DOCSLIB.ORG

America's Perfect Storm

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
America's Perfect Storm Policy Information Report America’s Perfect Storm Three Forces Changing Our Nation’s Future This.report.was.written.by: Irwin Kirsch, Henry Braun, and Kentaro Yamamoto of ETS, and Andrew Sum of Northeastern Table of Contents University. The.views.expressed.in.this.report. are.those.of.the.authors.and.do.not. necessarily.reflect.the.views.of.the. Preface....................................................................................................2 officers.and.trustees.of.Educational. Testing.Service. Acknowledgments..................................................................................2 Additional.copies.of.this.report.can. be.ordered.for.$15.(prepaid).from: Executive.Summary...............................................................................3 Policy.Information.Center. Introduction............................................................................................6 Mail.Stop.19-R. Educational.Testing.Service. A.Look.Backward...................................................................................8 Rosedale.Road. Princeton,.NJ.08541-0001. The.Three.Forces..................................................................................11 (609).734-5949. [email protected] The.Divergent.Skill.Distributions........................................................12 View.and.download.the.. The.Economy........................................................................................16 report.and.additional.materials.. at.ets.org/stormreport The.Demographic.Trends.....................................................................19 A.Look.Toward.the.Future...................................................................21 Copyright.©.2007.by.. Educational.Testing.Service... Implications..........................................................................................24 All.rights.reserved..Educational. Appendix...............................................................................................27 Testing.Service,.ETS,.and.the.ETS. logo.are.registered.trademarks.of.. Educational.Testing.Service.(ETS). in.the.United.States.of.America.. and.other.countries.throughout.. the.world.. January.2007. Policy.Evaluation.and. ....Research.Center. Policy.Information.Center. Educational.Testing.Service 1 Preface Dear God, be good to me; The.authors.document.and.describe.these.three. The sea is so wide, forces.—.divergent.skill.distributions.among.U.S..pop- And my boat is so small. ulation.groups,.a.changing.economy,.and.demographic. trends.of.a.growing,.more.diverse.population..They. project.the.impact.of.these.interactions.upon.the.na- These.lines,.from.the.Breton.Fisherman’s.Prayer,.strike. tion.25.years.into.the.future..Kirsch.and.his.colleagues. an.image.of.vulnerability.for.those.who.may.not.be. warn.us.that.the.confluence.of.these.factors.can.create. adequately.prepared.for.a.challenging.environment.. a.powerful.dynamic.that.continually.feeds.the.storm. A.similar.image.is.cast.by.Kirsch,.Braun,.Yamamoto,. —.putting.our.nation.at.great.risk..They.offer.hope,. and.Sum.in.America’s Perfect Storm: Three Forces however,.that.if.we.act.now.and.invest.in.policies.that. Changing our Nation’s Future..The.authors.offer.the. will.help.our.nation.grow.together,.we.can.meet.our. image.of.our.nation.as.a.nautical.convoy..Some.boats. ideals.as.a.nation.offering.real.opportunity.for.all.its. are.large,.well.built,.and.able.to.ride.out.the.heaviest. citizens.and.continue.our.leading.role.in.the.world. of.turbulent.seas..Others.are.smaller,.but.still.quite. sturdy,.and.able.to.survive..But,.many.are.fragile,.mea- gerly.equipped,.and.easily.capsized.in.rough.waters.. Michael.T..Nettles. This.convoy.is.in.the.midst.of.a.perfect.storm.that.is. Senior.Vice.President. the.result.of.a.confluence.of.three.powerful.forces. Policy.Evaluation.and.Research.Center. Acknowledgments