DOCSLIB.ORG

The Epidemic Sweeping Brazil a Dissertation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Epidemic Sweeping Brazil a Dissertation UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE CONCURSO FEVER: THE EPIDEMIC SWEEPING BRAZIL A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By LAUREN M. SIMONS Norman, Oklahoma 2016 CONCURSO FEVER: THE EPIDEMIC SWEEPING BRAZIL A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY BY ______________________________ Dr. Paul Spicer, Chair ______________________________ Dr. Katherine (Tassie) Hirschfeld ______________________________ Dr. Kimberly Marshall ______________________________ Dr. Lucas Bessire ______________________________ Dr. Robin Grier © Copyright by LAUREN M. SIMONS 2016 All Rights Reserved. Acknowledgements The dissertation project is not one completed without tremendous support of individuals and organizations. I want to express my gratitude to the University of Oklahoma Department of Anthropology for providing departmental support as a teaching assistant and experience as a course instructor. I am appreciative of fellow students in the anthropology program for their comments and feedback as this project evolved from its initial form in classroom discussions to a final written product. Thanks to Dr. Peter Cahn, Dr. Kristen Dowell, and Dr. Erika Robb-Larkins for the time and energy commenting on various iterations of my research proposals and drafts. They helped define my interests, locate my work in larger theoretical frameworks, and refine my research conclusions. I am indebted to Dr. Daniel Swan at the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History for funding as a research assistant, as well as mentorship during my first years in the program and invaluable conversations. I am also thankful to Dr. Paul Spicer at the University of Oklahoma Center for Applied Social Research for generous support during my fieldwork—a kindness that I can never repay and will never forget. I want to express appreciation to my dissertation committee for their support and availability throughout the dissertation project. Thanks to Dr. Kimberly Marshall, who took me under her wing during my first assignment as a teaching assistant. I am appreciative of her patience and guidance in the classroom, as well as her help theorizing evangelicalism and moral anthropology. Thanks to Dr. Lucas Bessire for his thoughtful comments about state-crafting and subjectivity. Without him, I would not have been introduced to the writings of Loïc Wacquant nor pursued the meanings of iv neoliberalism for the participants in this project. Thanks to Dr. Robin Grier, who provided clear, constructive feedback about my anthropological perspective from the “other side” of the social sciences—economics. Her thoughts were critical to framing the scope of this dissertation and thinking about its academic contributions more broadly. Thanks to Dr. Tassie Hirschfeld for excellent mentorship and inspiring discussions. She was always supportive and encouraging—an outstanding teacher—one I hope to someday emulate professionally. Finally, the utmost thanks to my dissertation chair, Dr. Paul Spicer, who bore entirely too much grief on my behalf. I am thankful for his patience and encouragement, his intellectual contributions to this project, and his sound guidance in all subjects—from coursework, to fieldwork, to writing, as well as navigating the perils of graduate school. He is one of the most practical anthropologists I know, and I am truly appreciative of his selflessness and time. As family members of doctoral students can attest, the dissertation project is a consuming process. I would be amiss if I did not recognize the contributions of my family in the completion of this project: my parents, in-laws, and siblings have been supportive beyond measure—offering encouragement, advice, and most importantly, childcare! Without their involvement, this dissertation simply would not have been written. I dedicate this project to my children, from whom I diverted time, effort, and mental energy for the better of three years. Finally (and most importantly), I offer special heartfelt thanks to my husband, who has been supportive at all times, often to his own hurt. Without him, I would not have the confidence, drive, or motivation to have completed coursework, fieldwork, and writing. Thank you, dear. v Table of Contents Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................. viii List of Figures .................................................................................................................. ix Abstract ............................................................................................................................. x Chapter 1: Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 Explaining Desire ........................................................................................................ 4 Theoretical Framework ............................................................................................. 11 Methodology ............................................................................................................. 14 Broader Context ........................................................................................................ 19 Chapter 2: Labor Market ................................................................................................. 25 Private versus Public ................................................................................................. 32 Job Security ............................................................................................................... 38 Collective Aspirations ............................................................................................... 46 Family Histories ........................................................................................................ 52 Chapter 3: Higher Education .......................................................................................... 58 Colonial Legacy ........................................................................................................ 58 Higher Education in the 21st Century ........................................................................ 63 Classroom Experiences ............................................................................................. 69 Familial Pursuits ....................................................................................................... 77 Chapter 4: Technologies of Power .................................................................................. 88 “Chaos” ..................................................................................................................... 89 Neoliberalism ............................................................................................................ 92 vi Class Identity .......................................................................................................... 102 Chapter 5: Technologies of Self ................................................................................... 117 A Peaceful Self ....................................................................................................... 122 Fulfillment in Life ................................................................................................... 130 Ease of Life ............................................................................................................. 137 Chapter 6: Travel .......................................................................................................... 145 History..................................................................................................................... 150 Flexible Citizenship ................................................................................................ 157 Conspicuous Consumption ..................................................................................... 161 Experiential Value .................................................................................................. 165 Chapter 7: Home Ownership ........................................................................................ 171 Mortgage Lending ................................................................................................... 172 “Homelessness” and Stability ................................................................................. 175 Conspicuous Consumption ..................................................................................... 180 Domestic Work ....................................................................................................... 183 Leisure and the Home ............................................................................................. 186 Chapter 8: Conclusion ................................................................................................... 191 Race and Religion ................................................................................................... 196 Looking Forward .................................................................................................... 202 References ..................................................................................................................... 205 Appendix A: Concurso Test Sample .............................. Error!
