DOCSLIB.ORG

Taxonomy of Older Driver Behaviors and Crash Risk

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Taxonomy of Older Driver Behaviors and Crash Risk DOT HS 811 468C February 2012 Taxonomy of Older Driver Behaviors and Crash Risk Appendix D DISCLAIMER This publication is distributed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in the interest of information exchange. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Transportation or the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. If trade names, manufacturers’ names, or specific products are mentioned, it is because they are considered essential to the object of the publication and should not be construed as an endorsement. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. DOT HS 811 468C 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Taxonomy of Older Driver Behaviors and Crash Risk, February 2012 Appendix D 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Authors 8. Performing Organization Report No. Loren Staplin, Kathy H. Lococo, Carol Martell, and Jane Stutts 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) TransAnalytics, LLC 336 West Broad Street 11. Contract or Grant No. Quakertown, PA 18951 Contract No. DTNH22-05-D-05043, Highway Safety Research Center, University of North Carolina Task Order No. 08 730 Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd. Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3430 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Office of Behavioral Safety Research Final Report National Highway Traffic Safety Administration U.S. Department of Transportation 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE Washington, DC 20590 15. Supplementary Notes Dr. Kathy Sifrit was the NHTSA Task Order Manager on this project. 16. Abstract This project’s objectives were to identify risky behaviors, driving habits, and exposure patterns that have been shown to increase the likelihood of crash involvement among older drivers; and to classify these crash-contributing factors according to a set of underlying functional deficits specific to, or more prevalent among, the older driver population. Such deficits may result from normal aging, age-related medical conditions, or medication use. A further goal was to identify and critically examine behavioral countermeasures with the potential to mitigate functional loss and/or diminish the occurrence of risky behaviors—and thus ameliorate crashes among older drivers. The first task was an analysis of older driver injuries and fatalities using national databases (FARS, GES), to identify driving patterns, driving tasks, and contributing factors associated with crashes by older drivers; more details are available in a separate document, Report No. DOT HS 811 093, “Identifying Behaviors and Situations Associated With Increased Crash Risk for Older Drivers.” Additional project tasks included a review of the literature describing age-related functional changes, and evaluations of existing behavioral countermeasures to reduce older drivers’ crash risk; an expert panel meeting to supplement the information from the database analyses and literature review; and unstructured interviews with older drivers who have had crashes within the previous three years, and an age-matched group who have not had crashes within that period, to determine whether these groups differ in factors such as exposure or use of countermeasures. The outcomes of these project activities were used to develop and refine a taxonomy table that captures critical relationships between topics and subtopics highlighted in the literature review and crash database analyses. This table identifies critical performance errors that underlie crash types where older drivers are most strongly overrepresented; the functional deficits that are implicated in causing such performance errors; and the countermeasure strategies that presently appear to hold the greatest promise to ameliorate or to accommodate those (age-related) deficits. The taxonomy table is a resource that provides at-a-glance, state-of-the-knowledge information to assist researchers, health care practitioners, and others concerned about older driver safety to identify particular risk factors, and what can be done to reduce the risk. A hard copy version and an expanded, electronic version of this resource were developed. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Safety, older drivers, functional abilities, crash analysis, Document is available to the public from the countermeasure, driver performance, driving errors, National Technical Information Service rehabilitation, remediation, accommodation, compensation. www.ntis.gov 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 212 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized i APPENDIX D: LITERATURE REVIEW Effects of Functional Aging, Medical Conditions, and Medications on Driving Performance and Behavioral Countermeasures to Reduce Crash Risk A Task Report for Taxonomy of Older Driver Behaviors and Crash Risk Contract DTNH22-05-D-05043, Task Order 008 Submitted to: Dr. Kathy Sifrit National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE. Washington, D. C. 20590 Submitted by: Kathy H. Lococo Loren Staplin, Ph. D. D-1 Appendix D: Literature Review Table of Contents DIMINISHED SENSORY/PERCEPTUAL CAPABILITIES ................................................... D-5 An Overview of Changes in Vision With Aging ............................................................ D-5 Static Visual Acuity ........................................................................................................ D-7 Dynamic Visual Acuity ................................................................................................. D-10 Contrast Sensitivity ....................................................................................................... D-12 Visual Fields ................................................................................................................. D-17 Depth and Motion Perception ....................................................................................... D-20 Glare Sensitivity............................................................................................................ D-24 Color Vision .................................................................................................................. D-26 References for Diminished Sensory/Perceptual Capabilities ....................................... D-27 DIMINISHED COGNITIVE CAPABILITIES ........................................................................ D-36 Working Memory.......................................................................................................... D-36 Speed of Processing ...................................................................................................... D-38 Pre-Attentional and Attentional Processes .................................................................... D-41 Executive Functioning .................................................................................................. D-54 Visuospatial Abilities .................................................................................................... D-59 References for Diminished Cognitive Capabilities ....................................................... D-62 DIMINISHED PHYSICAL/PSYCHOMOTOR RESPONSE CAPABILITIES ...................... D-71 An Overview of Changes in Physical Abilities with Aging and Increased Crash Risk............................................................................................... D-71 Response Time Related to Movement .......................................................................... D-74 Strength......................................................................................................................... D-77 Flexibility and Range of Motion of Extremities ........................................................... D-78 Head and Neck Mobility............................................................................................... D-80 References for Diminished Physical/Psychomotor Response Capabilities .................. D-82 MEDICAL CONDITIONS AND OLDER DRIVER SAFETY ............................................... D-87 An Overview of Diseases and Medical Conditions and Crash Risk .............................. D-87 Conditions that Impair Visual Function ......................................................................... D-88 Conditions that Impair Cognitive Function .................................................................... D-91 Conditions that Impair Psychomotor Function ............................................................... D-93 References for Medical Conditions and Older Driver Safety ......................................... D-94 D-2 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont’d) MEDICATION USE IN THE OLDER POPULATION AND EFFECTS ON DRIVING ...... D-99 Medication Use in the Community-Dwelling Older Population ................................ D-100 Central Nervous System Depressants ......................................................................... D-102 Cardiovascular/Renal Medications ............................................................................. D-112 Hematologic Agents ...................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cochran Undersea Technology
    Cochran Undersea Technology www.DiveCochran.com Technical Publication ©2013 7Apr13 Task Loading While scuba diving, the diver wants to focus on his Mission whether it be cruising a reef, photographing fish, cave diving, disarming a mine, or just diving with a buddy for the fun of it. The diver doesn’t need or want to be distracted or concerned by equipment tasks that could be easily avoided. Cochran dive computers have the lowest task loading of any unit on the market today. This is one reason why Cochran is the only dive computer used by NATO, the US Navy, and other international militaries. Cochran’s goal is to allow Cochran dive computer owners to maximize their diving experience. Toward this goal, Cochran has addressed the following issues: No Buttons – no Worries Regardless of how well a product is designed, having pushbuttons is always less reliable than not having pushbuttons. Pushbuttons can be troublesome when wearing gloves. Trying to press a pushbutton or combination of pushbuttons while carrying a camera and taking a picture is at best, challenging. Cochran dive computers are fully automatic and have no pushbuttons. If desired to change any settings in a Cochran dive computer while on the surface, the diver uses the three permanent stainless contacts on the side or bottom of the unit. Batteries Cochran dive computers have the longest battery life. By checking for battery warnings just before a dive, the diver can be assured that when he starts a dive there is sufficient battery power to complete it. Constantly checking the battery while in a dive is not necessary with a Cochran dive computer.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence Report Stroke and Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Safety
    Evidence Report Stroke and Commercial Motor Vehicle Driver Safety Presented to The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration September 15, 2008 Prepared for Prepared by MANILA Consulting Group, Inc. ECRI Institute 1420 Beverly Road, Suite 220 5200 Butler Pike McLean, VA 22101 Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462 Evidence reports are sent to the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration’s (FMCSA) Medical Review Board (MRB) and Medical Expert Panels (MEP). The MRB and MEP make recommendations on medical topics of concern to the FMCSA. The FMCSA will consider all MRB and MEP recommendations, however, all proposed changes to current standards and guidance (guidelines) will be subject to public notice and comment and relevant rulemaking processes. Policy Statement This report was prepared by ECRI Institute under subcontract to MANILA Consulting Group, Inc., which holds prime GS-10F-0177N/DTMC75-06-F-00039 with the Department of Transportation’s Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. ECRI Institute is an independent, nonprofit health services research agency and a Collaborating Center for Health Technology Assessment of the World Health Organization. ECRI Institute has been designated an Evidence- based Practice Center (EPC) by the U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. ECRI Institute’s mission is to provide information and technical assistance to the healthcare community worldwide to support safe and cost-effective patient care. The results of ECRI Institute’s research and experience are available through its publications, information systems, databases, technical assistance programs, laboratory services, seminars, and fellowships. The purpose of this evidence report is to provide information on the current state of knowledge on this topic.
