Ages of Liangshan Paleolithic Sites in Hanzhong Basin, Central China
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An Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Urbanization Patterns in Northwest China
land Article An Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Urbanization Patterns in Northwest China Haifen Lei 1,2, Jennifer Koch 2 and Hui Shi 1,* 1 School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; [email protected] 2 Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 6 September 2020; Accepted: 19 October 2020; Published: 27 October 2020 Abstract: Chinese metropolitan areas have been experiencing urbanization over the past decades, impacting biodiversity, carbon emissions, urban heat islands, and food security. Yet, systematic research on spatio-temporal urbanization patterns and drivers along the urban–rural gradient is rarely reported for northwest China. Here, we use land-use data from 1980 to 2015 to explore land-use change, urbanization intensity, and drivers in northwest China. Our results display direct and indirect effects of urban expansion on farmland loss, but also spatio-temporal heterogeneity in the urbanization patterns. While the earlier years were dominated by infill and land conversion close to city centers, the later years displayed sprawling urbanization following the constraints of terrain and administrative boundaries at the cost of farmland. Our regression analysis of spatial variables found a strong relationship with urban planning factors. The spatial analysis of urbanization patterns revealed indirect land-use change on former farmland. Furthermore, we found that regional geography and historic sites considerably influenced land conversion. Overall, our findings indicate the need for sustainable planning strategies that synthesize approaches to farmland and historic site protection and consideration of regionally specific landscape characteristics. -
Protection and Utilization of Confucian Temple in Southern Shaanxi from the Perspective of Cultural Heritage
Open Journal of Social Sciences, 2020, 8, 225-237 https://www.scirp.org/journal/jss ISSN Online: 2327-5960 ISSN Print: 2327-5952 Protection and Utilization of Confucian Temple in Southern Shaanxi from the Perspective of Cultural Heritage Hongdan Guo School of Literature and Media, Ankang University, Ankang, China How to cite this paper: Guo, H. D. (2020). Abstract Protection and Utilization of Confucian Temple in Southern Shaanxi from the As a precious historical and cultural heritage, we should not only pay attention Perspective of Cultural Heritage. Open to protection and inheritance, but also fully consider how to develop and utilize Journal of Social Sciences, 8, 225-237. the Confucian temples. For this purpose, we carried out field research on the https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2020.812017 remaining Confucian temples in southern Shaanxi, where social attention is Received: November 10, 2020 low. After investigation, it was found that: the situation of surviving Confucian Accepted: December 15, 2020 temples in southern Shaanxi is different. There are some Confucian temples Published: December 18, 2020 where the ancient buildings are relatively well preserved, or got seriously dam- aged but have been restored or rebuilt. There are also some Confucian temples Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. where only a few buildings or a single building exist, or even no physical build- This work is licensed under the Creative ings in the ruins. In terms of the utilization of the existing Confucian temples, Commons Attribution International except for some Confucian temples, which are now integrated with museums License (CC BY 4.0). -
Zhao Leji 赵乐际 Born 1957
Zhao Leji 赵乐际 Born 1957 Current Positions • Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (2017– present) • Member of the Politburo Standing Committee (2017–present) • Director of the Central Organization Department of the CCP Central Committee (2012–present) • Deputy Head of the Central Leading Group for Party Building Work (2012–present) • Deputy Head of the Central Leading Group for Inspection Work (2012–present) • Member of the Politburo (2012–present) • Full member of the Central Committee of the CCP (2002–present) Personal and Professional Background Zhao Leji was born on March 8, 1957, in Xining City, Qinghai Province. His ancestral home is Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, and his parents served as cadres who moved from Xi’an to support frontier work in economically disadvantaged Qinghai. Zhao joined the CCP in 1975. He was a “sent-down youth” at an agricultural commune in Qinghai’s Guide County during the Cultural Revolution (1974–75).i He received an undergraduate degree in philosophy from Peking University in Beijing (1977–80) and was part of the last class comprised of the so-called “worker-peasant-soldier students.” Zhao also attended the graduate program in currency and banking at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (1996–98) and the graduate program in politics at the Central Party School (2002–05), both via part-time studies. In the Department of Commerce of the Qinghai provincial government, Zhao served as a communications officer (1975–77) and as a clerk in the political division (1980–82). Between 1980 and 1983, he served in various roles within the Qinghai Provincial Commerce School, namely instructor, Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL) secretary, and deputy head of the dean’s office. -
