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La Célébration Des Buts Dans Le Football

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La Célébration Des Buts Dans Le Football s s e e s s y y l l a a n n La célébration des buts dans le football – A A i i d d Expression de joie ou plus que ça ? e e M M Roxana Diana ENE , University of Bucharest, Romania ritual that has lately become more and more Résumé attractive. The purpose of this article is to present the meanings of the most common manifestations of Le jeu de football est construit autour de footballers after scoring a goal. Beyond expressing nombreux rituels et cérémonies et la célébration joy, players transmit different messages, whether they des buts représente un rituel qui est devenu de plus are funny, inciting or controversial. This work treats en plus attractif ces derniers temps. L’objectif de the celebration of goals as a ritual of footballers, cet article est de présenter les significations des based on theoretical statements of authors like Rainer manifestations les plus courantes des footballeurs Polak and Michał Mazurkiewicz. This article helps après ils marquent un but. Au-delà de l’expression to understand the celebration of goals as a ritual de la joie, les joueurs transmettent des messages and to decode the manifestations of footballers. différents, qu’ils soient drôles, incitatifs ou contro - versés. Ce travail considère la célébration des buts Keywords Anul XIV, nr. 2, 2019 nr. Anul XIV, comme un rituel des footballeurs, basé sur les déclarations théoriques d’auteurs comme Rainer Football, rituals, mass-media. Polak et Michał Mazurkiewicz. Cet article aide à comprendre la célébration des buts comme un La suprématie du sport est aujourd’hui incon - rituel et à décoder les manifestations des footballeurs. testable, soit on le pratique, on soutient une équipe ou admire un joueur. Si on réduit la discussion à un seul Mots clefs sport, ce ne peut être que le football. Pourquoi ? La réponse est simple. Le football est le sport le Jeu de football, ritualisation, media. plus populaire au monde, la preuve étant des études récentes. Plus de quatre personnes sur dix se Abstract considèrent comme des fans de football, ce qui en fait le sport le plus populaire au monde. Dans une Jurnalism ºi comunicare * The football game is built around numerous rituals enquête menée par Nielsen sur 18 marchés mondiaux, and ceremonies and the celebration of goals is a 43% des personnes interrogées ont déclaré être 24 M M e « intéressées » ou « très intéressées » par le football et d’habitudes spécifiques qui peuvent être appelés e d d i en 2017 (Boudway, 2018). rituels” (Mazurkiewicz, 2011, p. 321). Dans sa i A A n Le football est le sport qui vous enveloppe dans vision, “les rituels comprennent une collection n a a une vague d’émotions des plus diverses. Le football l d’activités qui se produit dans un ordre déterminé, l y y s vous fait vivre à une intensité maximale chaque jeu, tel que l’utilisation de phrases ou mots, récitation, s e e s espérer, crier devant la télé, il vous rend heureux, met chant, danse, processions de groupe ou la mani pu - s en colère et il vous fait traverser le monde entier pour lation respectueuse des objets sacrés (symboles)” soutenir votre équipe favorite ou pour voir votre (Mazurkiewicz, 2011, p. 218). Compte tenu de ces joueur préféré. Tant d’émotions en tant que spectateur. caractéristiques, la célébration des buts peut être Mais qu’est-ce que cela signifie d’être un joueur ou considérée comme un rituel du football. À quelques un entraîneur, de vivre chaque instant sur le terrain? exceptions près, les célébrations ont lieu chaque fois On peut comprendre les sentiments et les croyances qu’un but est marqué, sont composés d’éléments des joueurs par les gestes et les expressions faciales spécifiques et transmettent divers messages. affichées pendant le jeu, mais surtout à travers la Le sujet de la célébration des buts est traité dans façon dont ils célèbrent leurs buts. Les lois du jeu, un document élaboré par le Conseil Drôles, originales, provocantes, polémiques, les International du Football Association (IFAB). Les célébrations des buts sont toujours spéciales et restent informations sur la célébration des buts se trouvent dans la mémoire des supporters. Rainer Polak définit dans la Loi 12 – Fautes et incorrections. Le document la célébration comme “l’activité de participer à une mentionne que “les joueurs sont autorisés à exprimer fête avec l’intention de marquer un événement social leur joie lorsqu’un but est marqué, mais sans excès. comme étant spécial et important” (Polak, 2019, Les célébrations orchestrées ne doivent pas être p. 477). En cas de la célébration des buts, les joueurs encouragées et ne doivent pas entraîner une