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A LIST, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX OF THE VERTEBRATES OF

Eleanor Daly Mississippi Museum of Natural Science Jackson, Mississippi

BULLETIN 128

MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OFFICE OF GEOLOGY

S. Cragin Knox Director

Jackson, Mississippi 1992

A LIST, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX OF THE FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI

Eleanor Daly Mississippi Museum of Natural Science Jackson, Mississippi

BULLETIN 128

MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OFFICE OF GEOLOGY

S. Cragin Knox Director

Jackson, Mississippi 1992 COVER: kochii, MMNSVP 130, rightlateral view, approximately 1/5 natural size.

Suggested cataloging by the Office of Geology

Daly, Eleanor. A list, bibliography and index of the fossil vertebratesof Mississippi.

(Mississippi. Office of Geology. Bulletin128)

1. Vertebrates, Fossil- Mississippi - Bibliography.2. Paleontology - Mississippi - Bibliography. I. Title.

QE 129 .A2 no. 128 557.62 QE641.D3 MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

Commissioners

Thomas L. Goldman, Chairman Meridian Henry Weiss, Vice Chairman Columbus Earl F.Boyd Tylertown Alvis Hunt Jackson Henry F. Laird, Jr Gulfport R. B. (Dick) Flowers Tunica C. Gale Singley Moss Point

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR J. I. Palmer, Jr.

OFFICE OF GEOLOGY Administrative

S.Cragin Knox .Director and State Geologist MichaelB.E. Bograd Assistant Director Jean Inman Business Manager Charlotte Davidson.. Map Sales Traweek .Accounting/AuditingTech. Gwen Davis Secretary Carolyn Woodley Librarian

Surface Geology Mining and Reclamation

David T. Dockery III Division Director Kevin E. Cahill Division Director Stephen L. Ingram Geologist William H. Moore Geologist George Puckett Geologist Jay Duckworth Geologist David Thompson Geologist Milton Everett Engineer Frank Inman Environmental Scientist Angie Herrington Secretary Energy and Coastal Geology Environmental Geology Jack Moody Division Director RickEricksen Geologist Curtis W. Stover Division Director Ed Sticker Geologist John C. Marble Geologist John Warner Geologist James C. Crellin Geologist Steve Oivanki Geologist Scott Mixon Driller Lindsey Stewart Geologist Archie McKenzie Driller Barbara Yassin GIS Specialist Robert Ervin Environmental Aide STATE OF MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY JAMES I. PALMER, JR. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

April 15, 1992

Mr. Thomas L. Goldman, Chairman, and Members of the Commission Department of Environmental Quality

Commissioners:

Since the earliest days of this country our citizens have had an interest in of large . Thomas Jefferson encouraged this interest in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries as both amateur scientist and member of scientific societies. As President of the United States, he took his Cabinet to view the first American mastodon excavated and mounted. William Dunbar, B.L.C. Wailes, and other prominent early naturalists in Mississippi sent specimens to experts for identification. Many Mississippians today thrill to the discovery of teeth and other fossils as they enjoy the outdoors. And exciting finds are made in Mississippi, including remains, teeth of larger than any living today, and and teeth of Ice Age mastodons.

Bulletin 128 compiles information on all the scientific publications from the twentieth century on the vertebrate fossils (those from animals with backbones) of Mississippi. The author, Dr. Eleanor Daly, is a vertebrate paleontologist at the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science. She kindly offered the result of two years of research to the Office of Geology for publication. We are happy to make this excellent work available to the citizens of Mississippi and to specialists throughout the world.

Dr. Daly has prepared an annotated bibliography on the vertebrate paleontology of Mississippi. But the work goes far beyond that by providing a list of all the that have been identified with all scientific names revised to the modern nomenclature. The report also provides indexes back to the literature from scientific name and from geographic/stratigraphic locality. Bulletin 128 will be used extensively by amateur and professional paleontologists.

Respectfully submitted,

S. Cragin Knox Director and State Geologist

OFFICE OF GEOLOGY, P. Q BOX 20307, JACKSON,.MS 39289-1307, (601) 961-5500, FAX (601) 961-5521 CONTENTS

Page

Abstract -3

Introduction 3

ABrief Historyof Publicationon Mississippi 3

Acknowledgments -5

TheListof Fossil VertebratesReported from Mississippi 5

The Annotated Bibliography on Vertebrate Fossils ofMississippi 12

Systematic Index 30

Geographic/Stratigraphic Index 38

References «47

A LIST, BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX OF THE FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI

Eleanor Daly Mississippi Museum of Natural Science Jackson, Mississippi 39201

ABSTRACT discovered in the vertebrate paleontology of Mississippi, as follows: Species of fossil vertebrates reported from the Natchez period, from 1845through 1875 Mississippi during the twentieth century are listed the decline period, from 1883 to 1913 under the formations where they were found. The the Geological Survey period, from 1915 through twentieth-century bibliography of 126 titles is 1963 annotated with names of fossil species and elements the acceleration period, from 1965 through 1991 found, along with other information pertinent to A version of this history was presented to the Mississippi paleontology. Systematic and Mississippi Academy of Sciences on February 21, geographic-stratigraphic indexesareprovided. 1991. The 31-year Natchez period is so called because INTRODUCTION of the prominence of the large- fauna collected near Natchez in the literature of the In 1969 Daryl P. Domning, then of Tulane time. Of the 47 publications of this period, fully 30 University, published his list, bibliography and dealt more or less with elements of this fauna. Its index of the fossil vertebrates of and existence, and the proximity of informed and well Mississippi. The termination date of Domning's connected collectors greatly contributed to the compilation was as of the end of 1968. He believed importance of the South during the early years of that new literature appeared so infrequently that the North American vertebrate paleontology. exact date was unimportant. However, from the Domning's historical introduction deals largely with perspective of the present,a corner had already been the Natchez period because that is when things were turned, and the publication rate was beginning to happening in the area. increase. Now, more than twenty years later, there is In 1845, the opening date, two papers on evident use in having an updated bibliography. Mississippi geology and vertebrate fossils were read Limiting the coverage of the list and to the Association of American Geologists and bibliography to Mississippi rather than including Naturalists in New Haven, and published in its Louisiana as Domning did reduces the size of the proceedings later that year. These were the first project, a desirable objective this time around. papers in a professional outlet to deal primarily with Another deliberate limitation is confinement to the the fossil resources of Mississippi. The closing date twentieth century, so that the date of the oldest of the Natchez period is placed at a seven-year gap reference herein is 1901. The resulting new in the publication record. The appearance of 47 bibliography contains 126 entries, in contrast to publications in 31 years makes an average of 15 per Domning's 169. The new list of taxa is likewise year. limited to those reported in twentieth-century The majority of the papers were produced by literature, but that has led to few omissions in professional biologists based in eastern institutions. comparison with the previous list. Collection and shipping was done mostly by local hobbyists who wanted to have their finds identified. A BRIEF HISTORY OF PUBLICATION Best known of the collectors were Benjamin L. C. ON MISSISSIPPI Wailes and William H. Huntington (Natchez) and William Spillman of Columbus. Columbus is located It is appropriate to begin with an overview in the productive Upper deposits of of the subject and period, as Domning did. The northeastern Mississippi. Parts of their collections are present work will not attempt to carry forward his still extant, although not in Mississippi. entertaining and informative account of the Joseph Leidy, a founder of American vertebrate personalities and events of the early years. For a paleontology, might be considered the patron saint simpler history, the complete bibliography was of the Natchez fauna. He first took notice of it when inspected to determine whether its century-and-a- Montroville Dickeson announced the discovery of a half span could be divided into manageable human pelvis fragment among and mastodon segments. Four readily recognizable periods were bones before the Philadelphia Academy in 1846. The MISSISSIPPI OFFICE OF GEOLOGY supposedly Pleistocene "Natchez Man" attracted Survey bulletins, hence the name given the period. everyone's attention. Leidy's first paper on Natchez Their authors are purely geological workers who appeared in 1847 and described a new horse species note the presence of vertebrates as a feature of the from material brought back by Dickeson. He made sediments in this or that section. Their the last addition to its known fauna in 1870, when he identifications are on the level of "shark teeth", described a muskox . Altogether, Leidy has 19 "" and "zeuglodon" due to their limited entries on Mississippi in Domning's bibliography, interest, but without their work the record of this including ten on Natchez and six on Upper period would be much worse. The remaining 21 Cretaceous vertebrates. papers lead to a rate of about 0.4 per year. A total of fourteen papers of this period mention The event of this period is the discovery of an elements of Mississippi's Cretaceous fauna. Edward titanothere, Notiotitanops, in eastern D. Cope, another big name in nineteenth century Mississippi. It was collected by Professor J. vertebrate paleontology, described a new mosasaur Magruder Sullivan of Millsaps College in Jackson, and a new marine from near Columbus. and was shipped east to the National Museum to be Between 1883 and 1913, 21 publications mention identified and described (Gazin and Sullivan, 1942), Mississippi vertebrate fossils, making a rate of 0.7 in the traditional manner. per year during the decline period. Eleven papers Natchez Man resurfaced when Wilson's (1892) mention the Natchez fauna, but five of them are fluorine testing was rediscovered (Stewart, 1951), concerned with Natchez Man. The other six add prompting two anthropologists to travel to Natchez nothing to knowledge of the fauna. Five publications to see what else could be found (Quimby, 1956). The concern Cretaceous fossils, of which one describes locality was long since destroyed by erosion, and two new species. nothing was present. Quimby finished his article A notable publication of the period is Thomas with a suggestion that radiocarbon dating be used to Wilson's "Man and the " which appeared in settle the question of the exact age of the loess and 1892. In it he announced that the fluorine test done the bones within or under it. on the fragment of Natchez Man showed it to be Toward the end of the period, two new papers more mineralized than a supposedly associated sloth on Gulf Coast otoliths appeared (Frizzell . Other events: in 1888, Koken's monograph on and Lamber, 1961,1962). They seem worth special Eocene and otoliths (fish ear stones) mention because, apparently for the first time since brought from Mississippi; and in 1901, Gidley's 1929, someone went to Mississippi to collect study horse monograph, in which (among other things) material in vertebrate paleontology (in 1929 Kellogg five named species are synonymized into one, based and Boss digressed into Clarke County while on a tooth from Natchez. hunting archaeocetes in ). Why did publication on southeastern vertebrate During the 27 years of the acceleration or fossils drop off after a running start? Domning modern period (1965 through 1991), 71 publications supplied answers. First, the fossil from the on Mississippi came out, for a rate of about 2.6 per area, the mastodon, the ground , and the year. It is more revealing to calculate the rate for archaeocete became well known and no new successive segments: for 1965 through 1970,1.7 per spectacular animals came to light. Second, the year; for 1971 through 1980, 2.6 per year; for 1981 frontier moved west, and the vast untouched fossil through 1990, 3.3 per year. The rate may still be on beds of the plains and mountains were discovered the upcurve, because seven papers came out in 1991. and took the attention of the eastern researchers. The majority of modern authors are paleontologists, Local collectors continued their interest, but the other and some are even residents of the state. Most of half of the team had defected. their study material is still in Mississippi. The 49-year Geological Survey period opens with The acceleration period has been eventful as well the publication in 1915 of a book on the general as prolific. In the summer of 1969, an expedition set geology of Mississippi written by E. N. Lowe, out from the Los Angeles County Museum to collect director of the newly reincarnated Survey (the enough material to complete a previous one had lapsed in 1872). The period closes exhibit. The original plan was to collect in Alabama, just before the first year in which papers on the state where most fossil whales had been found. Mississippi vertebrate paleontology begin to An advance scout stopped at Millsaps College on the consistently appear in multiples per year. The rate way, where he learned of a Mississippi Basilosaurus for the period is 0.8 per year. that had been reported to Professor Richard R. Nineteen of the 40 publications are Geological Priddy of the geology department. As a result the FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI

LACM party spent some time taking up Basilosaurus ACKNOWLEDGMENTS bones in Scott County (Applegate, 1969-1970), First of all, I must recognize the care and attended and assisted by members of the Mississippi diligence of Daryl P. Domning, on whose work this Gem and Mineral Society. The latter group was, and paper is based. The invaluable advice and assistance is, an association of earth science hobbyists that of Earl Manning, formerly of the geology museum of organized during the 50's in Jackson. Louisiana State University, contributed great The seventies opened with the finding of a improvements. Finally, I am grateful to John M. mountable Zygorhiza, the smaller Eocene Kaye for suggesting this project some years ago. archaeocete, in Yazoo County by other members of the Gem and Mineral Society (Dockery, 1974). This specimen became the official State Fossil and now THE LIST OF FOSSIL VERTEBRATES hangs on the rear wall of the main hall in the REPORTED FROM MISSISSIPPI Mississippi Museum of Natural Science. During the seventies, seven theses and The list is arranged by formation, starting with dissertations were submitted, each based at least the oldest and proceeding up the column to the partly on material collected in Mississippi especially youngest. European marine stage equivalents for the for the project. John M. Kaye of Columbus is an Cretaceous strata are taken from Mancini, Smith and author on seven papers during the decade, Russell (1984), and equivalents for the recommending him as its patron saint. Finally, the strata are from Dockery (1986). Taxa are entered in first issue of Mississippi Geology came out in 1980. the form This is a quarterly from the state Office of Geology, species author date (English name) created as an outlet for members and associates, and [synonymous name] has averaged two articles per issue. as in Domning's list. Only synonymous names During the eighties, Mississippi Geology was the appearing in twentieth-century literature are given. major vehicle for reports on vertebrate paleontology Sharks and other elasmobranchs are listed by names based on materials collected in the state, with twelve following Capetta (1987) wherever possible. While articles in this field. This is a substantial proportion not everyone will agree with what Capetta has done, of the total, and about 15% of the journal's articles for all interested parties will have a copy of his the decade. Four papers mentioning Mississippi monograph. None of this is meant to imply that the Eocene appeared in the Journal of Vertebrate present writer has checked anyone's identifications. Paleontology, the premier periodical in the field, That responsibility has been left to authors, and taxa which must mean arrival at national visibility for the are synonymized here solely from their published state. names. Events of the eighties include the collection of a skull of the Oligocene hippopotamus-like Chattanooga Formation, perissodactyl Metamynodon, and later a rhinoceros fish (probably placoderm) jaw from the same locality. In 1990, Natchez Man Fort Payne Formation, Mississippian was disposed of as an item of anthropological fish? (see Morse, 1930) interest when his keeper at the Academy in Cretaceous, undifferentiated Philadelphia sent the pelvis fragment away to be Discosaurus planior Leidy, 1870 radiocarbon dated. In spite of its mineralization (plesiosaur, indet.) grade it proved to be younger than Pleistocene Tuscaloosa Group, late to late (Hamilton, 1990). Coniacian The acceleration period provides reason for No vertebrate fossils have been reported as yet. optimism about prospects for vertebrate Eutaw Group, late Coniacian to early paleontology in Mississippi. It may never rival shark Horida and , but there is evidently more to do mortoni Agassiz, 1843(hybodont shark) here. The roster of Pleistocene mammals is probably [Hemiptychodus mortoni (Mantell, 1842)] not complete. Remains of large animals will fish continue to be found in near-shore deposits of earlier Anomoeodus phaseolus (Hay, 1899) times. Microspecimens collected by screen-washing (pycnodont fish) sediments are predicted to provide most of the [Pycnodus phaseolus Hay, 1899] additions to the faunal list. Neptunochelys tuberosa (Cope, 1872) (large ) MISSISSIPPI OFFICE OF GEOLOGY

mosasaur IRhinobatos incertus Capetta, 1973 (guitarfish) tympaniticus Cope, 1869 Pseudohypolophus mcnultyi (Thurmond, 1971) (mosasaur) (?guitarfish) McShan Formation of the Eutaw Group, late [Parahypolophus mcnultyi (Thurmond, 1971)] Coniacian to early Squatirhina sp. cf. S. lonzeensis Casier, 1947 Five dinosaur fragments maybe from the (?guitarfish) McShan (Carpenter, 1982) Rajasp. (skate) theropod Ischyrhiza sp. () ?omimomirnid (Baird, 1986) Ischyrhiza sp. aff. I. miraLeidy, 1856 (sawfish) hadrosaurs (2) ISclerorhynchus sp. (sawfish) dinosaur, indet. sp. (rajiform ray) ofthe Eutaw Group, Santonian to Ptychotrygon triangularis (Reuss, 1845) early Campanian (rajiformray) Fivedinosaur fragments (listed above) may be Ptychotrygon sp. aff. P.hooveri McNulty and from the Eutaw rather man the McShan. Slaughter, 1972 (rajiform ray) Tombigbee Sand Member of the Eutaw Formation, cf. Dasyatissp. (stingray) early Campanian ?urolophid (myliobatiform ray) The named elasmobranchs are from Meyer Anomoeodus sp. (pycnodont fish) (1974) and Emry, Archibald and Smith (1981). Hadrodus priscus Leidy, 1857 (pycnodont fish) shark mosasaur Hybodus sp. (hybodont shark) IMosasaurus sp. Hybodus sp. aff. H. butledThurmond, 1971 hadrosaur (duckbilled dinosaur) (hybodont shark) eutherian mammal Lissodus sp. aff. L. breve (Patterson, 1966) , early Campanian to middle (hybodont shark) [Lonchiodon sp. aff. L. breve Patterson,1966] shark Agassiz, 1843 mosasaur (hybodont shark) sp. [Hemiptychodus cf. H. mortoni (Mantell, 1842)] hadrosaur (duckbilled dinosaur) Squatina hassei Leriche,1929 (angelshark) hadrosaurine (duckbilled dinosaur) ChUoscyllium greeni (Capetta,1973) Coffee Sand of the Selma Group, early to middle (hemiscylliid shark) Campanian Cantioscyllium sp (ginglymostomatid shark) The named elasmobranchs are from Meyer (1974) Ginglymostoma sp. (nurse shark) and Case (1991), and the (except Rhincodon sp. () Anomoeodus) are from Nolf and Dockery (1990). Odontaspis sp. cf. O. tenuis Davis, 1890 The fish were studied from otoliths and their () nomenclature follows conventions in current use sp. (sand shark) by students of fossil otoliths, Scapanorhynchus texanus Roemer, 1845 shark (goblin shark) Lissodus sp. aff. L. breve (Patterson,1966) Cretolamna sp. (lamniform shark) (hybodont shark) Cretolamna appendiculata (Agassiz, 1843) [Lonchiodon sp. aff. L. breve Patterson, 1966] (lamniform shark) Squatina hassei Leriche,1929 (angel shark) mantelli(Agassiz, 1843) ChUoscyllium greeni(Capetta, 1973) (lamniform shark) (hemiscylliid shark) sp. (lamniform shark) Hemiscyllium sp. (bamboo shark) Paranomotodon sp. aff. P.angustidens (Reuss, 1845) Cantioscyllium sp. (ginglymostomatid shark) (thresher) Ginglymostoma Capetta and Case, 1975 [Anomotodon sp. aff. A. angustidens (Reuss, (nurse shark) 1845)] Odontaspis tenuisDavis, 1890 (sand shark) sp. (crow shark) ICarcharias sp. 1 (sand shark) Squalicorax sp. aff. S. kaupi (Agassiz, 1843) This maybe a juvenile Scapanorhynchus tooth (crow shark) (Case, 1991). scyliorhinid type 2 (catshark) Carcharias sp. 2 (sand shark) FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI

