DOCSLIB.ORG

410 Genus Iolaus Huebner

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
410 Genus Iolaus Huebner AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES 17th edition (2018). MARK C. WILLIAMS. http://www.lepsocafrica.org/?p=publications&s=atb Genus Iolaus Hübner, [1819] In: Hübner, [1816-1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge: 81 (432 + 72 pp.). Augsburg. Type-species: Papilio eurisus Cramer, by subsequent designation (Hewitson, 1865. In: Hewitson, 1862-78. Illustrations of diurnal lepidoptera. Lycaenidae: 40 (1: 1-228; 2: 95 pp.; Supplement: 1-48.). London.) = Jolaus auctt. An incorrect subsequent spelling of Iolaus. The genus Iolaus belongs to the Family Lycaenidae Leach, 1815; Subfamily Theclinae Swainson, 1831; Tribe Iolaini Riley, 1958. The other genera in the Tribe Iolaini in the Afrotropical Region are Stugeta and Etesiolaus. Iolaus (Sapphires) is an Afrotropical genus containing 124 species. One of the species has a distribution which extends extralimitally. The ‘Sapphires’ were reviewed by Stempffer & Bennett (1958, 1959). Farquharson (1921: 376) describes the phenomenon of an “electric” sensation when handling the larvae of certain species of Iolaus. An explanation for this is attempted by Eltringham (1921b: 484). The subgeneric arrangement below follows Ackery at al., 1995 and Larsen, 2005a. D’Abrera (2009) treats the subgenera as genera because he regards sub-taxa as philosophically unacceptable. D’Abrera does not formalise his position. The subgenera Etesiolaus Stempffer & Bennett, 1959 and Stugeta Druce, 1891 were raised to generic level by Collins et al. (2003) and Larsen (2005), respectively. The status of the remaining subgenera (Iolaus, Epamera, Aphniolaus, Iolaphilus, Philiolaus, Argiolaus, Tanuetheira, Trichiolaus, Pseudiolaus) is in need of reassessment, but until this takes place, they retain their current status (Collins et al., 2014). Subgenus Iolaus Hübner, [1819] In: Hübner, [1816-1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge: 81 (432 + 72 pp.). Augsburg. Type-species: Papilio eurisus Cramer, by subsequent designation (Hewitson, 1865. In: Hewitson, 1862-78. Illustrations of diurnal lepidoptera. Lycaenidae: 40 (1: 1-228; 2: 95 pp.; Supplement: 1-48.). London.) A purely Afrotropical subgenus containing four species. *Iolaus (Iolaus) bilineata Bethune-Baker, 1908 Iolaus bilineata Bethune-Baker, 1908. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908: 113 (110-126). Iolaus bilineata Bethune-Baker, 1908. d’Abrera, 2009: 741. Iolaus (Iolaus) bilineata Bethune-Baker, 1908. Collins et al., 2014: 110. Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Makala, Congo Free State”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Known only from the holotype, which d’Abrera (2009: 741) was unable to trace. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Makala (TL). 1 Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Iolaus (Iolaus) bolissus Hewitson, 1873 Iolaus bolissus Hewitson, 1873. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 10: 123 (122-125). Iolaus bolissus Hewitson, 1873. d’Abrera, 2009: 741. Iolaus (Iolaus) bolissus Hewitson, 1873. Collins et al., 2014: 110. Iolaus bolissus bolissus. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Lisombo, Mwinilunga district, Zambia. 30 April 2001. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection. Iolaus bolissus bolissus. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Mundwiji Plain, Mwinilunga district, Zambia. 7 September 2002. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection. Type locality: “West Africa (Congo; Rogers)”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia. Listed as occurring in Liberia by Clench (1965) but this is in error (Larsen, 2005a). Habitat: Forest, including riverine forest. In Tanzania subspecies aurora occurs at altitudes between 800 and 1 700 m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: A not uncommon species in Tanzania (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Englerina woodfordioides (Schweinf.) Balle (Loranthaceae) [Larsen, 1991c: 192; as Loranthus 2 woodfordii]. Tapinanthus dependens (Engl.) Danser (Loranthaceae) (flowers) [Congdon & Bampton, 2000: 34]. Iolaus (Iolaus) bolissus bolissus Hewitson, 1873 Iolaus bolissus Hewitson, 1873. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 10: 123 (122-125). Iolaus bolissus bolissus Hewitson, 1873. d’Abrera, 2009: 741. Iolaus (Iolaus) bolissus bolissus Hewitson, 1873. Collins et al., 2014: 110. Iolaus bolissus bolissus. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Lisombo, Mwinilunga district, Zambia. 30 April 2001. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection. Iolaus bolissus bolissus. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Mundwiji Plain, Mwinilunga district, Zambia. 7 September 2002. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection. Type locality: “West Africa (Congo; Rogers)”. Distribution: Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (widespread), Zambia. Specific localities: Gabon – Camp PPG (Vande weghe, 2010). Zambia – Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Hillwood, Ikelenge (male and female illustrated above). Iolaus (Iolaus) bolissus aurora Clench, 1965 Iolaus (Iolaus) bolissus aurora Clench, 1965. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 72: 243 (237-244). 3 Iolaus bolissus aurora Clench, 1964. d’Abrera, 2009: 741. [date of authorship erroneous; should be 1965]. Iolaus (Iolaus) bolissus aurora Clench, 1965. Collins et al., 2014: 110. Type locality: Uganda: “Kyondo, Queen Elizabeth Park, Uganda”. Distribution: Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (west). Specific localities: Uganda – Kyondo, Queen Elizabeth Park (TL). Kenya – Kakamega Forest (Larsen, 1991c); Mumias (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania – Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d); Kigoma (Kielland, 1990d). Iolaus (Iolaus) bolissus azureus Clench, 1965 Iolaus (Iolaus) bolissus azureus Clench, 1965. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 72: 243 (237-244). Iolaus (Iolaus) bolissus azureus Clench, 1965. Collins et al., 2014: 110. Type locality: Cameroon: “Metet, Cameroun”. Distribution: Cameroon. Known only from the holotype. Specific localities: Cameroon – Metet (TL). Note: D’Abrera (2009) does not include Iolaus bolissus azureus Clench, 1965 in his book. D’Abrera (2009: 741) states: “Larsen (2005: 191) says that the taxon azureus Clench allegedly from Liberia, is a ‘biogeographically improbable record (and) can safely be ignored’”. This is incorrect (MCW). What actually appears on p.191 is a note that reads as follows: “Iolaus (Iolaus) bolissus Hewitson, 1873 was listed from Liberia by Clench (1965), but since this is based on the Good collection, where several species are clearly mislabelled, this biogeographically improbable record can safely be ignored.” In fact, the type locality of azureus is Metet, Cameroon not Liberia. *Iolaus (Iolaus) carina Hewitson, 1873 Iolaus carina Hewitson, 1873. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 10: 122 (122-125). Iolaus carina Hewitson, 1873. d’Abrera, 2009: 741. Iolaus (Iolaus) carina Hewitson, 1873. Collins et al., 2014: 110. Type locality: “West Africa”. Distribution: Gabon. Specific localities: Gabon – Port Gentil (Stempffer, 1951); Lambarene (Vande weghe, 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. gabonensis Stempffer, 1951 (as ssp. of Iolaus bolissus). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 1924: 125 (161-162). Gabon: “Port Gentil”. *Iolaus (Iolaus) eurisus (Cramer, [1779]) Royal Sapphire Papilio eurisus Cramer, [1779]. In: Cramer, [1779-80]. Die Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waerrelddeelen Asia, Africa en America 3: 47 (176 pp.). Amsteldam & Utrecht. Iolaus eurisus Cramer, 1779. d’Abrera, 2009: 740. Iolaus (Iolaus) eurisus (Cramer, 1779). Collins et al., 2014: 110. 