The.authors.wish.to.acknowledge.the.following.reviewers:. the.American.Federation.of.Teachers..Amanda.McBride. Paul.Barton,.Richard.Coley,.and.Drew.Gitomer.of.ETS;. was.the.editor.and.Christina.Guzikowsky.designed.the. Johan.Uvin.of.the.Rhode.Island.Department.of.Educa- cover.and.provided.desktop.publishing.services..Errors. tion;.and.Bella.Rosenberg,.former.Director.of.Research.at. of.fact.or.interpretation.are.those.of.the.authors. 2 Executive Summary Our.nation.is.in.the.midst.of.a.perfect.storm.—.the. in.an.increasingly.competitive.work.environment.. result.of.the.confluence.of.three.powerful.forces.—.that. These.skills.are.also.needed.to.function.effectively. is.having.a.considerable.impact.on.our.country..If.we. in.our.complex.society,.with.its.large.bureaucratic. maintain.our.present.policies,.it.is.very.likely.that.we. institutions.and.its.complex.legal,.health.care,.and. will.continue.to.grow.apart,.with.greater.inequity.in. retirement.systems.. wages.and.wealth,.and.increasing.social.and.political. •. More.importantly,.these.skills.are.not.evenly.. polarization..If,.however,.we.recognize.the.power.of. distributed.across.groups.defined.by.race/ethnicity,. these.forces.as.they.interact.over.the.years.—.and.we. country.of.birth,.and.socioeconomic.status..In.fact,. change.course.accordingly.—.then.we.have.an.oppor- there.are.substantial.differences.in.average.profi- tunity.to.reclaim.the.American.dream.in.which.each.of. ciencies.among.these.groups.that.influence.their. us.has.a.fair.chance.at.sharing.in.any.future.prosperity.. social,.educational,.and.economic.opportunities.. What.are.the.three.forces.comprising.this.perfect. •. International.surveys.of.student.and.adult.. storm?.They.are.divergent.skill.distributions,.the. populations.indicate.that.while.our.average.. changing.economy,.and.demographic.trends. performance.is.no.better.than.mediocre,.our.degree. The.first.force.contributing.to.our.country’s.perfect. of.inequality.(the.gap.between.our.best.and.least. storm.is.the.wide.disparity.in.literacy.and.numeracy. proficient).is.among.the.highest.in.OECD.countries.. skills.among.our.school-age.and.adult.populations.. The.second.force.comprises.the.seismic.changes. •. High.school.graduation.rates.peaked.at.77.percent. in.our.economy.that.have.resulted.in.new.sources.of. in.1969,.fell.back.to.70.percent.in.1995,.and.have. wealth,.novel.patterns.of.international.trade,.and.a. stayed.in.this.range.into.the.current.decade..The. shift.in.the.balance.between.capital.and.labor..These. graduation.rate.for.disadvantaged.minorities.is. changes.have.been.driven.by.both.technological.in- thought.to.be.closer.to.50.percent..A.recent.report. novation.and.globalization,.resulting.in.a.profound. by.the.Organisation.for.Economic.Co-operation. restructuring.of.the.U.S..workplace..Indeed,.the.labor. and.Development.(OECD).indicates.that.the.United. markets.of.today.are.markedly.different.from.those.of. States.ranked.16th.out.of.21.OECD.countries.with. earlier.decades..For.example: respect.to.high.school.graduation.rates.1 •. In.1950,.manufacturing’s.share.of.total.employment. •. Data.from.the.National.Assessment.of.Educational. in.the.United.States.was.33.1.percent..By.1989,.it.was. Progress.(NAEP).reveal.that.between.1984.and. down.to.18.2.percent.and,.by.2003,.it.was.10.7.percent. 