Scapanorhynchus texanus (Roemer, 1845) vertebrate fossils in this unit. (goblin shark) shark Cretolamna appendiculata (Agassiz, 1843) Ptychodus sp. (hybodont shark) (lamniform shark) fish Paranomotodon sp. aff. P.angustidens (Reuss, 1845) of the Selma Group, middle (thresher) Campanian to early Maastrichtian [Anomotodon sp. aff. A. angustidens (Reuss, shark 1845)] Squalicorax sp. (crow shark) laevis (Leriche, 1906) Pseudocorax sp. (false crow shark) (false crow shark) Ischyrhiza sp. (sawfish) Pseudocorax grantiCapetta and Case, 1975 Myliobatis sp. (eagleray) (false crow shark) Anomoeodus latidens Gidley, 1913(pycnodont fish) Squalicorax kaupi (Agassiz, 1843) (crow shark) Pachyrhizodus sp. (elopiform fish) scyliorhinid type 4 (cat shark) sp. (aulopiform fish) IRhinobatos incertus Capetta, 1973 (guitarfish) cf. gladius (billftsh) Ischyrhiza mira Leidy, 1856 (sawfish) Wothremys sp. (pelomedusid sea turtle) ISclerorhynchus sp. (sawfish) chelosphargine (protostegid sea turtle) Sclerorhynchus sp. (sawfish) sp. (protostegid sea turtle) Ptychotrygon sp. aff. P. triangularis (Reuss, 1845) toxochelyid (sea turtle) (rajiform) IPeritresius sp. (toxochelyid sea turtle) Ptychotrygon vermiculata Capetta, 1975 (rajiform) Prionochelys nauta Zangerl, 1953 IHypolophus sp. (stingray) (toxochelyid sea turtle) fish barberi (Schmidt, 1944) Anomoeodus mississippiensis Gidley, 1913 (toxochelyid sea turtle) (pycnodont fish) Toxochelys moorevillensis Zangerl, 1953 ?megalopid (?) (toxochelyid sea turtle) pterothrissid (bonefish) mosasaur "Pterothrissidarum" griffini Nolf and Dockery, Mosasaurus conodon (Cope, 1881) (mosasaur) 1990 (bonefish) Globidens alabamaensis Gilmore, 1912 (mosasaur) Pterothrissus sp. (bonefish) sp. (mosasaur) "Albulidarum" ensisNolf and Dockery, 1990 cf. P. solvayi DoUo,1889 (mosasaur) (bonefish) plesiosaur "Albulidarum" aff. sohli (Frizzell, 1965)(bonefish) elasmosaurid (plesiosaur) aff. sp. (bonefish) crocodile congrid (conger ) ornithischian dinosaur salmoniform fish hadrosaur (duckbilled dinosaur) ariid (marine catfish) of the Selma Group, early to "Synodontidarum" pseudoperca Nolf and middle Maastrichtian Dockery, 1990 (lizardfish) The named elasmobranchs are from Meyer acanthomorph fish (1974) (except Scapanorhynchus and Cretolamna) "Trachichthyidarum" coffeesandensis Nolf and and the fish are from Stringer (1991). The latter Dockery, 1990 (slimehead) is an otolith study. holocentrid (squirrelfish) shark "Perciformorum" cepoloides Nolf and Dockery, Squatina hassei Leriche, 1929 (angelshark) 1990 ChUoscyllium greeni (Capetta, 1973) "Percoideorum" pseudochandra Nolf and (hemiscylliid shark) Dockery, 1990 Cantioscyllium sp. (ginglymostomatid shark) Percoidei sp. (three) Odontaspis tenuis Davis, 1890 (sand shark) apogonid (cardinalfish) Scapanorhynchus texanus (Roemer, 1845) aff. Bathyclupea sp. (percoid fish) (goblin shark) hadrosaur (duckbilled dinosaur) Cretolamna cf. (lamniform shark) of the Selma Group, a partial ?Rhinobatos incertus Capetta, 1973 (guitarfish) equivalent of the Coffee Sand ISclerorhynchus sp. (sawfish) Stephenson and Monroe (1940) found a few Ptychotrygon sp. aff. P. triangularis (Reuss, 1845) MISSISSIPPI OFFICE OF GEOLOGY

(rajiform) Nebrius thielensis (Winkler, 1873) (nurse shark) IHypolophus sp. (stingray) "IHypotodus" robustus Leriche, 1921 (sand shark) ?urolophid (myliobatiformray) This needs a new genus assignment (Capetta, ?mobulid (devil ray) 1987). Jaekelotodus trigonalis (Jaekel, 1895) (sand shark) megalopid (tarpon) Odontaspis speyeri Darteville and Casier, 1943 "Pterothrissidarum" griffini Nolf and Dockery, (sand shark) 1990 (bonefish) Striatolamia macrota (Agassiz, 1843) (sand shark) Pterothrissus sp. (bonefish) [Eugomphodus macrotus (Agassiz, 1843)] albulid (bonefish) Carcharias hopei (Agassiz, 1843) (sand shark) "Albulidarum" ensis Nolfand Dockery, 1990 [Eugomphodus hopei (Agassiz, 1843)] (bonefish) Carcharias substriata (Stromer, 1910) congrid (conger eel) (sand shark) argentinid (argentine) [Eugomphodus substriatus (Stromer, 1910)] salmoniform fish Cretolamna aschersoni (Stromer, 1905) ariid (marine catfish) (lamniform shark) sternoptychid (hatchetfish) [Lamna aschersoni Stromer, 1905] Enchodus Ipetrosus Cope, 1874 (aulopiform fish) "Lamna" lerichei (lamniform shark) "Synodontidarum" pseudoperca Nolf and Galeus sp. (carcharhiniform shark) Dockery, 1990 (lizardfish) Scyliorhinus gilberti Casier, 1946 (cat shark) gadid (codfish) Scyliorhinus subulidens Arambourg, 1952 ophidiid (cusk-eel) (cat shark) polymixiid (beardfish) [Abdounia subulidens (Arambourg, 1952)] 'Trachichthyidarum" coffeesandensis Nolfand Galeorhinus affinis (soupfin shark) Dockery, 1990 (slimehead) Galeorhinus lefevrei (Daimeries, 1891) Percoidei sp. (two) (soupfin shark) apogonid sp. (two) (cardinalfish) Galeorhinus minor (Agassiz, 1843) (soupfin shark) pempheridid (sweeper) Galeorhinus ypresiensis Casier, 1946 Thoracosaurus neocesariensis (De Kay, 1842) (soupfin shark) (crocodilian) Abdounia beaugei Arambourg, 1935 Prairie Bluff Formation of the Selma Group, middle (carcharhiniform shark) Maastrichtian ICarcharhinus sp. (carcharhiniform shark) shark Physogaleus tertius (Winkler, 1874) fish (carcharhiniform shark) mosasaur Pristis lathami Galeotti, 1837 (sawfish) Owl Creek Formation of the Selma Group, middle Dasyatis jaekeli (Leriche, 1905) (stingray) Maastrichtian Jacquhermania duponti(Winkler, 1874) shark (myliobatiform ray) fish Coupatezia woutersiCapetta, 1982 Clayton Formation, Lower , (myliobatiform ray) shark Myliobatis sp. (eagle ray) Porters Creek Formation, Lower Paleocene, Danian Burnhamia sp. (manta) shark Lepisosteus suessionensis Gervais (gar) Nanafalia Formation, Upper Paleocene, Selandian Pycnodus bowerbanki Egerton (pycnodont fish) No fossil vertebrates have been reported as yet. teleost Tuscahoma Formation, Upper Paleocene, Selandian Brychaetus muelleri Woodward Most of the Tuscahoma Formation does not have (osteoglossiform fish) reported fossil vertebrates. Listed here is the Albula oweni (Owen) (bonefish) vertebrate fauna of its uppermost part at Albula eppsi White and Frost (bonefish) Meridian. The elasmobranchs and fish are from toliapicus Agassiz (elopiform fish) lists in Case (1986). Egertonia isodonta Cocchi (elopiform fish) shark Arius sp. (marine catfish) Ginglymostoma subafricana Arambourg, 1952 Trichiurides sagittidensWinkler (cutlasshsh) (nurse shark) Scomberomorus proosti(Storms) FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI

(Spanish mackerel) Middle Eocene, Lutetian [Cybium proosti Storms] archaeocete Cylindracanthus sp. (?billfish) Cook Mountain Formation of the Claiborne Group, Xiphias sp. () Middle Eocene, Eotrigonodon serratus (Gervais) Notiotitanops mississivpiensis Gazin and Sullivan, 1942 (southern titanothere) sp. (aquatic snake) Cockfield Formation of the Claiborne Group, Middle Palaeophis caseiHolman, 1982 (aquatic snake) Eocene, Bartonian Palaeophis littoralis Cope, 1868 (aquatic snake) No vertebrate fossils have been reported as yet. Palaeophis virginianus Lynn, 1934 (aquatic snake) Moodys Branch Formation, upper Middle Eocene, mammal Bartonian Bashi Formation, Lower Eocene, The named fauna is largely from Breard (1978, Named fish also present in the Tuscahoma 1991). Formation are likewise from Case (1986). shark shark Carcharias hopei (Agassiz, 1843) (sand shark) Lepisosteus suessionensis Gervais (gar) [Odontaspis hopei (Agassiz, 1843)] Pycnodus bowerbanki Egerton (pycnodont fish) Isurus hastalis (Agassiz, 1843) (mako) Genartina sp. (osteoglossiform fish) Isuruspraecursor (Leriche, 1905) (mako) Albula oweni (Owen) (bonefish) "Lamna" lerichei Casier, 1946 (lamniform shark) Albula eppsi White and Frost (bonefish) Carcharoclesauriculatus (Blainville, 1818) Eoalbula meridiana Frizzell, 1965 (bonefish) (giant shark) Metalbula bashiana Frizzell, 1965 (bonefish) [ auriculatus Blainville, 1818] Egertonia isodonta Cocchi (elopiform fish) Hemipristis curvatus Dames, 1883 Phylbdus toliapicus Agassiz (elopiform fish) (snaggletooth shark) "Conger" meridies Frizzell and Lamber, 1962 [Hemipristis wyattdurhami White, 1956] (anguilliform fish) Abdounia enniskilleni (White, 1956) Trichiurdes sagittidens Winkler (cutlassfish) (carcharhiniform shark) Scomberomorus proosti (Storms) [Scyliorhinus enniskilleni White, 1956] (Spanish mackerel) gibbesi (Woodward, 1889) [Cybium proosti Storms] () Eosolea sp. (sole) [Negaprion gibbesi (Woodward, 1889)] Eotrigonodon serratus (Gervais) Galeocerdo clarkensis White, 1956 () snake Physogaleus huberensis (Case, 1981) Palaeophis llittoralis Cope, 1868 (aquatic snake) (carcharhiniform shark) Palaeophis virginianus Lynn, 1934 (aquatic snake) [Galeorhinushuberensis Case, 1981] alligator Pristis lathami Galeotti, 1837 (sawfish) archaeocete Aetobatus sp. (spotted eagle ray) omomyid (primate) [Aetobatis sp.] Hatchetigbee Formation, Lower Eocene, Ypresian Myliobatis sp. (eagleray) No vertebrate fossils have been reported as yet. fish Claiborne Group, Lower to Middle Eocene, mid- Albula sp. (bonefish) Ypresian to upper Bartonian Anguilla sp. (eel) shark Ariosoma sp. (conger eel) fish "Conger" breoior (Koken, 1888) Ekokenia eporrecta (Koken, 1888) (drum) (anguilliform fish) "Otolithus" aff. umbonato Koken, 1888 "Conger" vetustus Frizzell and Lamber, 1962 Meridian Sand of the Claiborne Group, Lower (anguilliform fish) Eocene, Ypresian Ariussp. (marine catfish) No vertebrate fossils have been reported as yet. Preophidion sp. (gadiform fish) Winona Formation of the Claiborne Group, Middle Brazosiella sp. (beryciform fish) Eocene, Lutetian Allomorone sp. (sea bass) shark Corvina intermedia (Koken, 1888) (drum) fish Jefitchia claybornensis (Koken, 1888) (drum) Kosciusko Formation of the Claiborne Group, Sphyraena sp. (barracuda) 10 MISSISSIPPI OFFICE OF GEOLOGY

Sphyraena cf. S. major Leidy, 1855 (barracuda) Corvina gemma (Koken, 1888) (drum) Cylindracanthus cf. C. rectus (Agassiz, 1843) Corvina pseudoradians Dante and Frizzell in (?billfish) Frizzell and Dante, 1965 (drum) Eosolea sp. (sole) sirenian (sea cow) Diodon sp. () Marianna Formation of the Vicksburg Group Pterosphenus schucherti Lucas, 1899 Carcharocles auriculatus (Blainville, 1818) (aquatic snake) (giant shark) archaeocete [Carcharodon auriculatus Blainville, 1818] Zygorhiza kochii (Reichenbach, 1847) (archaeocete) Glendon Formation of the Vicksburg Group Basilosaurus cetoides (Owen, 1839) (archaeocete) shark Yazoo Formation,Upper Eocene, fish shark "Conger" brevior (Koken, 1888) (anguilliform fish) Isurus sp. (mako) "Conger" sanctus Frizzell and Lamber, 1961 Isurus praecursor (Leriche, 1905) (mako) (anguilliform fish) Carcharocles auriculatus (Blainville, 1818) SHntonia glendonensis Frizzell and Lamber, 1961 (giant shark) (squirrelfish) [Carcharodonauriculatus Blainville, 1818] Weileria brandonis Frizzell and Lamber, 1961 Pristis sp. (sawfish) (squirrelfish) fish Corvina gemma (Koken, 1888) (drum) Eoalbula sp. (bonefish) Corvina pseudoradians Dante and Frizzell in clupeid (herring) Frizzell and Dante, 1965 (drum) Xiphiorhynchus kimblalocki Fierstine and Byram Formation of the Vicksburg Group Applegate, 1974 (billfish) Carcharocles auriculatus (Blainville, 1818) Cylindracanthus rectus Agassiz, 1843 (?billfish) (giant shark) xiphiid (swordfish) [Carcharodonauriculatus Blainville, 1818] Pterosphenus schucherti Lucas, 1899 "Conger" brevior (Koken, 1888) (anguilliform fish) (aquatic snake) SHntonia glendonensis Frizzell and Lamber, 1961 Eopteryx mississippiensis Meyer, 1887(bird, indet.) (squirrelfish) Zygorhiza kochii (Reichenbach, 1847) (archaeocete) Corvina gemma (Koken, 1888) (drum) Basilosaurus cetoides (Owen, 1839) (archaeocete) Corvina pseudoradians Dante and Frizzell in Vicksburg Group, Lower Oligocene, Frizzell and Dante, 1965 (drum) Striatolamia macrota (Agassiz, 1843) (sand shark) Metamynodon planifrons Scott and Osborn, 1887 [Odontaspis macrota (Agassiz, 1843)] (amynodont) Corvina pseudoradians Dante and Frizzell in Subhyracodon sp. (rhinoceros) Frizzell and Dante, 1965 (drum) IHalitherium (sea cow) Red Bluff Formation of the Vicksburg Group Bucatunna Formation of the Vicksburg Group Odontaspis sp. (sand shark) fish fish Chickasawhay Formation, lower Upper Oligocene, "Conger'* brevior (Koken, 1888) (anguilliform fish) Chattian "Conger" sanctusFrizzell and Lamber, 1962 Odontaspis sp. (sand shark) (anguilliform fish) Aetobatus sp. (spotted eagle ray) Corvina gemma (Koken, 1888) (drum) [Aetobatis sp.] Corvina pseudoradians Dante and Frizzell in silurid (catfish) Frizzell and Dante, 1965 (drum) Sphyraena sp. (barracuda) Sphyraena sp. (barracuda) turtle sirenian (sea cow) trionychid (softshell turtle) ForestHill Formation of the Vicksburg Group sirenian (sea cow) No vertebrate fossils havebeen reported as yet. Oligocene, Upper Mint Spring Formation of theVicksburg Group No vertebrate fossils have been reported as yet. shark , undifferentiated ray Carcharocles (Agassiz, 1837) "Conger" brevior (Koken, 1888)(anguilliform fish) (giant shark) SHntonia glendonensis Frizzell and Dante, 1961 [Carcharodon megalodon Agassiz, 1837] (squirrelfish) Hattiesburg Formation, Miocene FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI 11

No vertebrate fossils have been reported as yet. Procyon lotor (Linnaeus, 1758) (raccoon) Pascagoula Formation, Miocene bear fish Arctoduscf. A. simus (Cope, 1879) lepisosteid (gar) (greater short-faced bear) crocodile Arctodus simus(Cope, 1879) Graham Ferry Formation, ,and Citronelle (greater short-faced bear) Formation, Plio-Pleistocene Tremarctos floridanus (Gidley, 1928) No vertebrate fossils have been reported as yet. (Florida spectacled bear) Rancholabrean Land Mammal Age, Upper Ursus americanus Pallas, 1780 (black bear) Pleistocene, and/or Holocene [Ursus amplidens Leidy, 1853] This list is compiled from Kaye (1974),Kurt6n Glaucomys volans (Linnaeus, 1758) and Kaye (1982), and Frazier and Lenzor (1985). (eastern flying squirrel) Taxonomic authorities for this section are Ernst Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin, 1788 (gray squirrel) and Barbour (1989) () and Kurten and Castorcanadensis Kuhl, 1820 (beaver) Anderson (1980) (mammals). Castoroides ohioensis Foster,1838 (giantbeaver) sp. (softshell turtle) Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord, 1815) [ sp.] (meadow vole) serpentina (Linnaeus, 1758) Microtus pinetorum (Le Conte, 1830) (pine vole) (snapping turtle) [Pitymyspinetorum (Le Conte, 1830)] Macroclemys temminckii(Troost in Holbrook, Neotoma floridana (Ord, 1818) (eastern wood rat) 1836) (alligator snapping turtle) Ondatra sp. (muskrat) Terrapene Carolina (Linnaeus, 1758) Ondatrazibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766) (muskrat) (eastern ) Sigmodon hispidus Say and Ord, 1825 Emydoidea blandingii (Holbrook, 1838) (hispid cotton rat) (Binding's turtle) Synaptomys coopedBaird, 1858 Chrysemys picta (Schneider, 1783) () (southern bog lemming) scripta (Schoepf, 1792)(common slider) Hydrochoerus sp. (capybara) [Chrysemys scripta (Schoepf, 1792)] Sylvilagus cf. S.aquaHcus (Bachman, 1837) nelsoni Carr, 1938 (swamp rabbit) (Florida red-bellied turtle) Sylvilagus floridanus (Allen, 1890) [Chrysemys nelsoni (Carr, 1938)] (cottontail rabbit) cf. G. crassiscutata (Leidy) (giant turtle) Mylohyus sp. (peccary) large bird Platygonus sp. (peccary) wadingbird Hemiauchenia sp. (llama) Meleagris cf. M. gallopavo Linnaeus, 1758 (turkey) [Tanupolama sp.] Didelphis sp. (opossum) Odocoileus virginianus(Zimmermann, 1780) Blarina carolinensis (Bachman, 1837) (whitetailed deer) (southern short-tailed shrew) Cervus sp. (wapiti) [Blarina brevicauda (Say,1823); this is the Bison sp. northern sp.] Bison cf.B. laHfrons (Harlan, 1825) (giantbison) felid (cat) Bootherium bombifrons (Harlan, 1825) (muskox) Felis amnicola Gillette, 1976 (river cat) [Symbos cavifrons (Leidy, 1852)] Felis cf. F. weidiiSchinz, 1821 (margay) [Ovibos sp.] Lynx rufus (Schreber, 1777) (bobcat) Equus sp. (horse) Panthera leo atrox (Leidy, 1853) (American lion) Equus cf. E. complicatus Leidy, 1858 [Felis atroxLeidy, 1853] (eastern horse) canid Equus complicatus Leidy, 1858 (eastern horse) Urocyon sp. (gray fox) [Equus intermedius Cope, 1895] Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Schreber, 1775) [Equus eous Hay, 1899] (gray fox) [Equus leidyiHay, 1913] Canis cf. C. latrans Say, 1823 (coyote) [Equus major DeKay, 1842] Canis latrans Say, 1823 (coyote) Equus cf. E. conversidens Owen, 1869 Caniscf. C. rufus Audubon and Bachman, 1851 (Mexican horse) (red wolf) Equus cf. E.fraternus Leidy, 1860 (brother horse) 12 MISSISSIPPI OFFICE OF GEOLOGY