4 Iolaus eurisus eurisus. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Near Abidjan, Ivory Coast. 20 July 1995. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection. Type locality: “Guine”. Distribution: Senegal, Mali, Guinea-Bissau (Bivar-de-Sousa et al., 2016), Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon. Habitat: Most types of forest, as well as in disturbed and quite dry areas (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: This is one of the commonest members of the genus in West Africa (Larsen, 2005a). Males are occasionally seen mud-puddling (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. Iolaus (Iolaus) eurisus eurisus (Cramer, [1779]) Papilio eurisus Cramer, [1779]. In: Cramer, [1779-80]. Die Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waerrelddeelen Asia, Africa en America 3: 47 (176 pp.). Amsteldam & Utrecht. Iolaus eurisus eurisus Cramer, 1779. d’Abrera, 2009: 740. Iolaus (Iolaus) eurisus eurisus (Cramer, 1779). Collins et al., 2014: 110. Iolaus eurisus eurisus. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Near Abidjan, Ivory Coast. 20 July 1995. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection. Type locality: “Guine”. Distribution: Guinea (Conakry, eastwards), Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria (south and Cross River loop). 5 Specific localities: Togo – Misahohe (Suffert, 1904). Benin – Houeyogbe Forest (Coache & Rainon, 2016). Nigeria – Ikoyi Island and Tarkwa Beach, Lagos (Larsen, 2005a). thuraui Suffert, 1904 (as sp. of Jolaus). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 17: 67 (12-107). Togo: “Misahöhe”. Iolaus (Iolaus) eurisus susurro Lamas, 2007 Papilio helius Fabricius, 1781. Species Insectorum 2: 112 (499 pp.). Hamburgi & Kilonii. Iolaus eurisus susurro Lamas, 2007. Lamas, 2007: 128, nom. nov. Iolaus (Iolaus) eurisus susurro Lamas, 2007. Collins et al., 2014: 110. Type locality: “Africa aequinoctiali”. Distribution: Senegal, Mali, Guinea-Bissau (Bivar-de-Sousa et al., 2016; as helius), Guinea (west). Specific
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Greek Mythology at the Service of the Portuguese Inquisition: the Case of Hercules and the Hydra of Lerna
    Athens Journal of Mediterranean Studies- Volume 1, Issue 1 – Pages 25-44 Greek Mythology at the Service of the Portuguese Inquisition: The Case of Hercules and the Hydra of Lerna By Milton Dias Pacheco Greek mythology has been along the centuries a fruitful source of inspiration to artists and writers, as it possesses the strength of expressing symbolically the most common circumstances of life. Regarding the threats that in every age put in danger human life the most popular figure was maybe the Hydra that infested the region of the Lake of Lerna, in Argolis. This mythical figure may still have an older origin as it is connected with chthonic dangers. Because of its terrifying aspect, reptilian traits and poisonous breath, it was related to the evil and the domains of Hell. Later the Hydra significance became larger and deeper as it represented the heresies that could affect the Christian orthodoxy. According to this point of view, every defender of the Catholic Faith was immediately compared to Hercules, the Greek hero who succeeded in killing the mythological Hydra monster. In this way, it is easy to understand why this representation was often used in connection with the Iberian Habsburg Kings, as it worked as a political strategy of this dynasty, in which the Spanish Habsburgs were faced as the guardians and defenders of the Church of Rome, mainly in times when the Inquisition developed a determinative role. An illustrative example of this was the decoration of the arch built by the Inquisition in Lisbon, when King Philip II of Portugal visited the Portuguese Empire capital.