perte de cherchent à marquer l’importance du moment à temps excessive. Quitter le terrain pour célébrer un travers divers mouvements et la transmission de but n’est pas une faute passible d’avertissement, certains messages. mais les joueurs doivent y revenir le plus rapide- Polak parle aussi d’une ambiance ou une ment possible” (https://img.fifa.com/image/upload/ atmosphère contribuant à ce qui fait la célébration nix1qkmwm85oeftiuxxj.pdf, consulté mai 20, 2019). Jurnalism ºi comunicare * d’être speciale. “Cet état d’esprit tend souvent au plaisir et à l’euphorie, mais il peut également pencher En plus, le texte de l’IFAB énumère les situations vers le sérieux et le solennel” (ibidem). Cette affir - dans lesquelles “un joueur doit être averti”: mation est également valable pour la célébration des buts. Si certaines célébrations montrent simplement la • “il grimpe sur les grilles entourant le terrain joie du joueur qui a marqué, d’autres représentent un et/ou s’approche des spectateurs; moyen par lequel divers messages sont transmis, une d’une telle façon qu’il entraîne des problèmes de dédicace est faite, une cause est soutenue ou un sécurité; moyen de rendre un hommage. Certaines célébrations • il fait des gestes provocateurs, moqueurs ou peuvent faire référence à des moments de la vie d’un offensants ou agit de façon; joueur, tels que la naissance de son propre enfant ou provocatrice, moqueuse ou offensante; le décès d’une personne. En célébrant un but, des • il recouvre sa tête ou son visage d’un masque messages politiques ou religieux peuvent être ou autre article analogue; 2, 2019 nr. Anul XIV, transmis. Parfois, les célébrations font référence à • il enlève son maillot ou s’en couvre la tête” des cultures et à des coutumes spécifiques à un pays. (ibidem). Ces dernières années, les footballeurs ont commencé Un autre aspect important est que “les joueurs ne à imiter des chanteurs ou des personnages de jeux sont pas autorisés à exhiber de slogans, messages ou vidéo. Au fil du temps, il a été prouvé que la créativité images à caractère politique, religieux, personnel des joueurs n’a aucune limite en termes de célébration ou publicitaire sur leurs sous-vêtements autres que le des buts. Le niveau atteint dans le désir de célébrer un logo du fabricant. En cas d’infraction, le joueur et/ou but d’une manière unique est même la mort du joueur. l’équipe sera sanctionné par l’organisateur de la Selon Michał Mazurkiewicz, “chaque discipline compétition, par la fédération nationale ou par sportive crée un monde particulier de comportements la FIFA” (ibidem). 25 s s e e s s y y l l a a n n A A i i d d e e M M Bebeto (Brésil) – le mouvement de berceau ; Source : bbc.com Une célébration qui annonce que le joueur aura Que signifient les célébrations de but des un bébé consiste à cacher la balle sous sa chemise. footballeurs ? Cela signifie que sa femme est enceinte et elle est sur le point de donner naissance à un bébé. Parfois, il La naissance / Dédicace pour les enfants y a un élément supplémentaire dans cette célébration: La naissance d’un enfant a été célébrée pour la le pouce dans la bouche. première fois après un but par le brésilien Bebeto. Cela s’est passé au Championnat du Monde de D’autres fois, la célébration est composée d’autres football de 1994, lors du match entre le Brésil et les éléments: le pouce dans la bouche et l’autre main Pays-Bas, en quarts de finale. Parce que sa femme pointant vers la caméra. C’est un hommage à son fils vient d’accoucher, Bebeto a voulu faire connaître le ou à sa fille. Le pouce dans la bouche est l’image monde entier l’événement de sa vie. d’une tétine. Cependant, d’autres joueurs sont déjà Après il a marqué, Bebeto, avec deux coéquipiers, préparés avec une tétine. Une fois qu’il a marqué, le a célébré le but en faisant un mouvement de berceau joueur court vers la ligne de touche et prend la tétine avec ses bras pour marquer la naissance de son fils. laissée aux joueurs des réserves. Cette célébration est encore très utilisée aujourd’hui. Anul XIV, nr. 2, 2019 nr. Anul XIV, Jurnalism ºi comunicare * 26 Joel Campbell (Costa Rica) – la balle sous chemise et le pouce dans la bouche ; Source : Reuters M M e e d d i i A A n n a a l l y y s s e e s s Antoine Griezmann (France) – le pouce dans la Carlos Tevez (Argentine) – célébration avec bouche Source : Sipa la tétine Source : AFP Jurnalism ºi comunicare * Mohamed Salah (Egypte) – célébration par le sujood ; Source : Reuters traduit en prière (à la suite de sa racine arabe, salaat La religion est mieux traduit par « connexion »)” (Brown, 2018). Après Mohamed Salah embrasse ses collègues, il Partout dans le monde, on voit souvent des s’agenouille sur le terrain et met sa tête sur le terre.
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