    [Show full text]
  • 2011 NOAA Diving Program Annual Report
    NOAA Diving Program 2011 Annual Report 31 December 2011 NOAA Diving Center 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, WA 98115 NOAA Diving Program - Annual Report 2011 Summary For over 40 years, NOAA divers have safely, efficiently, and cost-effectively collected data and performed tasks underwater in support of NOAA goals and objectives. Fiscal year 2011 was no exception. FY11 continued to be a year of change and transition for the NOAA Diving Program (NDP) with the implementation of new standards, policies and procedures designed to increase safety and ensure compliance with federal regulations. Nine new policies were implemented, a new Working Diving standards and safety manual was adopted, and a new Diving Unit Safety Assessment (DUSA) program was initiated. This year, when compared to FY 2010, the Program experienced a 09% (44) decrease in the number of divers, a 01% (130) decrease in the number of dives performed, and a 05% (471) decrease in the total hours of bottom time logged by NOAA divers. These data do not include dives conducted by reciprocity partners which would have significantly impacted the totals in each category. Of the total number of dives recorded (13,859), 71% (9,845) were classified as ‘scientific,’ 14% (1,971) were ‘working,’ and 26% (3,550) were ‘training or proficiency’ (see Chart 1). These data represent almost no change in the number of scientific dives, a 12% decrease in working dives compared to FY10, and a 09% decrease in training and proficiency dives. Should the proposed alternate diving standards, currently under review by OSHA, be approved, the Program may see an increase in the number of working dives performed each year due to the lessening of restrictions on Nitrox breathing mixtures and the ability to conduct working dives without a chamber on site.
    [Show full text]
  • Biomechanics of Safe Ascents Workshop
    PROCEEDINGS OF BIOMECHANICS OF SAFE ASCENTS WORKSHOP — 10 ft E 30 ft TIME AMERICAN ACADEMY OF UNDERWATER SCIENCES September 25 - 27, 1989 Woods Hole, Massachusetts Proceedings of the AAUS Biomechanics of Safe Ascents Workshop Michael A. Lang and Glen H. Egstrom, (Editors) Copyright © 1990 by AMERICAN ACADEMY OF UNDERWATER SCIENCES 947 Newhall Street Costa Mesa, CA 92627 All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publishers Copies of these Proceedings can be purchased from AAUS at the above address This workshop was sponsored in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Commerce, under grant number 40AANR902932, through the Office of Undersea Research, and in part by the Diving Equipment Manufacturers Association (DEMA), and in part by the American Academy of Underwater Sciences (AAUS). The U.S. Government is authorized to produce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding the copyright notation that appears above. Opinions presented at the Workshop and in the Proceedings are those of the contributors, and do not necessarily reflect those of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF UNDERWATER SCIENCES BIOMECHANICS OF SAFE ASCENTS WORKSHOP WHOI/MBL Woods Hole, Massachusetts September 25 - 27, 1989 MICHAEL A. LANG GLEN H. EGSTROM Editors American Academy of Underwater Sciences 947 Newhall Street, Costa Mesa, California 92627 U.S.A. An American Academy of Underwater Sciences Diving Safety Publication AAUSDSP-BSA-01-90 CONTENTS Preface i About AAUS ii Executive Summary iii Acknowledgments v Session 1: Introductory Session Welcoming address - Michael A.