Equus fraternus Leidy, 1860 (brotherhorse) An expedition from the Los Angeles County Equus simplicidens Cope,1892 (American zebra) Museum took up three partial of Equus cf. E. tau Owen,1869 (pygmy onager) Basilosaurus from the Upper Eocene Yazoo [Equus francisi Hay, 1915] Formation in Scott County. One came from the Tapirus sp. (tapir) Huff farm near Forest, and the other two from Tapirus copei Simpson, 1945 (Cope'stapir) the Idom farm near Pinkston Hill. A concretion [Tapirus haysii Leidy, ?1860] of stomach contents associated with one whale Tapirus veroensis Sellards, 1918 (Vero tapir) contained shark and fish remains. Herring scales [Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758)] and a mako tooth have been identified. A tooth Mammut americanum (Kerr, 1792) of Carcharocles auriculatus was associated with (American mastodon) one of the specimens also. A visitor showed the Mammuthus sp. (mammoth) diggers parts of the large billfish Xiphiorhynchus, [Elephas sp.] and presented them with a small archaeocete Dasypus bellus (Simpson, 1930) (armadillo) from the Lower Eocene Bashi Holmesina septentrionalis (Leidy, 1889) Formation. (northern pampathere) Arata, Andrew A., and Crawford G. Jackson, Jr., [Chlamytherium septentrionalis (Leidy, 1889)] 1965, Cenozoic vertebrates from the Gulf Coastal sloth Plain - 1: Tulane Studies in Geology, v. 3, no. 3, jeffersonii (Desmarest, 1822) p. 175-177. (Jefferson's ) Two small Oligocene marine faunas are reported [Megalonyx dissimilis Leidy,1855] from east-central Mississippi. One is from the [Ereptodon priscus Leidy,1855] Chickasawhay Formation south of Waynesboro, sp. (giantground sloth) Wayne County. A complete sirenian was harlani (Owen, 1840) found, together with 25 rib pieces and a (Harlan's ground sloth) damaged vertebra. Also found were Odontaspis [Mylodon harlani Owen, 1840] teeth, Aetobatus plate fragments, Sphyraena teeth, [Paramylodon nebraskensis Brown, 1903] a catfish spine, a trionychid pleural plate, and a piece of another turtle. The second locality is in the Red Bluff Formation near Hiwanee, Wayne THE ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON County. A sirenian rib fragment and Odontaspis VERTEBRATE FOSSILS OF MISSISSIPPI and Sphyraena teeth were found. Baird, Donald, 1986, Upper Cretaceous from Criteria for inclusion in the bibliography are the Severn Formation of Maryland: The about the same as Domning's. Most of the references Mosasaur, v. 3, p. 63-85. are concerned with sightings or collections of The author notes the presence of the crocodilian vertebrate fossils from various localities and/or Thoracosaurus in the Ripley Formation of formations in the state. Important secondary Mississippi (Carpenter, 1983) as well as the literature on fossils from Mississippi is included also, Maastrichtian of the east (77). He also notes that while minor mentions have been omitted. As in a theropod pedal phalanx (MMNS VP 103) Domning's paper, newspapers, encyclopedias, described from Mississippi (Carpenter, 1982) is textbooks, and most bibliographies have not been identical to a right pedal phalanx III-l of considered as sources. Some articles on Natchez Ornithomimus anHquus, although slightly smaller Man and the mounted Zygorhiza are included purely (80). Carpenter rejected the possibility that the for their historical interest. For long articles, relevant specimen could be an ornithomimid bone. pagesare indicatedin parentheses. Currently correct Beard, K. Christopher, and Alan R. Tabrum, 1991, names, where possible, have been used in the The first early Eocene mammal from eastern annotations, which may not be the same as the : an omomyid primate from the author's usage. This practice is expected to be more Bashi Formation, Lauderdale County, helpful to those consulting the bibliography. Mississippi: Mississippi Geology, v. 11, no. 2, p. 1-6. Applegate, Shelton P., 1969-1970, Digging fossil A lower jaw fragment of an omomyid primate, whales in Mississippi with southern hospitality: bearing the third molar and the posterior root of Quarterly of the LosAngeles County Museumof the second molar, was found in the collections of Natural History, v. 8, no. 3, p. 26-31. the Yale Peabody Museum. It was collected from FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI 13

the early Eocene Bashi Formation exposed in indicate that the climate of the shore during Meridian, Lauderdale County. The Bashi Moodys Branch time was tropical. A large Formation must be temporally equivalent to part percentage of the vertebrates was derived from of the Wasatchian North American Land the Tethyan area, due to east to west Atlantic Mammal Age of the western interior. The marine currents. nannoplankton assemblage of the Bashi Breard, Sylvester Q., Jr., 1991, Paleoecology of a late Formation permits correlation with the lower Eocene (Bartonian) vertebrate fauna, Moodys part of the YpresianStage of . Branch Formation, Techeva Creek, Mississippi: Bergquist, Harlan R., 1942, Scott County geology: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies, Mississippi Geological Survey, Bulletin 49, p. 13- Transactions, v. 41, p. 43-55. 102. Twenty species of vertebrates have been Fragmentary Basilosaurus bones occur in places identified by the author from Techeva Creek, in the Upper Eocene Yazoo Formation in Scott north of Midway, Yazoo County. The majority of County (17, 36). A roadcut near Forest showed specimens are loose teeth. The fauna includes jaw fragments of this archaeocete (36). Several nine sharks, three rays, seven teleost fish, and the large vertebrae and rib pieces were seen cetacean Zygorhiza kochii. The eagle ray Myliobatis weathered out of the upper beds of the Yazoo is most abundant, as it is throughout the Gulf Formation at Pinkston Hill (46). Coast marine Cenozoic. As a whole the Bergquist, Harlan R., 1943, Clay County geology: vertebrates indicate a marine nearshore Mississippi Geological Survey, Bulletin 53, p. 11- environment, judged from the habitats of their 71. modern relatives and analogs. In the same way, Shark teeth are numerous in the Tombigbee Sand the invertebrate fauna indicates a shallow, high- Member of the Eutaw Formation at Bartons Bluff energy situation. and at Vinton Bluff (16, 17). The presence of Carpenter, Kenneth, 1982,The oldest shark teeth, and of and vertebrae of in North America?: Mississippi , in the Selma Chalk is noted (20). Geology, v. 3, no. 2, p. 11-17. Shark teeth and a mosasaur bone were found in A maxillary tooth crown of a hadrosaur has been the Demopolis Chalk four miles south of West collected from near Saltillo in Lee County, a Point (28), and possible mosasaur vertebral locality probably in the Selma Group. Five other fragments at Long Creek west of Siloam (30, 67). dinosaur parts come from the site of Lock A of A few shark teeth occurred in a limestone ledge the -Tombigbee Waterway, near above the Prairie Bluff Formation a mile west of Amory in Monroe County. The Lock A locality is Montpelier (41). Shark teeth and fish vertebrae in either the basal Eutaw Formation or the upper were in a Prairie Bluff section three miles McShan Formation. If McShan, the five bones northeast ofPheba (41,42). may be the oldest known Upper Cretaceous Breard, Sylvester Q., Jr., 1978, Macrofaunal ecology, dinosaur remains of North America. Kaye and climate, and biogeography of the Jackson Group Russell (1973) recommended a partial hadrosaur in Louisiana and Mississippi: unpublished from the Tombigbee Sand as the oldest master's thesis, Northeast Louisiana University, known N. A. dinosaur, but the Tombigbee Sand 159 p. is certainly younger than the McShan Formation. Six localities were comprehensively collected for Carpenter, Kenneth, 1983,Thoracosaurus neocesariensis all visible fossils. Three of the six localities were (De Kay, 1842) (Crocodylia: Crocodylidae) from in the Moodys Branch Formation of Mississippi. the Late Cretaceous Ripley Formation of An area near Midway, Yazoo County, yielded Mississippi: Mississippi Geology, v. 4, no. 1, p. teeth of nine elasmobranchs and otoliths of four 1-10. bony fish, plus Myliobatis caudal spines, a rostral Thoracosaurus has been collected from a locality section of Pristis lathami, Sphyraena teeth, and a in the Ripley Formation of Oktibbeha County. scapula and two teeth of Basilosaurus. An Parts preserved consist of the skull, jaw, 23 exposure on Town Creek in Jackson produced vertebrae, left scapula, coracoids, right ilium, left teeth of Myliobatis sp. and Sphyraena sp., and ischium, femora and 45 scutes. This is the most otoliths of eight bony fish. Riverside Park in complete North American skeleton to date of a Jackson provided two Myliobatis teeth and one Cretaceous crocodile that was previously poorly Sphyraena tooth (faunal list 81-102). All were in known, and accumulated a long list of shallow-water fades. Characteristics of the biota synonymous names. 14 MISSISSIPPI OFFICE OF GEOLOGY

Carpenter, Kenneth, and David T. Dockery, III, 1985, species, is the one found in Mississippi. "...and the bones came together, bone to his Conant, Louis C, 1939, Observations on the Midway bone." Ezekiel 37:7,The making of a state fossil: Group: Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Mississippi Geology, v. 6, no. 1, p. 1-6. Sciences, v. 1, p. 6-7. This is a brief account of this nearly complete Shark teeth are abundant in a coquina about one Zygorhiza skeleton, found in 1971 in the bed of foot thick, at a locality about 11/2 miles east of Thompson Creek near Tinsley, Yazoo County. Falkner, Tippah County. The layer is in the Emphasis is on the mounting procedure in the upper part of the Lower Paleocene Clayton Mississippi Museum of Natural Science, Formation. accompanied bya pictorial record. Conant, Louis C, 1941, Tippah County mineral Carpenter, Kenneth, and David White, 1986, Feeding resources: geology: Mississippi Geological in the archaeocete whale Zygorhiza kochii Survey, Bulletin 42, p. 11-110. (: Archaeoceti): Mississippi Geology, v. 7, Shark teeth were found at a location 11/2 miles no. 2, p. 1-14. east of Falkner, in the upper part of the Clayton The authors studied the skull and jaw of the Formation (31). Mastodon remains, including the previously reported specimen of Zygorhiza from jaw, several ribs, two or three vertebrae, a the upper Middle Eocene Moodys Branch scapula and parts of two femora, were recovered Formation at Thompson Creek, Yazoo County. from the channel of Dry Creek, from a gray clay They concluded that Zygorhiza is adapted to interpreted as a Pleistocene swamp bottom. eating large fish. Derstler, Kraig, 1988, A rich vertebrate fossil Case, Gerard R., 1982, A pictorial guide to fossils: assemblage from the upper Demopolis New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 514 p. Formation of Alabama and Mississippi: Journal A complete crusher tooth of Ptychodus mortoni of the Alabama Academy of Science, v. 59, no. 3, from the Eutaw Formation at Columbus, p. 144. Lowndes County, is figured in three views (254). A -rich fossil fauna is reported from an Case, Gerard R., 1986, The bony fishes () of interval of a few meters within the upper the Tuscahoma and Bashi formations, early Demopolis Formation of western Alabama and Eocene, Meridian, Lauderdale County, northeastern Mississippi. The fauna is Mississippi: Mississippi Geology, v. 6, no. 4, p. dominated by the mosasaurs Plioplatecarpus and 6-8. Mosasaurus conodon, and the sea turtles Fourteen species of teleost are reported from the Prionochelys nauta, Toxochelys barberi and T. Tuscahoma Formation at Meridian. Ten of these moorevillensis. Also found are the mosasaur species were found also in the Bashi Formation Prognathodon cf. P. solvayi, the sea turtles at the same locality. The remains are IBothremys, Protostega, a chelosphargine, and fragmentary, usually teeth and pieces of jaw. IPeritresius, plus a plesiosaur, a crocodile, and an Twenty-six elasmobranch species are listed as ?ornithischian dinosaur. Fishes are less common, present in the Tuscahoma at Meridian also, and include Squalicorax, Pseudocorax, Ischyrhiza, represented by teeth. The fossil aquatic snake Myliobatis, Pachyrhizodus, and Enchodus. Palaeophis casei is from the Tuscahoma Formation Dessem, Dean A., 1976, Eocene snakes of the Gulf at Meridian, rather than the Bashi, as previously Coastal region: unpublished bachelor honors thought. thesis, Tulane University, 34 p. Case, Gerard R., 1991, Selachians (sharks) from the Thoracic vertebrae of the fossil snake Palaeophis Tupelo Tongue of the Coffee Sand (Campanian, virginianus were collected at two localities in the Upper Cretaceous) in northern Lee County, Lower Eocene Bashi Formation (10-11). One Mississippi: Mississippi Geology, v. 11, no. 3, p. locality is in Meridian, and the other is on 1-8. Highway 19 southeast of Whynot, both in An assemblage of eleven taxa of elasmobranchs Lauderdale County (Highway 19is not in Wayne is described from a locality on the Griffin County as stated). Vertebrae of the fossil snake property near Chapelville, Lee County. None of Pterosphenus were also collected at two localities the elasmobranch taxa are new, with one in Mississippi (14): one in the upper Middle possible exception. There may be a tooth from a Eocene Moodys Branch Formation at Jackson, juvenile Scapanorhynchus, and if so it is a first Hinds County, and the other in the Upper report. Ptychotrygon triangularis is known only EoceneYazoo Formation at the Miss-Lite quarry from Texas so far. P. vermiculata, a widespread of Jackson Ready-Mix Concrete, located near FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI 15

Cynthia, Hinds County. The localities where Dobys Bluff represents a destructional shelf Pterosphenus was found strengthen the idea that environment created during marine it is a marine snake. transgression, while the Cook Mountain DeVries, David A., 1963, Jasper County mineral Formation includes marine shelf deposits. The resources:Mississippi Geological Survey, Bulletin Yazoo Formation is marine. 95, p. 11-52. Dockery, David T., Ill, 1981, Upper Eocene Fossil bone fragments presumed to be those of Carcharodons in Mississippi: Mississippi Basilosaurus were observed at several localities in Geology, v. 1, no. 4, p. 6. the Pachuta Marl Member of the Yazoo Teeth of Carcharocles auriculatus have been found Formation in Jasper County. Similar fragments in Jackson, near Midway in Yazoo County, and were seen also in the Shubuta Clay Member, in near Yazoo City. The first large Carcharocles teeth two pastures near Montrose (27, 29, table 12). in the Gulf Coastal Plain occur in the Jackson The author notes that Bergquist (1942) reported Group. Basilosaurus bones in the Pachuta Marl of Scott Dockery, David T., Ill, 1982a, Lesueur's Walnut Hills County, and that he said that most such fossils fossil shells: Mississippi Geology, v. 2, no. 3, p. had been found in the Shubuta Clay. A few fish 7-13. vertebrae and shark teeth can be found in the Naturalist Charles A. Lesueur visited the future Glendon Formation in Jasper County (40). site of Vicksburg in 1828 and collected fossils Dockery,David T., in, 1974, An Archaeoceti from the from the Lower Oligocene Mint Spring and Moodys Branch Formation (Upper Eocene) of Byram formations. He prepared twelve plates Mississippi: The Compass of Sigma Gamma illustrating the kinds of fossils he had found, Epsilon, v. 51, no. 3, p. 61-64. which are published for the first time with this Most of a specimen of Zygorhiza, including the article. Plates 2 and 3 show vertebrates, including skull and both jaws, was found in the Moodys recognizable teeth of Carcharias, Hemipristis, Branch Formation exposed in Thompson Creek, Galeocerdo, Carcharhinus, Carcharocles, and Yazoo County. This skeleton appears to be one of Myliobatis. Sagittae (saccular otoliths) of Corvina the best preserved archaeocetes ever found. The and Jefitchia are shown also, as are fish vertebrae specimen's history and the geology of the and possible sirenian rib fragments. locality where it was found are described. It is Dockery, David T., Ill, 1982b, Lower Oligocene now on exhibit in the Mississippi Museum of of the Vicksburg Group in Mississippi: Natural Science. Mississippi Bureau of Geology, Bulletin 123,p. 5- Dockery, David T., Ill, 1980, The invertebrate 261. macropaleontology of the Clarke County, Charles A. Lesueur's plates (see previous entry) Mississippi, area: Mississippi Bureau of are reproduced as Appendix II in this Geology, Bulletin 122,p. 5-387. monograph. See pages 240 and 241 for plates 2 The Bashi Formation of Lauderdale County is and 3. Fossil vertebrate remains were noted known to fossil collectors for its shark teeth, during field surveys of the Vicksburg Group. snake vertebrae, and alligator teeth (27). A Otoliths are common in sand lenses in the Red fragmented fossil rib was found at Dobys Bluff Bluff Formation exposed along the on the Chickasawhay River in the Kosciusko Chickasawhay River in Wayne County (16). Formation, Clarke County (45-46). The rib is Lower Oligocene shark and ray teeth occur in the tentatively identified as that of a small shell gravel at the base of the Mint Spring rhinoceros (another observer believes it to be Formation (18). cetacean: Earl Manning, pers. comm.). Vertebrae Dockery, David T., Ill, 1987,Metamynodon planifrons and other bones of Basilosaurus are common in from the Lower Oligocene Byram Formation - the Pachuta Marl Member of the Yazoo Mississippi's second major Tertiary land Formation. At the "bone yard" locality of mammal find: Journal of the Mississippi southeastern Clarke County, Basilosaurus bones Academy of Sciences, v. 32 (supplement), p. 31. are numerous and occur associated with fish A nearly complete skull of the amynodont spines (54). The earlier discovery of the type perissodactyl Metamynodon was recovered from skull of Notiotitanops in the Cook Mountain the Byram Formation of central Mississippi. It is Formation of Clarke County is noted (45). The described in Manning, Dockery and Schiebout Bashi Formation is interpreted as a nearshore, (1985). An earlier significant find was the skull energetic deposit. The Kosciusko Formation at and a jaw fragment of the titanothere 16 MISSISSIPPI OFFICE OF GEOLOGY

NotioHtanops from the Middle Eocene Archusa quarry at Edwards, Hinds County. The Marl Member of the Cook Mountain Formation. remaining three are from the Byram Formation: Finds such as these permit correlation of the one probably near Vicksburg, one from near western land mammal ages with the marine Brandon, Rankin County, and one from north of sequence of the northern Gulf. Redwood, Warren County. One of the specimens Dockery, David T., IB, K. Christopher Beard, Alan R. from Yazoo City was previously reported by Tabrum, and Gerard R. Case, 1991, New Early Dockery (1981). Eocene land mammal faunas from the Dockery, David T., Ill, and Earl Manning, 1990, Tuscahoma and Bashi formations in Mississippi: Subhyracodon sp. from the Lower Oligocene Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences, Byram Formation - Mississippi's second major v. 36,issue 1, p. 41. land mammal find: Journal of the Mississippi New Lower Eocene faunas have been discovered Academy of Sciences, v. 35 (supplement), p. 59. at Meridian, Lauderdale County, in the Bashi A nearly complete jaw of the rhinocerotid and Tuscahoma formations. The Tuscahoma Subhyracodon was found along the Big Black Formation fauna contains shark teeth, teleost River in western Hinds County, in an exposure teeth, snake vertebrae, and mammal teeth. Ten of the Byram Formation. This Subhyracodon find mammal taxa have been identified so far. The in a marine unit, plus the earlier find of a overlying Bashi Formation also contains a varied Metamynodon skull from the same locality, is of vertebrate fauna, including one identified significant utility in the correlation of North mammal taxon. The Tuscahoma Formation American Land Mammal Ages with the standard contains mammals of either the Clarkforkian marine sequence. (Upper Paleocene) or the Wasatchian (Lower Domning, Daryl P., 1969, A list, bibliography and Eocene) North American Land Mammal Age, index of the fossil vertebrates of Louisiana and while the Bashi mammal is definitely Mississippi: Gulf Coast Association of Wasatchian. This is consistent with other Geological Societies, Transactions, v. 19, p. 385- evidence that places the Paleocene-Eocene 422. boundary in the upper Tuscahoma at Meridian, Mammut is reported from Clarksdale, Coahoma below the faunal level (see also Ingram, 1991). County, and Camp Creek, Lee County (393,420). Dockery, David T., IB, and John E. Johnston, 1986, This information is from an abstractof a paper in Excavation of an archaeocete whale, Basilosaurus preparation by Arata and Domning that was cetoides (Owen), from Madison, Mississippi: apparently never published. Mississippi Geology, v. 6, no. 3, p. 1-10. Domning, Daryl P., 1974, The old fossil #36. Fossil A series of more than twenty trunk vertebrae of seacows of the southeast Rocky Echoes, v. 14, Basilosaurus was recovered from an excavation no. 7, p. 7-9. into the Yazoo Formation near Madison, Dugong remains have been found in the Madison County. Oligocene of Mississippi as follows: rib pieces Dockery, David T., HI, and Earl M. Manning, 1986, from the Red Bluff and Mint Spring formations; a Teeth of the giant shark Carcharodon auriculatus tooth and some skull fragments, probably of from the Eocene and Oligocene of Mississippi: Halitherium, from the Byram Formation; and rib Mississippi Geology, v. 7, no. 1, p. 7-19. and other fragments from the Chickasawhay This article reports a comparative study of teem Formation. A listing of known sirenian finds for of Carcharocles auriculatus from Mississippi with the southeastern states from Mississippi to South interpretations of their differences. It includes a Carolinais presented. listing of all previously reported finds from the Dunn, Paul H., 1948, Giant fauna in the Selma Chalk: state. Nine teeth were assembled for the study. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 59, no. Two are from the Moodys Branch Formation at 12, p. 1318-1319. Town Creek, Jackson, Hinds County. Three are Bones of several hadrosaurian dinosaurs were from the Yazoo Formation, two at Yazoo City, found near the base of the Selma Chalk at Yazoo County, and the third at Jackson. Two Plymouth Bluff, Lowndes County, together with other teem have been found in the upper Yazoo exceptionally large specimens of a Formation at the Miss-Lite clay quarry near and a rudistid bivalve. Cynthia, Hinds County, but they were not Emry, Robert J., J. David Archibald, and Charles C. available for study. The sixth tooth is from the Smith, 1981, A mammalian molar from the Late Marianna Formation at the South-Central Lime Cretaceous of northern Mississippi: Journal of FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI 17

