Einleitung Von Marcus Stiglegger (PDF Format

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Einleitung Von Marcus Stiglegger (PDF Format 1 Die Schönheit der Perfektion Die Schönheit der Perfektion Eine Würdigung des Filmemachers John Badham Von Marcus Stiglegger Bewegung – Prozess – Überwachung voller Epilog zum New Yorker Zweig des 1977 war John Badhams Großstadtmelo- New Hollywood, irgendwo zwischen Mar- dram saturday night fever (Nur Sams- tin Scorseses urbaner Apokalyptik und tag Nacht) der Film der Stunde. Wie kein Woody Allens Stadtneurotikern. anderer fing er den Zeitgeist und die Stimmung einer Ju- gend ein, die in der Trist- esse des Alltags eine eigene Welt erschaffen hatte: eine Welt der ewigen Nacht und neonglitzernder Partys, die der Protagonist mit eleganten Schritten durchtanzte. Bald stand der Film nicht nur sy- nonym für eine Ära, er wur- de auch parodiert, plagiiert und schließlich zur (auch iro- SATURDAY NIGHT FEVER – Wille zur Perfektion nisch) eingesetzten Ikone. Be- trachtet man saturday night fever aus In saturday night fever löste ein heutiger Perspektive, fällt auf, dass es sich unermüdlicher Protagonist seine Alltags- um einen anderen Film handelt, als ihn die sorgen in energetischen Choreographien populäre Kultur interpretiert hat. Badham auf, ein Interesse, das Badham in den fol- hat ein melancholisches Großstadtdra- genden Jahren beibehalten sollte, wenn ma über eine Zeit geschaffen, in der New auch mit einer anderen Ausrichtung: In York noch eine harte und dreckige Stadt dem futuristischen Thriller blue thun- war, in der Lebenswille und Todessehn- der (Das fliegende Auge; 1983) existiert sucht koexistierten. Seine Liebesgeschichte eine Szene, in der sich zwei Polizisten im war von Beginn an aufgrund unüberwind- Helikopter eine Auszeit gönnen, während barer Milieukonflikte zum Scheitern ver- sie eine junge Frau beim Nackt-Yoga be- urteilt. Im Gegensatz zu den Tanzfilmen, obachten. Bereits in diesem ebenso sinnli- die folgen sollten, besitzt saturday night chen wie amüsanten Moment kulminiert fever nichts von einem leichten Musical, ein weiterer Urmoment Badhams: die nichts von buntem Eskapismus. Was Bad- Schamlosigkeit der grenzenlosen Über- ham zeigt, ist der Wille zur Perfektion in wachung, der amerikanische Wahn der einer parallelen Welt, was er zeigt, sind Beobachtung, der jede Intimität zerstört sehnsuchtsvolle und begehrliche Blicke, und eine Welt der Verunsicherung und die an den Grenzen der Milieus abprallen; Paranoia zurücklässt. Sein Buddy-Mo- eine Großstadtwelt am Rande einer ewigen vie stakeout (Die Nacht hat viele Au- Nacht. saturday night fever ist heute gen; 1987) wird eine solche Szene zum nicht nur ein anderer Film, er ist gewachsen Ausgangspunkt nehmen und dann konse- und erscheint mehr denn je als eindrucks- quent ad absurdum führen. Die Schönheit der Perfektion 2 sich selbst hinauszuwachsen. Diese Pro- zesse von Lernen, Aneignung und Per- fektionierung interessieren Badham. Waren die Grenzen des Milieus bereits in saturday night fever thematisiert worden, kulminieren diese Konflikte in der Michael Kohlhaas-Adaption the jack bull (1999) für hbo im generi- schen Gewand eines Rachewestern. Hier geht es um die Auseinanderset- zung zwischen dem jungen Pferdezüch- STAKEOUT – Überwachung ter Myrl Redding (John Cusack), der beim Übertritt der Landesgrenze von Jahre später erregte Badham mit der In- seinem reichen Nachbarn Ballard (L.Q. Jones) szenierung eines Remakes von Luc Bessons erpresst wird, seine besten Pferde und seinen la femme nikita (Nikita; 1990) Aufsehen, indianischen Helfer Billy als Pfand zurückzu- indem er die Handlung in die USA verlegte. lassen. Als er zurückkommt, sind die Pferde ge- Nah am Original und doch atmosphärisch quält und geschunden und Billy misshandelt. und im Lokalkolorit völlig eigenständig, zeigt Der Ruf nach Gerechtigkeit wird nicht erhört, er in point of no return (Codename: Nina; denn Ballard zieht die Fäden der lokalen Poli- 1993) die Entwicklung einer zum Tode ver- tik. Erst als Redding das Gesetz des Grenzlan- urteilten drogenabhängigen Polizistenmörde- des selbst ausruft und Ballard mit Gewalt ver- rin zur erwachsenen, aber ebenso tödlichen folgt, wird ein aufrechter Anwalt (John Good- Auftragskillerin im Dienst der Regierung. man) auf ihn aufmerksam und zieht gegen die Zum Ende ihrer Ausbildung wird sie (Brid- Ungerechtigkeit des Systems vor Gericht – ohne get Fonda) von ihrem Ausbilder (Gabriel By- jedoch Reddings Verurteilung verhindern zu rne) zum Essen ausgeführt, doch statt eines können. Mit diesem kinotauglichen Fernseh- romantischen Abends zu zweit bekommt die spiel brachte Badham seine stärksten Themen neu ausgebildete Killerin eine Automatikwaf- zusammen – von der Auslieferung des Indivi- fe überreicht, mit der sie umgehend ihren ers- duums an ein undurchschaubares System bis ten Mord begehen soll. Kaltblütig