DOCSLIB.ORG

Evolution and the Origin of Life Table of Contents

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Evolution Wayne's Word Index Noteworthy Plants Trivia Lemnaceae Biology 101 Botany Scenic Wildflowers Trains Spiders & Insects Search Evolution and the Origin of Life Evolution Crossword Puzzle Controversies That Have Divided America © W.P. Armstrong 16 September 2014 ← Click The PDF Icon To Read This Article In Acrobat Reader Close PDF Page Before Navigating Through HTML Pages Click Here To Download Latest Acrobat Reader Table of Contents 1. Introduction: Evolution Defined 25. Origin Of Eyes In Distantly Related Animals 2. Is Evolution A Theory Or A Fact? 26. Punctuated Equilibrium & Nat. Selection 3. Scientific Theory vs. Common Theory 27. Symbiogenesis: Genomic Mergers 4. Scientific Theory & Scientific Law 28. Coevolution Of Fig & Fig Wasp 5. Evidence For Genetic Variability 29. Vicarious Selection In Dioecious Figs 6. The Origin Of Asexual Species 30. Coevolution Between Acacia & Acacia Ant 7. Evolution & Gene Duplication 31. Hybridization Between Harvester Ants Spp. 8. Telomeres & End Replication Problem 32. Invasive Argentine Ants In S. California 9. Evolution & Irreducible Complexity 33. Leafcutter Ants Of Desert & Tropics 10. Moving Rocks: Theories or Hypotheses? 34. Diversity Of Ant Mandibles (Jaws) 11. K-T Boundary & Demise Of Dinosaurs 35. Natural Selection & Survival Of The Fittest 12. Evolution Based On Fossils & Cladistics 36. Selection in Tardigrades: Over-equipped? 13. Monophyletic Groups (Duckweed Family) 37. Faith & The Existence Of Coconut Pearls 14. Coexistence Of Grasses & Dinosaurs 38. Propositions For The Origin Of Life 15. Photosynthesis: Capturing Sun's Energy 39. Alkaline Vents & The Origin Of Life 16. Origin Of The First Land Plants On Earth 40. DNA Building Blocks In Meteorites 17. Origin Of Flowering Plants: Angiosperms 41. Danger Of Imposing Non-Science Dogma 18. The Remarkable Angiosperm Life Cycle 42. The Origin Of Life By Probability Alone 19. Adaptive Radiation On Hawaiian Islands 43. Did Life Evolve From Common Ancestor? 20. Darwin's View On Ocean Seed Dispersal 44. Origin Of Magnificent Grand Canyon 21. Adaptive Radiation On Galapagos Islands 45. Misrepresentations Of Science 22. Adaptive Radiation In Beetles (Coleoptera) 46. True or False Summary Statements 23. Homoplasy: Parallel & Convergent Evol. 47. Literature Cited In This Report 24. Homoplasy: Carrion Flowers & Flies 48. Evolution Crossword Puzzle (Java) Note: Paragraphs are numbered in small case in order to communicate with reviewers. 1. Introduction 1. One of the problems in understanding evolution is that it may be defined in different ways. According to the Random House Webster's College Dictionary (1999), biological evolution is a change in the genetic makeup of a population from generation to generation. It may also be defined as the development of species or other groups of organisms (genera and families) from earlier forms by natural selection. Microevolution refers to changes at or below the species level, while macroevolution generally refers to large-scale changes over a long period of time resulting in new species. In this article I have attempted to clarify and summarize some of the major concepts and terms used by evolution scientists. Depending on the author, evolution may be referred to as a theory, hypothesis, law, truth, and fact. In fact, these terms are often used interchangeably and sometimes incorrectly, even by prestigious biologists. In my opinion, evolution is a well-established scientific theory supported by facts. For science teachers, I have included an extensive bibliography and a crossword puzzle containing many of the terms defined in this article. 2. The noun evolution is derived from the verb evolve, meaning to gradually change with time. Evolution can be defined in file:///C|/wayne/evolutio.htm[2/13/2015 7:41:26 PM] Evolution several different ways. For example, Wayne's Word has evolved from a humorous, natural history newsletter sent out to friends, to a large on-line, hyperlinked, peer-reviewed textbook of natural history with millions of hits per month. Another definition is organic (biological) evolution that incorporates numerous facts and well-substantiated, tested hypotheses. It is usually associated with natural selection based on the original published work of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. Try The Wayne's Word Evolution Crossword Puzzle 2. Is Evolution a Theory or a Fact? Four Important Definitions Used In The Teaching Of Science: Working Group on Teaching Evolution, National Academy of Sciences (1998) 1. Fact: In science, an observation that has been repeatedly confirmed. 2. Law: A descriptive generalization about how some aspect of the natural world behaves under stated circumstances. Laws can be very useful in supporting hypotheses and theories, but like all elements of science they can be altered with new information and observations. 3. Hypothesis: A testable statement about the natural world that can be used to build more complex inferences and explanations, such as a scientific theory. 