Paleontology, v. 55, no. 5, p. 953-956. Lower Claiborne Group from the east bank of the An incomplete eutherian molar has been Chickasawhay River about a half mile below discovered in screen concentrate from Vinton Enterprise, Clarke County. Bluff on the south bank of the Tombigbee River, Fowler, Henry W., 1911, A description of the fossil Clay County. The sample was taken from a rich fish remains of the Cretaceous, Eocene and lag deposit one meter above the base of the Miocene formations of : Geological Tombigbee Sand Member of the Eutaw Survey of New Jersey, Bulletin 4, p. 22-192. Formation. In the same sample were a mosasaur Anomoeodus phaseolus (Hay, 1899), which has tooth, teeth of the fish Anomoeodus, and many been reported from New Jersey, was originally elasmobranch teeth. The mammal tooth is the described from the Cretaceous of Mississippi by fourth Late Cretaceous mammal specimen Leidy in 1873 as Pycnodus faba. Hay changed the known from east of the . name to P. phaseolus because of preoccupation The authors place the Santonian-Campanian (146-147). (Gidley placed this species in stage boundary within the TombigbeeSand, and Anomoeodus in 1913.) as the sample is from the base, the molar is Frazier, Michael K., 1980a, A late Quaternary fossil judged to be Santonian, and the oldest known vertebrate assemblage from Lowndes County, Late Cretaceous mammal molar from North Mississippi: Journal of the Mississippi Academy America. of Sciences, v. 25 (supplement), p. 44. Fierstine, Harry L., 1974,The paleontology of billfish Parts of the small rodents Synaptomys cooperi and - the state of the art: NOAA Technical Report Microtus pennsylvanicus were recovered from NMFS SSRFno. 675, p. 34-44. reworked stream deposits in Catalpa Creek, This review of a group of fishes mentions the Lowndes County, along with other late new Upper Eocene Xiphiorhynchus kimblalocki Quaternary vertebrate fossils and remains of (39) and figures the bill segment and two Cretaceous sharks, fish and reptiles. These two vertebrae (39, 40). The specimen was found in rodents do not live as far south as Mississippi the Shubuta Clay Member of the Yazoo today. Their presence in northeastern Mississippi Formation at Sherman Hill, Scott County. in former times indicates that the average Mention is also made of an undescribed rostrum, temperature there was about 5 degrees F cooler probably of a xiphiid, found by Applegate in the than at present, at some time in the late Eocene of Mississippi, presumably in the Yazoo Quaternary. Formation of Scott County (40). The author Frazier, Michael K., 1980b, Archaeocetes: whale-like believes that Cylindracanthus, known from mammals from the Eocene of Mississippi: numerous fragments supposedly of a fish's bill, Mississippi Geology, v. 1, no. 2, p. 1-3. will eventually be shown to be pieces of fin spine In 1933, a partial skull of Zygorhiza was found in (43). Jackson and studied by Kellogg for his Fierstine, Harry L., and Shelton P. Applegate, 1974, monograph of 1936. During the late 1960% an Xiphiorhynchus kimblalocki, a new billfish from the expedition from the Los Angeles County Eocene of Mississippi with remarks on the Museum took home specimens of both Zygorhiza systematics of xiphioid fishes: Southern and Basilosaurus from Scott County (Applegate, Academy of Science, Bulletin, v. 73, 1969-1970). In 1970 a group from the University no. 1, p. 14-22. of Southern Mississippi collected a nearly A well-preserved rostrum, three partial vertebrae complete specimen of Basilosaurus from a locality and two fin spine pieces of Xiphiorhynchus were in Jasper County (Reel, 1972). Part of this collected in the Shubuta Clay Member of the skeleton is on display at the university's Frazier Upper Eocene Yazoo Formation. The locality is Museum. The most recent important find is the on the southwest side of Sherman Hill in Scott nearly complete Zygorhiza skeleton collected just County. The preserved parts are described and south of Yazoo City by members of the compared with those of other billfish. A skull Mississippi Gem and Mineral Society. This and of the archaeocete specimen includes the most complete skull Zygorhiza were found associated. known, both jaw halves, about 20 ribs and 50 Foster, V. M., 1940, Lauderdale County mineral vertebrae, but no limb bones. It has been donated resources: geology: Mississippi Geological to the state and is now on exhibit at the Survey, Bulletin 41, p. 9-172. Mississippi Museum of Natural Science. A was collected in 1912 from the Frazier, Michael K., and John Lenzor, 1985, 18 MISSISSIPPI OFFICE OF GEOLOGY

Paleontology study, in Guy R. Muto and Joel localities as C. gemma except the Marquette Gunn, eds., A study of Late-Quaternary Cement Quarry, plus the undifferentiated environments and early man along the Vicksburg Group at Vicksburg (707-708). Eosolea Tombigbee River, Alabama and Mississippi, v. 4: sp. is known from the Lower Eocene of the state Benham Blair and Affiliates, Inc., Oklahoma (716). City, Oklahoma, p. C-88 - C-106. Frizzell, Don L., and C. Kurt Lamber, 1961, New Vertebrate parts and fragments were collected by genera and species of myripristid fishes, in the wet screening from two locations along the Gulf Coast Cenozoic, known from otoliths banks of Catalpa Creek, Clay County. All (Pisces, Beryciformes): Missouri University identified Quaternary vertebrates found in the School of Mines and Metallurgy, technical series, study area are listed in a table. Fossils and Bulletin 100, p. 1-28. localities from Kaye (1974) arealso presented in a Squirrelfish sagittae were found in fossiliferous table. Fossils and human artifacts are found samples from three Lower Oligocene formations together in gravel deposits on top of the in Mississippi. SHntonia glendonensis gen. et sp. Cretaceous bedrock. In this reworked, mixed nov. is rare in the Glendon Formation at the assemblage, non-marine remains cannot be Marquette Cement Quarry near Brandon, Rankin closely dated. Some elements in the assemblage County; the Byram Formation at Byram, Hinds permit inferences about previous climate in this County; and the Mint Spring Formation at area. Synaptomys and Microtus and their Vicksburg, Warren County. Weileria brandonis significance were reported earlier (Frazier, gen. et sp. nov. is known to occur in the Glendon 1980a). Formation at the Marquette Cement Quarry. Frizzell, Don L., 1965, Otolith-based genera and Other new species of these genera are described lineages of fossil (, from Louisiana and Texas. Albulidae): Senckenbergiana Lethaea, v. 46a, p. Frizzell, Don L., and C. Kurt Lamber, 1962, 85-110. Distinctive "congrid type" fish otoliths from the Eoalbula meridiana and Metalbula bashiana, new lower Tertiary of the Gulf Coast (Pisces: genera and species of bonefishes, have the same Anguilliformes): Proceedings of the California type locality in the Lower Eocene Bashi Academy of Sciences, 4th series, v. 32, no. 5, p. Formation at Meridian, Lauderdale County. 87-101. Another species of Eoalbula, from the Upper Sagittae of "Conger" brevior (Koken, 1888) were Eocene Yazoo Formation at the Miss-Lite clay found in otolith collections from a number of quarry near Cynthia, Hinds County, is said to be Mississippi localities. They occurred in the described in manuscript. The author describes a Moodys Branch Formation near Midway, Yazoo total of six new genera and presents a phylogeny County, the Red Bluff Formation at Hiwannee, of the Albulidae. Wayne County, the Mint Spring Formation at Frizzell, Don L., and John H. Dante, 1965, Otoliths of Vicksburg, Warren County, the Glendon some early Cenozoic fishes of the Gulf Coast: Formation at Brandon, Rankin County, and the JournalofPaleontology, v. 39,no. 4, p. 687-718. Byram Formation at Old Byram, Hinds County, This Eocene to Oligocene otolith fauna includes and Vicksburg, Warren County. Sagittae of a five fishes from Mississippi. Genartina sp. is new species, "Conger" meridies, were uncommon represented by poorly preserved specimens from in the Bashi Formation at Meridian, Lauderdale the Bashi Formation (695). Ekokenia eporrecta County. Another new species, "Conger" sanctus, (Koken, 1888) is from undifferentiated Claiborne was found in the Red Bluff Formation at beds at Newton in Newton County (704). Hiwannee and the Glendon Formation at Corvina gemma (Koken, 1888) was recovered from Brandon. Finally, the new "Conger" vetustus was the following formations: the Red Bluff rare in collections from the Moodys Branch Formation at Red Bluff Landing, Hiwannee, Formation at Jackson, Hinds County. "Conger" is Wayne County; the Mint Spring Formation, Mint a form genus used for otoliths presumably from Spring Bayou, Vicksburg, Warren County; the anguilliform fishes whose true relations are Glendon Formation at the Marquette Cement unknown at present. Quarry, Brandon, Rankin County; and the Byram Gazin, C. Lewis, and J. Magruder Sullivan, 1942, A Formation at Byram, Hinds County, and new titanothere from the Eocene of Mississippi, Vicksburg, Warren County (706). Corvina with notes on the correlation between the marine pseudoradians sp. nov. occurs in all the same Eocene of the Gulf Coastal Plain and continental FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI 19

Eocene of the Rocky Mountain region: 63.19.53, now consisting of eleven vertebrae, is Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, v. 101, today in the collections of the Mississippi no. 13, p. 1-13. Museum of Natural Science. The type skull and jaw of Notiotitanops Hall, Johnny Lee, 1976, Paleoecology and age of the mississivpiensis were collected from the bank of a Upper Eocene Basilosaurus cetoides beds of small stream about 2 1/2 miles south of Louisiana, Mississippi and southeastern Quitman, Clarke County, in the Cook Mountain Alabama: unpublished master's thesis, Formation. It is here described and illustrated, Northeast Louisiana University, 166p. and compared with the other known titanotheres Most of this work is based on analysis of of the west. It is evolutionarily more advanced foraminiferan faunas collected from six localities, than its supposed Middle Eocene two of which are in Mississippi. A jaw fragment, contemporaries. fifteen vertebrae, and numerous ribs of Gidley, James W., 1901, Tooth characters and Basilosaurus were collected from the Jackson revision of the North American species of the Ready-Mix clay quarry near Cynthia, Hinds genus Equus: Bulletin of the American Museum County, in 1965 (8). Also noted are previous ofNatural History, v. 14, no. 9, p. 91-142. reports in Bergquist (1942) and Applegate (1969- Equus complicatus Leidy, 1858 was based upon 1970). Shark teeth and Basilosaurus bones have three upper molars from the "blue clay" at been found at several localities in the Pachuta Natchez. The original name for the horse from Marl Member of the Yazoo Formation (26). Natchez was E. americanus. When Leidy Basilosaurus fragments are present locally in the discovered that the name was preoccupied, he Shubuta Clay Member (DeVries, 1963) (27). One changed it (108). In 1869 Leidy synonymized E. conclusion is that Basilosaurus is too long-lived a complicatus with E. major De Kay, 1842, but this genus to be useful as a stratigraphic marker name has no taxonomic standing (109). E. eous within the Jackson Group but it is an indicator of Hay, 1899 (renamed from E. intermedius Cope, Upper Eocene sediments in intercontinental 1895) is synonymous with E. complicatus (110, correlation. Other species of Basilosaurus are 130-133). known to exist in Egypt and . The true Gidley, James W., 1913, Some new American number of species in the Jackson Group is pycnodont fishes: Proceedings of the U. S. uncertain because most finds do not include National Museum, v. 46, no. 2036, p. 445-449. good skulls. Anomoeodus latidens sp. nov. is founded on a Hamilton, David P., editor, 1990, Briefings. Natchez portion of left splenial with teeth, found nine Man gets younger: Science, v. 250, no. 4988, p. miles west of Tupelo, Lee County, a locality in 1662. the Demopolis Chalk. Anomoeodus mississivpiensis The controversial human pelvis fragment found sp. nov. is founded on a posterior portion of at Natchez with the bones of Pleistocene right splenial with teeth, found at Guntown, Lee mammals has been radiocarbon dated at 5580 County, a locality in the Coffee Sand. years old plus or minus 80 years and is therefore Gilmore, Charles W., 1927, Note on a second not Pleistocene. The Glossotherium bone occurrence of the mosasaurian reptile Globidens: associated with it was found to be 17,840 years Science n. s., v. 66, no. 1715, p. 452. old plus or minus 125 years. Two unworn tooth crowns of Globidens Hay, Oliver P., 1908, The fossil turtles of North alabamaensis were found in the Demopolis Chalk America: Carnegie Institution of Washington, near Saltillo, Lee County. Publ. no. 75, p. 1-568. Gilmore, Charles W., 1938, Fossil snakes of North A of Neptunochelys was found in Upper America: Geological Society of America, Special Cretaceous deposits near Columbus, Lowndes Paper 9, p. 1-96. County, by Dr. Spillman. No other part of this Twenty-three thoracic vertebrae of the aquatic large sea turtle has been found (187). snake Pterosphenus are reported to be from Hay, Oliver P., 1923, The Pleistocene of North Melvin, Alabama, the type locality (60). This America and its vertebrated animals from the series of vertebrae, formerly in the collection of J. states east of the Mississippi River and from the Magruder Sullivan, may be the same as the one Canadian provinces east of longitude 95 degrees: that passed into the collection of the Old Capitol Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publ. no. Museum (no. 63.19.53), whose catalog records 322, p. 1-499. that it is from Jackson, Hinds County. No. For this monograph, the author compiled all 20 MISSISSIPPI OFFICE OF GEOLOGY

available information concerning Pleistocene specimens from the same localities collected mammals of eastern North America, published since the last publication. Those from the upper and otherwise. The summary for Mississippi part of the Tuscahoma Formation at Meridian includes the author's update of Leidy's list of could be Lower Eocene rather than Upper Pleistocene mammals: Megalonyx jeffersonii, Paleocene. The Tuscahoma Formation is usually Glossotherium harlani, Ursus americanus, Panthera considered to be Upper Paleocene, but its top is leo atrox, Castoroides ohioensis, Tapirus copei, nonfossiliferous at its type locality (see Ingram, Tapirus veroensis, Equus complicatus, Odocoileus 1991). Palaeophiid sea snakes have been found in virginianus, Bootherium bombifrons, Bison laHfrons, sediments with associated faunas that indicate Mammut americanum, and Mammuthus sp. This an estuarine or tidewater environment of list is coincident with the fauna of Natchez, deposition. The python-sized Palaeophis where remains occur in the tenacious blue clay virginianus and Pterosphenus schucherti could underneath the loess (41). A human pelvis have lived in the open sea; indeed Pterosphenus fragment was also found near Natchez (125,390- has been found in a marine deposit in Florida 391). Mastodon parts are found in the loess (Hutchison, 1985). The garter-snake-sized proper (125). The author notes that Equus Palaeophis casei is plausible as an estuarine fraternus was reported from Natchez by Leidy in species (Holman, 1982). 1860 (200-201). Mastodon fragments have been Horner, John R., 1979, Upper Cretaceous dinosaurs found in other places, listed (124-126). A horse from the Bearpaw Shale (marine) of south- premolar is reported from Cane Creek, southern central Montana with a checklist of Upper Tippah County, and deer remains from Cretaceous dinosaur remains from marine Aberdeen, Monroe County. sediments in North America: Journal of Hay, Oliver P., 1928, Characteristic mammals of the Paleontology, v. 53, no. 3, p. 566-577. Early Pleistocene: Journal of the Washington Two Mississippi hadrosaurs are in the checklist, Academy of Science,v. 18,no. 15,p. 421-430. USNM 175583 (Kaye and Russell, 1973) and The list of Pleistocene mammal species found at USNM 4869 (Lull and Wright, 1942). Carpenter Natchez, given in Hay (1923), is repeated (428). (1982) points out that these specimens are not This time the fauna is reported from the blue clay from the Eutaw Formation, as given by Horner, of the pre-loess terrace and possibly partly from but from the Selma Group. the overlying loess. Hrdlicka, Ales, 1907, Skeletal remains suggesting or Hay,OliverP.,1930, On a long-knownoccurrence of attributed to early man in North America: a musk-ox at Natchez, Mississippi: Journal of Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 33, p. 1- Mammalogy, v. 11,no. 4, p. 505-507. 98. A last lower molar of Bootherium bombifrons was The human pelvis fragment found at Natchez is found at Natchez during the nineteenth century. not demonstrably fossil (16-18). Probably it came from the blue clay beneath the Hughes, Richard J., Jr., 1958, Kemper County loess, as did the other fossil mammals from geology: Mississippi Geological Survey, Bulletin Natchez. 84, p. 4-274. Holman, J. Alan, 1982, Palaeophis casei, new species, a The author collected unidentified vertebrae in tiny palaeophid snake from the early Eocene of the Demopolis Chalk (58) and bone fragments Mississippi: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, and a tooth in the Bluffport Marl Member mat he v. 2, no. 2, p. 163-166. thinks are probably mosasaur (58). More Fourteen vertebrae of the fossil aquatic snake vertebrae and shark teeth were collected from Palaeophis casei sp. nov. were collected from the the Ripley Formation (67). Shark teeth were also Tuscahoma Formation at Meridian, Lauderdale found in the Prairie Bluff Formation 2.7 miles County. According to Case (1986), the correct east of DeKalb. The author notes that Harper in horizon for these vertebrae is the Tuscahoma 1857 reported mosasaur vertebrae, teeth and rather than the Bashi, as was at first thought. coprolites from Wahalak, and also remains of Holman, J. Alan, David T. Dockery HI, and Gerard R. turtles (16). Case, 1991, Paleogene snakes of Mississippi: Hutchison, J. Howard, 1985, Pterosphenus cf. P. Mississippi Geology, v. 11, no. 1, p. 1-12. schucherti Lucas, (, Palaeophidae) from This paper lists all reported finds of palaeophiid the Late Eocene of peninsular Florida: Journal of snakes in Mississippi (Holman, 1982; Parmley Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 5, no. 1, p. 20-25. and Case, 1988; Dessem, 1976) plus additional The carbonate facies in which the Florida FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI 21