Pre-Primary Education
Detailed Sector Assessment: Pre-Primary Education Project Number: 53060-001 March 2021 People's Republic of China: Shaanxi Xi'an Preschool Education Development Program CONTENTS Page A. EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES ............... 1 B. SECTOR PROFILE: EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION IN XI'AN ............................... 5 1. Access to Early Childhood Education ....................................................................... 5 2. Quality of Early Childhood Education ..................................................................... 11 3. Early Childhood Education Management, Supervision, and Financing ..................... 19 4. Early Childhood Education Innovation .................................................................... 20 C. INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LESSONS AND GOOD PRACTICE..................... 21 D. ADB COUNTRY AND SECTOR EXPERIENCE AND ASSISTANCE ........................... 27 E. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ADB TO SUPPORT EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN XI'AN .................................................................................................... 28 APPENDIXES 1. Bilingual Glossary ............................................................................................................ 30 2. Problem Tree ................................................................................................................... 35 3. Xi'an Preschool Education Development Plan, 2019–2025 ................................................ 36 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank -
The Spreading of Christianity and the Introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949)
Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid Programa de doctorado en Concervación y Restauración del Patrimonio Architectónico The Spreading of Christianity and the introduction of Modern Architecture in Shannxi, China (1840-1949) Christian churches and traditional Chinese architecture Author: Shan HUANG (Architect) Director: Antonio LOPERA (Doctor, Arquitecto) 2014 Tribunal nombrado por el Magfco. y Excmo. Sr. Rector de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, el día de de 20 . Presidente: Vocal: Vocal: Vocal: Secretario: Suplente: Suplente: Realizado el acto de defensa y lectura de la Tesis el día de de 20 en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid. Calificación:………………………………. El PRESIDENTE LOS VOCALES EL SECRETARIO Index Index Abstract Resumen Introduction General Background........................................................................................... 1 A) Definition of the Concepts ................................................................ 3 B) Research Background........................................................................ 4 C) Significance and Objects of the Study .......................................... 6 D) Research Methodology ...................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Chinese traditional architecture 1.1 The concept of traditional Chinese architecture ......................... 13 1.2 Main characteristics of the traditional Chinese architecture .... 14 1.2.1 Wood was used as the main construction materials ........ 14 1.2.2 -
Supplementary Material
Supplementary Material Figure S1 Geographic distribution of Salvia miltiorrhiza seeds Sampling sites. Figure S2 SSR cluster analysis chart of S.miltiorrhiza seeds from different geographic sampling sites. Figure S3 Rarefaction curves showing the observed OTU richness (97% identity). Figure S4 Taxonomic composition of seed-associated bacterial microbiome of S.miltiorrhiza at class level. Figure S5 Taxonomic composition of seed-associated fungal microbiome of S.miltiorrhiza at class level. Figure S7 Fungal community diversity statistics for S. miltiorrhiza seed samples. Table S1 Sampling sources and quality of S. miltiorrhiza seeds. Table S2 Characterization of 10 microsatellite loci List. Table S3 SSR genetic diversity indexes. Table S4 AMOVA results. Table S5 Summary of sequencing and statistical data of bacterial microbiome of S. miltiorrhiza seeds. Table S6 Summary of sequencing and statistical data of fungal microbiome of S. miltiorrhiza seeds. Table S7 Alpha-diversity and richness estimates indices for bacterial 16S rDNA amplicon libraries of S. miltiorrhiza seed samples. Table S8 Alpha-diversity and Richness estimates indices for Fungal ITS amplicon libraries of S. miltiorrhiza seed samples. Table S9 Top 8 most abundant bacterial genera within core bacterial microbiome of S. miltiorrhiza seed. Table S10 Top 8 most abundant fungal genera within core fungal microbiome of S. miltiorrhiza seed. Figure S1 Geographic distribution of Salvia miltiorrhiza seeds Sampling sites. The symbols indicates sample with their IDs and their sampling sites, DS1-LG (Luonan County, Shaanxi Province), DS2-SZ (Shangzhou District, Shaanxi Province), DS3-TC (Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province), DS4-LG (Langao County, Shaanxi Province), DS5-MC (Mianchi County, Henan Province), DS6-RC (Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province), DS7-LW (Laiwu County, Shandong Province). -