4. Theory: In science, a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that can incorporate facts, laws, inferences, and tested hypotheses. It Is Obvious From The Following Quotations Regarding Evolution That The Terms Theory & Fact Are Used In Several Different Ways 3. In November 2004, suburban Atlanta biology textbooks included a warning sticker that said: "This textbook contains material on evolution. Evolution is a theory, not a fact, regarding the origin of living things. This material should be approached with an open mind, studied carefully and critically considered." 4. On November 19, 2004, the Dover School Board of Pennsylvania passed a resolution requiring teachers to read a statement to students in 9th grade science classes endorsing intelligent design as an alternative explanation for the origin of life. "The Pennsylvania Academic Standards require students to learn about Darwin's Theory of Evolution and eventually to take a standardized test of which evolution is a part. Because Darwin's Theory is a theory, it continues to be tested as new evidence is discovered. The Theory is not a fact. Gaps in the Theory exist for which there is no evidence. A theory is defined as a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations. Intelligent Design is an explanation of the origin of life that differs from Darwin's view. The reference book, Of Pandas and People, is available for students who might be interested in gaining an understanding of what Intelligent Design actually involves. With respect to any theory, students are encouraged to keep an open mind. The school leaves the discussion of the Origins of Life to individual students and their families. As a Standards-driven district, class instruction focuses upon preparing students to achieve proficiency on Standards-based assessments." 5. The resolution was challenged a year later in the United States federal courts: Case No. 04cv2688, "Tammy Kitzmiller, et al v Dover Area School District." The plaintiffs successfully argued that intelligent design is a form of creationism, and that the school board policy thus violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. 6. The argument whether evolution is a theory or a fact is an invalid comparison. Evolution is a scientific theory that has explained the factual evidence of scientists for more than a century. All interpretations of facts in science are provisional and subject to challenge. Under a strict definition, a scientific theory should not be called a "fact" even though it explains all known facts and file:///C|/wayne/evolutio.htm[2/13/2015 7:41:26 PM] Evolution has survived the test of time. There is always the possibility that a scientific theory will be updated or changed as new evidence is discovered. The theory of evolution assumes the existence of life and is directed to an explanation of how life evolved. It does not deal with the origin of life, and it does not presuppose the absence of a creator or God. Although the origin of life is often included in debates about evolution, it is a very different topic that does not have all the empirical evidence of biological evolution. Scientific explanations for the origin of life are more properly referred to as hypotheses rather than scientific theories. Intelligent design is a non-scientific argument or assertion that life "owes its origin to a master intellect." Please refer to Origin of Life later in this this discussion. 7. According to E.C. Scott (Evolution vs. Creationism, Univ. of Calif. Press, 2004), most people consider facts more important than hypotheses, theories and laws. In fact, they rank these terms in order of importance as follows: Facts-Laws-Theories- Hypotheses. Scientists rank these terms in the following order from most important to least important: Theories-Laws-Hypotheses- Facts. Our interpretations of facts are certainly not set in stone and are often changed in science. Consider the number of chromosomes in a human somatic cell. In the 1950s the number was determined to be 48. This fact was published in all biology textbooks. With better techniques in staining chromosomes, the number was later revised to 46, 23 from each parent. Disagreement on chromosome numbers still occurs to this day, particularly with plant species containing numerous chromosomes that often overlap each other making accurate counts very difficult. For as long as I can remember, Pluto has been listed as the ninth planet in our solar system. Recent studies of its orbital patterns and other factors indicate that Pluto is not a true planet compared with Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. 8. The following image shows an example of a disputable interpretation of facts: The number of chromosomes in a species of Brodiaea from coastal southern California. The stained microscope slide is my factual evidence for the chromosome number of this species. My original count was 36; however, another botanist prepared his own microscope slides (factual evidence) and came up with 40+ chromosomes.
Recommended publications
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."