Pterosphenus vertebra was found, and the internal blandingii, in the of Mississippi anatomy of the specimen, convince the author (Testudines: Testudinidae): Herpetologica, v. 30, that this species was fully marine rather than no. 4, p. 417-419. estuarine as others have proposed. An A partially incomplete nuchal bone of Emydoidea undescribed centrum of Pterosphenus from blandingii was found on a point bar of Catalpa Mississippi exists in the collections of the Los Creek where it forms the boundary between Angeles County Museum. The construction of Clay and Lowndes counties. This is the the Mississippi centrum is similar to that of the southernmost record of this turtle and may Florida specimen. indicate a cooler paleoclimate for the Gulf Coast Ingram, Stephen L., 1991, The Tuscahoma-Bashi during the late Pleistocene. The Holocene range section at Meridian, Mississippi: first notice of of Blanding's turtle centers in the Great Lakes lowstand deposits above the Paleocene-Eocene region. A specimen of the giant ground sloth TP2/TE1 sequence boundary: Mississippi Eremotherium was present in the adjoining Tibbee Geology, v. 11, no. 4, p. 9-14. Creek. According to this revision of the well-known Jackson, Crawford G., Jr., and John M. Kaye, 1975, fossil-bearing sediments at Meridian, ten feet of Giant in the late Pleistocene of the Paleocene Tuscahoma Formation are Mississippi: Herpetologica, v. 31, no. 4, p. 421. separated by an uncomformity from ten feet of a Shell fragments of the giant Geochelone cf. marine lowstand unit of the Eocene Bashi G. crassiscutata were found on a point bar of Formation. Above another unconformity are four Catalpa Creek where it forms the boundary feet of fossiliferous, boulder-bearing between Clay and Lowndes counties. The giant transgressive marine Bashi,topped by the lowest ground sloth Eremotherium was present in the part of the unfossiliferous Hatchetigbee adjoining Tibbee Creek. Winter temperatures in Formation. Previous opinion was that the Bashi northern Mississippi must have stayed above lowstand unit was part of the Tuscahoma, thus freezing in the late Pleistocene when the cold- placing the Paleocene-Eocene boundary within intolerant Geochelone lived there. that formation. The most fossiliferous part of the Jones, Cheri A., Jerry R. Choate, and Hugh H. section is a lag at the base of an estuarine channel Genoways, 1984,Phytogeny and paleobiology of sand just below the boundary. Thirteen short-tailed shrews (genus Blarina), in Hugh H. kinds of mammals have been recognized in Genoways and Mary R. Dawson, eds., screen-washed residues so far. The next most Contributions in Quaternary vertebrate prolific sediment is under the concretions in the paleontology: a volume in memorial to John E. Bashi marine unit. An omomyid primate fossil is Guilday: Carnegie Museum of Natural History, known from it (Beard and Tabrum, 1991). Four Special Publication 8, p. 56-148. marine snake species have been found at A right jaw of a shrew, collected from the bank Meridian (Holman, Dockery, and Case, 1991). of Catalpa Creek, Lowndes County, is here Case (1986) lists 22 species of sharks, skates, identified as Blarina carolinensis through sawfish and rays from here, plus 11 species of measurements of its single remaining molar bony fish. (102). This is the species that inhabits the Jackson, Crawford G., Jr., and John M. Kaye, 1974a, southeast at present. The age of the reworked Occurrence of box turtles, Terrapene (Testudines: deposit at the locality could be anywhere in the Testudinidae) in the Pleistocene of Mississippi: range Rancholabrean to Holocene (145). Herpetologica, v. 30, no. 1, p. 11-13. Kaye, John M., 1971, A peccary from the Pleistocene Two posterior plastron halves of Terrapene or Holocene of Mississippi: Tulane Studies in Carolina were found in a late Pleistocene channel Geology and Paleontology, v. 8, no. 4, p. 219-220. deposit near Columbus, Lowndes County. A Peccary metapodials III and W were found on moderately large, sexually dimorphic box turtle the campus of Mississippi State University, existed in northern Mississippi during the late Starkville, Oktibbeha County. These are the first Pleistocene. Associated finds were a fragmentary peccary fossils reported from Mississippi. Later tooth of Mammut, fragmentary teeth of Equus sp., they were identified as those of Platygonus (Kaye, and dermal ossicles of Dasypus bellus. Tusk 1974,p. 43). fragments were found also. Kaye, John M., 1974, Pleistocene sediment and Jackson, Crawford G., Jr., and John M. Kaye, 1974b, vertebrate fossil associations in the Mississippi The occurrence of Blanding's turtle, Emydoidea Black Belt unpublished dissertation, Louisiana 22 MISSISSIPPI OFFICE OF GEOLOGY

State University and Agricultural and Smoky HillChalkhasbeen radiometrically dated Mechanical College, 115 p. as Santonian (Carpenter, 1982). Thousands of fossil bones and teeth were Kellogg, Remington, 1936, A review of the collected by the author from 52 localities within Archaeoceti: Carnegie Institution of the Black Belt physiographic province of Washington, Publication no. 482, p. 1-366. northeastern Mississippi (listed 103-115; map 54). A referred specimen of Basilosaurus is a Most productive were Town Creek in Monroe manubrium of the sternum from Wayne County County, Catalpa Creek between Clay and (19). A referred specimen of Zygorhiza includes Lowndes counties, and Cedar Creek and its ten vertebrae, a right jaw and two loose teeth, tributaries in Lowndes County. Horse teeth and from Clarke County near the eastern border tooth fragments were by far the most common (104). A nearly complete skull of a young fossils found (36-52). Thirty-four kinds of Zygorhiza was found close to the same place mammal were identified, eight kinds of turtle, (104). A nearly complete skull and jaw, with six and three birds. The Pleistocene vertebrates of cervical vertebrae and ten dorsal vertebrae, is the Black Belt belong to the Rancholabrean Land from Jackson, Hinds County (105). The centrum Mammal Age. The faunal list is most similar to of a fairly large lumbar vertebra, of an that of the Rancholabrean of Florida. Two unidentifiable archaeocete, was also collected assemblages are distinguished: an older fauna within Jackson (260). All specimens are from the from the Sangamon interglacial stage, indicative Yazoo Formation, except the lumbar vertebra, of a savanna environment, and a younger fauna, which is from the Moodys Branch Formation. dating from the Wisconsin glaciation, and most Kellogg, Remington, 1966, Fossil marine mammals typical ofa swampy environment (63-70). from the Miocene Calvert Formation of Kaye, John M., 1975, Pleistocene sediment and Maryland and Virginia. Part 3. New species of vertebrate fossil associations in the Black Belt of extinct Miocene Sirenia: Bulletin of the U. S. Mississippi and Alabama, in Loren A. Raymond, National Museum, no. 247, p. 65-97. ed., Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Conference A small sirenian is reported as recovered from on the Quaternary History of the Southeastern the Upper Oligocene Chickasawhay Formation United States: Appalachian State University, in Wayne County (66). Publication No. 1, p. 19. Knox, S. Cragin, and Sue Pitts, 1984, Excavation of a Thousands of Pleistocene vertebrate bone mastodon at Vicksburg, Mississippi: Mississippi fragments and teeth have been found within Geology, v. 4, no. 4, p. 1-10. basal conglomerates of surficial deposits in that The largely complete skeleton of a mastodon was area of northeastern Mississippi known as the recovered from loess deposits at Vicksburg, Black Belt. The vertebrate remains are found in Warren County. The skull and one front leg are remnants of upper terraces and beneath present the most notable lacks. The died on the flood-plain deposits. Identified fossils belong to site and was disarticulated before burial. the Rancholabrean Land Mammal Age. Some Numerous Pleistocene land snails were fossils from the higher terrace remnants are pre- associated with the bones. Wisconsin in age, while those from lower Kolb, Charles R., Ernest E. Russell, and Wendell B. elevations seem to beWisconsin. Johnson, 1976, Road log: Jackson-Vicksburg- Kaye, John M., and Dale A. Russell, 1973, The oldest Natchez, in Classic Tertiary and Quaternary record of hadrosaurian dinosaurs in North localities and historic highlights of the Jackson- America: Journal of Paleontology, v. 47, no. 1, p. Vicksburg-Natchez area: Guidebook for the 91-93. New Orleans Geological Society field trip for the Fragmentary remains of an immature AAPG/SEPM Annual Convention in New hadrosaurian dinosaur were recovered from the Orleans, p. 1-17. bed of the Tombigbee River, three miles Two mastodon specimens are reported from the northeast of Columbus, Lowndes County. The loess at Vicksburg, from a locality just north of site lies within the Tombigbee Sand Member of the Waterways Experiment Station near Exit 1C the Eutaw Formation. The authors argue that this of 1-20. The mastodon found in 1956 was specimen is the oldest known hadrosaur from radiocarbon dated at 17,000 years BP. Most of North America, based on a supposed Campanian this specimen was reburied; it may never have age for the Smoky Hill Chalk of and been collected. The mastodon found in 1976 was Santonian age for the Tombigbee Sand. The found to be 15,665 plus or minus 400 years old. FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI 23

This mastodon was in poor condition and may Mississippi. not have been excavated either. A third set of Logan, William N., 1916, Preliminary report on the mastodon bones was collected on Hwy 61 marls and limestone of Mississippi: Mississippi Bypass just north of Vicksburg. This specimen is GeologicalSurvey, Bulletin 13, p. 1-82. now on display in the Waterways Experiment Mosasaur remains were either encountered by Station. In addition, the authors note that parts of the author or reported to him during his survey the archaeocete whale Basilosaurus are common of the state. "Saurian bones" occur east of in the Upper Eocene Yazoo Clay where it is Okalona, Chickasaw County, in the Demopolis being mined at Cynthia, Hinds County, by the Chalk (37). "Bones of marine reptiles" are found Miss-Lite Aggregate Plant of Jackson Ready-Mix occasionally west ofCrawford, Lowndes County, Concrete. also in the Demopolis Chalk (50). The Kurt£n, Bjorn, and John M. Kaye, 1982, Late frontispiece is a photograph of fossils from the Quaternary Carnivora from the Black Belt, Selma Chalk, and shows two mosasaur vertebrae Mississippi: Boreas, v. 11, p. 47-52. among oyster shells. The existence of fossil bones Fossilized jaw fragments, teeth and other in the JacksonGroup is noted (32). assorted parts were collected from brown clay Lougee, Richard J., 1940, It pays to think twice: The deposits in the Black Belt province of Eleusis ofChi Omega, v. 42, no. 2, p. 569-572. northeastern Mississippi. Carnivores represented Scattered remains of a large mosasaur, including include Canis latrans, Ursus americanus, a jaw with teeth, were encountered in the chalk Tremarctos floridanus, Arctodus simus, Felis deposits near Tupelo, Lee County. amnicola, Lynx rufus, and Urocyon Lowe, E. N., 1915, Mississippi: its geology, cinereoargenteus. All but one fossil were found in geography, soils and mineral resources: banks and channels of small Black Belt streams. Mississippi Geological Survey, Bulletin 12, p. 1- The exception, a tooth of Tremarctos, was found 335. at a more elevated locality, Golden Triangle In this general work, the writer reports the Regional Airport, and is probably older than the observations of unspecified authors and field others. Canis latrans is not a Holocene native of explorers. He himself may have measured the Mississippi, but it lived in the eastern U. S. in Basilosaurus vertebrae in the museum of the Rancholabrean times. University of Mississippi at Oxford (74). Bones Leriche, Maurice, 1942, Contributions a l'etude des and teeth of Cretaceous sharks are often found in faunes ichthyologiques marines des terrains exposures of the Demopolis Chalk (61), and teeth tertiares de la plaine cotiere atlantique et du are abundant in the Eutaw Formation beds at centre des Etats-Unis. Le synchronisme des Barton's Bluff on the Tombigbee River, Clay formations tertiares des deux cot£s de County (308). Shark teeth are also found in the l'Atlantique: SociSte geologique de France, upper Middle Eocene Moodys Branch Formation Mem 20, v. 2-4, p. 1-112. (80) and in the older Winona Formation just Otoliths of the fishes Ekokenia eporrectus and south of Enterprise (77). Fish teeth occur in the "Otolithus" aff. umbonato are reported from the Upper Cretaceous Owl Creek Formation (62), Middle Eocene Claiborne Group of Newton, and in the Middle Eocene Winona Formation Newton County (53). In the Jackson Group of (76). Mosasaur jaws and vertebrae have been Pachuta, Clarke County, was found a Pristis reported from the Eutaw Formation at Plymouth vertebra (44, 45), teeth of the shark Isurus Bluff on the Tombigbee. Jaws and vertebrae of praecursor (45-46), and rostra of Cylindracanthus Basilosaurus may be found wherever the Yazoo rectus (49-50). Teeth of Carcharocles auriculatus Formation is exposed (79, 80). Especially good were found in the Jackson Group at Shubuta in whale localities are said to be around Satartia in Clarke County, and in Wayne County (46-47). A Yazoo County (80) and between Roberts and tooth of the sand shark Striatolamia macrota and a Montrose in Jasper County (311). Mastodons tooth of another probable sand shark occur in the occur in the loess terrace (93) and are especially Lower OligoceneVicksburg Group at Vicksburg, abundant near Natchez (312). Large mammals Warren County (53). Finally, Carcharocles have been discovered in the loess of Mississippi: megalodon is reported as present in the Miocene one lion, two bears, two ground sloths, two of Mississippi (74-77). The author notes that tapirs, one horse, one deer, one bison, one archaeocete remains are characteristic of the mammoth, and the mastodon (96). upper part of the Jackson Group in Alabamaand Lowe, E. N., 1919, Mississippi: its geology, 24 MISSISSIPPI OFFICE OF GEOLOGY

geography, soils and mineral resources: Lull, Richard S., and Nelda E. Wright, 1942, Mississippi Geological Survey, Bulletin 14, p. 1- Hadrosaurian dinosaurs of North America: 346. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 40, This is a revised version of Bulletin 12, issued in p. 1-242. response to popular demand that exhausted the Fragments of a hadrosaur hindlimb, including supply of that bulletin. Vertebrate fossil reports both ends of a right femur and part of a fibula, are the same as in Bulletin 12. Page locations are are reported from near Tupelo, Lee County (15). slightly different. There is an added note, that This Mississippi locality is said to be in the Selma mammal bones may be collected in the bluffs at Chalk (correlation chart); near Tupelo it must be Vicksburg, Yazoo City and Natchez, and points in the Demopolis Chalk. The Tupelo hadrosaur is intermediate (320). No. 4869 in the U. S. National Museum. Remains Lowe, E. K, 1923,Ninth biennial report 1921-1923 of of several unidentified hadrosaurs from the the director of the State Geological Survey to the Selma Group of Mississippi and Alabama are Mississippi legislature and bulletin on petroleum said to exist in the same museum (9). In the prospecting in Mississippi: Mississippi distribution table, a Hadrosaurus and four Geological Survey, p. 1-190. mosasaurs are listed as present in the Selma The author notes that fish and reptilian teeth and Chalk of Mississippi (39) but no localities or bones occur in the Cretaceous Eutaw Group (25), references are given. that the upper Claiborne Group (middle Eocene) Lundelius, Ernest L., Jr., Russell L. Graham, Elaine bears fish teeth (30), and that the Upper Eocene Anderson, John Guilday, J. Alan Holman, David Yazoo Formation is known for vertebrae and W. Steadman, and S. David Webb, 1983, teeth of Basilosaurus. Terrestrial vertebrate faunas, in Herbert E. Lowe, E. N., 1925,Geology and mineral resources of Wright, Jr., ed., Late Quaternary environments of Mississippi: Mississippi Geological Survey, the United States. Vol. 1. The Late Pleistocene: Bulletin 20, p. 1-140. p. 311-353. The author notes that shark teeth occur in the The northern turtle Emydoidea blandingii occurs in Cretaceous Selma Group (48) and that fish teeth Catalpa Creek together with the giant Geochelone are found in the Middle Eocene Winona (Jackson and Kaye, 1974b, 1975) (316, 326). Both Formation (61). Shark teeth were observed in an occur together in northern Florida with a indurated bluff of Winona Formation on the east northern toad. Geochelone and the northern bank of the Chickasawhay River half a mile salamander Ambystoma occur together in below Enterprise, Clarke County (62).The Upper southern Florida. It may be that a more equable Eocene Moodys Branch Formation also bears climate in the southeastern U. S. is what shark teeth (64). Vertebrae and jaw fragments of permitted these disharmonious associations Basilosaurus occur in the Upper Eocene Yazoo (325). Formation of Yazoo, Hinds, Madison, Scott, Luper, Edwin E., 1972, Smith County geology and Jasper, and Clarke counties (66, 67). Large mineral resources: Mississippi Geological Basilosaurus remains are said to be common Survey, Bulletin 116,p. 11-100. around Satartia, Yazoo County, and the author The author notes that Basilosaurus has been describes a locality 11/2 miles south of that reported from the Yazoo Formation in northern town where 12 to 13 feet of vertebrae were seen Smith County (12,28). (67). Mammut is found in blue muds within the Manning, Earl, David T. Dockery, III, and Judith A. loess and pre-loess terrace (81). Bones of a Schiebout, 1986, Preliminary report of a number of large mammals are known from the Metamynodon skull from the Byram Formation normal loess, of which the mastodon is the most (Lower Oligocene) in Mississippi: Mississippi common (83). Geology, v. 6, no. 2, p. 1-16. Lowe, E. N., 1933, Coastal plain stratigraphy of A well-preserved skull of the amynodont Mississippi. Part first: Midway and Wilcox Metamynodon planifrons was found in the Lower Groups: Mississippi Geological Survey, Bulletin Oligocene Byram Formation on the east bank of 25, p. 1-125. the Big Black River in Hinds County. A shark tooth was collected from the south side Metamynodon was previously known from the of Owl Creek, 2 3/4 miles northeast of Ripley, Upper Eocene to Middle Oligocene channel Tippah County, in the Paleocene Clayton deposits of the high plains area. Its discovery in Formation (10). eastern nearshore marine sediments has FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI 25

permitted correlation between the Chadronian resources: geology: Mississippi Geological Land Mammal Age of North America and the Survey, Bulletin 39, p. 9-72. Rupelian marine stage of Europe. Scattered vertebrae of Basilosaurus occur in the May, James H., 1974, Wayne County geology: upper part of the Yazoo Formation (20). Mississippi Geological Survey, Bulletin 117, p. Mammal bones occur in the loess (32). The 13-194. bluish-gray lower layer of the loess may have Shark teeth and fish vertebrae were observed in been reduced from the usual oxidized color on the Pachuta Marl Member of the Upper Eocene site, when the deposits became thick enough to Yazoo Formation at an outcrop near Frost support a higher water table (32). Bridge,Wayne County. The author notes that the Merrill, Robert K., 1988,Tishomingo County geology Pachuta Marl is the "Zeuglodon bed" of early and mineral resources: Mississippi Bureau of authors, and that Bergquist (1942) reported Geology, Bulletin 127, p. 7-128. bones of Basilosaurus in the Pachuta of Scott Worn fish remains have been reported from the County (47). A core taken at the type locality of Devonian part of the Chattanooga Formation, the Lower Oligocene Bucatunna Formation on exposed in Tishomingo County (37, 39). The Bucatunna Creek, Wayne County, contained fish author notes that many previously described otoliths (89). Rib fragments were repeatedly exposures of this formation are now covered by found in the Upper Oligocene Chickasawhay Pickwick Lake (39). Formation of Wayne County. These have been Meyer, Robert Lee, 1974, Late Cretaceous considered sirenian ribs (96). elasmobranchs from the Mississippi and East McDonald, Hugh G., 1977, Description of the Texas Embayments of the Gulf Coastal Plain: osteology of the extinct gravigrade edentate unpublished dissertation, Southern Methodist Megalonyx with observations on its ontogeny, University, 419 p. phylogeny and functional anatomy: More than 20,000 teeth of sharks, rays, unpublished master's thesis, University of guitarfishes, and other cartilaginous Florida, 327 p. fishes have been recovered by screenwashing Specimens of Megalonyx jeffersonii from from 50 localities, from Texas to Alabama, in age Mississippi are listed on p. 24. Those known from upper to lower Maastrichtian. from Natchez, Adams County, are from Leidy About 30 species come from twelve localities in (1855), and those from Catalpa and Cedar Creeks Mississippi (listed 391-401). When species are from Kaye (1974). Five species of Megalonyx distribution in the embayment was analyzed by are recognized as valid. They succeeded each lithologic type, five environmentally based other through a six-million-year period, from the assemblages could be recognized. Analysis by middle Hemphillian Land Mammal Age to the stratigraphic occurrence revealed four successive late Rancholabrean LMA. The last and largest assemblages in the region. In comparisons with speciesis M.jeffersonii, the only one with remains other contemporary faunas, that of the Gulf found in Mississippi. Coast is a unique faunal province, with McDonald, Jerry N., and Clayton E. Ray, 1989, The cosmopolitan pelagic species in common with autochthonous North American musk oxen others abroad. Within North America, the warm- Bootherium, Symbos, and Gidleya (Mammalia: weather elasmobranchs of the embayment were Artiodactyla: Bovidae): Smithsonian distinct from a temperate-boreal assemblage Contribution to Paleobiology no. 66, p. 1-77. farther north. Three musk ox skull specimens from Mississippi Moore, William H., 1965, Hinds County geology: were examined during this study. A Bootherium Mississippi Geological Survey, Bulletin 105, p. partial skull was found on a sand bar near 21-145. Rosedale, Bolivar County (54). A Symbos skull A number of specimens of the archaeocete with partial horn cores came from a gravel bar Basilosaurus have been found in the Miss-Lite west of Scott, Bolivar County (64). Another quarry of Jackson Ready-Mix Concrete near Symbos partial skull with horn core bases was Cynthia, Hinds County, where Yazoo clay is found on a gravel bar at Friars Point, Coahoma mined. About 15 vertebrae, numerous ribs, and a County (64). Seven nominal species are jaw fragment from the Cynthia quarry are now synonymized under the senior name Bootherium at the Mississippi Office of Geology. Basilosaurus bombifrons. remains have also been found at several other Mellen, Frederic F., 1940, Yazoo County mineral locations in Hinds County where the Yazoo 26 MISSISSIPPI OFFICE OF GEOLOGY