    [Show full text]
  • Dive Medicine Aide-Memoire Lt(N) K Brett Reviewed by Lcol a Grodecki Diving Physics Physics
    Dive Medicine Aide-Memoire Lt(N) K Brett Reviewed by LCol A Grodecki Diving Physics Physics • Air ~78% N2, ~21% O2, ~0.03% CO2 Atmospheric pressure Atmospheric Pressure Absolute Pressure Hydrostatic/ gauge Pressure Hydrostatic/ Gauge Pressure Conversions • Hydrostatic/ gauge pressure (P) = • 1 bar = 101 KPa = 0.987 atm = ~1 atm for every 10 msw/33fsw ~14.5 psi • Modification needed if diving at • 10 msw = 1 bar = 0.987 atm altitude • 33.07 fsw = 1 atm = 1.013 bar • Atmospheric P (1 atm at 0msw) • Absolute P (ata)= gauge P +1 atm • Absolute P = gauge P + • °F = (9/5 x °C) +32 atmospheric P • °C= 5/9 (°F – 32) • Water virtually incompressible – density remains ~same regardless • °R (rankine) = °F + 460 **absolute depth/pressure • K (Kelvin) = °C + 273 **absolute • Density salt water 1027 kg/m3 • Density fresh water 1000kg/m3 • Calculate depth from gauge pressure you divide press by 0.1027 (salt water) or 0.10000 (fresh water) Laws & Principles • All calculations require absolute units • Henry’s Law: (K, °R, ATA) • The amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is almost directly proportional to • Charles’ Law V1/T1 = V2/T2 the partial press of that gas, & inversely proportional to absolute temp • Guy-Lussac’s Law P1/T1 = P2/T2 • Partial Pressure (pp) – pressure • Boyle’s Law P1V1= P2V2 contributed by a single gas in a mix • General Gas Law (P1V1)/ T1 = (P2V2)/ T2 • To determine the partial pressure of a gas at any depth, we multiply the press (ata) • Archimedes' Principle x %of that gas Henry’s Law • Any object immersed in liquid is buoyed
    [Show full text]
  • |||GET||| Group Interaction in High Risk Environments 1St Edition
    GROUP INTERACTION IN HIGH RISK ENVIRONMENTS 1ST EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Rainer Dietrich | 9781351932097 | | | | | Looking for other ways to read this? Computational methods such as resampling and bootstrapping are also used when data are insufficient for direct statistical methods. There is little point in making highly precise computer calculations on numbers that cannot be estimated accurately Group Interaction in High Risk Environments 1st edition. Categories : Underwater diving safety. Thus, the surface-supplied diver is much less likely to have an "out-of-air" emergency than a scuba diver as there are normally two alternative air sources available. Methods for dealing with Group Interaction in High Risk Environments 1st edition risks include Provision for adequate contingencies safety factors for budget and schedule contingencies are discussed in Chapter 6. This genetic substudy included Two Sister Study participants and their parents, and some Sister Study participants who developed incident breast cancer invasive or DCIS before age 50 during the follow-up period. In terms of generalizability, our sample is predominantly non-Hispanic white women, and the results may not apply to other racial or ethnic groups. This third parameter may give some management support by establishing early warning indicators for specific serious risks, which might not otherwise have been established. ROVs may be used together with divers, or without a diver in the water, in which case the risk to the diver associated with the dive is eliminated altogether. Suitable equipment can be selected, personnel can be trained in its use and support provided to manage the foreseeable contingencies. However, taken together, there is the possibility that many of the estimates of these factors would prove to be too optimistic, leading.
    [Show full text]
  • EEG and ECG Changes During Deep-Sea Manned Submersible Operation
    EEG and ECG changes during deep-sea manned submersible operation Haifei Yang1, Lu Shi1, 2*, Feng Liu3, Yanmeng Zhang2, Baohua Liu4, Yangyang Li2, Zhongyuan Shi2 and Shuyao Zhou2 1SJTU-CU International Cooperative Research Center, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China 2Institute of Underwater Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.1500 Long Wu Road, Shanghai 200231, China 3China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association (COMRA), No.1 Fu Xing Men Wai Road, Beijing 10083, China 4China National Deep Sea Center (NDSC), No.1 Wei Yang Road, Qingdao 266237, China *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract Background: Deep-sea manned submersible operation could induce mental workload and influence neurophysiological measures. Psychophysiological responses to submersible operation are not well known. The main aim of this study was to investigate changes in EEG and ECG components and subjective mental stress of pilots during submersible operation. Methods: There were 6 experienced submersible pilots who performed a 3 h submersible operation task composed of 5 subtasks. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded before the operation task, after 1.5 h and 2.5 h operation, and after the task. Subjective ratings of mental stress were also conducted at these time points. Results: HR and scores on subjective stressed scale increased during the task compared to baseline (P<0.05). LF/HF ratio at 1.5 h were higher than those at Baseline (P<0.05) and 2.5 h (P<0.05). Relative theta power at the Cz site increased (P<0.01) and relative alpha power decreased (P<0.01) at 2.5 h compared to values at Baseline.