    [Show full text]
  • Folktale Types and Motifs in Greek Heroic Myth Review P.11 Morphology of the Folktale, Vladimir Propp 1928 Heroic Quest
    Mon Feb 13: Heracles/Hercules and the Greek world Ch. 15, pp. 361-397 Folktale types and motifs in Greek heroic myth review p.11 Morphology of the Folktale, Vladimir Propp 1928 Heroic quest NAME: Hera-kleos = (Gk) glory of Hera (his persecutor) >p.395 Roman name: Hercules divine heritage and birth: Alcmena +Zeus -> Heracles pp.362-5 + Amphitryo -> Iphicles Zeus impersonates Amphityron: "disguised as her husband he enjoyed the bed of Alcmena" “Alcmena, having submitted to a god and the best of mankind, in Thebes of the seven gates gave birth to a pair of twin brothers – brothers, but by no means alike in thought or in vigor of spirit. The one was by far the weaker, the other a much better man, terrible, mighty in battle, Heracles, the hero unconquered. Him she bore in submission to Cronus’ cloud-ruling son, the other, by name Iphicles, to Amphitryon, powerful lancer. Of different sires she conceived them, the one of a human father, the other of Zeus, son of Cronus, the ruler of all the gods” pseudo-Hesiod, Shield of Heracles Hera tries to block birth of twin sons (one per father) Eurystheus born on same day (Hera heard Zeus swear that a great ruler would be born that day, so she speeded up Eurystheus' birth) (Zeus threw her out of heaven when he realized what she had done) marvellous infancy: vs. Hera’s serpents Hera, Heracles and the origin of the MIlky Way Alienation: Madness of Heracles & Atonement pp.367,370 • murders wife Megara and children (agency of Hera) Euripides, Heracles verdict of Delphic oracle: must serve his cousin Eurystheus, king of Mycenae -> must perform 12 Labors (‘contests’) for Eurystheus -> immortality as reward The Twelve Labors pp.370ff.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Seismic Reflection Survey and Well Drilling, Umkhanyakude District Municipality, Northern Kzn
    SFG1897 v2 Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SEISMIC REFLECTION SURVEY AND WELL DRILLING, UMKHANYAKUDE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY, NORTHERN KZN Public Disclosure Authorized Client: SANEDI–SACCCS Consultant: G.A. Botha (PhD, Pr.Sci.Nat) in association with specialist consultants; Brousse-James and Associates, WetRest, Jeffares & Green, S. Allan Council for Geoscience, P.O. Box 900, Pietermaritzburg, 3200 Council for Geoscience report: 2016-0009 June, 2016 Copyright © Council for Geoscience, 2016 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Table of Contents Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... vii 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Project description ................................................................................................................................ 4 2.1 Location and regional context ....................................................................................................... 5 2.2 2D seismic reflection survey and well drilling; project description and technical aspects ............ 7 2.2.1 Seismic survey (vibroseis) process ....................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 Well drilling ...........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • NABRO Ecological Analysts CC Natural Asset and Botanical Resource Ordinations Environmental Consultants & Wildlife Specialists
    NABRO Ecological Analysts CC Natural Asset and Botanical Resource Ordinations Environmental Consultants & Wildlife Specialists ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE REPORT FOR HANS HOHEISEN WILDLIFE RESEARCH STATION Compiled by Ben Orban, PriSciNat. June 2013 NABRO Ecological Analysts CC. - Reg No: 16549023 / PO Box 11644, Hatfield, Pretoria. Our reference: NABRO / HHWRS/V01 NABRO Ecological Analysts CC Natural Asset and Botanical Resource Ordinations Environmental Consultants & Wildlife Specialists CONTENTS 1 SPECIALIST INVESTIGATORS ............................................................................... 3 2 DECLARATION ............................................................................................................ 3 3 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 3 4 LOCALITY OF STUDY AREA .................................................................................... 4 4.1 Location ................................................................................................................... 4 5 INFRASTRUCTURE ..................................................................................................... 4 5.1 Fencing ..................................................................................................................... 4 5.2 Camps ...................................................................................................................... 4 5.3 Buildings ................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Check-List of the Butterflies of the Kakamega Forest Nature Reserve in Western Kenya (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea)
    Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 25 (4): 161–174 (2004) 161 Check-list of the butterflies of the Kakamega Forest Nature Reserve in western Kenya (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea) Lars Kühne, Steve C. Collins and Wanja Kinuthia1 Lars Kühne, Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany; email: [email protected] Steve C. Collins, African Butterfly Research Institute, P.O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya Dr. Wanja Kinuthia, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya Abstract: All species of butterflies recorded from the Kaka- list it was clear that thorough investigation of scientific mega Forest N.R. in western Kenya are listed for the first collections can produce a very sound list of the occur- time. The check-list is based mainly on the collection of ring species in a relatively short time. The information A.B.R.I. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi). Furthermore records from the collection of the National density is frequently underestimated and collection data Museum of Kenya (Nairobi), the BIOTA-project and from offers a description of species diversity within a local literature were included in this list. In total 491 species or area, in particular with reference to rapid measurement 55 % of approximately 900 Kenyan species could be veri- of biodiversity (Trueman & Cranston 1997, Danks 1998, fied for the area. 31 species were not recorded before from Trojan 2000). Kenyan territory, 9 of them were described as new since the appearance of the book by Larsen (1996). The kind of list being produced here represents an information source for the total species diversity of the Checkliste der Tagfalter des Kakamega-Waldschutzge- Kakamega forest.
