • DM 2619 36 10 24 74 15AQ 3400 7737 11 21 22 YT41 60 z 13 18 31 3401 7737 • DM 2620 36 10 24 74 16AP 3420 7729 9 18 19 YT41 60 16 30 5 3419 7729 • OM 2777 29 4 8 75 16AS 3349 7724 15 0 0 TO B Z 12 4 0 3348 7724 • OM 2854 36 10 21 75 !SAO 3426 7731 6 22 21 YT41 151 I 0 30 24 3425 7733 • OM 2855 36 10 21 75 14AP 3418 7742 5 22 22 YT41 74 12 30 38 34!6 7744 • OM 2856 36 10 21 75 14AQ 3409 7749 6 23 22 YT41 15 I 14 30 98 3407 7750 • OM 2857 36 10 21 75 13AQ 3403 7753 12 23 22 YT41 74 z 15 30 34 3402 7753 • OM 2861 36 10 23 75 14AT 3332 7749 12 23 23 YT41 151 16 30 3331 7748 • OM 2862 36 10 23 75 14AS 3343 7741 12 24 24 YT41 151 z 18 30 4 3345 7740 • OM 3275 40 tO 6 77 16AR 3352 7724 14 26 26 YT41 70 T 9 2 I 5 3350 7724 • OM 3277 40 10 6 77 16AR 3400 7725 14 26 26 YT41 70 13 30 15 3358 7724 • OM 3278 40 tO 6 77 16AR 3355 7728 15 26 26 YT41 15 I 15 30 0 3357 7729 • OM 3279 40 10 6 77 tSAS 3346 7735 1 4 0 0 SR 0 18 30 13 0 0 • Appendix J (Continued) v Station Cru Mo Da Yr Grid lat Long Dpth SIT 8/T Gear Gr/Sze Oper Time Our Fish Wt End/Lat End/Long Ha.b!Type (fm> OM 3291 40 10 12 77 13AV 3312 7752 18 25 25 YT41 70 15 30 4 3311 7755 • OM 3292 40 10 12 77 13AW 3310 7752 2 I 25 25 YT41 70 16 15 20 3310 7753 • OM 3293 40 10 12 77 14AW 3307 7748 33 25 25 YT41 70 18 30 80 3310 7747 • OM 3295 40 10 17 77 14AT 3332 7749 12 21 2 t YT4 1 151 17 30 9 3332 7751 • OM 3296 40 10 18 77 tSAR 3358 7732 13 22 22 YT41 70 30 255 3400 7730 • OM 3297 40 10 18 77 15AQ 3402 7733 12 22 22 YT41 70 12" 30 305 3400 7731 • OM 3298 40 10 18 77 16AQ 3407 7728 12 22 21 YT41 70 T 15 30 120 3409 7729 • OM 3333 40 11 8 77 14AW 3300 7746 84 26 19 YT41 151 19 60 D 3302 7744 • OM 3334 40 11 8 77 14AW 3306 7748 45 27 24 YT41 151 21 60 0 3308 7746 • OM 3335 40 11 9 77 14AW 3301 7749 73 26 17 ST 25 19 30 2 3259 7750 • OM 3336 40 11 9 77 13AW 3303 7752 47 26 22 ST 25 20 30 2 3305 7751 • DM 3337 40 11 9 77 13AW 3306 7751 3D 26 26 ST 25 22 30 7 3307 7750 • OM 3338 40 1 I 9 77 13AW 3259 7752 21 26 26 ST 25 23 30 9 3310 7752 • OM 3341 40 11 10 77 14AU 3323 7750 15 25 25 ST 25 3 30 5 3324 7748 • OM 3342 40 11 10 77 14AU 3328 7748 15 25 25 ST 25 4 30 2 3329 7746 • OM 3348 40 11 15 77 16AR 3354 7729 13 20 20 ST 25 18 30 7 3356 7728 • OM 3349 40 11 15 77 16AR 3400 7724 13 21 21 ST 25 20 22 5 3359 7723 • OM 3350 40 1 1 15 77 !SAO 3401 7732 12 20 20 ST 25 21 30 7 3402 7734 • OM 3351 40 11 15 77 16AQ 3408 7727 13 19 19 ST 25 T 23 30 0 3407 7728 • c..; OM 3353 40 11 17 77 16AP 3417 7726 11 18 18 YT41 70 T 14 30 77 3416 7723 • I OM 3582 40 5 22 78 16AP 3411 7728 11 22 18 YT4 1 70 9 I 0 3 3412 7727 ~ • OM 3591 40 6 24 78 13AW 3304 7753 46 28 28 TN 25 21 30 6 3305 7752 ~ • OM 3592 40 6 24 78 13AW 3309 7753 21 28 26 TN 25 22 30 3 3311 7753 • OM 3593 40 6 24 78 13AV 3311 7753 2 1 28 25 ST 77 23 60 D 3308 7755 • OM 3594 40 6 25 78 13AW 3309 7755 2 1 28 25 ST 77 24 60 0 3308 7757 • OM 3606 40 6 27 78 13AW 3302 7753 62 28 19 ST 77 21 60 D 3300 7756 • OM 361 I 40 8 22 78 15AT 3332 7734 