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Wfp Somalia Seasonal Programming Analysis

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Wfp Somalia Seasonal Programming Analysis WFP SOMALIA SEASONAL PROGRAMMING ANALYSIS LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMMING: SEASONAL CALENDARS, INTERVENTIONS MENUS AND COMMUNITY ACTION PLANS Through seasonal programming workshops with communities, local authorities and other partners, WFP has developed a menu of appropriate, seasonally differen- tiated, activities for all districts in Somalia. The calendars below are from Burao and Odweyne districts in Somaliland but WFP applies the same livelihood program- ming principles throughout Somalia using specific calendars for the different areas. While referring to the broader intervention menus, community action plans are also developed by each targeted community. The community action plans provide baseline data, an analysis of needs and appropriate interventions and a three-year prioritized plan, with multiple activities proposed for each community. The plans are shared with partners in order to generate complementary activities. SEASONAL CALENDAR (TYPICAL YEAR) - BURAO AND ODWEINE DISTRICTS April May June July August September October November December January February March Rainy seasons Gu - main rains Deyr - short rains Dry seasons Hagaa - dry season Jilaal - long dry season Pastoralists Most difficult/best months Most difficult months Start of best months Difficult months Food stresses Peak hunger gap Peak Start of hunger gap Seasonal movements Movements 15-20 km from homestead, either with the whole family members (2/3) or men/young adults only (1/3) Farmer/pastoralist conflict All year but mainly during movements (e.g. land closing, new settlements on pastoral lands, etc.) Animal diseases Diseases linked to wetter season Higher disease transfers occur at concentrated waterpoints Camel reproduction Conceive/birth anytime during rainy seasons Conceive/birth anytime during rainy seasons Sheep & goats reproduction Peak - sheep & goats birthing Peak - only goats reproduce twice a year; sheep kidding in Deyr will be from conception during the previous Deyr Camel milk & dairy sales Highest production & sales - lowest prices Low production & sales - higher prices Highest production & sales - lowest prices Low production & sales - higher prices Sheep/goat milk & dairy sales Peak during rainy seasons Peak during rainy seasons Camel sales Peak for the Hadj, 4/5 years male camels for export, highest prices Highest sales (incl productive female) - low quality & low prices Sheep & goats sales Highest sales, low prices (local market) High sales for Hadj, male, prices high High sales, quality low, prices low Beneficiaries of voucher for asset program in Berbera, March 2013 Participants in canal rehabilitation project in Somaliland, March 2013 HH expenditure patterns Peak (food, water, but also clothing, etc) when people come to town (Copyright: WFP / Nichola Peach) (Copyright: WFP / Hassan Mohamed) Agro-Pastoralists Most difficult/best months (W) Less work, milk prod., water is avail. Hunger period+chasing birds and other tasks Some cereals in stock, water not far Water scarcity+assist land preparation+other tasks Most difficult/best months (M) Best period Good period SEASONAL CALENDAR OF BASIC SERVICE PROGRAMMES Food stresses Hunger gap increases (slight easing with Gu and milk production) and becomes acute before the harvests Start Basic Service Gu - main rains Hagaa - dry season Deyr - short rains Jilaal - long dry season Sorghum (qty) duration 3 months own consumption+sales 2 months own consumption+sales Programmes Maize (qty) duration 2 months own consumption+sales 2 months own consumption+sales Months April May June July August September October November December January February March Fodder (residues) Stored and used during Jilal and Haga as livestock fodder High malnutrition Delivery of school spike cont. - supplies and in- Sorghum/Maize production Planting (men/women) Weeding m/w Chase birds Harvest (m) Land prep Planting Weeding Bird ch. Harvest Land preparation (men) Acute malnutrition spikes - increase increase Key Migration period for pastoralists - mobile service School Break service/refresher Cash crop: Watermelon Harvest in July (mainly men) Watermelon sales Planting, by men mainly Migration period for pastoralists - mobile service provision preventative and treatment nutrition preventative and provision as well as services at key transit points. trainings for as well as services at key transit points. Increased programme outreach, coverage. Cash crop: Tomatoes etc Land prep Planting Harvest. treatment nutrition Increased incentives needed for school attendance teachers incentives needed for school attendance (pastoralists). Preventative programmes to begin programme (pastoralists). Mild seasonal acute malnutrition prior to the