Formation is exposed (57). Southwest of Jackson casei, P. littoralis, P. virginianus, and a number of is a shark-tooth locality in the Lower Oligocene specifically indeterminate specimens are Glendon Formation (72). Possible animal tracks reported from the Tuscahoma Formation at have been observed in the Upper Oligocene Meridian, Lauderdale County. P. virginianus and Catahoula Formation in Simpson County (84). a possible P. littoralis vertebra were collected Morse, William G, 1930, Paleozoic rocks: Mississippi from the Bashi Formation near Whynot, GeologicalSurvey, Bulletin 23,p. 3-212. Lauderdale County. Damaged fish plates were collected from a basal Pitts, Leslie, 1969, The old fossil no. 24: Rocky conglomerate in the Devonian Chattanooga Echoes, v. 10, no. 2, p. 11-12. Formation, on the south side of Island Hill on An expedition from the Los Angeles County Yellow Creek, Tishomingo County (30, 31, 50). Museum collected a skeleton of Basilosaurus from Black fish remains or concretions were collected the Huff farm near Forest, Scott County, in the from the same formation from another locality Upper Eocene Yazoo Formation. Another on Yellow Creek, a half mile below the mouth of account of this event appeared in Applegate Big Branch (33,51), and more bone fragments or (1969-1970). concretions from 3/4 mile below Big Branch (34, Pitts, Leslie, 1971, The old fossil no. 33: Rocky 51). Small black fish bones occur at a locality on Echoes, v. 12, no. 4, p. 5-7. Whetstone Branch (this is in the northeast of This is the earliest account of the finding and Tishomingo County, not Tennessee) (53). The excavation of the Zygorhiza specimen now on conglomerate that bears fish remains is within exhibit in the Mississippi Museum of Natural the Chattanooga Formation, not at its true base Science. Fish otoliths were among the fossils (60). Fish scales are said to be present in a basal found associated with it. See also Dockery (1974) conglomerate of the Mississippian Fort Payne and Neilson (1974). Formation in Whetstone Branch (55). However, Priddy, Richard R., 1943, Pontotoc County mineral these are not mentioned again, and are not listed resources: geology: Mississippi Geological in the fauna of the formation (89). Merrill (1988) Survey, Bulletin 54, p. 9-88. notes that most Yellow Creek localities are now Shark teeth were present in the fossil assemblage under Pickwick Lake. collected from a locality just east of Troy, in the Neilson, George, 1974, These bones shall rise again: lower Ripley Formation (19). Mosasaur bone DuPont Magazine, Nov.-Dec., p. 28-31. fragments and shark teeth are present in the This is a popular account of the finding, Prairie Bluff Formation of the county (29,30). collection and preparation of the Zygorhiza Priddy, Richard R., 1960, Madison County geology: skeleton now on exhibit in the Mississippi Mississippi Geological Survey, Bulletin 88, p. 5- Museum of Natural Science. 123. Nolf, Dirk, and David T. Dockery, III, 1990, Fish Vertebrae and ribs of Basilosaurus are observed in otoliths from the Coffee Sand (Campanian) of the wall of the Miss-Lite quarry of Jackson northeastern Mississippi: Mississippi Geology, v. Ready-Mix Concrete, just over the county line in 10, no. 3, p. 1-14. Hinds County near Cynthia (82-83). Fish otoliths (ear stones) were collected from the Priddy, Richard R., Jesse O. Snowden, and L. L. Griffin sandpit, east of Chapelville, Lee County, McDonald, 1966, Radiocarbon stratigraphy of by screen washing sediment. A total of 117 Vicksburg loess: Journal of the Mississippi otoliths were recovered, from which 21 teleost Academy of Sciences,v. 12, p. 130-131. taxa were recognized, including six new species. Bedrock hills at Vicksburg, Warren County, are This is the first known otolith fauna of overdraped by three to five blankets of loess, Campanian age. Several groups of fish existed separated by soil horizons. Radiocarbon dates far earlier than previously reported. Three from materials in the loesses range from 26,000 species are tentatively placed in extant genera. to 14,000 years before the present. Mastodon Parmley, Dennis, and Gerard R. Case, 1988, bones were available for dating the youngest Palaeopheid snakes from the Gulf Coastal region blanket of loess. Older blankets may well exist at of North America: Journal of Vertebrate the bases of some hills. Paleontology, v. 8, no. 3, p. 334-339. Quimby, George I., 1956, The locus of the Natchez Vertebrae and vertebral fragments of fossil pelvis find: American Antiquity, v. 22, no. 1, p. aquatic snakes of the genus Palaeophis have been 77-79. identified from two localities in Mississippi. P. In 1846, Dr. M. W. Dickeson reported finding a FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI 27

fossil human pelvis near Natchez, Adams The type and only known specimen of County, at least two feet below three skeletons of Platecarpus tympaniticus was described by Cope Megalonyx, in a layer of blue clay underneath the in 1869 from the Eutaw Formation near loess.Joseph Leidy, in 1889, wrote that the pelvis Columbus, Lowndes County (152). This will was associated with a nearly complete skull and prove to be the senior synonym of one of the other bones and teeth of Megalonyx, bones of Niobrara members of the genus when more Glossotherium, and bones and teeth of Equus examples of it are available. The holotype complicatus and Bison laHfrons. The author and his belongs to the Academy of Natural Sciences of companion revisited the exact locality, following Philadelphia. Teeth of Globidens were reported directions given by C. G. Forshey of Natchez. by Gilmore (1927) from the Selma Chalk near They reached the , just above the bridge over Saltillo, Lee County (145). A possible Mosasaurus Mammoth Bayou, but the true locality had been dentary has been found in the Tombigbee Sand removed by a century of erosion. In a general Member at Plymouth Bluff, Lowndes County, reconnaissance, the pair found only a fragment and a Mosasaurus tooth came from the Selma of fossil bone in the Natchez area. Chalk near Scooba,Kemper County (190). Reel, Ted Wesley, 1972, The excavation and Russell, Dale A., 1988, A check list of North preparation of two fossilized whales: American marine Cretaceous vertebrates unpublished dissertation, University of Southern including fresh water fishes: Occasional Papers Mississippi, 113 p. of the Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, no. 4, p. Two partial skeletons of Basilosaurus were 1-58. excavated in Jasper County by an expedition The check list contains 68 chondrichthyan from the University of Southern Mississippi. occurrences in Mississippi, three of One locality is five miles northeast of Montrose osteichthyans, five of marine reptiles, four of and the other is four and a half miles WNW of dinosaurs, and one eutherian mammal find. The Pachuta (18,19, 26). Both were in the Pachuta majority of these are taken from published Marl Member of the Yazoo Formation. Four reports, but five are based on personal other Basilosaurus localities were found, but the communications, as follows: Hadrodus priscus, a remains were not considered suitable for pycnodont fish, occurs in the Tombigbee Sand collection: another near Montrose, another near Member; hadrosaurian dinosaur remains have Pachuta, a site five miles northeast of Crandall, been found in the Tupelo Tongue of the Coffee Clarke County, and a site in the southeast corner Sand; a billfish near Protosphyraena gladius occurs of Clarke County (102-103). A listing of all in the Demopolis Chalk; also in the Demopolis known fossil whale localities in Mississippi and are a toxochelyid turtle and an elasmosaurid western Alabama is appended (99-104). The mosasaur (14-16). author notes a verbal report of a Zygorhiza Schiebout, Judith A., 1979, An overview of the discovered in Rankin County during terrestrial early Tertiary of southern North construction of the Barnett Reservoir, at the America - fossil sites and paleopedology: southeast end of the dam (102). He also notes Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology, v. another verbal report of a fossil cetacean in 15,no. 1-4, p. 75-94. Techeva Creek one mile north of Midway, Yazoo At present, Paleocene and Eocene terrestrial County (99). vertebrate localities are scarce in the southeast of Richards, Horace G., 1951, The vindication of the continent. We may expect that faunas of the Natchez Man: Frontiers, v. 15, no. 5, p. 139-140. Paleocene and early Eocene will be found to The author points out Thomas D. Stewart's resemble those of Europe, due to the continuing (1951) rediscovery of Thomas Wilson's (1895) presence of the interior seaway. Faunas of the fluorine study of the pelvis part that bears the later Eocene should resemble those of the name Natchez Man. He gives a short account of intermontane basins of the west. Eventually, the published work on it, and of the controversy southeast may be recognized to be a source of over its apparent Pleistocene age. immigrants to the west and north. The author Russell, Dale A., 1967, Systematics and morphology notes the report of the titanothere Notiotitanops of American mosasaurs: Bulletin of the Peabody from the Middle Eocene Cook Mountain Museum of Natural History, no. 23, p. 1-250. Formation ofClarke County. In this complete listing of all specimens known Shimek, Bohumil, 1904, Papers on the loess: the loess to the author, four are noted from Mississippi. of Natchez, Miss.: Bulletin of the State University 28 MISSISSIPPI OFFICE OF GEOLOGY

ofIowa Labs Nat. Hist., v. 5, no. 4, p. 299-326. in 1895. The author notes fish remains from Vicksburg, Stringer, Gary L., 1991, Upper Cretaceous Warren County (304-305). He reproduces two (Maastrichtian) teleostean otoliths from the lists of various mammals from Natchez, Adams Ripley Formation, Union County, Mississippi: County (305-306). He expresses doubt that these Mississippi Geology, v. 11,no. 3, p. 9-20. mammals were found in the loess. Twenty-one taxa represented by otoliths came to Simpson, George G., 1942, The beginnings of light in the residue from screen-washing 42 vertebrate paleontology in North America: kilograms of sediment from the Blue Springs Proceedings of the American Philosophical locality in the lower Ripley Formation of Union Society,v. 86,no. 1,p. 130-188. County. A few shark and fish teeth were also The type specimen of Panthera leo atrox, a present, including teeth of Ptychotrygon, , came from the Natchez area in Adams Scapanorhynchus, possibly Cretolamna, probably County. Also from thereare a paratype molar of Hadrodus and Enchodus. The otolith fauna is Equus complicatus, five molars of Bootherium dominated by "Trachichthyidarum" bombifrons, and a partial mandibleof an Equus. coffeesandensis (37% of the total fauna) and by Stephenson, LloydW., andWatson H. Monroe, 1940, "Synodontidarum" pseudoperca (21.8% of the The Upper Cretaceous deposits: Mississippi total fauna). It resembles the otolith fauna from Geological Survey, Bulletin 40,p. 5-296. the Coffee Sand of Lee County described by Nolf Shark teeth were encountered at 17 localities and Dockery (1990), where these two species are during field studies of the Cretaceous of even more dominant (45 and 58.8%).The Ripley Mississippi. Five of thesewere in the Tombigbee fauna indicates a marine shelf environment and Sand Member of the Eutaw Formation (69,73,76, a tropical or subtropical climate. 79, 81). Five more are listed from the "Selma Sullivan, J. Magruder, 1948, Some new fossils from Chalk" (table facing 108,117), of which the first the Mississippi Eocene: Journal of the two are in the Demopolis Chalk and the latter Mississippi Academy of Sciences,v. 3, p. 153-162. three aremost probably in the Mooreville Chalk, The remains of a subadult Zygorhiza were a Coffee Sand equivalent. One shark tooth recovered from an excavation into the Yazoo locality is in the Tupelo Tongue of the Coffee Formation near the Jackson Water Works, Hinds Sand (table facing 149). Two occurin the Ripley County. A vertebra of an unknown species of Formation (table facing 182,187), three in the archaeocete was secured from another Prairie Bluff Formation (table facing 208), and excavation on the edge of Town Creek, Jackson, one in the Owl Creek Formation (table facing into the Moodys Branch Formation. The type 230). The only identified shark teeth are the specimen of the titanothere Notiotitanops was distinctive grinders of Ptychodus mortoni, which taken from a stream bank 2 1/2 miles south of were collected at Vinton Bluff, a Tombigbee Sand Quitman, Clarke County. It consists of the skull, locality. A fragment of Ptychodus tooth was left mandible, and rib fragments. This was found at a Mooreville locality southeast of presented as a talk in 1942. The archaeocetes Columbus (117). Besides the shark teeth, a bony were described in Kellogg (1936) and the fish jaw was found at a Mooreville locality four titanothere in Gazin and Sullivan (1942). miles west of Amory, Monroe County. Fish Sydnor, Charles S., 1938, A gentleman of the old vertebrae are reported from a Prairie Bluff Natchez region: Benjamin L. C. Wailes: Duke Formation locality 11/2 miles east of Sparta, University Press, 337 p. Chickasaw County. The author notes the report Mosasaurs, archaeocetes and various large land of Gilmore (1927) of a tooth of Globidens from mammals are mentioned as occurring in near Saltillo, Lee County, which is probably in Mississippi. The land mammals are probably all the Demopolis Chalk. from Mammoth Bayou, Natchez, AdamsCounty. Stewart, Thomas D., 1951, Antiquity of man in The mosasaurs are from Columbus, Lowndes America demonstrated by the fluorine test: County. Theimportance of this book is as a Science (n. s.), v. 113, no. 2936, p. 391-392. history source on 19th century natural history in The human pelvis fragment found at Natchez, Mississippi. Adams County, and the Glossotherium bones Toulmin, Lyman D., 1977, Stratigraphic distribution found associated, were dated as Pleistocene by of Paleocene and Eocene fossils in the eastern fluorine tests arranged by Thomas Wilson. He Gulf Coast region: Geological Survey of published the resultsin the American Naturalist Alabama, Monograph 13, p. 1-602. FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI 29

The author collected a shark tooth from the Montgomery Landing site, marine Eocene Middle Eocene Moodys Branch Formation at (Jackson) of central Louisiana: proceedings of a Garland Creek, 4.8 miles northeast of Shubuta, symposium, 1986 annual meeting, Gulf Coast Clarke County (table 4). He notes the occurrence Association of GeologicalSocieties,p. 223-239. of shark teeth and Basilosaurus bones in the area The author notes the report by Gazin and of the type locality of the Upper Eocene Pachuta Sullivan (1942) of the titanothere NoHoHtanops Marl Member of the Yazoo Formation, also in from deposits in Clarke County that are now Clarke County (128). In eastern Mississippi the referred to the Archusa Marl Member of the basal conglomerate of the Paleocene Clayton Middle Eocene Cook Mountain Formation. Also Formation contains shark teeth, but these may be noted is the report by Dockery (1980) of a reworked from the Cretaceous (91). This work rhinoceros rib from the Dobys Bluff Tongue of does not deal with vertebrate fossils because they the Middle Eocene Kosciusko Formation, also in are not presently useful as stratigraphic markers. Clarke County (now considered to be an The only exception is the large archaeocete, archaeocete rib by Manning, pers. comm.). It is Basilosaurus, which is believed to be restricted still not possible to obtain agreement on stratigraphically to the Pachuta Marl Member correlation of the Gulf area with the Land and its equivalents in the Gulf Coast region (34) Mammal Ages of the continental interior except (for another observation on the stratigraphic in a very general way. range of Basilosaurus see Hall, 1976). Westgate, James W., and James F. Ward, 1981, The Vestal, Franklin E., 1942, Adams County mineral giant aquatic snake Pterosphenus schucherti resources: geology: Mississippi Geological (Palaeophidae) in Arkansas and Mississippi: Survey, Bulletin 47, p. 9-142. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 1, no. 2, p. The loess in Adams County contains bones of 161-164. Pleistocene mammals (17). The mastodon is This article includes a list of all known specifically mentioned in the description of the specimens of this snake. The series of vertebrae unit (62). The blue-gray clay deposit is formerly in the collection of J. Magruder Sullivan considered to be the lowest level of the loess. (Old Capitol no. 63.19.53) is said to be from Vestal, Franklin E., 1946, Lee County mineral Melvin, Alabama, following Gilmore (1938); resources: Mississippi Geological Survey, however, see note at that reference. A previously Bulletin 63, p. 5-140. unreported vertebra of Pterosphenus was Shark teeth were collected during the field collected near Town Creek, Jackson, Hinds studies for this paper from a locality near Saltillo, County. It was discovered in an excavation into in the lower part of the Demopolis Chalk (59), the Middle Eocene Moodys Branch Formation. and from another locality near Tupelo, in the The Town Creek specimen is part of a private Tupelo Tongue Member of the Coffee Sand (61). collection. The authors note that all known A large piece of phosphatized bone was found at specimens occur with mixed faunas, indicating another place in the Coffee Sand (46).The author estuarine or low-salinity deposit areas (see also notes that the Tombigbee Sand Member of the Hutchison, 1985). Eutaw Formation bears teeth and vertebrae (54). Wetmore, Alexander, 1930, The fossil birds of the A. Welles, Samuel P., 1952, A review of the North O. U. checklist: Condor, v. 32, no. 1, p. 12-14. American Cretaceous elasmosaurs: University of Eopteryx mississivpiensis Meyer, 1887 is based on California Publications in Geological Sciences, v. a damaged vertebra from Eocene deposits near 29, no. 3, p. 47-144. Jackson, Hinds County. It is a bird incertae sedis The plesiosaur Discosaurus planior Leidy 1870 is and will probably never be identified further. based on a caudal centrum from Mississippi Williams, Charles H., Jr., 1967, George County (111). It is the only certain plesiosaur specimen geology and mineral resources: Mississippi from the state so far. The present reviewer Geological Survey, Bulletin 108, p. 1-152. considers D. planior a nomen vanum because the A fossil gar and a crocodile tooth have been type specimen is not diagnostic. The centrum found in the Miocene Pascagoula Formation in probably belongs to a previously described the area near its type locality, which is along the plesiosaur but it is not possible to be sure. bank of the Chickasawhay River in southern Westgate, James W., 1986, Late Eocene land Greene County. A borehole into the Pascagoula mammals from the Gulf Coastal Plain, in Judith Formation in George County contained fish A. Schiebout and William van den Bold, eds., vertebrae in a coquina of characteristic shell 30 MISSISSIPPI OFFICE OF GEOLOGY

fragments (47). Anomoeodus phaseolus Zangerl, Rainer, 1960, The vertebrate fauna of the 1911 Fowler Selma Formation of Alabama. Part V. An Anomotodon angustidens, see Paranomotodon advanced cheloniid sea turtle: Fieldiana: angustidens Geology Memoirs, v. 3, no. 5, p. 279-312. Apalone sp. The author considers the humerus of 1974Kaye Neptunochelys from near Columbus, Lowndes apogonid County, in comparison with the new Alabama 1990Nolf and Dockery turtle (309). Neptunochelys is evidently not of the 1991 Stringer same species. Late Cretaceous sea turtles are not archaeocete well known at present, but it is evident that 1936Kellogg cheloniids were varied and specialized. 1948 Sullivan 1969-1970 Applegate 1972 Reel SYSTEMATIC INDEX 1980Dockery 1986Westgate Abdounia beaugei Arctodus simus 1986 Case 1974Kaye Abdounia enniskilleni 1982Kurten and Kaye 1991 Breard argentinid Abdounia subulidens, see Scyliorhinus subulidens 1991 Stringer acanthomorph fish ariid 1990Nolf and Dockery 1990Nolf and Dockery Aetobatus sp. 1991Stringer 1965 Arata and Jackson Ariosoma sp. 1991 Breard 1978 Breard albulid Arius sp. 1991Stringer 1978 Breard "Albulidarum" ensis 1986 Case 1990Nolf and Dockery 1991 Breard 1991 Stringer Basilosaurus cetoides "Albulidarum" sohli 1915 Lowe 1990 Nolf and Dockery 1919 Lowe Albula sp. 1923 Lowe 1978 Breard 1925 Lowe 1990Nolf and Dockery 1936Kellogg 1991 Breard 1940Mellen Albula eppsi 1942 Bergquist 1986 Case 1942 Leriche Albula oweni 1960Priddy 1986 Case 1963DeVries alligator 1965 Moore 1980 Dockery 1969 Pitts Allomorone sp. 1969-1970 Applegate 1978 Breard 1972Luper Anguilla sp. 1972 Reel 1978 Breard 1974May Anomoeodus sp. 1976 Hall 1981Emry, Archibald and Smith 1976 Kolb, Russell and Johnson 1988 Russell 1977Toulmin Anomoeodus latidens 1978 Breard 1913Gidley 1980Dockery Anomoeodus mississivpiensis 1980b Frazier 1913Gidley 1986Dockery and Johnston FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI 31