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Accountability, 3, 59–61, 322, 334–335, 410, 412–419, 437, 475
    Index Accountability, 3, 59–61, 322, Agriculturally based economies, 334–335, 410, 412–419, 437, 312 475 Agrupacion´ Nacional de Empleados bureaucratic politics in Mexico, Fiscales (ANEF), 102 194–198 Alianza Democratica´ M-19 Chile’s institutions of, 103–108 (AD M-19), 115 in Colombia, 127–132 American Congresses, 294–298 congressional oversight, 103–104 American legislators, 297 control bodies, 104–105 Andean Counterdrug Initiative (ACI), in Costa Rica, 162–170 134 financial and economic, 128–129 Antipoverty programs, governance in, formal instruments, 128–130 389–394 horizontal, 103–105, 162–169 Apps, 366–369 informal instruments, 130–132 Argentina, 23–27 media, 130–131 Argentine state and successive in Paraguay, 220–221 reform processes, 39–41 performance, 129–130 bureaucracy, 35–38 political, 128 characteristics of public public, 131–132 employment, 28–35 Uribe effect, 132 characteristics of selected structures, in Uruguay, 247–249 49–50 vertical, 105–107, 169–170 civil and no civil personnel by Accounting Tribunal (TCR), 230–231, hierarchies, 47–48 233 congress, 25–26 Acto Legislativo 02 of 2004, 118 federalism, 24 Administrative bureaucracy, 37 national public policy, 27 Administrative decentralization, party system, 26–27 471–472 political parties, 35–37 Administrative Department of Public politics of Argentine bureaucracy, Service, 120 37–38 “Administrative modernization”,11 PPM in, 278–280 Administrative reforms, 13–14, presidential rule, 25 298–299 selected organs according to type of processes characteristics, 15–16 link, 51 Administrative Statute, 89–90 structure of government and Administrative style, 299 political institutions, 24–27 Administrative Tribunal (TCA), Argentina-Compra, 358 230–231, 233 Argentina.