entfesselt zur dynamischen Revolte eines seine Möglich- sie ein Massaker, an dessen Ende ein blockier- keiten auslotenden Unterdrückten – und erin- ter Fluchtweg steht. Badham entwickelt diese nerte auch zwei Jahrzehnte später noch einmal Handlung an eher selten präsenten Schauplät- daran, dass das Hollywoodkino immer schon zen in Washington und New Orleans, gleitet etwas war, was es langsam zu vergessen droh- vom Obdachlosenmilieu mühelos in die Chef- te: ein Bollwerk antitotalitärer Kritik. Und so etagen des Geheimdienstes – und schafft auch war auch the jack bull nicht weniger als visuelle Verknüpfungen der scheinbar unver- ›a John Badham Movie‹. einbaren Welten. Dabei bleiben seine Protago- nisten Marionetten eines undurchschaubaren Systems, kontrolliert und überwacht, erpresst und doch ruhig gehalten in einer Atmosphäre ständiger Gewaltbereitschaft. Immer wieder gelangen die Protagonistin- nen und Protagonisten in Badhams Filmen in Grenzsituationen, die sie an den Rand des Er- träglichen bringen, um sie zu motivieren, über THE JACK BULL – Kampf um Gerechtigkeit 3 Die Schönheit der Perfektion A John Badham Movie boren wurde:2 als Sohn der Schauspielerin Beachtet man die Abspänne von John Bad- Mary Hewitt und eines amerikanischen Ge- hams Filmen, dann enden sie meist mit ei- nerals, der nach einigen Jahren mit seiner Fa- ner signifikanten Wendung: ›A John Bad- milie nach Alabama zurück versetzt wurde. ham Movie‹ steht da geschrieben. Gerade Nicht nur Badhams Mutter, sondern auch im Produzentensystem Hollywoods ist eine seine Schwester Mary schaffte früh einen solch explizite Signatur seitens des Regis- Einstieg ins Filmgeschäft: 1962 erhielt sie im seurs eher ungewöhnlich. Sie erinnert in Alter von zehn Jahren eine Academy Award ihrer rigiden Verdichtung an jene tatsäch- Nominierung für ihre Rolle in to kill a mo- lich handgeschriebene Einblendung ›A Sie- ckinbird (Wer die Nachtigall stört; R: Ro- gel Film‹ in einigen Werken des Mavericks bert Mulligan). Badham selbst studierte zu- Don Siegel. Doch gemessen an den ideal- nächst Philosophie in Yale, wo er auch den typischen Forderungen einer ›politique des Master der Yale School of Drama erwarb. auteurs‹, wie sie den Kreisen der Cahiers du Motiviert durch den Erfolg seiner Schwes- cinéma in den 1950er Jahren entstammten ter zog es ihn ebenfalls nach Los Angeles, und 1962 von Andrew Sarris im englischen wo er in der Poststelle der Universal Studios Sprachraum popularisiert wurden,1 ist Bad- eine Tätigkeit aufnahm. Über die Jahre ge- ham ein Filmemacher von geradezu frap- lang es ihm, sich in den Bereichen Casting, pierender Wandelbarkeit. Angesichts seiner Trailerschnitt, Montage und durch die Re- Arbeit in völlig unterschiedlichen Genres, gie von Fernsehepisoden emporzuarbeiten – mit unterschiedlichen Teams und für wech- eine beispielhafte amerikanische Erfolgsge- selnde Studios lässt sich eine gemeinsame schichte, die zugleich prototypisch für den Handschrift und eine übergreifende Welt- Professionalismus des Classical Hollywood sicht und Thematik schwer bestimmen. der 1930er bis 1960er Jahre stehen mag, Doch so einfach ist es nicht, denn Badhams denn so gelang zahlreichen Filmemachern Ambitionen liegen weniger in seiner artis- der Aufstieg: William Friedkin, Sam Peckin- tischen Egozentrik, als vielmehr in einer pah, John Frankenheimer u.a. Anders als die konsequenten ›Hollywood-Professionali- movie brats um den Exploitation-Produzen- tät‹, die von Beginn an das Fundament sei- ten Roger Corman, von Francis Ford Cop- ner auf den zweiten Blick dann doch oft zu- pola bis Joe Dante, war John Badham von tiefst persönlichen Inszenierungen bilden. Beginn an im Herz der Industrie präsent und lernte das große post-klassi- sche Studiosystem von innen kennen. Das mag auch erklä- ren, warum er bereits seine ers- ten Filme nahezu im Blockbus- ter-Kontext inszenierte, selbst wenn seine Filme nach Studio- maßstäben eher als mittlere Produktionen galten. Was John Badhams Œuvre für eine autorentheoretische Analyse eher problematisch John Badham weist den Weg erscheinen lässt, ist zugleich eine Qualität, die ihm früh John Badham stammt aus einem amerikani- höchstes Lob seitens der Hollywood-affinen schen Haushalt in England, wo er auch ge- Kritik einbrachte: Seine thematische und Die Schönheit der Perfektion 4 stilistische Variabilität, sei- ne frühe Fähigkeit, mit Star- besetzungen umzugehen und den Erwartungen des Hol- lywoodsystems formal umfas- send zu entsprechen. Er blieb stets am Puls der Zeit, indem er die Sehnsüchte und Ängs- te des zeitgenössischen Pub- likums erahnte und in noch heute frappierender Form ver- dichtete: in saturday night fever, in blue thunder und SATURDAY NIGHT FEVER – Urbane Verletzlichkeit in wargames (Kriegsspiele; 1983), Filmen, die eine ganze Kinogenera- saturday night fever sicherte nicht
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