Bathyclupea 1991 Case 1990Nolf and Dockery Carcharias hopei bear 1978 Breard 1915 Lowe 1986 Case 1919 Lowe 1991 Breard bird Carcharias substriata 1974 Kaye 1986 Case Bison sp. Carcharocles auriculatus 1915 Lowe 1942 Leriche 1919 Lowe 1969-1970 Applegate 1974 Kaye 1978 Breard 1985 Frazier and Lenzor 1981Dockery Bison latifrons 1982a Dockery 1923 Hay 1982b Dockery 1928Hay 1986Dockery and Manning 1956Quimby 1991 Breard 1974 Kaye Carcharocles megalodon Blarina brevicauda, see B. carolinensis 1942 Leriche Blarina carolinensis Carcharodon, see Carcharocles 1984Jones, Choate and Genoways Castor canadensis 1985 Frazier and Lenzor 1974Kaye Bootherium bombifrons 1985 Frazier and Lenzor 1923 Hay Castoroides ohioensis 1928 Hay 1923 Hay 1942Simpson 1928Hay 1989 McDonald and Ray 1974Kaye sp. 1985 Frazier and Lenzor 1988 Derstler Cervus sp. Brazosiella sp. 1974 Kaye 1978 Breard chelosphargine turtle Brychaetus muelleri 1988 Derstler 1986 Case Chelydra serpenHna Burnhamia sp. 1974Kaye 1986 Case ChUoscyllium greeni canid 1974 Meyer 1985 Frazier and Lenzor 1988 Russell Canis latrans Chlamytherium, see Holmesina 1974 Kaye Chrysemys nelsoni, see Pseudemys nelsoni 1982 Kurten and Kaye Chrysemys picta Canis rufus 1974Kaye 1974 Kaye Chrysemys scripta, seeTrachemys scripta CanHoscyllium sp. clupeid 1974Meyer 1969-1970 Applegate 1988 Russell "Conger" brevior Carcharhinus sp. 1962 Frizzell and Lamber 1982a Dockery "Conger" meridies 1982b Dockery 1962 Frizzell and Lamber 1986 Case 1986 Case Carcharhinus gibbsi "Conger" sanctus 1978 Breard 1962 Frizzell and Lamber 1991 Breard "Conger" vetustus Carcharias sp. 1962 Frizzell and Lamber 1982a Dockery congrid 1982b Dockery 1990Nolf and Dockery 32 MISSISSIPPI OFFICE OF GEOLOGY

1991 Stringer Ekokenia eporrecta Corvinagemma 1942 Leriche 1965 Frizzell and Dante 1965 Frizzell and Dante 1982a Dockery elasmosaurid 1982b Dockery 1988 Russell Corvina intermedia Elephas, see Mammuthus 1978 Breard Emydoidea blandingii 1991 Breard 1974bJackson and Kaye Corvina pseudoradians 1983 Lundelius et al. 1965 Frizzell and Dante Enchodus sp. 1982a Dockery 1988 Derstler 1982b Dockery Enchodus ?petrosus Coupatezia woutersi 1991 Stringer 1986 Case Eoalbula sp. Cretodus sp. 1965 Frizzell 1988 Russell Eoalbula meridiana cf. Cretolamna 1965 Frizzell 1991Stringer Eopteryx mississivpiensis Cretolamna sp. 1930Wetmore 1981 Emry, Archibald and Smith Eosolea sp. Cretolamna appendiculata 1965 Frizzell and Dante 1974 Meyer 1978 Breard 1988 Russell Eotrigonodon serratus 1991 Case 1986 Case Cretoxyrhina mantelli Equus sp. 1974 Meyer 1915 Lowe 1988 Russell 1919 Lowe crocodilian 1942Simpson 1967Williams 1974a Jackson and Kaye 1988 Derstler 1985 Frazier and Lenzor Cybium, see Scomberomorus Equus americanus, see E.complicatus Cylindracanthus sp. Equus complicatus 1986 Case 1901 Gidley Cylindracanthus rectus 1923Hay 1942 Leriche 1928Hay 1991 Breard 1942Simpson Dasyatis sp. 1956Quimby 1981Emry, Archibald and Smith 1974 Kaye 1988 Russell Equus conversidens Dasyatis jaekeli 1974Kaye 1986 Case Equus eous, see E. complicatus Dasypus bellus Equus francisi, see E. tau 1974a Jackson and Kaye Equus fraternus 1974 Kaye 1923 Hay Didelphis sp. 1974 Kaye 1974 Kaye Equus intermedius, see E. complicatus dinosaur Equus leidyi, see E. complicatus 1982Carpenter Equus major, see E. complicatus Diodon sp. Equus simplicidens 1991 Breard 1974 Kaye Discosaurus planior Equus tau 1952 Welles 1974Kaye Egertonia isodonta Eremotherium sp. 1986 Case 1974b Jackson and Kaye FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI 33

1974 Kaye 1983 Lundelius et al. 1975Jackson and Kaye Ginglymostoma sp. Ereptodon, see Megalonyx 1981 Emry, Archibald and Smith Eugomphodus, see Carcharias 1988 Russell Eugomphodus macrotus, see Striatolamia macrota Ginglymostoma globidens felid 1991 Case 1985 Frazier and Lenzor Ginglymostoma subafricanum Felis amnicola 1986 Case 1982 Kurten and Kaye Glaucomys volans Felis atrox, see Panthera leo atrox 1985 Frazier and Lenzor Felis weidii Globidens alabamaensis 1974Kaye 1927Gilmore fish 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1904 Shimek 1967 Russell 1915 Lowe Glossotherium harlani 1919 Lowe 1923 Hay 1923 Lowe 1928 Hay 1925 Lowe 1951 Stewart 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1956Quimby 1943 Bergquist 1985 Frazier and Lenzor 1963DeVries 1990 Hamilton 1967 Williams Hadrodus priscus 1969-1970Applegate 1988 Russell 1971 Pitts hadrosaur 1974 May 1942 Lull and Wright 1980 Dockery 1948 Dunn 1980a Frazier 1973Kaye and Russell 1982a Dockery 1979 Horner 1982b Dockery 1982Carpenter gadid 1988 Russell 1991Stringer Halitherium sp. Galeocerdo sp. 1974 Domning 1982a Dockery Hemiauchenia sp. 1982b Dockery 1974 Kaye Galeocerdo clarkensis Hemipristis sp. 1978 Breard 1982a Dockery 1991 Breard 1982bDockery Galeorhinus affinis Hemipristis curvatus 1986 Case 1978 Breard Galeorhinus lefevrei 1991 Breard 1986 Case Hemipristis wyattdurhami, see H. curvatus Galeorhinus minor Hemiptychodus, see Ptychodus 1986 Case Hemiscyllium sp. Galeorhinus ypresiensis 1991 Case 1986 Case Holmesina septentrionalis Galeus sp. 1974 Kaye 1986 Case holocentrid gar 1990Nolf and Dockery 1967 Williams Homo sapiens (Natchez Man) GenarHna sp. 1907 Hrdlicka 1965 Frizzell and Dante 1923 Hay Geochelone crassiscutata 1930 Hay 1974 Kaye 1951 Richards 1975Jackson and Kaye 1951 Stewart 34 MISSISSIPPI OFFICE OF GEOLOGY

1956Quimby Macroclemys temminckii 1990 Hamilton 1974Kaye Hybodus sp. mammal 1981 Emry, Archibald and Smith 1940Mellen Hybodus butleri 1981 Emry, Archibald and Smith 1974Meyer 1988 Russell Hydrochoerus sp. 1991Dockery, Beard, Tabrum and Case 1974 Kaye 1991 Ingram Hypolophus sp. Mammut americanum 1974Meyer 1915 Lowe 1988 Russell 1919 Lowe Hypoprion, see Carcharhinus 1923Hay Hypotodus robustus 1925 Lowe 1986 Case 1928Hay Ischyrhiza sp. 1941 Conant 1981 Emry, Archibald and Smith 1942 Vestal 1988 Derstler 1956Quimby Ischyrhiza mira 1966Priddy, Snowden and McDowell 1974 Meyer 1969Domning 1988 Russell 1974aJackson and Kaye 1991 Case 1974Kaye Isurus sp. 1976 Kolb, Russell and Johnson 1969-1970Applegate 1984 Knox and Pitts Isurus hastalis 1985 Frazier and Lenzor 1978 Breard Mammuthus sp. Isuruspraecursor 1915 Lowe 1942 Leriche 1919 Lowe 1991 Breard 1923Hay Jacquhermania duponti 1928Hay 1986 Case 1974Kaye Jaekelotodus trigonalis Megalonyx dissimUis, see M. jeffersonii 1986 Case Megalonyx jeffersonii Jefitchia claybornensis 1923Hay 1978 Breard 1928Hay 1982a Dockery 1956Quimby 1982bDockery 1974Kaye 1991 Breard 1977 McDonald Lamna aschersoni megalopid 1986 Case 1990Nolf and Dockery Lamna lerichei 1991 Stringer 1986 Case Meleagris gallopavo 1991 Breard 1974Kaye lepisosteid Metalbula bashiana 1967Williams 1965 Frizzell Lepisosteus suessionensis Metamynodon planifrons 1986 Case 1986Manning, Dockery and Schiebout Lissodus breve 1987Dockery 1974 Meyer Microtus pennsylvanicus 1988 Russell. 1980a Frazier Lonchiodon, see Lissodus 1985 Frazier and Lenzor Lynxrufus Microtus pinetorum 1974 Kaye 1985 Frazier and Lenzor 1982 Kurten and Kaye mobulid 1985 Frazier and Lenzor 1974Meyer FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI 35

1988 Russell 1974Meyer mosasaur 1988 Russell 1915 Lowe omomyid 1916Logan 1991 Beard and Tabrum 1919 Lowe Ondatra sp. 1940 Lougee 1974 Kaye 1943Bergquist Ondatra zibethicus 1943Priddy 1985 Frazier and Lenzor 1958 Hughes ophidiid 1981Emry, Archibald and Smith 1991 Stringer Mosasaurus sp. ornithischian dinosaur 1967 Russell 1988 Derstler 1988 Russell ornithomimid Mosasaurus conodon 1982Carpenter 1988 Derstler 1986 Baird Myliobatis sp. 1988 Russell 1978 Breard Otodus sp. 1982a Dockery 1981Emry, Archibald and Smith 1982b Dockery "Otolithus" aff. umbonato 1986 Case 1942 Leriche 1988 Derstler Ovibos, see Bootherium 1991 Breard Oxyrhina, see Isurus Mylodon, see Glossotherium Pachyrhizodus sp. Mylohyus sp. 1988 Derstler 1974Kaye palaeophiid Nebrius thielensis 1980Dockery 1986 Case Palaeophis sp. Negaprion gibbsi,see Carcharhinus gibbsi 1990 Parmley and Case Neotoma floridana Palaeophis casei 1985 Frazier and Lenzor 1982 Holman Neptunochelys tuberosa 1986 Case 1908 Hay 1990Parmley and Case 1960Zangerl 1991 Holman, Dockery and Case NoHoHtanops mississivpiensis Palaeophis littoralis 1942 Gazin and Sullivan 1990Parmley and Case 1948 Sullivan 1991 Holman, Dockery and Case 1979 Schiebout Palaeophis virginianus 1980 Dockery 1976 Dessem 1986 Westgate 1990 Parmley and Case 1987Dockery Panthera leo atrox Odocoileus virginianus 1919 Lowe 1915 Lowe 1923 Hay 1919 Lowe 1928Hay 1923 Hay 1942Simpson 1928 Hay Parahypolophus, see Pseudohypolophus 1974 Kaye Paramylodon, see Glossotherium 1985 Frazier and Lenzor Paranomotodon angustidens Odontaspis hopei, see Carcharias hopei 1974 Meyer Odontaspis macrota, see Striatolamia macrota 1988 Russell Odontaspis speyeri pempheridid 1986 Case 1991Stringer Odontaspis sp. 'Terciformorum" cepoloides 1965 Arata and Jackson 1990Nolf and Dockery Odontaspis tenuis Percoidei 36 MISSISSIPPI OFFICE OF GEOLOGY

1990Nolf and Dockery 1974 Meyer 1991Stringer 1988 Russell "Percoideorum" pseudochandra Pterosphenus schucherti 1990Nolf and Dockery 1938 Gilmore Peritresius sp. 1976 Dessem 1988 Derstler 1981Westgate and Ward Phyllodus toliapicus 1985 Hutchison 1986 Case 1991 Holman, Dockery and Case Physogaleus huberensis pterothrissid 1991 Breard 1990Nolf and Dockery Physogaleus tertius 'Tterothrissidarum" griffini 1986 Case 1990Nolf and Dockery Pitymys, see Microtus 1991 Stringer Platecarpus tympaniticus Pterothrissus sp. 1967 Russell 1990 Nolf and Dockery 1988 Russell 1991 Stringer Platygonus sp. Ptychodus mantelli, see P. mortoni 1971 Kaye Ptychodus mortoni 1974 Kaye 1940 Stephenson and Monroe plesiosaur 1974 Meyer 1988 Derstler 1981 Emry, Archibald and Smith Plioplatecarpus sp. 1982 Case 1988 Derstler 1988 Russell polymixiid Ptychotrygon sp. 1991Stringer 1974Meyer Preophidion sp. 1988 Russell 1978 Breard Ptychotrygon hooveri Prionochelys nauta 1974Meyer 1988 Derstler 1988 Russell Pristis sp. Ptychotrygon aff. triangularis 1942 Leriche 1991 Stringer Pristis lathami Ptychotrygon triangularis 1978 Breard 1974 Meyer 1986 Case 1988 Russell 1991 Breard Ptychotrygon vermiculata Procyon lotor 1991 Case 1974 Kaye Pycnodus bowerbanki 1985 Frazier and Lenzor 1986 Case Prognathodon solvayi Pycnodus phaseolus, see Anomoeodus phaseolus 1988 Derstler Raja sp. Protosphyraena gladius 1974Meyer 1988 Russell 1981 Emry, Archibald and Smith Protostega sp. 1988 Russell 1988 Derstler rajid Pseudemys nelsoni 1974 Meyer 1974 Kaye ray Pseudocorax sp. 1982b Dockery 1988 Derstler reptile Pseudocorax granH 1923 Lowe 1991 Case 1980a Frazier Pseudocorax laevis Rhincodon sp. 1974Meyer 1981 Emry, Archibald and Smith 1988 Russell 1988 Russell Pseudohypolophus mcnultyi Rhinobatos incertus FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI 37

1974Meyer 1966Kellogg 1988 Russell 1974Domning salmoniform 1974May 1990Nolf and Dockery 1982aDockery 1991 Stringer 1982b Dockery Scapanorhynchus texanus sloth 1974Meyer 1915 Lowe 1988 Russell 1919 Lowe 1991 Case snake 1991 Stringer 1991 Dockery, Beard, Tabrum, and Case Sciurus carolinensis Sphyraena sp. 1985 Frazier and Lenzor 1965 Arata and Jackson Sclerorhynchus sp. 1978 Breard 1974 Meyer Sphyraena major 1988 Russell 1991 Breard 1991 Case Squalicorax sp. Scomberomorus proosH 1981 Emry, Archibald and Smith 1986 Case 1988 Derstler scyliorhinid Squalicorax kaupi 1974 Meyer 1974Meyer 1988 Russell 1988 Russell Scyliorhinus gilberti 1991 Case 1986 Case SquaHna hassei Scyliorhinus subulidens 1974 Meyer 1986 Case 1988 Russell shark Squatirhina lonzeensis 1915 Lowe 1974 Meyer 1919 Lowe 1988 Russell 1925 Lowe sternoptychid 1933 Lowe 1991 Stringer 1939 Conant SHntonia glendonensis 1940 Foster 1961 Frizzell and Lamber 1940Stephenson and Monroe Striatolamia sp. 1941 Conant 1981 Emry, Archibald and Smith 1943Bergquist 1988 Russell 1943Priddy « Striatolamia macrota 1946 Vestal 1942 Leriche 1958Hughes 1986 Case 1963DeVries Subhyracodon sp. 1965 Moore 1990 Dockery and Manning 1969-1970 Applegate Sylvilagus aquaticus 1974 May 1974 Kaye 1976 Hall Sylvilagus floridanus 1977Toulmin 1985 Frazier and Lenzor 1980Dockery Symbos, see Bootherium 1980a Frazier Synaptomys cooperi 1982b Dockery 1980a Frazier 1991 Dockery, Beard,Tabrum, and Case 1985 Frazier and Lenzor Sigmodon hispidus "Synodontidarum" pseudoperca 1985 Frazier and Lenzor 1990 Nolf and Dockery silurid 1991 Stringer 1965 Arata and Jackson Tanupolama, see Hemiauchenia sirenian Tapirus sp. 1965 Arata and Jackson 1915 Lowe 38 MlSSISSffPI OFFICE OF GEOLOGY

1919 Lowe 1923 Hay 1974 Kaye 1928Hay Tapirus copei 1974Kaye 1923 Hay 1982Kurten and Kaye 1928 Hay Ursusamplidens, see U. americanus Tapirus haysii,see T. copei Wdleria brandonis Tapirus terrestris, see T. veroensis 1961 Frizzell and Lamber Tapirus veroensis Xiphias sp. 1923Hay 1986 Case 1928Hay xiphiid 1985 Frazier and Lenzor 1974 Fierstine teleost Xiphiorhynchus kimblalocki 1991 Dockery, Beard, Tabrum, and Case 1969-1970Applegate 1991Stringer 1974 Fierstine Terrapene Carolina 1974Fierstine and Applegate 1974a Jackson and Kaye Zeuglodon, see Basilosaurus 1974 Kaye Zygorhiza kochii 1983 Lundelius et al. 1936Kellogg theropod 1948 Sullivan 1982Carpenter 1971 Pitts 1986 Baird 1972 Reel Thoracosaurus neocesariensis 1974Dockery 1983Carpenter 1974Fierstine and Applegate 1986 Baird 1974 Neilson 1988 Russell 1980b Frazier toxochelyid 1985 Carpenter and Dockery 1988 Russell 1986Carpenter and White Toxochelys barberi 1991 Breard 1988 Derstler Toxochelys moorevillensis GEOGRAPHIC/STRATIGRAPHIC INDEX 1988 Derstler Trachemys scripta 1974 Kaye This section replaces Domning's chronologic- 'Trachichthyidarum" coffeesandensis geographic index. It serves the same purpose 1990Nolf and Dockery because stratigraphic units are given with their 1991Stringer epochs in the List. Entries under county names are Tremarctos floridanus comprehensive in most cases, as in Domning's index. 1982 Kurten and Kaye Localities are interfiled among the counties and units Trichiurides sagitHdens and have their own index entries, so there is no need 1986 Case for a separate finding index for them. trionychid 1965 Arata and Jackson Aberdeen, Monroe County Trionyx sp., see Apalone sp. 1923Hay turtle 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1958Hughes Adams County 1965 Arata and Jackson 1942 Vestal Urocyon sp. see also Natchez 1974 Kaye Alcorn County Urocyon cinereoargenteus 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1982Kurten and Kaye Amory, Monroe County urolophid 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1974Meyer 1982Carpenter 1988 Russell Ash Creek,Oktibbeha County Ursus americanus 1974Kaye FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI 39