2004.reading.scores.among.13-.and.17-year-olds. •. Between.1984.and.2000.the.number.of.employed. remained.flat,.and.the.achievement.gaps.were.large. persons.16.years.of.age.and.older.grew.by.29.. and.relatively.stable..For.mathematics.the.story.is. percent,.or.some.30.million..At.the.same.time,. only.slightly.different..While.the.mean.scores.for. employment.in.jobs.associated.with.college-level. both.the.nation’s.13-.and.17-year-olds.improved. education.grew.by.some.20.million,.accounting.for. slightly,.they.did.so.across.all.groups,.with.the.result. two-thirds.of.the.job.growth. that.the.average.size.of.the.Black-White.and.His- panic-White.achievement.gaps.remained.large.and. •. The.country’s.employment.growth.is.expected.to. relatively.stable.. continue.through.the.rest.of.this.decade.and.into. the.next,.with.college.labor.market.clusters.. •. National.surveys.of.our.adult.population.indicate. (professional,.management,.technical,.and.high- that.large.numbers.of.our.nation’s.adults,.16.years. level.sales).expected.to.generate.about.46.percent.. of.age.and.older,.do.not.demonstrate.sufficient.liter- of.all.job.growth.between.2004.and.2014. acy.and.numeracy.skills.needed.to.fully.participate. 1..A.number.of.alternative.methodologies.have.been.developed.by.educational.researchers.to.estimate.high.school.graduation.rates..For.a. discussion.and.review.of.various.approaches.see.Gary.Orfield.(ed.),.Dropouts in America: Confronting the Graduation Rate Crisis,.. Cambridge,.MA,.Harvard.Education.Press,.2004. 3 One.important.consequence.of.this.shift.in.the.com- •. In.2004,.nearly.57.percent.of.the.16-.to.64-year-old. position.of.jobs.in.our.country.has.been.the.increasing. Hispanic.population.in.the.United.States.was.for- economic.returns.to.schooling.and.skills..For.example: eign-born,.up.from.46.percent.in.1990..More.than. half.of.these.immigrant.Hispanics.lacked.a.high. •. The.expected.lifetime.earnings.of.males.with.a.bach- school.diploma. elor’s.degree.in.1979.were.51.percent.higher.than. their.peers.with.only.a.high.school.diploma..By.2004,. •. The.lack.of.a.high.school.diploma.by.such.a.large. however,.this.difference.had.widened.to.96.percent. proportion.of.Hispanic.immigrants.is.of.concern. given.the.fact.that.almost.80.percent.of.immigrants. •. The.earnings.premiums.accruing.to.a.particular. who.have.not.earned.a.high.school.diploma.report. level.of.educational.attainment.(e.g.,.high.school.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The 17-Year Cycle & Energy II
    © ITTC - INSIIDE Track Report The 17-Year Cycle & Energy II May 2008 “...Let us run with patience the race that is set before us.” Hebrews 12:1 by Eric S. Hadik The 17-Year Cycle & Energy II An INSIIDE Track Report “When you hear May 2008 - The last week has 17-Year Cycle & Energy II of wars and revolu- seen major reinforcements of the tions, do not be fright- 17-Year Cycle. On May 1st, a INSIIDE Track Report ened. These things major volcanic eruption in Chile must happen first, occurred, reinforcing the escalating C ONTENTS ...‘Nation will rise earth-disturbance cycles projected against nation, and Atmospheric Energy........................1 kingdom against king- for 2008. More recently, a 6.8 dom. magnitude earthquake rocked Jan- The Perfect Storm............................1 pan, just 100 miles from Tokyo. As There will be great stated in the May 7th Alert: Culmination of ‘Energy’ II.................6 earthquakes, famines & pestilences in vari- “Though these events are sig- ous places and fearful nificant, they are not of the magni- events and great signs tude that would make me believe from heaven. they have fulfilled the potential for ...There will be signs in the sun, moon and stars. On the earth, major earth disturbances in this nations will be in anguish and perplexity at the roaring and tossing of period.” the sea. Men will faint from terror, apprehensive of what is coming on the world for the heavenly bodies will be shaken.” So, more is expected. Luke 21: 9-11, 20, 25-26 Atmospheric Energy (New Int’l Vers.