    [Show full text]
  • Coral Reefs Free Download
    CORAL REEFS FREE DOWNLOAD Jason Chin | 40 pages | 25 Oct 2011 | Flash Point | 9781596435636 | English | New York, NY, United States Basic Information about Coral Reefs The destruction facing not only the Great Barrier Reef, but also every reef around the world, can lead to the extinction of thousands of species Coral Reefs marine life. Coral is a class of colonial animal that is related to hydroids, jellyfish, and sea anemones. Larger patches occur as isolated parts of larger developments of any of the other three reef categories. Incentives are used to Coral Reefs miles traveled by vehicles, which reduces carbon emissions into the atmosphere, thereby reducing the amount of dissolved CO 2 in the ocean. The corals in effect build limestone because their skeletons are made of calcium carbonate. Accessed 11 February Blast fishing i. Coral Reefs of the World Coral Reefs. Bibcode : Natur. Corraline algae Mesophyllum sp. Bibcode : GPC Ocean Dynamics. Climate change will affect coral reef ecosystems, through sea level rise, changes to the frequency and intensity of tropical storms, and altered ocean circulation patterns. Reduce, reuse, or recycle. Bibcode : JMolE. Macroalgae, or better known as seaweed, has to potential to cause reef collapse because they can outcompete many coral species. Britannica Quiz. Colonies of reef-building hermatypic corals exhibit a wide range of shapes, but most can be classified within ten general forms. Restoring reefs is significantly cheaper than building artificial breakwaters in tropical environments. Other localized threats include blast fishingoverfishingcoral overmining, [] and marine pollutionincluding use of the banned anti-fouling biocide tributyltin ; although absent in developed countries, these activities continue in places with few environmental protections or poor regulatory enforcement.
    [Show full text]
  • Mine Warfare Diving
    www.mcdoa.org.uk MINE WARFARE AND DIVING PUBLISHED BY THE FLOTILLA STAFF FOR THE MCM COMMUNITY SUMMER 18 www.mcdoa.org.uk MCMV in the Gulf | MHC Capability | MASTT Update | Branch Champion Update www.mcdoa.org.uk MINE WARFARE AND DIVING CONTENTS Editorial Staff Welcome from Captain MFP 1 Sponsor: Cdr B Vickery RN Formation Command and KIPION JOA 2 Editor in Chief: Lt Cdr S Jane RN Joint Warrior 6 Editor: Lt J Squires RN What’s happening in MCM 7 Editorial Office: MCM2 Jicara Update 8 Lancelot Building DT1 Tasking, North Sea 10 HMNB Portsmouth MWO, The Perfect Apprenticeship 13 PO1 3NH MCMV in the Gulf, Crew 5 14 Diving Safety Update 16 The Mine Warfare and Diving is published by Flotilla staff to serve the Mine Warfare and Diving community. This publication SNMG2 18 is brought to you by COMPORFLOT MCM2 staff and we would be Ton Talk 21 interested in feedback in view of further editions to COMPORFLOT MCM2 staff (below for address). FOST Update 22 Thanks must go to the many contributors to this magazine and the Decommissioning 24 support from numerous members of PORFLORT that have made this magazine possible. Designed and printed by Navy Graphics, MHC Capability 27 Whale Island, with our thanks. Mine Warfare School Courses 32 Defence Dive School Courses 33 2019 issue will be issued by: Update from MCM Career Manager 34 Editor Fleet Diving Squadron Update 36 MCM2 What is MASTT? 40 Lancelot Building Operations in the Gulf 44 HMNB Portsmouth Mine Warfare Branch Champion 46 PO1 3NH Message from the CD Branch Champion 48 Diving Standards Team
    [Show full text]
  • 70430 Trimxinstgde Appx.Qxd
    Liability Release and Express Assumption of Risk for Technical Diving Please read carefully, fill in all blanks and initial each paragraph before signing. I, _________________________________________, HEREBY DECLARE THAT I AM A CERTIFIED (Participant) SCUBA DIVER, TRAINED IN SAFE DIVING PRACTICES INCLUDING THE USE OF NITROX, AND AM AWARE OF THE INHERENT HAZARDS OF SCUBA DIVING. _____ I further state that I am an experienced diver and have been certified by the following training organization(s): ____________________________ and that I am aware of the required certification or equivalent experience required to participate in technical diving activities. I have been a certified diver since __________, and have been diving for ________ years, with a total of approximately ________ dives, to a maximum depth of _________ metres/feet (circle one). _____ I further declare that I have been advised and thoroughly informed of the inherent hazards of participating in technical and recreational scuba diving activities, and in consideration of being