Preparing the Shaanxi-Qinling Mountains Integrated Ecosystem Management Project (Cofinanced by the Global Environment Facility)
Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 39321 June 2008 PRC: Preparing the Shaanxi-Qinling Mountains Integrated Ecosystem Management Project (Cofinanced by the Global Environment Facility) Prepared by: ANZDEC Limited Australia For Shaanxi Province Development and Reform Commission This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. FINAL REPORT SHAANXI QINLING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PREPARED FOR Shaanxi Provincial Government And the Asian Development Bank ANZDEC LIMITED September 2007 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as at 1 June 2007) Currency Unit – Chinese Yuan {CNY}1.00 = US $0.1308 $1.00 = CNY 7.64 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank BAP – Biodiversity Action Plan (of the PRC Government) CAS – Chinese Academy of Sciences CASS – Chinese Academy of Social Sciences CBD – Convention on Biological Diversity CBRC – China Bank Regulatory Commission CDA - Conservation Demonstration Area CNY – Chinese Yuan CO – company CPF – country programming framework CTF – Conservation Trust Fund EA – Executing Agency EFCAs – Ecosystem Function Conservation Areas EIRR – economic internal rate of return EPB – Environmental Protection Bureau EU – European Union FIRR – financial internal rate of return FDI – Foreign Direct Investment FYP – Five-Year Plan FS – Feasibility -
THE LAST YEARS 218–220 Liu Bei in Hanzhong 218–219 Guan Yu and Lü Meng 219 Posthumous Emperor 220 the Later History Of
CHAPTER TEN THE LAST YEARS 218–220 Liu Bei in Hanzhong 218–219 Guan Yu and Lü Meng 219 Posthumous emperor 220 The later history of Cao Wei Chronology 218–2201 218 spring: short-lived rebellion at Xu city Liu Bei sends an army into Hanzhong; driven back by Cao Hong summer: Wuhuan rebellion put down by Cao Cao’s son Zhang; Kebineng of the Xianbi surrenders winter: rebellion in Nanyang 219 spring: Nanyang rebellion put down by Cao Ren Liu Bei defeats Xiahou Yuan at Dingjun Mountain summer: Cao Cao withdraws from Hanzhong; Liu Bei presses east down the Han autumn: Liu Bei proclaims himself King of Hanzhong; Guan Yu attacks north in Jing province, besieges Cao Ren in Fan city rebellion of Wei Feng at Ye city winter: Guan Yu defeated at Fan; Lü Meng seizes Jing province for Sun Quan and destroys Guan Yu 220 spring [15 March]: Cao Cao dies at Luoyang; Cao Pi succeeds him as King of Wei winter [11 December]: Cao Pi takes the imperial title; Cao Cao is given posthumous honour as Martial Emperor of Wei [Wei Wudi] * * * * * 1 The major source for Cao Cao’s activities from 218 to 220 is SGZ 1:50–53. They are presented in chronicle order by ZZTJ 68:2154–74 and 69:2175; deC, Establish Peace, 508–560. 424 chapter ten Chronology from 220 222 Lu Xun defeats the revenge attack of Liu Bei against Sun Quan 226 death of Cao Pi, succeeded by his son Cao Rui 238 death of Cao Rui, succeeded by Cao Fang under the regency of Cao Shuang 249 Sima Yi destroys Cao Shuang and seizes power in the state of Wei for his family 254 Sima Shi deposes Cao Fang, replacing him with Cao Mao 255 Sima Shi succeeded by Sima Zhao 260 Cao Mao killed in a coup d’état; replaced by Cao Huan 264 conquest of Shu-Han 266 Sima Yan takes title as Emperor of Jin 280 conquest of Wu by Jin Liu Bei in Hanzhong 218–219 Even while Cao Cao steadily developed his position with honours, titles and insignia, he continued to proclaim his loyalty to Han and to represent himself as a servant—albeit a most successful and distin- guished one—of the established dynasty. -
March 2021 2020 Annual Results Presentation
2020 Annual Results March 2021 Important Disclaimer and Notice to Recipients Institutional presentation materials By attending the meeting where this presentation is made, or by reading the presentation materials, you agree to be bound by the following limitations: The information in this presentation has been prepared by representatives of West China Cement Limited (the “Issuer”) for use in presentations by the Issuer at investor meetings and does not constitute a recommendation or offer regarding the securities of the Issuer. No representation or warranty, express or implied, is made as to, and no reliance should be placed on, the fairness, accuracy, completeness or correctness of the information, or opinions contained herein. None the Issuer, Credit Suisse Securities (Europe) Limited and Nomura International plc, or any of their respective advisors or representatives shall have any responsibility or liability whatsoever (for negligence or otherwise) for any loss howsoever arising from any use of this presentation or its contents or otherwise arising in connection with this presentation. The information set out herein may be subject to updating, completion, revision, verification and amendment and such information may change materially. This presentation is based on the economic, regulatory, market and other conditions as in effect on the date hereof. It should be understood that subsequent developments may affect the information contained in this presentation, which neither the Issuer nor its advisors or representatives are under an obligation to update, revise or affirm. The information communicated in this presentation contains certain statements that are or may be forward looking. These statements typically contain words such as "will", "expects" and "anticipates" and words of similar import. -