    [Show full text]
  • Quincy Report
    2019 GREATEST FLOOD RISK: HISTORICAL FLOOD EVENTS SEVERE WINTER • 9/1938 “The Great New England Hurricane” 10-17 inches of rain and 20-foot storm surge WEATHER COASTAL EROSION • 2/1978 “Blizzard of ’78” 30 inch snowfall, 30-foot waves off shore 24 RL claims COASTAL AND INLAND FLOODING • 10/1991 “Perfect Storm” 25 foot waves coincided with high tide 69 RL claims NOR’ EASTERS • 4/2010 “Nor’easter” 7 inches rain, coastal flooding and high tide. 52 RL claims • 1/2018 Nor’easter “Greyson” Peak winds coinciding with high tide broke Boston Harbor 1978 high tide record. • 3/2018- Nor’easters “Riley & Skylar” Blizzard, high wind and storm surge. FEMA DR-4372/ 4379 2) Identify Risk from “All Hazards” TOP NATURAL HAZARD RISKS FOR QUINCY image sample Coastal Flooding Flood Inland Flooding Storms and Tides Related Culvert Failures Storm Surge Sea Level Rise Climate Severe Snow and Blizzards Change Winter Extreme Precipitation Ice Storms Hurricanes Coastal Climatic Nor’easters Related Erosion & Shoreline Change Tropical Storm Tsunami Urban Fire Fire Earthquake Geologic Wildfire Landslides High Wind Severe Extreme Temperature (Heat and Cold Tornado Weather Drought Thunderstorm AREAS OF FLOODING CONCERNS FEMA REPETITIVE LOSS CLAIMS RL HOUGHS NECK GERMANTOWN RL FURNACE BROOK Identify extent & magnitude of flooding from tides, storm surge, and sea level rise… CLIMATE CHANGE FLOODING IMPACTS • Recommended approach for sea level rise estimates for projecting future coastal flooding risk in Quincy MA Sea Level Rise Time Period Projection² Likely Range³ (Feet)
    [Show full text]
  • Section 4: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessments February 2016 Section 4: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessments
    Section 4: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessments February 2016 Section 4: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessments 2016 Plan Update changes: This section combines Sections 6 and 7 into one section. Where possible, the content has been updated to reflect the best data available. 4.1 Introduction During the 2016 Plan update many parts of the original County HMP were preserved. Where applicable, portions of the historical hazard data have been retained. This section addresses the specific requirements of the Interim Final Rule (IFR) and FEMA checklist requirements (Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool, October, 2011) with regard to hazards in the planning area. As required by federal planning guidelines, one of the key elements of the 2016 HMP update was to describe the events and effects of natural hazards on the County since the original version of the Plan was developed and adopted in 2010. In addition detailed risk assessments were completed for all hazards ranked high (hazards of concern) or medium by the 2016 Hazard Mitigation Planning Steering Committee (HMPSC). The term “planning area” is used frequently in this section. This term refers to the jurisdictional limits of Middlesex County. The Risk Assessment section addresses the potential future damages from hazards on Middlesex County and its citizens. 4.1.1 Summary Description of the County’s Vulnerability to Hazards The DMA 2000 legislation and related FEMA planning guidance require mitigation plans to include discussion of community vulnerability to natural hazards. Vulnerability is generally defined as the damage (including direct damages and loss of function) that would occur when various levels of hazards impact a structure, operation or population.
    [Show full text]
  • MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO Diploma Thesis
    MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION Diploma thesis Brno 2018 Supervisor: Author: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Bc. Lukáš Opavský MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE Presentation Sentences in Wikipedia: FSP Analysis Diploma thesis Brno 2018 Supervisor: Author: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Bc. Lukáš Opavský Declaration I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. I agree with the placing of this thesis in the library of the Faculty of Education at the Masaryk University and with the access for academic purposes. Brno, 30th March 2018 …………………………………………. Bc. Lukáš Opavský Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. for his kind help and constant guidance throughout my work. Bc. Lukáš Opavský OPAVSKÝ, Lukáš. Presentation Sentences in Wikipedia: FSP Analysis; Diploma Thesis. Brno: Masaryk University, Faculty of Education, English Language and Literature Department, 2018. XX p. Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Annotation The purpose of this thesis is an analysis of a corpus comprising of opening sentences of articles collected from the online encyclopaedia Wikipedia. Four different quality categories from Wikipedia were chosen, from the total amount of eight, to ensure gathering of a representative sample, for each category there are fifty sentences, the total amount of the sentences altogether is, therefore, two hundred. The sentences will be analysed according to the Firabsian theory of functional sentence perspective in order to discriminate differences both between the quality categories and also within the categories.