    "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."

    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny

    Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny

    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
  • 1 Seeing and Believing the Never-Ending Attempt to Reconcile

    1 Seeing and Believing the Never-Ending Attempt to Reconcile

    1 Seeing and Believing The never-ending attempt to reconcile science and religion, and why it is doomed to fail. Jerry A. Coyne, The New Republic Published: Wednesday, February 04, 2009 Saving Darwin: How to be a Christian and Believe in Evolution By Karl W. Giberson (HarperOne, 248 pp., $24.95) Only A Theory: Evolution and the Battle for America's Soul By Kenneth R. Miller (Viking, 244 pp., $25.95) I. Charles Darwin was born on February 12, 1809--the same day as Abraham Lincoln--and published his magnum opus, On the Origin of Species, fifty years later. Every half century, then, a Darwin Year comes around: an occasion to honor his theory of evolution by natural selection, which is surely the most important concept in biology, and perhaps the most revolutionary scientific idea in history. 2009 is such a year, and we biologists are preparing to fan out across the land, giving talks and attending a multitude of DarwinFests. The melancholy part is that we will be speaking more to other scientists than to the American public. For in this country, Darwin is a man of low repute. The ideas that made Darwin's theory so revolutionary are precisely the ones that repel much of religious America, for they imply that, far from having a divinely scripted role in the drama of life, our species is the accidental and contingent result of a purely natural process. And so the culture wars continue between science and religion. On one side we have a scientific establishment and a court system determined to let children learn evolution rather than religious mythology, and on the other side the many Americans who passionately resist those efforts.
  • Thread-Leaved Brodiaea); Proposed Rule

    Thread-Leaved Brodiaea); Proposed Rule

    Tuesday, December 8, 2009 Part IV Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Proposed Revised Critical Habitat for Brodiaea Filifolia (Thread-Leaved Brodiaea); Proposed Rule VerDate Nov<24>2008 17:06 Dec 07, 2009 Jkt 220001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\08DEP3.SGM 08DEP3 srobinson on DSKHWCL6B1PROD with PROPOSALS3 64930 Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 234 / Tuesday, December 8, 2009 / Proposed Rules DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Federal Information Relay Service excluding areas that exhibit these (FIRS) at (800) 877–8339. impacts. Fish and Wildlife Service SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: (7) Whether lands in any specific subunits being proposed as critical 50 CFR Part 17 Public Comments habitat should be considered for [FWS–R8–ES–2009–0073] We intend that any final action exclusion under section 4(b)(2) of the [92210–1117–0000–B4] resulting from this proposed rule will be Act by the Secretary, and whether the based on the best scientific and benefits of potentially excluding any RIN 1018–AW54 commercial data available and be as particular area outweigh the benefits of accurate and as effective as possible. including that area as critical habitat. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife Therefore, we request comments or and Plants; Proposed Revised Critical (8) The Secretary’s consideration to information from the public, other Habitat for Brodiaea filifolia (thread- exercise his discretion under section concerned government agencies, the leaved brodiaea) 4(b)(2) of the Act to exclude lands scientific community, industry, or other proposed in Subunits 11a, 11b, 11c, AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, interested party concerning this 11d, 11e, 11f, 11g, and 11h that are Interior.
  • Native Trees of Mexico: Diversity, Distribution, Uses and Conservation

