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(Zabrus Tenebrioides Goeze) ATTACK in SOUT

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(Zabrus Tenebrioides Goeze) ATTACK in SOUT Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LX, 2017 ISSN 2285-5785; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5793; ISSN Online 2285-5807; ISSN-L 2285-5785 Popov, 2002). In case of higher attack occurred environment. As result, neonicothinoids ACTUAL PROBLEMS CONCERNING PROTECTION OF THE WHEAT in autumn, wheat crops can be destroyed and insecticides remain available for seed CROPS AGAINST CEREAL GROUND BEETLE (Zabrus tenebrioides Goeze) farmers must sowing again (Popov, 1999 cited treatment, with effectiveness higher then 90 % by Rosca and Rada, 2009). Attack occurred in (Popov et al., 2010; Trotus et al., 2011). In a ATTACK IN SOUTH-EAST OF THE ROMANIA spring, after tillering stage of wheat, are less previous study, made in south of the Romania, harmful, generally one or two tillers are Popov et al. (2010) mentioned that, between 1 3,4 2 Emil GEORGESCU , Luxiţa RÎŞNOVEANU , Maria TOADER , destroyed by larva, but plants survive (Hulea et 2003 and 2007, the attack of Zabrus 2 1 1 Alina Maria IONESCU , Radu GĂRGĂRIȚĂ , Lidia CANĂ al., 1975; Popov et al., 1996). According Popov tenebrioides larva at wheat plants emerged et al. (2006), the late attack in spring, is less from untreated seeds ranged from 9,8 to 17,0 % 1 NARDI Fundulea, 1 Nicolae Titulescu, Fundulea, Calarasi County, 915200, Romania visible, because the plants have a high biomass, at NARDI Fundulea. Also, in same period, at 2 University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Mărăşti Blvd., fact that camouflages the damage and ensures a ARDS Marculesti the attack ranged between District 1, 011464, Bucharest, Romania better survival of the attacked plants. Same 6,2 and 17,2 % while at ARDS Caracal the 3 ARDS Brăila, Viziru Street km 9, Brăila County, 818008, Romania author mentioned that high soil moisture and attack of larva, was 7,3 % in 2003 and 23 % in 4 „Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Faculty of Engineering and Agronomy, 29 Calarasi Street, moderate temperatures are favorable conditions 2004. Unpublished reports and some articles Brăila County, 810017, Romania for Zabrus tenebrioides larva development, as published in journals for farmers make in result attack of this pest at wheat crops can be evidence higher attack of Zabrus tenebrioides Corresponding author email: [email protected] high. Contrarily, in years with dry autumns, at wheat crops in last years (Georgescu, 2014; low humidity from soil represent unfavorable Georgescu et Risnoveanu, 2015). Possible Abstract conditions for larva development, as result the reasons for increasing of the cereal ground Cereal ground beetle (Zabrus tenebrioides Goeze) represents one of the most important pests of wheat crop, in south- attack occurs later, after the first rains, with no beetle attack is lack of seed treatment, because east of the Romania. Larva lives in soil and represents the most damaging stage of this pest. Higher attacks can occur obvious damages. Popov et Barbulescu (2007) of higher price of pesticides, wheat in case of wheat monoculture or plants emerged from untreated seeds. High soil moisture and moderate temperatures mentioned that in period 1950-1960, in south monoculture and climate changes are favorable conditions for Zabrus tenebrioides larva development and attack. In this paper, authors collective present and south-east of the Romania it was recorded (Kocmánková et al, 2010; Olesen et al., 2011; results concerning testing effectiveness of the seed treatment with both, low and high doses of imidacloprid and mixture high pest density, ranged from 75000 to Lup et al., 2013). After EU directive 485/2013, (imidacloprid+tebuconazole), in climatic conditions from south-east of the Romania, at NARDI Fundulea. Favorable conditions for pest attack it has registered in period October 2014-March 2015, when attacked plants percent at wheat 100000 larva/ha. In first half of XX century, in from 1 December 2013, the use of three active emerged from untreated seeds was 46.16% and October 2015-March 2016, when attacked plants percent at wheat some favorable years it has recorded more the ingredients for seed treatments of the spring emerged from untreated seeds was 32.89%. In last years, during autumn, periods with higher rainfall amount occurred 250000 ha with wheat destroyed by cereal corn crops and oilseed rape (imidacloprid, when wheat plants were in first vegetation stages, the most critical period of this crop for cereal ground beetle attack. beetle larva attack (Popov et al., 2010). Wheat clothianidin and thiamethoxam) were restricted In all of the years from this study, highest effectiveness in protection of wheat plants against attack of Zabrus monoculture favors Zabrus tenebrioides attack (Official Journal of the European Union, 2013). tenebrioides larva were provided by imidacloprid active ingredient, in dose of 0.88 and 1.66 l/t. Also, imidacloprid+tebuconazole active ingredients provide good protection for wheat crops against this pest. In case of and the increasing of pest density from one