    [Show full text]
  • Hazard Mitigation Plan
    Source: Wikimedia Town of Savoy, MA HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN April 2021 Prepared by: westonandsampson.com SAVOY, MA Hazard Mitigation Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................1-1 1.1 What is a Hazard Mitigation Plan?............................................................................1-1 1.2 Hazard Mitigation Planning in Savoy ........................................................................1-2 1.3 Planning Process Summary .....................................................................................1-3 1.3.1 Core Team ...........................................................................................................1-3 1.3.2 Stakeholder Involvement ......................................................................................1-5 1.3.3 Plan Layout ..........................................................................................................1-5 1.4 Planning Timeline.....................................................................................................1-5 2.0 HAZARD MITIGATION GOALS ...................................................................................2-6 3.0 COMMUNITY PROFILE, LAND USE, AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS.......................3-1 3.1 Community Profile ....................................................................................................3-1 3.2 Land Use..................................................................................................................3-4
    [Show full text]
  • TOWN of NANTUCKET Community Resilience Building Workshop Summary of Findings FINAL REPORT April 2019
    TOWN OF NANTUCKET Community Resilience Building Workshop Summary of Findings FINAL REPORT April 2019 Prepared by Milone & MacBroom, Inc. For the Town of Nantucket, MA With a grant from the MA Executive Office of Energy & Environmental Affairs Cover Photos: Workshop Photos: Nantucket Coastal Conservancy Nantucket Waterfront: Jim Powers / The Inquirer and Mirror Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................................... iii Tables ............................................................................................................................................................................. iv Appendices .................................................................................................................................................................. iv Overview ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Community Resilience Building Workshop ...................................................................................................... 1 Hazards ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Recent Hazard Events ..............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane Andrew, the Costliest Tropical Cyclone Ever at the Time, Struck Florida
    1992 Nor'easter of 1992 - December 1992. Slow-moving storm batters northeast U.S. coast, New England hardest hit; $1.0-$2.0 (1.3-2.6) billion damage/costs; 19 deaths. 1992-Hurricane Iniki - September 1992. Category 4 hurricane hits HI island of Kauai; about $1.8 (2.4) billion damage/costs; 7 deaths. Hurricane Iniki was the most powerful hurricane to strike the U.S. state of Hawaii in recorded history. Forming on September 5, 1992, during the strong 1990–95 El Niño, Iniki was one of eleven Central Pacific tropical cyclones during that season. Total fatalities: 6 Highest wind speed: 140 mph Date: September 5, 1992 – September 13, 1992 Category: Category 4 Hurricane (SSHWS) Damage: $3.1 billion (1992 USD) Hurricane Iniki (/iːˈniːkiː/ ee-NEE-kee; Hawaiian: ʻiniki meaning "strong and piercing wind") was the most powerful hurricane to strike the U.S. state of Hawaii in recorded history.[1] Forming on September 5, 1992, during the strong 1990–95 El Niño, Iniki was one of eleven Central Pacific tropical cyclones during that season. It attained tropical storm status on September 8 and further intensified into a hurricane the next day. After turning north, Iniki struck the island of Kauaʻi on September 11 at peak intensity; it had winds of 145 miles per hour (233 km/h) and reached Category 4 on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale. It had recorded wind gusts of 225 as evidenced by an anemometer that was found blown into the forest during clean up. It was the first hurricane to hit the state since Hurricane Iwa in the 1982 season, and the first major hurricane since Hurricane Dot in 1959.