    [Show full text]
  • Turnover of Political Appointments in Brazil, 1999 to 2012 – Key Indicators 109
    Turnover of Political Appointments in Brazil, 1999 to 2012 – Key Indicators 109 Turnover of Political Appointments in Brazil, 1999 to 2012 – Key Indicators Felix LOPEZ ＊ Mauricio BUGARIN ＊＊ Karina BUGARIN ＊＊＊ 1. Introduction Political economist and sociologist Max Weber presents a characterization of the ideal bureaucracy where he suggests that civil servant’s selection and advancement in the career should be primarily based on expertise and qualification: “purely functional points of consideration and qualities will determine his [public servant] selection and career”1. Although more recent studies suggests that “obtaining a proper balance between both types of personnel systems [politically appointed agency executives and merit-selected subordinates] across the supervisory and subordinate levels of an organization will best foster bureaucratic competence”2, the importance of consolidating a merit-based selection system for bureaucrats can hardly be understated3. Since the promulgation of the new “Citizen Constitution” in 1988, Brazil has advanced a great deal towards Weber’s ideal characteristic. In present-day Brazil almost all positions in the civil service are filled by means of very open, competitive The authors are grateful to Acir Almeida and Tomás Bugarin for helpful comments and insightful discus- sions. The financial support of CNPq and IPEA is gratefully acknowledged. Mauricio Bugarin was a visiting researcher at the Graduate School of International Cooperation Studies of Kobe University, GSICS, during the fall semester of 2013. The institutional support of GSICS is gratefully acknowledged. The authors re- main sole responsible for errors or opinions expressed here. ＊ Researcher, IPEA-Institute of Applied Economic Research, e-mail: [email protected]. ＊＊ Professor of Economics, Economics Department, University of Brasilia and Economics and Politics Research Group e-mail: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Inflation and Instability: Brazil's Lost Decade And
    APPLIED ECONOMICS INFLATION AND INSTABILITY : B RAZIL ’S LOST DECADE AND CARDOSO ’S RESPONSE ISABELLA DI PAOLO Senior Sophister in the 1990's brazil suffered a turbulent period of hyperinflation. in this paper, is - abella di Paolo provides an intriguing explanation of the policies which led to brazil's crisis, and an evaluation of how the reforms of President Cardoso helped set brazil on its current growth path. 1. Introduction the famous joke goes: “brazil is, and always will be, the land of the future”. long strug - gling to achieve long-term, sustainable growth - despite its abundant resources and im - mense potential - brazil has recently seen considerable improvements in both its economic performance and poverty-reduction strategies. the recent consumer boom, experienced as millions filled middle-class ranks, makes it difficult to imagine that just two decades ago inflation was taking over everyday life.1 it was the centre of all policy concerns, caused hour-long queues in front of supermarkets and crushed innumerable hopes and dreams. today, a decade-long struggle for macroeconomic stability has rendered the daily reality of twenty years ago completely unimaginable to those who have only known recent pros - perity (leitão, 2011). after an initial taming of the ‘inflation monster’ via the Plano real, brazilian policy-makers have demonstrated continuity in their will to reform, as exemplified by the continued adoption of the inflation targeting mechanism and law of fiscal respon - sibility introduced at the end of the cardoso administration. as brazil begins to display difficulties in continuing down the path of rapid growth, (financial times, 2013) it is more important than ever to remember the recent past, and to consider the long way the coun - try has come.
    [Show full text]
  • Capital Flow Waves: Surges, Stops, Flight, and Retrenchment
    NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CAPITAL FLOW WAVES: SURGES, STOPS, FLIGHT, AND RETRENCHMENT Kristin J. Forbes Francis E. Warnock Working Paper 17351 http://www.nber.org/papers/w17351 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 August 2011 We thank for helpful comments and conversations Alain Chaboud, Marcos Chamon, Bernard Dumas, José de Gregorio, Charles Engel, Jeffrey Frankel, Marcel Fratzscher, Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas, Philip Lane, Patrick McGuire, Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti, Bent Sorenson, Charles Thomas, and participants at the meetings of the NBER/Sloan Global Financial Crisis project and AEA annual conference and in seminars at Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, Bank of England, BIS Asia, European Central Bank, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, INSEAD, Johns Hopkins, MIT, Monetary Authority of Singapore, Reserve Bank of Australia, Reserve Bank of New Zealand, Trinity College Dublin, UC Berkeley, and UVA-Darden. Vahid Gholampour provided research assistance. Warnock thanks the Darden School Foundation, Asian Institute of Management, and the BIS Asia office for generous support. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer- reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2011 by Kristin J. Forbes and Francis E. Warnock. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Capital Flow Waves: Surges, Stops, Flight, and Retrenchment Kristin J.