13 28 25 YT41 70 13 30 119 3336 7732 • OM 3612 40 8 22 78 14AT 3339 7742 11 27 24 YT41 70 15 2 20 3339 7742 • OM 3613 40 8 22 76 !SAT 3337 7740 It 27 24 YT41 70 16 30 4 3337 7738 • OM 3614 40 8 23 78 15AU 3328 7731 13 28 26 YT41 70 60 160 3326 7728 • OM 3615 40 8 23 78 16AU 3324 7728 IS 28 26 YT41 70 "12 3D 2 3322 7729 • OM 3734 43 11 1178 13AV 3306 7751 37 26 24 ST 77 19 60 53 3307 7747 • OM 3735 43 11 11 78 13AW 3307 7749 32 26 24 ST 77 20 120 87 3304 7755 • OM 3742 43 11 14 78 14AT 3333 7749 13 2 1 20 ST 77 20 60 14 3332 7745 • OM 4120 40 6 9 80 16AS 3347 7727 16 D D TR 4 22 600 D 3347 7727 • OM 412 1 40 6 10 80 16AS 3347 7728 18 23 23 OS 6 9 75 0 3347 7728 • OM 4122 40 6 10 80 15AS 3348 7738 13 24 23 OS 6 16 75 0 3348 7738 • OM 4123 40 6 10 80 tSAS 3348 7738 13 0 0 LL 40 18 90 D 3348 7738 • OM 4124 40 6 11 80 15AS 3348 7738 13 24 23 TR 4 17 D 0 3348 7738 • OM 4 1'25 40 6 11 80 16AT 3333 7725 17 24 23 OS 6 1 I 68 0 3333 7725 • OM 4128 40 6 11 eo t6AT 3333 7725 17 24 23 OS 6 17 52 0 3333 7725 • MM 730423 0 1 1 14 73 3350 7747 8 17 17 YT35 0 13 30 122 0 0 R MM 740120 0 4 20 74 3350 7734 14 19 19 YT35 0 17 30 B 0 0 R MM 740246 0 8 31 74 3356 7747 8 27 26 YT35 0 4 30 27 D 0 s MM 750209 0 9 2 75 3348 7748 9 28 28 YT35 0 21 30 143 0 0 s MM 750210 0 9 2 75 3353 7748 8 28 28 YT35 D 23 30 1 17 D D R MM 760012 0 1 14 76 3346 7724 15 13 13 YT35 0 24 30 354 0 0 R Appendix J. (Cordinued) v Station CruMoDaYrGrid Lat Long Dpth SIT BIT Gear Gr/Sze Oper Time Our Flsh Wt End/lat End/long Hab/Type (fm) MM 770023 0 1 27 77 3341 7740 12 0 0 YT35 0 17 30 160 0 0 s MM 810205 0 5 28 81 3343 7748 8 0 0 FTSB 0 1 s 20 17 0 0 R MM 810206 0 5 28 81 3343 7748 8 0 0 F-TSB 0 IS 20 12 0 0 s MM 810207 0 5 28 8 I 33417751 s 0 0 FTSB 0 17 20 0 0 0 s MM 810208 0 5 28 81 3341 7751 s 0 0 FTSB 0 17 20 6 0 0 s MM 810237 0 6 4 8 1 3353 7748 9 0 0 FTSB 0 13 20 0 0 0 s MM 810238 0 6 4 8 I 3353 7748 9 0 0 FTSB 0 13 20 4 0 0 s MM 810239 0 6 4 81 3359 7748 9 0 0 FTSB 0 14 20 10 0 0 s MM 810240 0 6 4 8 I 3359 7748 9 0 0 FTSB 0 14 20 11 0 0 s MM 8 1024 1 0 6 4 81 3410 7740 8 0 0 FTSB 0 17 20 5 0 0 s MM 810242 0 6 4 81 3410 7740 a 0 0 FTSB 0 17 20 3 0 0 s MM 810243 0 6 4 81 3413 7739 8 0 0 FTSB 0 18 20 0 0 0 s MM 810244 0 6 4 81 3413 7739 • 0 0 FTSB 0 18 20 4 0 0 R MM 810245 0 6 4 81 3421 7734 7 0 0 FTSB 0 19 20 19 0 0 R MM 810246 0 6 4 8 I 3421 7734 7 0 0 FTSB 0 19 20 10 0 0 R MM 822045 0101782 3346 7753 7 0 0 FTSB 0 14 20 13 0 0 s MM 822046 0 10 17 82 3346 7753 7 0 0 FTSB 0 14 20 20 0 0 s MM 822049 0 t 0 17 82 3341 7752 7 0 0 FTSB 0 17 20 66 0 0 s MM 822050 0 10 17 82 3341 7752 7 0 0 FTSB 0 17 20 10 0 0 s '-< MM 83154 1 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 12 0 0 TRFA 0 14 109 4 0 0 • I MM 831542 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 12 0 0 TRFA 0 14 I 09 8 0 0 ~ MM 831543 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 • N 12 0 0 TRB 0 14 I 02 0 0 • MM 831544 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 12 0 0 TRB 0 