peak. outreach/ MENU OF LIVELIHOOD INTERVENTIONS (TYPICAL YEAR) - BURAO AND ODWEINE DISTRICTS spikes (severity depends on Gu) - coverage. increase preventative and treatment April May June July August September October November December January February March Water scarcity nutrition programme Water scarcity - high workload (girls) Gu - main rains Deyr - short rains cont. - Possible Prioritize school incentives for agro- Prioritize school incentives for agro- outreach/coverage. Preventative Community DRR training/planning and expenditure (HH) - Prioritize Hagaa - dry season Jilaal - long dry season need for water pastoralists to offset demands for pastoralists to offset demands for programmes to begin prior to the sessions for pastoralists water vouchers, Possible need for trucking in bad agriculture related work agriculture related work Strengthen HH's capacity to prepare for peak. water trucking in bad years. Support HH's to make investments years. Protecting livelihoods & safeguarding coming hardships Protecting lives & livelihoods & safeguarding (or support HH Recovery if following a failed All Livelihoods Adult investments (or support HH Recovery if following a failed development gains education/skills Deyr & severe Jilaal) Adult education/skills trainings for pastoralists (least PASTORALISTS Can be labour-based: (women & men) Gu) Can be labour-based: (women & men) trainings for agro- Can be labour-based: (women & men) busy season) Transfer modality preferences: Can be labour-based: (women & men) Transfer modality preferences: pastoralists (least Transfer modality preferences: Adult education/skills trainings for pastoralists (least Adult education/skills trainings for urban poor/IDPs (least Food (women) / Cash (men) Transfer modality preferences: Vouchers (women & men) / Cash (men) busy season) busy season) and in August for agro-pastoralists busy season) Cash (women & men) Cash (women & men) Training of pastoralist elders on AWD and other disease outbreaks - Increase efforts conflict resolution and/or rangeland focused on behaviour change communication Soil bunds Soil bunds management Gabions Gabions Post Gu Harvest Period, Land Preparation and Soil conservation Tree planting Mosquito Net distribution and Morbidity increases (AWD mid April to mid June, Malaria mid- Planting for Deyr rains with high HH labour Check dams Check dams HH labour demands for tending to fields and stocking of drugs before rains. June to July) - Increase efforts focused on behaviour change demands - efforts to increase utilization of Feeder roads Feeder roads harvest (Dec/Jan) - efforts to increase utilization Increased incentives for school communication. Possible need for mosquito net and other NFI services and/or better outreach required. of services and/or better outreach required. attendance following failed harvests Nursery establishment Nursery establishment distributions. Increased incentives for school attendance (agro-pastoralists). Berkad construction/rehabilitation Berkad construction/rehabilitation following failed harvests (agro-pastoralists). Water harvesting Shallow well construction/maintenance Shallow well construction/maintenance Roadside/run-on run-off systems Roadside/run-on run-off systems JOINT RESILIENCE STRATEGY FOCUS DISTRICTS FOR RESILIENCE Protecting lives & livelihoods & safeguarding development Strengthen HH's capacity to Support HH's to make investments Protecting As part of the Joint Resilience Strategy for So- STRATEGY gains prepare for coming hardships (or support HH Recovery if following a failed lives & malia adopted in 2012, FAO, UNICEF and WFP Can be labour-based: (women & men) Can be labour-based: (women Gu) livelihoods & AGRO-PASTORALISTS Transfer modality preferences: & men) identified three complementary building blocks Can be labour-based: (women & men) safeguarding Vouchers (women & men) / Cash (men) Transfer modality preferences: to promote resilience in Somalia. One of these Transfer modality preferences: development NB: Difficult period for women in June/July (labour-based Vouchers & Cash (women & key components – The strengthening of the Cash (women & men) gains projects can be an issue for women) men) productive sectors – is being addressed through WFP’s livelihoods activities. Soil bunds Soil bunds Gabions Gabions In April 2013, WFP started implementing liveli- Soil conservation Tree planting Check dams Check dams hoods activities, including water catchment Feeder roads Feeder roads rehabilitation and canal irrigation, in targeted Nursery establishment Nursery establishment Water catchment rehabilitation project imple- villages in Dolow district, one of the geo- Berkad construction/rehabilitation Berkad construction/rehabilitation mented as part of the Joint Resilience Strategy, graphical focus areas targeted under the Joint Water harvesting Resilience Strategy. The
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