    [Show full text]
  • Addenda to the Insect Fauna of Al-Baha Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with Zoogeographical Notes Magdi S
    JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY, 2016 VOL. 50, NOS. 19–20, 1209–1236 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1103913 Addenda to the insect fauna of Al-Baha Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with zoogeographical notes Magdi S. El-Hawagrya,c, Mostafa R. Sharafb, Hathal M. Al Dhaferb, Hassan H. Fadlb and Abdulrahman S. Aldawoodb aEntomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; bPlant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; cSurvey and Classification of Agricultural and Medical Insects in Al-Baha Province, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The first list of insects (Arthropoda: Hexapoda) of Al-Baha Received 1 April 2015 Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was published in 2013 Accepted 30 September 2015 and contained a total of 582 species. In the present study, 142 Online 9 December 2015 species belonging to 51 families and representing seven orders KEYWORDS are added to the fauna of Al-Baha Province, bringing the total Palaearctic; Afrotropical; number of species now recorded from the province to 724. The Eremic; insect species; reported species are assigned to recognized regional zoogeogra- Arabian Peninsula; Tihama; phical regions. Seventeen of the species are recorded for the first Al-Sarah; Al-Sarawat time for KSA, namely: Platypleura arabica Myers [Cicadidae, Mountains Hemiptera]; Cletomorpha sp.; Gonocerus juniperi Herrich-Schäffer [Coreidae, Hemiptera]; Coranus lateritius (Stål); Rhynocoris bipus- tulatus (Fieber) [Reduviidae, Hemiptera]; Cantacader iranicus Lis; Dictyla poecilla Drake & Hill [Tingidae, Hemiptera]; Mantispa scab- ricollis McLachlan [Mantispidae, Neuroptera]; Cerocoma schreberi Fabricius [Meloidae, Coleoptera]; Platypus parallelus (Fabricius) [Curculionidae, Coleoptera]; Zodion cinereum (Fabricius) [Conopidae, Diptera]; Ulidia ?ruficeps Becker [Ulidiidae, Diptera]; Atherigona reversura Villeneuve [Muscidae, Diptera]; Aplomya metallica (Wiedemann); Cylindromyia sp.