    [Show full text]
  • Sediment Dynamics and Hydrographic Conditions During Storm Passage, Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts
    Marine Geology 381 (2016) 67–86 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/margo Sediment dynamics and hydrographic conditions during storm passage, Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts Christopher V. Maio a,⁎, Jeffrey P. Donnelly b, Richard Sullivan b, Stephanie M. Madsen b, Christopher R. Weidman c, Allen M. Gontz d, Vitalii A. Sheremet e a University of Alaska Fairbanks, Department of Geosciences, PO Box 755780, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA b Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Coastal Systems Group, 266 Woods Hole Road, Mail Stop #22, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA c Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, 149 Waquoit Highway, Waquoit, MA 02536, USA d University of Massachusetts-Boston, School for the Environment, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, USA e University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States article info abstract Article history: The impact of storm events on the sediment dynamics of the shallow groundwater fed estuaries of Cape Cod, Mas- Received 16 November 2015 sachusetts, USA is little understood. To address this, the objectivesofthisstudyaretoassess sediment dynamics dur- Received in revised form 28 June 2016 ing storm passage and determine whether shallow back-barrier lagoons like Waquoit Bay have the preservation Accepted 29 July 2016 potential for a sedimentary archive of hurricanes. When setting out in this study, it was unclear whether Available online 31 July 2016 paleotempestological methods could be applied successfully to cores collected from the landward reaches of shallow estuaries of southern New England. Water level and bottom current data using Arm-and-Float tide gauges and Keywords: Sediment dynamics SeaHorse Tilt Current Meters was collected during Tropical Storm Irene (2011) and coupled with storm surge Storm surge modeling projections to better elucidate storm-induced sediment transport mechanisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Weather and Climate Extremes in a Changing Climate Regions of Focus: North America, Hawaii, Caribbean, and U.S. Pacific Islands
    Weather and Climate Extremes in a Changing Climate Regions of Focus: North America, Hawaii, Caribbean, and U.S. Pacific Islands U.S. Climate Change Science Program Synthesis and Assessment Product 3.3 June 2008 FEDERAL EXECUTIVE TEAM Acting Director, Climate Change Science Program: ...............................William J. Brennan Director, Climate Change Science Program Office: ................................Peter A. Schultz Lead Agency Principal Representative to CCSP; Deputy Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: ...............................Mary M. Glackin Product Lead, Director, National Climatic Data Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: ...............................Thomas R. Karl Synthesis and Assessment Product Advisory Group Chair; Associate Director, EPA National Center for Environmental Assessment: ....................................................Michael W. Slimak Synthesis and Assessment Product Coordinator, Climate Change Science Program Office: ...............................................Fabien J.G. Laurier Special Advisor, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration .............................................................Chad A. McNutt EDITORIAL AND PRODUCTION TEAM Co-Chairs............................................................................................................ Thomas R. Karl, NOAA Gerald A. Meehl, NCAR Federal Advisory Committee Designated Federal Official....................... Christopher D. Miller,
    [Show full text]
  • Long Island and Patchogue Vertical File Subject Heading Index
    Long Island and Patchogue Vertical File Subject Heading Index Celia M. Hastings Local History Room Patchogue-Medford Library, Patchogue, New York Return to Celia M. Hastings Local History Room home page The Vertical Files contain primary and secondary sources regarding the history of Long Island, New York with emphasis on Suffolk County, the Town of Brookhaven, the Village of Patchogue and Medford Hamlet. “CTRL F” CAN BE USED TO SEARCH THIS INDEX Most persons are listed alphabetically by surname (e.g., Chase, William Merritt). Some vertical files have as few as a single item, others are more extensive, containing more than fifty items. Contact us with questions at https://history.pmlib.org/contact or call 631-654-4700 ext. 152 or 240 to make an appointment with a Local History Librarian. 1 SUBJECT HEADING INDEX Agriculture* General Cooperative Extension Service Cauliflower Cranberries Dairy Farms Ducks Eastern Farm Workers Association Experimental Farms Farmers & Farm Families Farmingdale State College (State Institute of Applied Agriculture) Farmland Preservation Act Farms Fruit History Horse Farms Horticulture Implements & Machines Livestock Long Island Farm Bureau Migrant Workers Nurseries Organic Farms Pickles Potatoes Poultry Sod Farms Statistics Suffolk County Fair Suffolk County Farm & Educational Center Vegetables Vineyards & Wineries Airports* (Aeronautics, Aviation) General Aviation Industry E-2C Hawkeye (1995 last military plane built on Long Island) Fairchild Republic Firsts: Dirigible R-34 two-way Transatlantic Aircraft Flight (Royal Naval Air 1919 Mineola), First Sustained Airplane Flight (Glenn Curtiss 1909 Mineola), Instrument Only Airplane Flight (James Doolittle 1929 Mitchel Field), Transatlantic Airplane Flight (Pan American World Airways 1939 Port Washington to France) Grumman Corporation Long Island Airways Pan American World Airways (Port Washington) 2 Aviators Curtiss, Glenn Doolittle, Lt.