    Native Trees of Mexico: Diversity, Distribution, Uses and Conservation

    Native trees of Mexico: diversity, distribution, uses and conservation Oswaldo Tellez1,*, Efisio Mattana2,*, Mauricio Diazgranados2, Nicola Kühn2, Elena Castillo-Lorenzo2, Rafael Lira1, Leobardo Montes-Leyva1, Isela Rodriguez1, Cesar Mateo Flores Ortiz1, Michael Way2, Patricia Dávila1 and Tiziana Ulian2 1 Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Av. De los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala Tlalnepantla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, Mexico 2 Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, RH17 6TN, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Ardingly, West Sussex, United Kingdom * These authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT Background. Mexico is one of the most floristically rich countries in the world. Despite significant contributions made on the understanding of its unique flora, the knowledge on its diversity, geographic distribution and human uses, is still largely fragmented. Unfortunately, deforestation is heavily impacting this country and native tree species are under threat. The loss of trees has a direct impact on vital ecosystem services, affecting the natural capital of Mexico and people's livelihoods. Given the importance of trees in Mexico for many aspects of human well-being, it is critical to have a more complete understanding of their diversity, distribution, traditional uses and conservation status. We aimed to produce the most comprehensive database and catalogue on native trees of Mexico by filling those gaps, to support their in situ and ex situ conservation, promote their sustainable use, and inform reforestation and livelihoods programmes. Methods. A database with all the tree species reported for Mexico was prepared by compiling information from herbaria and reviewing the available floras. Species names were reconciled and various specialised sources were used to extract additional species information, i.e.
  • Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park

    Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park

    Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 9-17-2018 Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park" (2018). Botanical Studies. 85. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/85 This Flora of Northwest California-Checklists of Local Sites is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE REDWOOD NATIONAL & STATE PARKS James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State Univerity Arcata, California 14 September 2018 The Redwood National and State Parks are located in Del Norte and Humboldt counties in coastal northwestern California. The national park was F E R N S established in 1968. In 1994, a cooperative agreement with the California Department of Parks and Recreation added Del Norte Coast, Prairie Creek, Athyriaceae – Lady Fern Family and Jedediah Smith Redwoods state parks to form a single administrative Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosporum • northwestern lady fern unit. Together they comprise about 133,000 acres (540 km2), including 37 miles of coast line. Almost half of the remaining old growth redwood forests Blechnaceae – Deer Fern Family are protected in these four parks.
  • James K. Wetterer

    James K. Wetterer

    James K. Wetterer Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458 Phone: (561) 799-8648; FAX: (561) 799-8602; e-mail: [email protected] EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, Seattle, WA, 9/83 - 8/88 Ph.D., Zoology: Ecology and Evolution; Advisor: Gordon H. Orians. MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, East Lansing, MI, 9/81 - 9/83 M.S., Zoology: Ecology; Advisors: Earl E. Werner and Donald J. Hall. CORNELL UNIVERSITY, Ithaca, NY, 9/76 - 5/79 A.B., Biology: Ecology and Systematics. UNIVERSITÉ DE PARIS III, France, 1/78 - 5/78 Semester abroad: courses in theater, literature, and history of art. WORK EXPERIENCE FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY, Wilkes Honors College 8/04 - present: Professor 7/98 - 7/04: Associate Professor Teaching: Biodiversity, Principles of Ecology, Behavioral Ecology, Human Ecology, Environmental Studies, Tropical Ecology, Field Biology, Life Science, and Scientific Writing 9/03 - 1/04 & 5/04 - 8/04: Fulbright Scholar; Ants of Trinidad and Tobago COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, Department of Earth and Environmental Science 7/96 - 6/98: Assistant Professor Teaching: Community Ecology, Behavioral Ecology, and Tropical Ecology WHEATON COLLEGE, Department of Biology 8/94 - 6/96: Visiting Assistant Professor Teaching: General Ecology and Introductory Biology HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Museum of Comparative Zoology 8/91- 6/94: Post-doctoral Fellow; Behavior, ecology, and evolution of fungus-growing ants Advisors: Edward O. Wilson, Naomi Pierce, and Richard Lewontin 9/95 - 1/96: Teaching: Ethology PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 7/89 - 7/91: Research Associate; Ecology and evolution of leaf-cutting ants Advisor: Stephen Hubbell 1/91 - 5/91: Teaching: Tropical Ecology, Introduction to the Scientific Method VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY, Department of Psychology 9/88 - 7/89: Post-doctoral Fellow; Visual psychophysics of fish and horseshoe crabs Advisor: Maureen K.
  • Intelligent Design Creationism and the Constitution