    [Show full text]
  • METAMORPHOSIS No. 23
    METAMORPHOSIS No. 23 Editor: N.K. Owen-Johnston June 1989 METAMORPHOSIS, VOLUME 1, NUMBER 23 2 Editorial I recently had a most disturbing experience. In the course of a business discussion with a client, the subject of butterflies arose. He informed me that as a schoolboy and as a young man prior to his marriage, he had spent every available holiday collecting butterflies in Rhodesia and Mozambique. His speciality was Charaxes and he had compiled an extensive collection of butterflies showing the variation in the various populations in different forests. As many of these forests no longer exist, you can imagine my excitement at the prospect of seeing such a collection. In response to my reaction he offered to show me the collection and said I was welcome to any specimens I could use. An appointment was made for the following weekend. Imagine our shock when the collection turned out to be thousands of rusty pins and dust. This experience brought home to me the necessity of providing adequate care and housing for our collections. We all take pride in our collections and if we consider the cost, in terms of money, time and sweat, of amassing a reasonable collection, none of us would like to think that all we are ultimately doing is feeding a few museum bugs. How many of us have made adequate provision for the disposal of our collections after death? The simple addition of a clause to your will will ensure that the collection goes to someone or some institution that will take good care of it in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Archiv Für Naturgeschichte
    © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at Lepidoptera für 1903. Bearbeitet von Dr. Robert Lucas in Rixdorf bei Berlin. A. Publikationen (Autoren alphabetisch) mit Referaten. Adkin, Robert. Pyrameis cardui, Plusia gamma and Nemophila noc- tuella. The Entomologist, vol. 36. p. 274—276. Agassiz, G. Etüde sur la coloration des ailes des papillons. Lausanne, H. Vallotton u. Toso. 8 °. 31 p. von Aigner-Abafi, A. (1). Variabilität zweier Lepidopterenarten. Verhandlgn. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 53. Bd. p. 162—165. I. Argynnis Paphia L. ; IL Larentia bilineata L. — (2). Protoparce convolvuli. Entom. Zeitschr. Guben. 17. Jahrg. p. 22. — (3). Über Mimikry. Gaea. 39. Jhg. p. 166—170, 233—237. — (4). A mimicryröl. Rov. Lapok, vol. X, p. 28—34, 45—53 — (5). A Mimicry. Allat. Kozl. 1902, p. 117—126. — (6). (Über Mimikry). Allgem. Zeitschr. f. Entom. 7. Bd. (Schluß p. 405—409). Über Falterarten, welche auch gesondert von ihrer Umgebung, in ruhendem Zustande eine eigentümliche, das Auge täuschende Form annehmen (Lasiocampa quercifolia [dürres Blatt], Phalera bucephala [zerbrochenes Ästchen], Calocampa exoleta [Stück morschen Holzes]. — [Stabheuschrecke, Acanthoderus]. Raupen, die Meister der Mimikry sind. Nachahmung anderer Tiere. Die Mimik ist in vielen Fällen zwecklos. — Die wenn auch recht geistreichen Mimikry-Theorien sind doch vielleicht nur ein müßiges Spiel der Phantasie. Aitken u. Comber, E. A list of the butterflies of the Konkau. Journ. Bombay Soc. vol. XV. p. 42—55, Suppl. p. 356. Albisson, J. Notes biologiques pour servir ä l'histoire naturelle du Charaxes jasius. Bull. Soc. Etud. Sc. nat. Nimes. T. 30. p. 77—82. Annandale u. Robinson. Siehe unter S w i n h o e.
    [Show full text]
  • Greek Mythology
    Greek Mythology The Creation Myth “First Chaos came into being, next wide bosomed Gaea(Earth), Tartarus and Eros (Love). From Chaos came forth Erebus and black Night. Of Night were born Aether and Day (whom she brought forth after intercourse with Erebus), and Doom, Fate, Death, sleep, Dreams; also, though she lay with none, the Hesperides and Blame and Woe and the Fates, and Nemesis to afflict mortal men, and Deceit, Friendship, Age and Strife, which also had gloomy offspring.”[11] “And Earth first bore starry Heaven (Uranus), equal to herself to cover her on every side and to be an ever-sure abiding place for the blessed gods. And earth brought forth, without intercourse of love, the Hills, haunts of the Nymphs and the fruitless sea with his raging swell.”[11] Heaven “gazing down fondly at her (Earth) from the mountains he showered fertile rain upon her secret clefts, and she bore grass flowers, and trees, with the beasts and birds proper to each. This same rain made the rivers flow and filled the hollow places with the water, so that lakes and seas came into being.”[12] The Titans and the Giants “Her (Earth) first children (with heaven) of Semi-human form were the hundred-handed giants Briareus, Gyges, and Cottus. Next appeared the three wild, one-eyed Cyclopes, builders of gigantic walls and master-smiths…..Their names were Brontes, Steropes, and Arges.”[12] Next came the “Titans: Oceanus, Hypenon, Iapetus, Themis, Memory (Mnemosyne), Phoebe also Tethys, and Cronus the wily—youngest and most terrible of her children.”[11] “Cronus hated his lusty sire Heaven (Uranus).