    [Show full text]
  • 23865754004.Pdf
    Revista de Sociologia e Política ISSN: 0104-4478 ISSN: 1678-9873 Universidade Federal do Paraná Filgueiras, Fernando; Koga, Natália; Viana, Rafael State Capacities and Policy Work in Brazilian Civil Service Revista de Sociologia e Política, vol. 28, no. 74, 2020, October-December Universidade Federal do Paraná DOI: 10.1590/1678-987319277404 Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=23865754004 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Original Article State Capacities and Policy Work in Brazilian Civil Service DOI 10.1590/1678-987319277404 Fernando FilgueirasI,II , Natália KogaIII and Rafael VianaIV IFundação Getúlio Vargas, Escola de Políticas Públicas e Governo, FGV, Brasília, DF, Brasil. IIUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Ciência Política, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. IIIInstituto de Pesquisa Econômica e Aplicada, IPEA, Brasília, DF, Brasil. IVUniversidade de Brasília, UnB, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Política, Brasília, DF, Brasil ABSTRACT Introduction: This article analyzes the issue of Capacities for the implementation of public policies. The article examines the concepts of state capacity, policy capacities and policy work to analyze the role of bureaucratic roles in the implementation pro- cess. The article criticizes the concept of state capacities and advocates a perspective that the analysis of capacities should be focused on the performance of agents for the fulfillment of public policy functions. Materials and methods: Based on a survey analysis with agents of civil service bureaucracy, the article lists the central capacities for the performance of functions necessary for the implemen- tation of public policies.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Development Institute of the World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized
    0i"n Economic Development Institute of The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized venting Bank -C- se: aLessons-- fr-Rn R-ecn Global Public Disclosure Authorized B n0hk: FailuWres:: --: 0~ :B-- -0\ 3 Sept. 1q9q -Ger rd Cpr, Jr.- Public Disclosure Authorized Wil ja C. Hunter Dafly M.Leipziger -T-I -~D XIEVELO}PMENTD -STUIES--- - Public Disclosure Authorized Other EDI Development Studies (In orderof publication) Ente?priseRestructuringandUnemploymentinModelsofTransition Edited by Simon Commander PovertyinRussia:PublicPolicyandPnvateResponses Edited by jeni Klugman EnterpriseRestructuyingandEconomicPolicyinRussia Edited by Simon Commander, Qimiao Fan, and Mark E. Schaffer InfrastructureDelivery:PrivateInitiativeandthePublicGood Edited by Ashoka Mody Trade,Technology,andInternationalCompetitiveness Irfan ul Haque CorporateGovernance in TransitionalEconomies: InsiderControlandtheRole ofBanks Edited by Masahiko Aoki and Hyung-Ki Kim Unemployment,Restructunng,andtheLaborMarket in EasternEuropeandRussia Edited by Simon Commander and Fabrizio Coricelli MonitoringandEvaluatingSocialProgramsinDevelopingCountries: A HandbookforPolicymakers,Managers,andResearchers Joseph Valadez and Michael Bamberger AgroindustrialInvestmentandOperations James G. Brown with Deloitte & Touche LaborMdarketsin an EraofAdjustment Edited by Susan Horton, Ravi Kanbur, and Dipak Mazumdar Vol. 1-IssuesPapers; Vol. 2-CaseStudies DoesPrivatizationDeliver?Highlightsfrom a WorldBankConference Edited by Ahmed Galal and Mary Shirley 7heAdaptiveEconomy:AdjustmentPolicies inSmall,Low-IncomeCountries
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese and Brazilian Cooperation with African Agriculture: the Case of Mozambique
    CBAA Working Paper Working Chinese and Brazilian Cooperation with African Agriculture: The Case of Mozambique Sérgio Chichava, Jimena Duran, Lídia Cabral, Alex Shankland, Lila Buckley, Tang Lixia and Zhang Yue This paper was produced as part of the China and Brazil in African Agriculture (CBAA) Project work stream Working Paper 049 www.future-agricultures.org China and Brazil in African Agriculture (CBAA) project Working Paper series The ESRC (UK Economic and Social Research Council - ES/J018317/) funded CBAA project is exploring the new development cooperation engagements in agriculture across four African countries. The project is examining the politics of aid and investment policy in China and Brazil, exploring how understandings of agricultural development are translated in aid and investment projects. The project is being carried out as part of the Future Agricultures Consortium, connecting researchers from institutions in the UK and Africa with colleagues from China and Brazil. The research involves a mapping phase that is generating a geo-referenced database of Chinese and Brazilian agricultural development cooperation projects in Ethiopia, Ghana, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. In addition, in-depth case studies of a sample of these projects, are examining the ways in which experience and expertise from China and Brazil engage with the realities of African agriculture and the perspectives of African scientists and farmers. Comparative analysis across projects, countries and types of intervention are addressing the question of whether a “new paradigm” of development cooperation is emerging, and assessing the implications for the future of agricultural aid and investment policy. The CBAA Working Paper series publishes work in progress by CBAA team members.