Cumulative Effect and Content Variation of Toxic Trace Elements in Human Hair Around Xiaoqinling Gold Mining Area, Northwestern China
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Cumulative Effect and Content Variation of Toxic Trace Elements in Human Hair around Xiaoqinling Gold Mining Area, Northwestern China Min Yang 1,2,*, Youning Xu 2, Hailing Ke 2 and Huaqing Chen 2,* 1 School of Resources Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi’an 710055, China 2 Shaanxi Tongguan Observation Base on Geological Environment of Mines, Xi’an Center of China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710054, China; [email protected] (Y.X.); [email protected] (H.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.Y.); [email protected] (H.C.) Abstract: The harm of toxic trace element polluted living environments to human health in mining areas has attracted extensive attention. In this study, human hair samples from a toxic trace element polluted area (village A) in a mineral processing area collected in 2015 and 2019 were studied in detail and the nonpolluted human hair samples from a contrast area (village B) with a relatively clean environment were also collected for comparison. The Hg and As in human hair samples were analyzed by Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (AFS) and the Pb, Cd, Cr, and Cu in human hair samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The single cumulative index (Pi) and the Nemerrow index (Pz) were used to evaluate the single and comprehensive cumulative pollution index. The results indicated that the average toxic trace element contents in human hair from different ages in the polluted area exhibited certain statistical significance. Citation: Yang, M.; Xu, Y.; Ke, H.; The average single cumulative indexes indicated a significant accumulation of Hg, Pb, and Cd in Chen, H. -
Effects of Formulated Fertilizer, Irrigation and Varieties on Wheat Yield in Shaanxi China
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2014, 6(7):1124-1129 ISSN : 0975-7384 Research Article CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Effects of formulated fertilizer, irrigation and varieties on wheat yield in Shaanxi China Xiaoying Wang1, Yanan Tong1,2*, Pengcheng Gao1, Fen Liu1, Yimin Gao1, Zuoping Zhao1 and Yan Pang1 1College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China 2Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agricultural Environment in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT In order to study the effects of formulated fertilization, irrigation and different varieties on crop yields and farmer’s income, this research used household survey data and demonstration test data of formulated fertilization, which was collected from the project of soil testing and formulated fertilization in Shaanxi province from 2007 to 2011. For analysis, there were a total of 53 counties in the sample. The results show that in Weibei, Guanzhong and Qin-Ba regions, compared with conventional fertilization, formulated fertilization decreased nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates by 31.92%, 12.59% and 10.13% respectively, decreased phosphate (P2O5) fertilizer rates by 20.44%, 2.10% and 26.19% respectively, increased potassium (K2O) fertilizer rates by 105.98%, 193.99% and 382.58% respectively. The yields of wheat improved 330 kg ha-1, 403 kg ha-1 and 738 kg ha-1, the yield increase rates were 7.73%, 6.26% and 19.71%, the average profits increased about 906 yuan ha-1, 689 yuan ha-1 and 1423 yuan ha-1 respectively in the three regions. In addition, the average yields were higher up to 19.07%, 14.96% and 17.76% respectively when irrigation had been used than without, and it was not the most productive varieties that were the most grown in the three regions. -
Catholic Missionaries on China's Qinling Shu Roads
Catholic Missionaries on China’s Qinling Shu Roads: Including an account of the Hanzhong Mission at Guluba David L B Jupp URL: http://qinshuroads.org/ September 2012. Addenda & Corrigenda: November 2013, April 2015, July 2016 & January 2018. Minor edits January 2020. Abstract: The background to this document is found in the history of China’s Shu Roads that passed through the Qinling and Ba Mountains for many years. The roads have linked the northern and southern parts of western China since the earliest records and probably before. In all that time, the common description of the Shu roads was that they were “hard”. In the Yuan, Ming and Qing periods when China was open and accessible, foreign travellers visited the Shu Roads and some left accounts of their travels. Among the early travellers were Catholic Missionaries who moved into the west of China to spread Christianity. This document first outlines the historical environment of the open periods and then identifies various events and Catholic Priests who seem to have travelled the Shu Roads or have left descriptions that are of interest today. The main focus of this document is on the recorded experiences of Missionaries mostly from the Jesuit, Franciscan and Vincentian orders of the Catholic Church of Rome who travelled to the Hanzhong Basin. The main items include: Marco Polo’s (circa 1290) account of travels in China which many Priests who arrived later had read to find out about China; Jesuit Fr. Étienne Faber’s travels to Hanzhong in 1635; Jesuit Fr. Martino Martini’s description of Plank Roads in his Atlas of China in 1655; Franciscan Fr.