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Southern Families and Their Daughters: the Self and the System in Selected Texts by Grau, Gilchrist, Welty, Spencer, and Douglas

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Southern Families and Their Daughters: the Self and the System in Selected Texts by Grau, Gilchrist, Welty, Spencer, and Douglas Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1997 Southern Families and Their aD ughters: The elS f and the System in Selected Texts by Grau, Gilchrist, Welty, Spencer, and Douglas. Jo K. Galle Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Galle, Jo K., "Southern Families and Their aD ughters: The eS lf and the System in Selected Texts by Grau, Gilchrist, Welty, Spencer, and Douglas." (1997). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 6566. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/6566 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EVFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter free, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, b%inning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one eq)osure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Infoimaticn Compaiy 300 North Zed) Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. SOUTHERN FAMILIES AND THEIR DAUGHTERS: THE SELF AND THE SYSTEM IN SELECTED TEXTS BY GRAU, GILCHRIST, WELTY, SPENCER, AND DOUGLAS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of English by Jo K, Galle B.A., Louisiana Tech University, 1983 M.A., Northeast Louisiana University, 1989 December 1997 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ÜMX Number: 9820720 Copyright 1997 by Galle, iTo K Ail rights reserved. UMI Microform 9820720 Copyright 1998, hy UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. © Copyright 1997 Jo K. Galle All rights reserved 11 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Acknowledgements So many people have made the completion of this dissertation possible. My deepest thanks go to Professor Peggy Whitman Prenshaw, my director. Without her expertise in the field of Southern literature as well as her constant support and encouragement, this project simply could not have been completed. Her extraordinary kindness will be remembered fondly. I also thank Professor Lawrence Sasek for all the years of advice and guidance that he has given me. Dr. Sasek and the late Dr. Josephine Roberts were instrumental in helping me return to graduate school after a seven-year absence fi-om LSU. To them both I will always be grateful. I am also thankful that Professor Carl Freedman served on this committee as well as on my preliminary exam committee. Dr. Freedman taught the first course I took in the PhD program; his support and perceptive remarks, then and now, have been indispensable. Professor James Babin also has given me unfailing support, and his invaluable, detailed response to the manuscript was crucial to the improvement of the dissertation. Dr. Adelaide Russo firom the Department of French and Italian was also a very knowledgeable, helpful reader. Throughout the entire process my husband Jeffery Galle was always there for me even during the trying moments, and his understanding, determination, and strength will always be remembered and appreciated. Ill Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................ iii Abstract ....................................................................................................................v Chapter 1 Family Systems, the Self, and the Southern Women’s Novel 1 2 Shirley Ann Gran’s The Keepers of the House: A Family Legacy of Abandonment, Neglect, and Duty ................................. 37 3 Ellen Gilchrist’s Net of Jewels: Searching for Personal Power Beyond the Patriarchy......................................................... 82 4 Eudora Weltv’s The Golden Apples: From Family of Necessity to Family of Choice..................................................... 133 5 Elizabeth Spencer’s The Voice at the Back Door: Breaking the Silence of Prohibited Speech ..................................179 6 EUen Douglas’ Can’t Quit You. Babv: Uncovering the Tangle of Family Secrets........................................................222 7 The Self in the Family System ..................................................... 258 Bibliography ........................................................................................................ 265 Vita........................................................................................................................277 IV Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Abstract In this interdisciplinary study, I apply the materials of family systems theory to the study of five twentieth-century literary texts, each written by a Southern white woman. Arranged in the order they will appear in this study, the five texts are The Keepers of the House (1964) by Shirley Ann Grau; Net of Jewels (1992) by Ellen Gilchrist; The Golden Apples (1949) by Eudora Welty; The Voice at the Back Door (1956) by Elizabeth Spencer; and Can’t Quit You, Baby (1988) by Ellen Douglas. In the analysis of these books—all examples of domestic and social realism—I analyze and measure the effects of the family system on the individuation process of each female protagonist, particularly (as the texts are arranged) the increasing degrees of differentiation that the female protagonist achieves as she conforms to or resists the family and cultural forms she faces. A second purpose is to explore and evaluate the potential of family systems theory as a reliable tool for the analysis of imaginative fiction in general and these texts by these Southern women writers in particular. The results indicate that both the specific family structure and the communication processes of each of the five families supported and fostered the traditional Southern roles of Southern belle and lady. Each of the protagonists also found these roles restrictive, yet how each one reacted to these roles was a Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. meaure of her family’s particular destructive qualities and her unique temperament. From family to family, the central problem varied. Abigail Howland faced neglect and abandonment; Rhoda Manning endured a patriarchal, controlling father; Virgie Rainey experienced the diminished presence of a mother who loved an outsider; Marcia Mae grew up amid secrets and forbidden speech topics; and Cornelia also faced lies and family secrets. Each protagonist, facing various difficulties, employed strategies that were designed to distinguish and differentiate her from the family. They met with varying degrees of success, in their efforts to overcome family difficulties and to integrate the desire for individuality with the demands of family and community. VI Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Chapter 1 Family Systems, the Self, and the Southern Women’s Novel One popular and useful enterprise in literary scholarship of the last several decades has been to apply the discoveries, concepts, and theories in different fields to the analysis of literary texts. The approach has netted some insightful and creative ideas.* In this interdisciplinary study, I apply the materials of family systems theory to the study of five twentieth-century literary texts, each written by a
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