    [Show full text]
  • WWD Beauty Inc Top 100 Shows, China Has Been An
    a special edition of THE 2018 BEAUT Y TOP 100 Back on track how alex keith is driving growth at p&g Beauty 2.0 Mass MoveMent The Dynamo Propelling CVS’s Transformation all the Feels Skin Care’s Softer Side higher power The Perfumer Who Dresses the Pope BINC Cover_V2.indd 1 4/17/19 4:57 PM ©2019 L’Oréal USA, Inc. Beauty Inc Full-Page and Spread Template.indt 2 4/3/19 10:25 AM ©2019 L’Oréal USA, Inc. Beauty Inc Full-Page and Spread Template.indt 3 4/3/19 10:26 AM TABLE OF CONTENTS 22 Alex Keith shares her strategy for reigniting P&G’s beauty business. IN THIS ISSUE 18 The new feel- 08 Mass EffEct good facial From social-first brands to radical products. transparency, Maly Bernstein of CVS is leading the charge for change. 12 solar EclipsE Mineral-based sunscreens are all the rage for health-minded Millennials. 58 14 billion-Dollar Filippo Sorcinelli buzz practicing one Are sky-high valuations scaring away of his crafts. potential investors? 16 civil sErvicE Insights from a top seller at Bloomies. fEaTUrES Francia Rita 22 stanD anD DElivEr by 18 GEttinG EMotional Under the leadership of Alex Keith, P&G is Skin care’s new feel-good moment. back on track for driving singificant gains in its beauty business. Sorcinelli 20 thE sMEll tEst Lezzi; Our panel puts Dior’s Joy to the test. 29 thE WWD bEauty inc ON THE COvEr: Simone top 100 Alex Keith was by 58 rEnaissancE Man Who’s on top—and who’s not— photographed Meet Filippo Sorcinelli, music-maker, in WWD Beauty Inc’s 2018 ranking of by Simone Lezzi Keith photograph taker, perfumer—and the world’s 100 largest beauty companies exclusively for designer to the Pope and his entourage.
    [Show full text]
  • Itamaraty on the Move: Institutional and Political Change in Brazilian Foreign Service Under Lula Da Silva’S Presidency (2003–2010)
    Bulletin of Latin American Research, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 468–482, 2013 Itamaraty on the Move: Institutional and Political Change in Brazilian Foreign Service under Lula da Silva’s Presidency (2003–2010) CARLOS AURELIO´ PIMENTA DE FARIA Pontifícia Universidade Catolica´ de Minas Gerais, Brazil DAWISSON BELEM´ LOPES Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil GUILHERME CASAROES˜ Faculdades Rio Branco and Fundac¸ao˜ Getulio Vargas, Brazil This article aims to provide answers to two questions prompted by the latest reforms of Brazilian foreign service during Lula da Silva’s presidency: How exactly might these institutional changes generate any impact over the Brazilian diplomatic corporation cohesion at large? How could bureaucratic insulation be undermined as an unexpected outcome of this process? To accomplish their objectives, the authors will briefly review the process of institution-building in Brazil, with an emphasis on the diplomatic corporation and the transformations it has undergone over the last three decades. Keywords: Brazil, democracy, foreign policy, institutional politics, Itamaraty, reforms. The harder one attempts to demonstrate that popular participation on Brazilian foreign policy-making has grown stronger, the more it becomes clear things have not changed much over time. A great deal of the literature points out that the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ministerio´ das Relac¸oes˜ Exteriores) (MRE) remains strongly associated with a tradition of elitism, bureaucratic insulation and corporatism, and such tradition would forge among professional diplomats a sense of monopoly over what is understood as the national interest, which involves foreign policy formulation and implementation (Castro, 1983; Cheibub, 1985; Barros, 1986; Lima, 2000; Pinheiro, 2003; Faria, 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • The Clash Between Formalism and Reality in the Brazilian Civil Service
    THE CLASH BETWEEN FORMALISM AND REALITY IN THE BRAZILIAN CIVIL SERVICE By LAWRENCE SHERMAN GRAHAM A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE COUNCIL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA December, 1965 tmiyjifififP 0F FLORIDA 3 1262 08666 481 9 For Jane ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank the following people for assistance in the preparation of this dissertation: Professors Harry Kantor (chairman) , Gladys M. Kammerer, and Harry W. Hutchinson, of the University of Florida, who served as my reading com- mittee; Professors Manning J. Dauer, Frederick H. Hartmann, and Alfred Hower, also of the University of Florida; Pro- fessor Diogo Lordello de Mello, director of the research