    [Show full text]
  • Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation
    Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: Monitoring and Managing Biodiversity Loss in South-East Africa's Montane Ecosystems MT MABU, MOZAMBIQUE: BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION November 2012 Jonathan Timberlake, Julian Bayliss, Françoise Dowsett-Lemaire, Colin Congdon, Bill Branch, Steve Collins, Michael Curran, Robert J. Dowsett, Lincoln Fishpool, Jorge Francisco, Tim Harris, Mirjam Kopp & Camila de Sousa ABRI african butterfly research in Forestry Research Institute of Malawi Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 2 Front cover: Main camp in lower forest area on Mt Mabu (JB). Frontispiece: View over Mabu forest to north (TT, top); Hermenegildo Matimele plant collecting (TT, middle L); view of Mt Mabu from abandoned tea estate (JT, middle R); butterflies (Lachnoptera ayresii) mating (JB, bottom L); Atheris mabuensis (JB, bottom R). Photo credits: JB – Julian Bayliss CS ‒ Camila de Sousa JT – Jonathan Timberlake TT – Tom Timberlake TH – Tim Harris Suggested citation: Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Dowsett-Lemaire, F., Congdon, C., Branch, W.R., Collins, S., Curran, M., Dowsett, R.J., Fishpool, L., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Kopp, M. & de Sousa, C. (2012). Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. 94 pp. Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 3 LIST OF CONTENTS List of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Transactions of the Entomological Society of London
    — ( 309 ) XIX. Entomological Observations and Captures during the visit of the British Association to South Africa in 1905. By F. A. Dixey, M.A., M.D., F.E.S., and G. B. LoNGSTAFF, M.A., M.D., F.R.GP., F.E.S. [Read June 5th, 1907.] Plate XXV. Cape Town. Lat. 34° S. Sea level. August 8tli, 1905. Surely no one who was on deck when the " Kildonan Castle " anchored in Table Bay will forget the impressive scene. Behind the town-lights which gleamed along the front the grand mass of Table Mountain, clear cut against a streak of dawn, lay under the Southern Cross and Magellanic Clouds, while in the opposite quarter Jupiter and Venus shone brilliant beyond our experience, the latter reflected in the sea, and Orion standing on his head demonstrated that we were indeed in a Southern land. These astronomical facts had a bearing on our entomological operations, since we had to grow accus- tomed to the fact that the most promising hunting-grounds were slopes with a north-cast aspect. Faithful to our own science rather than to the associa- tion of which we were members, we had decided to go on to Durban by the same steamer, and put in as many days collecting as possible on the Natal Coast. This left us but a day and a half at Cape Town, in which to get a glimpse of its fauna and flora, and we were truly fortunate in that the Southern spring smiled upon us and provided, if indeed few insects, at any rate what Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Indicator Properties of Species Assemblages for Natural Areas Monitoring Author(S): Claire Kremen Source: Ecological Applications, Vol
    Assessing the Indicator Properties of Species Assemblages for Natural Areas Monitoring Author(s): Claire Kremen Source: Ecological Applications, Vol. 2, No. 2 (May, 1992), pp. 203-217 Published by: Ecological Society of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1941776 . Accessed: 07/02/2014 15:50 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Ecological Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Ecological Applications. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.32.85.74 on Fri, 7 Feb 2014 15:50:07 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Ecological Applications,2(2), 1992, pp. 203-217 ? 1992 by the Ecological Society of America ASSESSING THE INDICATOR PROPERTIES OF SPECIES ASSEMBLAGES FOR NATURAL AREAS MONITORING' CLAIRE KREMEN Centerfor Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 USA Abstract. The diversityof organismsand complexityof ecosystemsprevent thorough inventoryand monitoringof protectedareas, yet sound databases are needed to manage ecosystems for long-termpersistence. One strategyis thereforeto focus monitoringon indicatororganisms, but guidelinesare lackingfor selecting appropriate species or groups. This paper presentsa simple protocolbased on ordinationtechniques for establishing the indicatorproperties of a group of organismsand forselecting an indicatorspecies subset formore intensivemonitoring.
    [Show full text]