14 102 s 0 0 • MM 831545 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 12 0 0 TRB 0 14 94 0 0 0 • MM 831546 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 12 0 0 TRB 0 14 94 0 0 0 • MM 831547 0 5 IS 83 3348 7738 12 0 0 TRB 0 14 85 0 0 0 • MM 831548 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 12 0 0 TRB 0 14 85 0 0 0 • MM 831549 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 12 0 0 TRB 0 14 78 0 0 0 • MM 831550 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 12 0 0 TRB 0 14 78 0 0 0 • MM 83155 1 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 12 0 0 TRB 0 14 69 0 0 0 • MM 831552 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 12 0 0 TRB 0 14 69 0 0 0 • MM 831553 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 12 0 0 TRB 0 14 62 0 0 • MM 831554 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 12 0 0 TRB 0 14 62 0 0 • MM 831555 0 5 15 83 3349 7738 11 0 0 TRFA 0 16 108 0 0 0 • MM 831556 0 5 15 83 3349 7738 11 0 0 TRFA 0 16 108 2 0 0 • MM 831557 0 5 15 83 3349 7738 11 0 0 TRB 0 16 87 0 0 0 • MM 831558 0 5 15 83 3349 7738 11 0 0 TRB 0 16 87 0 0 0 • MM 831559 0 5 15 83 3349 7738 11 0 0 TRB 0 16 93 3 0 0 • MM 831560 0 5 15 83 3349 7738 11 0 0 TRB 0 16 93 0 0 0 • MM 831561 0 5 15 83 3349 7739 13 0 0 TRB 0 16 95 0 0 0 • MM 831562 0 5 15 83 3349 7739 13 0 0 TRB 0 16 95 5 0 0 • MM 831563 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 12 0 0 TRB 0 16 67 4 0 0 • MM 831564 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 12 0 0 HlB 0 16 67 0 0 • MM 83!565 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 12 0 0 TRB 0 16 60 2 0 0 • MM 831566 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 12 0 0 TRB 0 16 60 4 0 0 • MM 831567 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 12 0 0 TRB 0 16 55 0 0 0 • MM 831568 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 12 0 0 TRB 0 16 55 0 0 0 • Append! x J (Continued) v Station C DU 818139 8102 5 19 81 3332 7725 15 0 0 PHE 0 7 8 0 0 0 • DU 818207 8103 • 12 81 3332 7724 16 0 0 FN 0 7 18 16 0 0 R DU 818208 8103 8 12 81 3331 7725 16 0 0 FN 0 8 12 20 0 0 R DU 818209 8103 8 12 81 3331 7724 15 0 0 FN 0 8 18 24 0 0 R DU 818211 8103 8 12 81 3332 7725 15 0 0 FN 0 15 18 1 0 0 R DU 8182 12 8103 8 12 s 1 3331 7725 ) 5 0 0 FN 0 16 18 0 0 0 s DU 8 182 13 8103 8 12 81 3332 7724 15 0 0 FN 0 16 18 1 0 0 R DU 818344 8104 11 30 81 3332 7725 16 0 0 FN 0 4 18 65 0 0 R ou 818345 8104 11 30 81 3332 7726 16 0 0 FN 0 5 18 55 0 0 R ou 818347 8104 11 30 81 3332 7725 16 0 0 FN 0 7 12 26 0 0 R DU 818353 8104 11 30 B 1 3332 7725 16 0 0 FN 0 15 18 1 0 0 R ou 818354 8104 11 30 81 3332 7726 16 0 0 FN 0 15 12 2 0 0 R ou 818355 8104 11 30 81 3332 7725 16 0 0 FN 0 16 1 B 2 0 0 R '-< I ~ w Appendix J (Continued) v Station CruMe Da Yr Grid lat long Dpth 8/T BIT Gear Gr/Sze Oper Time Our Fish Wt End/lat End/long Ha.b/Type Cfm> (C) MM 831569 0 5 15 83 3348 7739 11 0 0 TRFA 0 19 127 0 0 • MM 831570 0 5 15 83 3348 7739 11 0 0 TRFA 0 19 127 3 0 0 • MM 831571 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 11 0 0 TRB 0 19 118 6 0 0 • MM 831572 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 11 0 0 TRB 0 19 118 0 0 • MM 831573 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 12 0 0 TRB 0 19 110 0 0 0 • MM 831574 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 12 0 0 TRB 0 19 110 I 0 0 • MM 831575 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 11 0 0 TRB 0 19 97 2 0 0 • MM 831576 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 11 0 0 TRB 0 19 97 0 0 • MM 831577 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 11 0 0 TRB 0 19 59 0 0 0 • MM 831578 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 II 0 0 TRB 0 19 59 0 0 0 • MM 831579 0 5 15 83 3348 77·38 11 0 0 TRB 0 19 62 0 0 • MM 831580 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 II 0 0 HIB 0 19 62 0 0 • MM 831581 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 13 0 0 TRB 0 19 67 5 0 0 • MM 831582 0 5 15 83 3348 7738 13 0 0 TRB D 19 67 5 0 0 • MM 831583 0 5 15 83 3348 7739 12 0 0 SR 0 22 105 12 0 0 • OU 809!20 8001 9 18 80 3332 7725 15 0 0 HL 0 10 30 3 0 0 • OU 809121 8001 9 18 80 3332 7725 15 0 0 HL 0 10 30 1 0 0 • OU 809122 8001 9 18 80 3332 7725 15 0 0 HL 0 I 0 30 I 0 0 • OU 809123 8001 9 18 80 3332 7725 15 0 0 LL 0 11 84 0 0 0 • '---< OU 809124 8001 9 18 80 3332 7725 15 0 0 LL 0 11 90 2 0 0 • I OU 809125 8001 9 18 80 3332 7725 15 0 0 LL 0 11 96 4 0 0 ~ • DU 809126 8001 9 18 80 3332 7725 15 0 0 LL 0 11 60 1 0 0 • "' DU 809127 soot 9 18 80 3332 7725 15 0 0 TRA 0 11 96 0 0 0 • DU 809128 8001 9 18 80 3332 7725 15 0 0 FN 0 14 12 20 0 0 R DU 809129 8001 9 1 B 80 3332 7725 15 0 0 FN 0 17 12 132 0 0 s DU 809130 8001 9 18 80 3332 7725 15 0 0 FN D 19 12 34 0 0 R DU 809131 8001 9 18 80 3332 7725 17 0 0 LL 0 22 78 1 0 0 • DU 809134 8001 9 18 80 3332 7725 15 0 0 LL 0 22 78 0 0 0 • OU 809138 8001 9 18 80 3332 7725 15 0 0 HL 0 23 60 1 0 0 DU 809140 8001 9 19 80 3332 7725 16 0 0 FN 0 12 12 0 0 R• OU 809141 8001 9 19 80 3332 7725 IS 0 0 FN 0 2 12 36 0 0 R DU 809142 8001 9 19 80 333 t 7725 15 0 0 FN 0 2 12 49 0 0 R DU 818006 8101 2 6 81 3332 7725 17 0 0 FN 0 24 18 5 D 0 R OU 818008 BIOI 2 7 81 3333 7724 19 0 0 FN 0 2 18 I 0 0 0 R DU 818010 8101 2 7 81 3332 7724 17 0 0 FN 0 3 18 26 0 0 R DU 818017 8101 2 7 B 1 3332 7725 19 0 0 FN 0 13 18 0 0 0 s OU 81801.8 8101 2 7 81 3331 7725 16 0 0 FN 0 14 18 0 0 0 R OU 818019 8101 2 7 81 3332 7725 19 0 0 FN 0 14 18 0 0 0 s OU 818020 8101 2 7 81 3332 7725 17 0 0 FN 0 15 18 0 0 s OU 818022 8101 2 7 81 3332 7725 16 0 0 HL 0 18 36 2 0 0 • OU 818024 BIOI 2 7 81 3332 7725 16 0 0 HL 0 18 36 2 0 0 • OU 818124 8102 5 18 81 3332 7724 17 0 0 FN 0 20 18 0 0 R DU 818125 8102 5 18 8 t 3334 7725 19 0 0 FN 0 20 18 0 0 s OU 818126 8102 5 18 81 3332 7725 17 0 0 FN 0 22 18 0 0 0 s OU 818135 8102 5 19 81 3331 7724 16 0 0 FN 0 4 24 1 0 0 R OU 818136 8102 5 19 81 3332 7725 16 0 0 FN 0 4 12 4 0 0 R OU 818137 8102 5 19 81 3331 7724 16 0 0 FN 0 5 18 11 0 0 R