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal Flooding and Erosion Result from Storm Surge on Top of the Astronomical Tide and Wave Action on Top of the Storm Tide
    RESPONDING TO A RISING TIDE NWS Resources for Coastal Storm Response Bob Thompson, National Weather Service Taunton, MA COASTAL STORMS • Coastal storm impact basics – Water level and waves • Two types of coastal storms – Tropical Cyclones (e.g. hurricanes) – Extratropical Cyclones (e.g. nor’easters) The Basics • Astronomical tide amplitude (Spring Tide?) • Wind fetch (distance over water) • Duration of winds headed toward shore • Angle of wave train to shoreline • Storm motion (approaching on great circle route?) • If tropical cyclone, consider: – Intensity Category – Size – Radius of max winds ASTRONOMICAL TIDES • Spring Tide – During full and new moons – Moon and sun gravitational forces in alignment • Neap Tide – Quarter moon phases – Moon and sun gravitational forces offsetting Hurricanes and Nor’easters both impact coastline with storm surge and waves Wave action produces additional elevation! Surge Coastal flooding and erosion result from storm surge on top of the astronomical tide and wave action on top of the storm tide. Timing of the maximum storm surge is an important issue for those locations (e.g. New England) that have large tidal ranges. Storm Tide (Total Still Water Level) = Astronomical Tide + Storm Surge Waves contribute the following: - Add to water level behind barrier beach via overwash (from wave runup) - Cause damage to structures (sea walls, docks, homes, etc.) via wave battery - Scour and transport beach sand via erosion MORE TERMINOLOGY Overwash Splashover Rule of thumb: Along exposed coast, overwash and splashover can become important when waves about 10 miles offshore reach 20 feet or more TIMING MATTERS! JANUARY 27, 2015 COASTAL FLOODING January 27, 2015 morning Scituate, MA – courtesy Dave Laroche January 27, 2015 High Tide at Boston Max Storm Tide = 13.65 feet MLLW (approx.
    [Show full text]
  • Superstorm Sandy Restoration Report
    Restoration Report | October 2012 SuperstormSuperStorm |Sandy Restoration | Restoration Report Report Restoration Report | October 2012 Table of Contents Avengers Assemble..................................6 The Dark Night....................................... 10 Iron Men.................................................. 14 ‘Amazing’ Communications.....................16 SuperstormSuperStorm |Sandy Restoration | Restoration Report Report It was on Monday, October 22, a full week before the first winds were felt, when the first troubling emails began circulating at Unitil about a gathering storm in the Caribbean. Most far-flung tropical systems don’t amount to much in New England, but each instance is monitored closely and regarded as a possible threat to the day-to-day order and comfort of Unitil’s customers. On this particular Monday, what caught the eye of Unitil’s weather watchers was one bizarre model solution to the 10-day forecast. The model suggested that there was the potential for an as-yet unformed tropical cyclone to manifest, track northward, and then merge with an oncoming cold front thousands of miles away. At the time, some forecasters shrugged the model off as too extreme. Such a storm would be devastating to the northeast, they said. So devastating, it likely would never occur. Unitil took notice. As the week pressed on, the forecasted odds for a repeat of the 1991 “Perfect Storm,” continued to increase. By Wednesday, the super storm that had a five percent chance of survival had grown to about a 60 percent likelihood. Its timing, a year to the day of the “Snowtober” nor’easter that had dumped a foot of snow on the region, an ill omen. Unitil had been ready for that storm, restoring power to 76,000 of its customers within 72 hours.
    [Show full text]