allowed to participate in this activity, I hereby assume all risks in connection with said activity, for any harm, injury or damage that I may suffer while I am participating in this activity, including all risks connected therewith, whether foreseen or unforeseen. _____ I further declare that I am properly trained, thoroughly informed, and completely under- stand the inherent hazards of Technical Scuba Diving activities, including the risk of serious injury or death. Further, I understand that diving with compressed air, oxygen-enriched air (nitrox) trimix, and 100 percent oxygen involves certain inherent risks that include but are not limited to: decom- pression sickness, embolism, oxygen toxicity, inert gas narcosis, marine life injuries, fire and/or explosion hazards, and barotrauma or hyperbaric injuries which can occur and require treatment in a recompression chamber.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Diving Learning Agreement
    TECHNICAL DIVING LEARNING AGREEMENT This statement informs you of hazards, risks and your responsibilities for participating in technical diver training courses with Motor City Scuba. Your signature acknowledges that you accept these risks and responsibilities. !, _______________________________________ , understand that as a technical diver I should: 1. Maintain good mental and physical health for diving. 10. Accept the responsibility for my personal safety, while Refrain from being under the influence of alcohol or drugs accepting and acknowledging the risks and demands when diving. Stay proficient in diving skills, in particular, technical diving imposes. the skills required for certification at various levels as a 11. Stay informed on and dive according to the state of the art technical diver. in diving, technical diving, dive rescue, dive equipment and 2. Engage only in diving activities consistent with my training other influences on my safety as a technical diver. and experience. 12. Accept that technical scuba diving has many general risks 3. Use complete, well-maintained, reliable equipment for and hazards that either don’t exist in recreational diving, which I have appropriate training. or aren’t as severe, including: 4. Adhere to the team diving concept, but always be a. No direct access to the surface in an emergency prepared to complete any dive without the assistance of a due to decompression requirements. teammate. Although self-sufficient, the responsible b. Hypoxia/hyperoxia resulting from using the technical diver dives as part of a team and adheres to wrong gas, which can lead to drowning. team diving principles. c. Narcosis, which can lead to poor judgment/bad 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Avaliação Psicológica De Condutores
    Inês IsabelInês Rodrigues Saraiva Ferreira Inês Isabel Rodrigues Saraiva Ferreira AVALIAÇÃO PSICOLÓGICA DE CONDUTORES IDOSOS Validade de Testes Neurocognitivos AVALIAÇÃO PSICOLÓGICA IDOSOS DE CONDUTORES no Desempenho de Condução Automóvel Validade de Testes Neurocognitivos no Desempenho de Condução no Desempenho Neurocognitivos Automóvel de Testes Validade Dissertação de Doutoramento na área científica de Psícologia, especialidade de Avaliação Psicológica, orientada pelo Senhor Professor Doutor Mário Manuel Rodrigues Simões e apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra. Outubro de 2012 FACULDADE DE PSICOLOGIA E DE CIÊNCIAS DA EDUCAÇÃO UNIVERSIDADE DE COIMBRA AVALIAÇÃO PSICOLÓGICA DE CONDUTORES IDOSOS: VALIDADE DE TESTES NEUROCOGNITIVOS NO DESEMPENHO DE CONDUÇÃO AUTOMÓVEL Inês Isabel Rodrigues Saraiva Ferreira Dissertação de Doutoramento Título: Avaliação Psicológica de Condutores Idosos: Validade de Testes Neurocognitivos no Desempenho de Condução Automóvel Autor: Inês Isabel Rodrigues Saraiva Ferreira Orientação Científica: Professor Doutor Mário Manuel Rodrigues Simões Domínio Científico: Psicologia Especialidade: Avaliação Psicológica Instituição: Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação Universidade de Coimbra Ano: 2012 II Este trabalho foi apoiado por uma Bolsa de Doutoramento concedida pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia do Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior [SFRH/BD/27255/2006]. III Parte dos trabalhos de investigação foram realizados ao abrigo de um Protocolo de Cooperação entre a Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra e o Instituto da Mobilidade e dos Transportes Terrestres, I.P., e com a colaboração do Automóvel Club de Portugal. IV Dedico este trabalho ao José Maria, e aos meus filhos, o José Maria e o Miguel.
    [Show full text]