However, seed treatment for cereals sowed in different climatic conditions, registered in last years, seed treatment assign stable protection of wheat crop and year to another (Popov et al., 1983, 2004b). autumn is not affected by this directive. represent an effective method for control of Zabrus tenebrioides. However, only crop rotation is not enough for The aim of this study is testing effectiveness of wheat crop protection against cereal ground the seed treatment with both, low and high Key words: wheat, ground beetle, damage, control. beetle (Popov et al., 2008). Along the time, at doses of imidacloprid and mixture NARDI Fundulea (former ICCPT Fundulea) it imidacloprid+tebuconazole, to control Zabrus INTRODUCTION barley crops, especially in countries around has made several researches concerning tenebrioides attack in conditions of wheat Black Sea (Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine, South chemical protection of the wheat crops against monoculture, in south-east of the Romania. With a surface higher then 2 million hectares, of Russia, Turkey) and Greece (Chenikalova et Zabrus tenebrioides attack (Popov et each year, wheat is the second crop cultivated al., 2009). Also, Zabrus tenebrioides is spread Barbulescu, 2007, Popov et al., 2010). First MATERIALS AND METHODS in Romania, after maize (MADR data, 2016). in several countries from Western Europe such product synthesized in Romania for seed Cereal ground beetle (Zabrus tenebrioides as: England, France, Germany, Italy (Bassett, treatment was FB 7 (Paulian et al., 1965). This The researches were carried out at experimental Goeze) represents one of the most important 1978; Kreuz et Engelhardt, 1991, Nicosia et al., product has two active ingredients, linden for field of the Plant Protection Collective, from pests of wheat crop, in south and south-east of 1996; Jullien, 1999) or Central Europe such as pest control and ethyl mercuric chloride for National Agricultural Research Development the country (Knechtel and Knechtel, 1909; Austria, Czech Republic or Slovakia (Cate, seed borne diseases. Popov (1985) mentioned Institute, Fundulea, Calarasi County, Romania Manolache et al., 1959, 1960; Paulian et al., 1980; Martinez and Pillon, 1993; Oezder and that seed treatment with FB7 was generalized (44° 30′ N, 24° 1′ E), starting from autumn of 1959; 1965; Hulea et al., 1975; Barbulescu et Kivan, 1998). Larva lives in soil and represents in Romania, in 8th decade of 20th century, the year 2013 until spring of the year 2016. The al., 1985, 1988, 1995, 2001; Popov, 1975, the most damaging stage of this pest, for wheat when more then 1 million hectares were sowing experiments were arranged after randomised 1985; Popov et al., 1996, 2004a). Also, this crops (Manolache et al., 1963; Hulea et al., with treated seeds. After ban of ethyl mercuric blocks designs. Each experimental variant have pest occurs in West Plane, Tarnava or Mures 1975; Kryazheva et al., 1989; Walczak, 2007). chloride active ingredient, product FB7 was four repetitions. Experimental plots have 10 m rivers valley (Rosca and Rada, 2009). Same In the climatic conditions of Romania, the replaced with Tirametox 90 PTS (Popov et al., length, 2 m width, as result plot surface was of authors mentioned that highest populations of attack of Zabrus tenebrioides larva is very 2007). After 2006, linden active ingredient was 20 m2. In all years of study, wheat was sowed this pest in Romania occur in Baragan Plane. In dangerous in autumn, when plants are in first banned, because of higher toxicity for in monoculture system, at the middle of the Europe this pest produce damage at wheat and vegetation stages (Manolache et al., 1963; 256 Popov, 2002). In case of higher attack occurred environment. As result, neonicothinoids ACTUAL PROBLEMS CONCERNING PROTECTION OF THE WHEAT in autumn, wheat crops can be destroyed and insecticides remain available for seed CROPS AGAINST CEREAL GROUND BEETLE (Zabrus tenebrioides Goeze) farmers must sowing again (Popov, 1999 cited treatment, with effectiveness higher then 90 % by Rosca and Rada, 2009). Attack occurred in (Popov et al., 2010; Trotus et al., 2011). In a ATTACK IN SOUTH-EAST OF THE ROMANIA spring, after tillering stage of wheat, are less previous study, made in south of the Romania, harmful, generally one or two tillers are Popov et al. (2010) mentioned that, between 1 3,4 2 Emil GEORGESCU , Luxiţa RÎŞNOVEANU , Maria TOADER , destroyed by larva, but plants survive (Hulea et 2003 and 2007, the attack of Zabrus 2 1 1 Alina Maria IONESCU , Radu GĂRGĂRIȚĂ , Lidia CANĂ al., 1975; Popov et al., 1996). According Popov tenebrioides larva at wheat plants emerged et al. (2006), the late attack in spring, is less from untreated seeds ranged from 9,8 to 17,0 % 1 NARDI Fundulea, 1 Nicolae Titulescu, Fundulea, Calarasi County, 915200, Romania visible, because the plants have a high biomass, at NARDI Fundulea. Also, in same period, at 2 University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Mărăşti Blvd., fact that camouflages the damage and ensures a ARDS Marculesti the attack ranged between District 1, 011464, Bucharest, Romania better survival of the attacked plants.
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