Aubrey, Noxubee County 1962 Frizzell and Lamber 1974 Kaye 1965 Frizzell and Dante Avant Creek, Tallahatchie County 1986Dockery and Manning 1923 Hay Bucatunna Creek, Wayne County Barnett Reservoir, Rankin County 1974May 1972 Reel Bucatunna Formation Bartons Bluff, Clay County 1974May 1915 Lowe Byram, Hinds County 1919 Lowe 1961 Frizzell and Lamber 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1962 Frizzell and Lamber 1943 Bergquist 1965 Frizzell and Dante Barton's Ferry,Clay County Byram Formation 1974Meyer 1961 Frizzell and Lamber Big Branch,Tishomingo County 1962 Frizzell arid Lamber 1930 Morse 1965 Frizzell and Dante 1988 Merrill 1974 Domning Bashi Formation 1982aDockery 1962 Frizzell and Lamber 1982b Dockery 1965 Frizzell 1986Dockery and Manning 1969-1970 Applegate 1986 Manning, Dockery and Schiebout 1976 Dessem 1987 Dockery 1980 Dockery 1990Dockery and Manning 1986 Case Camp Creek, Lee County 1988Parmley and Case 1969Domning 1991 Beard and Tabrum 1974 Kaye 1991 Dockery, Beard, Tabrum and Case Cane Creek, Tippah County 1991 Ingram 1923Hay Big Black River, Hinds County 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1986Manning, Dockery and Schiebout Carmack Formation, see FortPayne Formation 1990 Dockery and Manning Cascilla, Tallahatchie County Black Belt 1923Hay 1974Kaye Catahoula Formation 1975Kaye 1965 Moore 1982Kurten and Kaye Catalpa Creek, Lowndes and Clay counties Blue Bluff, Monroe County 1974bJackson and Kaye 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1974Kaye Blue Springs, Union County 1975Jackson and Kaye 1991 Stringer 1977 McDonald Bluffport Marl Member 1980a Frazier 1958 Hughes 1982 Kurtenand Kaye Bodka Creek, Kemper County 1983 Lundelius et al. 1974 Kaye 1984Jones, Choate and Genoways Bogue Chitto Creek, Noxubee County 1985 Frazier and Lenzor 1974Kaye Cedar Bluff, Clay County 1982 Kurten and Kaye 1940Stephenson and Monroe Bolivar County Cedar Creek, Lowndes County 1923 Hay 1977 McDonald 1989 McDonald and Ray 1982 Kurten and Kaye Bone Yard, Clarke County Cedar Creek, Monroe County 1980Dockery 1974Kaye Bovina, Warren County Chapelville, Lee County 1923 Hay 1990Nolf and Dockery Brandon, Rankin County 1991 Case 1961 Frizzell and Lamber Chattanooga Formation 40 MISSISSIPPI OFFICE OF GEOLOGY

1930 Morse 1939 Conant 1988 Merrill 1941 Conant Chickasaw County 1977Toulmin 1916 Logan Coahoma County 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1969Domning Chickasawhay Formation 1989 McDonald and Ray 1936 Kellogg Coffee Sand 1965 Arata and Jackson 1913Gidley 1974 Domning 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1974 May 1946Vestal Chickasawhay River, Clarke County 1974Meyer 1925 Lowe 1988 Russell 1940 Foster 1990 Nolf and Dockery 1980 Dockery 1991 Case Chickasawhay River, Greene County Columbus, Lowndes County 1967Williams 1908Hay Chickasawhay River, Wayne County 1938Sydnor 1982bDockery 1940Stephenson and Monroe Chiwapa Creek, Lee County 1960Zangerl 1974 Kaye 1967 Russell Claiborne County 1973 Kaye and Russell 1923Hay 1974aJackson and Kaye Claiborne Group 1982 Case 1923 Lowe 1983 Lundelius et al. 1940 Foster Cook Mountain Formation 1942 Leriche 1942 Gazin and Sullivan 1965 Frizzell and Dante 1979 Schiebout Clarke County 1980Dockery 1915 Lowe 1986Westgate 1919 Lowe 1987Dockery 1925 Lowe Corinth, Alcorn County 1936Kellogg 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1940 Foster Cowpen Creek, Monroe County 1942 Gazin and Sullivan 1974Kaye 1942 Leriche Crandall,Clarke County 1948 Sullivan 1972 Reel 1972 Reel Crawford, Lowndes County 1977Toulmin 1916Logan 1979 Schiebout Cynthia, Hinds County 1980 Dockery 1960Priddy 1986Westgate 1965 Frizzell Clarksdale, Coahoma County 1965 Moore 1969 Domning 1976 Dessem Clay County 1976 Hall 1915 Lowe 1976 Kolb, Russell and Johnson 1919 Lowe 1986Dockery and Manning 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1991 Holman, Dockery and Case 1943 Bergquist Death Creek, Clay County 1974 Kaye 1974Kaye 1974 Meyer De Kalb, Kemper County 1981 Emry, Archibald and Smith 1958Hughes see also Catalpa Creek arid Tibbee Creek Demopolis Chalk Clayton Formation 1913Gidley 1933 Lowe 1915 Lowe FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI 41

1916Logan 1977Toulmin 1919 Lowe George County 1927 Gilmore 1967 Williams 1940 Lougee Gilmer Creek, Lowndes County 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1974Kaye 1942 Lull and Wright Glendon Formation 1943 Bergquist 1961 Frizzell and Lamber 1946 Vestal 1962 Frizzell and Lamber 1958Hughes 1965 Frizzell and Dante 1988 Derstler 1965 Moore 1988 Russell Golden Triangle Regional Airport, Lowndes County Dobys Bluff, Clarke County 1974 Kaye 1980 Dockery 1982 Kurten and Kaye Dry Creek, Tippah County Greene County 1941 Conant 1967Williams Dunbar Creek, Wilkinson County Griffin Sandpit, Lee County 1923 Hay 1990Nolf and Dockery Edwards, Hinds County 1991 Case 1986 Dockery and Manning Guntown, Lee County Enterprise, Clarke County 1913 Gidley 1919 Lowe Hardy Farm,Lowndes County 1925 Lowe 1974 Kaye 1940 Foster Hatchetigbee Formation EnterpriseGreen Marl, see Winona Formation 1991 Ingram Eutaw Formation Hinds County 1915 Lowe 1915 Lowe 1919 Lowe 1919 Lowe 1923 Lowe 1925 Lowe 1943 Bergquist 1961 Frizzell and Lamber 1967 Russell 1962 Frizzell and Lamber 1974 Meyer 1965 Frizzell and Dante 1981 Emry, Archibald and Smith 1965 Moore 1982 Carpenter 1986 Dockery and Manning 1982 Case 1986 Manning, Dockery and Schiebout 1988 Russell 1990Dockery and Manning Eutaw Group see also Jackson and Cynthia 1960Zangerl Hiwannee, Wayne County Evans Pond, Monroe County 1962 Frizzell and Lamber 1974 Kaye 1965 Arata and Jackson Falkner, Tippah County 1965 Frizzell and Dante 1939 Conant Houlka, Chickasaw County 1941 Conant 1940Stephenson and Monroe Forest, Scott County Houston, Chickasaw County 1942Bergquist 1940 Stephenson and Monroe 1969-1970 Applegate Island Hill, Tishomingo County 1969 Pitts 1930 Morse 1976 Hall Jackson, Hinds County Fort Payne Formation 1923 Hay 1930 Morse 1930 Wetmore FriarsPoint, Coahoma County 1936 Kellogg 1989McDonald and Ray 1938 Gilmore Frost Bridge,Wayne County 1948 Sullivan 1974 May 1962 Frizzell and Lamber Garland Creek, Clarke County 1965 Moore 42 MISSISSIPPI OFFICE OF GEOLOGY

1976 Dessem 1942 Vestal 1978 Breard 1956Quimby 1980b Frazier 1966Priddy, Snowden and McDowell 1981Dockery 1976 Kolb, Russell and Johnson 1981 Westgate and Ward 1984 Knox and Pitts 1986Dockery and Manning LongCreek,Clay County 1991 Holman, Dockeryand Case 1943 Bergquist JacksonGroup Lowndes County 1916Logan 1916Logan 1938 Gilmore 1974a Jackson and Kaye 1942 Leriche 1974Kaye 1986Westgate 1975 Jackson and Kaye James Creek, Lowndes and Noxubee counties 1977 McDonald 1974Kaye 1982 Kurten and Kaye 1982Kurten and Kaye seealsoColumbus, Catalpa Creek and Plymouth JasperCounty Bluff 1915 Lowe Madison,Madison County 1919 Lowe 1986Dockery and Johnston 1925 Lowe Madison County 1963DeVries 1915 Lowe 1972 Reel 1919 Lowe 1980b Frazier 1925 Lowe JeffersonCounty 1986Dockery and Johnston 1923 Hay Magowah Creek, North Branch, LowndesCounty Field, Lowndes County 1974Kaye 1974 Kaye Magowah-Cedar Creeksdivide, Lowndes County Kemper County 1974Kaye 1940Stephenson and Monroe Marianna Formation 1958 Hughes 1986Dockery and Manning 1967 Russell Matthews Landing Member 1974 Kaye 1958Hughes Kosciusko Formation MattubbyCreek,Monroe County 1980Dockery 1974 Kaye 1986Westgate 1982 Kurten and Kaye Lauderdale County McShan Formation 1980Dockery 1982Carpenter see also Meridian and Whynot 1988 Russell Lee County Meridian, LauderdaleCounty 1913Gidley 1962 Frizzell and Lamber 1969 Domning 1965 Frizzell 1974 Kaye 1976 Dessem 1974Meyer 1982 Holman 1990 Nolf and Dockery 1986 Case 1991 Case 1988Parmley and Case see also Tupelo and Saltillo 1991 Beard and Tabrum Lisbon Formation, see Cook Mountain Formation 1991 Dockery, Beard, Tabrum and Case loess 1991 Holman, Dockery and Case 1904 Shimek 1991 Ingram 1915 Lowe Midway, Yazoo County 1919 Lowe 1923 Hall 1923 Hay 1962 Frizzell and Lamber 1925 Lowe 1972 Reel 1928Hay 1978 Breard 1940Mellen 1981 Dockery FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI 43

1991 Breard 1942Simpson MintSpring Bayou,Warren County 1951 Richards 1965 Frizzell and Dante 1951 Stewart Mint Spring Formation 1956Quimby 1961 Frizzell and Lamber 1977 McDonald 1962 Frizzell and Lamber 1990 Hamilton 1965 Frizzell and Dante New Albany, Union County 1974 Domning 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1982a Dockery 1974Meyer 1982b Dockery New Hope, Prentiss County Mississippi River 1974Meyer 1923Hay New Site, Prentiss County 1989McDonald and Ray 1974Meyer Monroe County Newton, Newton County 1923 Hay 1942 Leriche 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1965 Frizzell and Dante 1974 Kaye Noxubee County 1982Carpenter 1974 Kaye 1982 Kurten and Kaye 1982Kurten and Kaye Montpelier, Clay County Okalona, Chickasaw County 1943Bergquist 1916Logan Montrose, Jasper County Oktibbeha County 1915 Lowe 1974Kaye 1919 Lowe 1974 Meyer 1963DeVries 1983Carpenter 1972 Reel Oldtown Creek, Lee County Moodys Branch Formation 1974 Kaye 1915 Lowe Owl Creek, Tippah County 1919 Lowe 1933 Lowe 1925 Lowe Owl Creek Formation 1936Kellogg 1915 Lowe 1948 Sullivan 1919 Lowe 1962 Frizzell and Lamber 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1971 Pitts 1974 Meyer 1974 Dockery Pachuta, Clarke County 1976 Dessem 1942 Leriche 1977Toulmin 1972 Reel 1978 Breard 1977Toulmin 1981Dockery Pachuta Marl Member 1981 Westgate and Ward 1963 DeVries 1986Carpenter and White 1972 Reel 1991 Breard 1974 May Mooreville Chalk 1976 Hall 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1977 Toulmin Natchez, Adams County 1980 Dockery 1901Gidley Pascagoula Formation 1904 Shimek 1967 Williams 1907 Hrdlicka Perthshire, Bolivar County 1915 Lowe 1923 Hay 1919 Lowe Pheba, Clay County 1923 Hay 1943 Bergquist 1928 Hay Pickwick Lake, Tishomingo County 1930 Hay 1988 Merrill 1938Sydnor Pinckneyville,Wilkinson County 44 MISSISSIPPI OFFICE OFGEOLOGY

1923Hay 1984 Jones, Choate and Genoways Pinkston Hill,ScottCounty 1985 Frazier and Lenzor 1942Bergquist 1989 McDonaldand Ray 1969-1970 Applegate Rankin County Plymouth Bluff, Lowndes County 1972 Reel 1915 Lowe see also Brandon 1919 Lowe Red Bluff Formation 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1962 Frizzell and Lamber 1948 Dunn 1965 Arata and Jackson 1967 Russell 1965 Frizzell and Dante 1974 Kaye 1974 Domning 1974Meyer 1982b Dockery Pontotoc, Pontotoc County Redwood, Warren County 1974Meyer 1986 Dockery and Manning Pontotoc County Ripley, Tippah County 1943 Priddy 1933 Lowe 1974 Meyer 1940Stephenson and Monroe Porters Creek Formation Ripley Formation 1958Hughes 1940 Stephenson and Monroe PortHudson Formation, see pre-loess terrace 1943 Priddy Prairie Bluff Formation 1958Hughes 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1974Meyer 1943 Bergquist 1983 Carpenter 1943Priddy 1986 Baird 1958 Hughes 1988 Russell pre-loess terrace 1991 Stringer 1915 Hay RiversidePark,Hinds County 1919 Lowe 1978 Breard 1923 Hay Roberts,Jasper County 1925 Lowe 1915 Lowe 1928Hay 1919 Lowe 1930 Hay Rosedale, Bolivar County Prentiss County 1989 McDonald and Ray 1974 Meyer Saltillo, LeeCounty Quitman, Clarke County 1927 Gilmore 1942 Gazin and Sullivan 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1948 Sullivan 1946Vestal 1979 Schiebout 1967 Russell Rancholabrean Land Mammal Age 1974Kaye 1901Gidley 1974Meyer 1923 Hay 1982 Carpenter 1928 Hay Sara Bayou, Wilkinson County 1930 Hay 1923Hay 1971 Kaye Satartia, Yazoo County 1974a Jacksonand Kaye 1915 Lowe 1974b Jackson and Kaye 1919 Lowe 1974Kaye 1925 Lowe 1975Jacksonand Kaye Scooba, KemperCounty 1975 Kaye 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1977 McDonald 1967 Russell 1979Domning Scott,BolivarCounty 1980a Frazier 1989 McDonald and Ray 1982 Kurten and Kaye Scott County 1983 Lundelius et al. 1915 Lowe FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI 45

1919 Lowe 1962 Frizzell and Lamber 1925 Lowe 1972 Reel 1942 Bergquist 1978 Breard 1963DeVries 1991 Breard 1969 Pitts Thompson Creek, Yazoo County 1969-1970 Applegate 1971 Pitts 1974 Fierstine 1974Dockery 1974Fierstine and Applegate 1985Carpenter and Dockery 1974 May 1986Carpenter and White 1976 Hall Threadgill Farm, Lowndes County 1980b Frazier 1974 Kaye Selma Group Tibbee Creek, Clay and Lowndes counties 1916Logan 1974bJackson and Kaye 1925 Lowe 1974Kaye 1942Lull and Wright 1975Jackson and Kaye 1943Bergquist Tippah County 1948 Dunn 1923Hay 1967 Russell 1933 Lowe 1979 Horner 1939 Conant 1982Carpenter 1940 Stephenson and Monroe 1988 Russell 1941 Conant Sherman Hill, Scott County Tishomingo County 1974 Fierstine 1930 Morse 1974Fierstine and Applegate 1988 Merrill Shubuta, Clarke County Tombigbee River 1942 Leriche 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1977Toulmin 1974 Kaye Shubuta Clay Member Tombigbee Sand Member 1963DeVries 1943 Bergquist 1974 Fierstine 1946 Vestal 1974Fierstine and Applegate 1967Russell 1976 Hall 1973Kaye and Russell Shuqualak Creek, Noxubee County 1974Meyer 1974 Kaye 1981 Emry, Archibald and Smith Siloam, Clay County 1982Carpenter 1943 Bergquist 1988 Russell Simpson County Tombigbee State Park, Lee County 1965 Moore 1974 Meyer Smith County Town Creek, Clay County 1915 Lowe 1974Kaye 1919 Lowe Town Creek, Hinds County 1972Luper 1978 Breard Spring Creek, Clay County 1986Dockery and Manning 1974Kaye Town Creek, Lee County Starkville, Oktibbeha County 1974Kaye 1971 Kaye Town Creek, Monroe County 1974 Meyer 1974 Kaye Tallabinnela Creek, Monroe County 1982 Kurten and Kaye 1974Kaye Troy, Pontotoc County 1974 Meyer 1943Priddy Tallahatchie County 1974Meyer 1923Hay Tubbalubba Creek, Lee County Techeva Creek, Yazoo County 1974 Kaye 1923Hay Tupelo, Lee County 46 MISSISSIPPI OFFICE OF GEOLOGY

1913Gidley Waynesboro, Wayne County 1940 Lougee 1965 Arata and Jackson 1940Stephenson and Monroe West Point, Clay County 1942Lull and Wright 1940Stephenson and Monroe 1946Vestal 1943Bergquist 1974 Meyer Whetstone Branch, Tishomingo County Tuscahoma Formation 1930 Morse 1982 Holman Whetstone BranchFormation,see Chattanooga 1986 Case Formation 1988 Parmley and Case Whynot, Lauderdale County 1991Dockery, Beard, Tabrum and Case 1976 Dessem 1991 Ingram 1988Parmley and Case Union County 1991 Holman, Dockery and Case 1940Stephenson and Monroe Wilkinson County 1974Meyer 1923Hay 1991 Stringer Winona Formation Vicksburg, Warren County 1915 Lowe 1904 Shimek 1919 Lowe 1919 Lowe 1925 Lowe 1923 Hay Woodville, Wilkinson County 1942 Leriche 1923Hay 1961 Frizzell and Lamber Woodward Creek, Noxubee County 1962 Frizzell and Lamber 1974Kaye 1965 Frizzell and Dante Word Creek, Monroe County 1966Priddy, Snowden and McDowell 1974Kaye 1976 Kolb, Russell and Johnson Yazoo City, Yazoo County 1982a Dockery 1919 Lowe 1982b Dockery 1971 Pitts 1984 Knox and Pitts 1974 Neilson 1986Dockery and Manning 1980b Frazier Vicksburg Group 1981 Dockery 1942 Leriche 1986Dockery and Manning 1965 Frizzell and Dante Yazoo County Vinton Bluff, Clay County 1915 Lowe 1940 Stephenson and Monroe 1919 Lowe 1943 Bergquist 1923Hay 1974Meyer 1925 Lowe 1981 Emry, Archibald and Smith 1940Mellen Wahalak, Kemper County 1962 Frizzell and Lamber 1958Hughes 1971 Pitts Warren County 1972 Reel 1923 Hay 1974Dockery 1965 Frizzell and Dante 1978 Breard 1974 May 1985Carpenter and Dockery 1986 Dockery and Manning 1986Carpenter and White see also Vicksburg see also Midway and Yazoo City Wayne County Yazoo Formation 1936 Kellogg 1915 Lowe 1942 Leriche 1919 Lowe 1962 Frizzell and Lamber 1923 Lowe 1965 Arata and Jackson 1925 Lowe 1965 Frizzell and Dante 1936Kellogg 1966 Kellogg 1940Mellen 1974 May 1942Bergquist FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF MISSISSIPPI 47

1948 Sullivan evolution: W. H. Freeman and Co., New York, 1960Priddy 698 p. 1963DeVries Dockery, DavidT., IB, 1981, Stratigraphic column of 1965 Frizzell Mississippi: Mississippi Bureau of Geology, 1965 Moore Jackson. 1969 Pitts Dockery, David T., HI, 1986, Molluscan diversity in 1969-1970 Applegate the Moodys Branch Formation (Eocene) - north- 1972 Luper central Gulf Coastal Plain, in Judith A. Schiebout 1972 Reel and William van den Bold, eds., 1974 Fierstine MontgomeryLanding site, marine Eocene 1974 Fierstineand Applegate (Jackson) of central Louisiana: Gulf Coast 1976 Dessem Association ofGeologicalSocieties, Baton Rouge, 1976 Hall p. 57-66. 1976 Kolb, Russell and Johnson Domning, Daryl P., 1969, A list, bibliography and 1980Dockery index of the fossil vertebrates of Louisiana and 1981Dockery Mississippi: Gulf Coast Association of 1986Dockery and Johnston Geological Societies, Transactions, v. 19, p. 385- Yellow Creek, Tishomingo County 422. 1930 Morse Ernst, Carl H., and Roger W. Barbour, 1989, Turtles 1988 Merrill of the world: Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C, and London, 313 p.

REFERENCES Kurten, Bjorn, and Elaine Anderson, 1980, Pleistocene mammals of North America: Columbia University Press, New York, 442 p. Capetta, Henri, 1987, Handbook of paleoichthyology. Mancini, Ernest A., C. C. Smith, and E. E. Russell, Vol. 3B. II: Mesozoic and 1984, Upper Cretaceous biostratigraphy of Cenozoic elasmobranchs: Gustav Fischer Verlag, western Alabama and eastern Mississippi: Stuttgartand New York, 193p. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Carroll, Robert L., 1988, Vertebrate paleontology and Programs,v. 16,no. 3, p. 178.