    Intelligent Design Creationism and the Constitution

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Washington University St. Louis: Open Scholarship Washington University Law Review Volume 83 Issue 1 2005 Is It Science Yet?: Intelligent Design Creationism and the Constitution Matthew J. Brauer Princeton University Barbara Forrest Southeastern Louisiana University Steven G. Gey Florida State University Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, Education Law Commons, First Amendment Commons, Religion Law Commons, and the Science and Technology Law Commons Recommended Citation Matthew J. Brauer, Barbara Forrest, and Steven G. Gey, Is It Science Yet?: Intelligent Design Creationism and the Constitution, 83 WASH. U. L. Q. 1 (2005). Available at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview/vol83/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Law Review by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Washington University Law Quarterly VOLUME 83 NUMBER 1 2005 IS IT SCIENCE YET?: INTELLIGENT DESIGN CREATIONISM AND THE CONSTITUTION MATTHEW J. BRAUER BARBARA FORREST STEVEN G. GEY* TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................
  • James K. Wetterer

    James K. Wetterer

    James K. Wetterer Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458 Phone: (561) 799-8648; FAX: (561) 799-8602; e-mail: [email protected] EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, Seattle, WA, 9/83 - 8/88 Ph.D., Zoology: Ecology and Evolution; Advisor: Gordon H. Orians. MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, East Lansing, MI, 9/81 - 9/83 M.S., Zoology: Ecology; Advisors: Earl E. Werner and Donald J. Hall. CORNELL UNIVERSITY, Ithaca, NY, 9/76 - 5/79 A.B., Biology: Ecology and Systematics. UNIVERSITÉ DE PARIS III, France, 1/78 - 5/78 Semester abroad: courses in theater, literature, and history of art. WORK EXPERIENCE FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY, Wilkes Honors College 8/04 - present: Professor 7/98 - 7/04: Associate Professor Teaching: Principles of Ecology, Behavioral Ecology, Human Ecology, Environmental Studies, Tropical Ecology, Biodiversity, Life Science, and Scientific Writing 9/03 - 1/04 & 5/04 - 8/04: Fulbright Scholar; Ants of Trinidad and Tobago COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, Department of Earth and Environmental Science 7/96 - 6/98: Assistant Professor Teaching: Community Ecology, Behavioral Ecology, and Tropical Ecology WHEATON COLLEGE, Department of Biology 8/94 - 6/96: Visiting Assistant Professor Teaching: General Ecology and Introductory Biology HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Museum of Comparative Zoology 8/91- 6/94: Post-doctoral Fellow; Behavior, ecology, and evolution of fungus-growing ants Advisors: Edward O. Wilson, Naomi Pierce, and Richard Lewontin 9/95 - 1/96: Teaching: Ethology PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 7/89 - 7/91: Research Associate; Ecology and evolution of leaf-cutting ants Advisor: Stephen Hubbell 1/91 - 5/91: Teaching: Tropical Ecology, Introduction to the Scientific Method VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY, Department of Psychology 9/88 - 7/89: Post-doctoral Fellow; Visual psychophysics of fish and horseshoe crabs Advisor: Maureen K.
  • Ant–Fungus Species Combinations Engineer Physiological Activity Of