center at the Fundacao Getulio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Professors Edward J. Jones, Jr. (chief of party) and David Mars, members of the University of Southern Calif ornia/AID is I mission in public administration at the Fundacao Getulio Var- gas; Peter D. Bell, of the Ford Foundation, Rio de Janeiro; the secretaries in the offices occupied by the University of Southern California mission at the Fundacao Getulio Vargas — especially Dona Irene — without whose many favors and as- sistance in the scheduling of interviews much of the material gathered here could not have been collected; Arminda de Campos and Gil Vicente Soares, students in the Brazilian School of Public Administration (EBAP) who, as research assistants, de- voted many long hours of work to the compiling of newspaper materials; Mrs. Clarence Singletary, of Daytona Beach, Florida, and my wife, Jane Merrell Graham, for preliminary typing; and Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CHALLENGES of the CONTEMPORARY ADMINISTRATIVE STATE: Brazil and the United States in Comparative Perspective
    WORKSHOP REPORT THE CHALLENGES OF THE CONTEMPORARY ADMINISTRATIVE STATE: Brazil and the United States in Comparative Perspective May 23, 2018 Washington, DC Presentations and Panels l A Acknowledgements The May 23, 2018 knowledge-building workshop and this report are the result of an internation- al cooperation project between Brazil’s National School of Public Administration (ENAP), which is part of the Brazilian Ministry of Planning, Development, and Management, and the United Na- tions Development Programme (UNPD) to strengthen state capacities and public policy creation in support of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. In keeping with this mission, ENAP approached the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars to design and organize a workshop dedicated to the exchange of ideas and lessons for fostering sound public admin- istration practices, the foundation upon which sustainable development polices can be built, through a comparative analysis of Brazil and the United States. Special thanks go to Francisco Gaetani, President of ENAP, for spearheading the partnership between ENAP, UNDP, and the Wilson Center; to Paulo Sotero, Director of the Brazil Institute at the Wilson Center, for his efforts making the workshop possible; and to the Brazil Office of the UNDP for their support and encouragement. Our sincere thanks go also to the esteemed panel- ists, whose substantive contributions during the workshop form the foundation of this project. This report was prepared under the leadership of the Wilson Center, with the support of UNDP and ENAP, so that the experiences and findings of the workshop can be disseminated beyond the select group of participants on May 23, 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary History of Brazil
    SUMMARY HISTORY OF BRAZIL By Joey Willemsen and Bart Leferink Historical overview map of Brazil In this historical overview map of Brazil, the Meridian of Tordesillas, borders of the capitanias (as introduces by King João of Portugal in the sixteenth century), routes of the bandeirantes, current borders of Brazil and important cities are shown. This map will help to clarify the described history. Pará Maranhão Piauí Ceará Itamaracá • Olinda • Recife Pernambuco Mato Bahia Grosso • São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Ilhéus Santos BOLIVIA Pôrto Seguro Meridian of Tordesillas Minas Gerais Espírito Santo Route of the São Tomé bandeirismo Rio de Janerio NEIGHBOUR COUNTRY PARAGUAY • Rio de Janeiro São Paulo de Piratininga • Santo Amaro capitania São Vicente • São Vicente • City Santana Rio Grande ARGENTINA do Sul URUGUAY La Plata Figure 1 Historical overview map of Brazil. (Based on C.M. Schulten, 1966 pag. 1) Pre-colonial history By the time the Portuguese arrived in 1500 AD, the area of what is now Brazil was already populated for thousands of years. Researchers found evidence of human presence there 50.000 years ago. Most of the indigenous peoples were Tupi-Guarani Indians, but the population was quite diverse. Unlike the Inca’s and the Maya’s on the west coast, Brazil’s early inhabitants never developed a highly advanced civilization. The Andes and the mountain range in northern South America formed a rather sharp cultural boundary between the civilizations. The indigenous Brazilians left only a few clues for archaeologists to follow, like pottery and skeletons. For this reason, very little is known about the indigenous people of Brazil.
    [Show full text]