    Ant–Fungus Species Combinations Engineer Physiological Activity Of

    © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | The Journal of Experimental Biology (2014) 217, 2540-2547 doi:10.1242/jeb.098483 RESEARCH ARTICLE Ant–fungus species combinations engineer physiological activity of fungus gardens J. N. Seal1,2,*, M. Schiøtt3 and U. G. Mueller2 ABSTRACT such complexity, the fungus-gardening insects have evolved obligate Fungus-gardening insects are among the most complex organisms macro-symbioses with specific clades of fungi, and use fungal because of their extensive co-evolutionary histories with obligate symbionts essentially as an external digestive organ that allows the fungal symbionts and other microbes. Some fungus-gardening insect insect to thrive on otherwise non-digestible substrates, such as lineages share fungal symbionts with other members of their lineage structural carbohydrates of plants (e.g. cellulose) (Aanen et al., and thus exhibit diffuse co-evolutionary relationships, while others 2002; Aylward et al., 2012a; Aylward et al., 2012b; Bacci et al., exhibit little or no symbiont sharing, resulting in host–fungus fidelity. 1995; Farrell et al., 2001; De Fine Licht and Biedermann, 2012; The mechanisms that maintain this symbiont fidelity are currently Martin, 1987a; Mueller et al., 2005). One of the most striking unknown. Prior work suggested that derived leaf-cutting ants in the attributes of these symbioses is the degree of physiological genus Atta interact synergistically with leaf-cutter fungi (Attamyces) integration: the insect host functions as a distributor of fungal by exhibiting higher fungal growth rates and enzymatic activities than enzymes, which digest plant fibers external to the insect’s body when growing a fungus from the sister-clade to Attamyces (so-called (Aanen and Eggleton, 2005; Aylward et al., 2012b; De Fine Licht ‘Trachymyces’), grown primarily by the non-leaf cutting and Biedermann, 2012; De Fine Licht et al., 2013; Martin, 1987b; Trachymyrmex ants that form, correspondingly, the sister-clade to Schiøtt et al., 2010).
  • 1. Name: Kenneth R

    1. Name: Kenneth R

    1. Name: Kenneth R. Miller Professor of Biology Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, & Biochemistry 2. Home address: 142 Martin Street Rehoboth, MA 02769 3. Education: Brown University Sc. B. Biology 1970 University of Colorado Ph. D. Biology 1974 Dissertation topic: Structure of the Photosynthetic Membrane 4. Professional Appointments: Lecturer Harvard Univ. 1974-1976 Assistant Professor Harvard Univ. 1976-1980 Assistant Professor Brown Univ. 1980-1982 Associate Professor Brown Univ. 1982-1986 Professor Brown Univ. 1986- 5. Completed Publications a. Books & Monographs Miller, K. R. (editor) Advances in Cell Biology, Volume I. JAI Press, Greenwich, Conn., London, England. 1987. pp. 1-190.g Miller, K. R. (editor) Advances in Cell Biology, Volume II. JAI Press, Greenwich, Conn., London, England. 1988. pp. 1-312. Miller, K. R. (1988) Energy and The Cell. (A Carolina Biology Reader, J. J. Head, editor) Carolina Biological, Burlington, North Carolina. 16 pp. Miller, K. R. (editor) Advances in Cell Biology, Volume III. JAI Press, Greenwich, Conn., London, England. 1989. pp. 1-273. Miller, K. R., & J. S. Levine (1990) Biology. (A high school biology text, generally known as the “Elephant” book). 1st Edition. Prentice Hall Co. 1077 p. (© 1991). CV: Kenneth R. Miller (Updated through 2016) Page 1 Levine, J. S., & K. R. Miller (1990) Biology: Discovering Life (A college biology text) 1st Edition. D. C. Heath & Co. 839 pp. (© 1991). Miller, K. R., & J. S. Levine (1992) Biology. (revision of the “Elephant” book). 2nd Edition. Prentice Hall Co. 1077 p. (© 1993). Levine, J. S., & K. R. Miller (1993) Biology: Discovering Life (A college biology text) 2nd Edition.
  • Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP) Biological Monitoring Program Rare Plant Survey Repo

    Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP) Biological Monitoring Program Rare Plant Survey Repo

    Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (MSHCP) Biological Monitoring Program Rare Plant Survey Report 2008 15 April 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................1 SURVEY GOALS: ...........................................................................................................................1 METHODS .......................................................................................................................................2 PROTOCOL DEVELOPMENT............................................................................................................2 PERSONNEL AND TRAINING...........................................................................................................2 SURVEY SITE SELECTION ..............................................................................................................3 SURVEY METHODS........................................................................................................................7 DATA ANALYSIS ...........................................................................................................................9 RESULTS .......................................................................................................................................11 ALLIUM MARVINII, YUCAIPA ONION..............................................................................................13 ALLIUM MUNZII, MUNZ’S ONION