DOCSLIB.ORG

Hidrocarburos Y Relaciones Internacionales En Asia Central

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hidrocarburos Y Relaciones Internacionales En Asia Central Universidad Nacional de La Plata Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales Hidrocarburos y relaciones internacionales en Asia Central Implicaciones regionales e internacionales de la producción y exportación de petróleo y gas natural en las repúblicas centrales asiáticas ex soviéticas (Kazakhstán, Turkmenistán, Uzbekistán, Kirguizstán y Tadjikistán) Isabel Cecilia Stanganelli Director: Lic. Ángel Pablo Tello Jurado de Tesis: Prof. Dr. Norberto Consani: Profesor Titular Ordinario de Derecho Internacional (Universidad Nacional de La Plata) Director de la Maestría en Relaciones Internacionales (Universidad Nacional de La Plata) Director del Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (Universidad Nacional de La Plata) Dr. Raúl Ricardez: Profesor del Instituto del Servicio Exterior de la Nación (ISEN), Profesor de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Profesor de la Maestría en Relaciones Internacionales (FLACSO) Prof. Gladys Lecchini de Álvarez: Directora de la Escuela de Relaciones Internacionales (Universidad Nacional de Rosario) Profesora Titular Ordinaria de Relaciones Internacionales (Universidad Nacional de Rosario) Investigadora del CONICET Calificación: 9 Distinguido y Recomendación de Publicación. Para Patrick, Frida y Larisa Narrar los pormenores que acompañaron la investigación y puesta a punto de esta obra requeriría por lo menos un volumen equivalente a este libro y podrían no resultar interesantes al lector. Sin embargo es imprescindible mencionar las diferentes etapas recorridas, pues en ese camino hubo valiosas personalidades que son partícipes del resultado final. Siempre me apasionó el espacio de la ex Unión Soviética: sus historias, sus ambientes geográficos y el aprovechamiento de los abundantes recursos naturales, sus pueblos, sus gobiernos, sus crisis, sus éxitos y dificultades así como su inserción en el complejo mundo actual. Por ello en 1992 el Prof. Héctor Dupuy, Jefe del Departamento de Geografía de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, me sugirió como tema de investigación las Repúblicas Centrales Asiáticas "pues de esa región no se sabe prácticamente nada". En realidad en ese momento se sabía muy poco. Fue aquella mi primera publicación sobre el tema -en 1993-. El atractivo de esta región incrementó mi interés por ella. Pero ni mi frondosa imaginación podía permitirme en ese entonces entrever que recorrería sus caminos. Comprometida con temas ambientales, en 1994 representé a Argentina en Repúblicas Bálticas. La colaboración _entre otros- de los Dres. Juris Benders (Universidad de Riga, Letonia) y Linas Kliucininkas (Universidad de Kaunas, Lituania) fue invalorable. En Moscú fue el Dr. Karen Karagesian, Secretario de la Fundación Gorbachov -Cruz Verde Internacional- quien supo aportar respuestas a mis dudas e inquietudes. La siguiente etapa continuó en Argentina. El Director del Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales de la Universidad de La Plata, Dr. Norberto Consani me incorporó como coordinadora del Departamento de Europa y Comunidad de Estados Independientes. Esta actividad me obligó a recurrir frecuentemente al material bibliográfico existente en esa Institución y a valiosos documentos de la realidad internacional. En el transcurso de la Maestría fui diseñando esta tesis. Entre sus brillantes docentes debo destacar al Lic. Angel Tello, cuyos conocimientos y claridad al expresarlos me impulsaron a solicitarle la dirección de esta tesis, centrada en los conflictos derivados de la producción de hidrocarburos. Su supervisión permanente y la del Dr. Eduardo Thenon y los Licenciados Juan Piovani y Alejandro Simonoff fueron imprescindibles para clarificar el proceso de organizar toda la información para hacerla inteligible y extraer conclusiones apropiadas. Con todo este bagaje me faltaba incorporar la percepción directa del escenario: el proceso de síntesis requería una visita a la región y decidí partir hacia Azerbaiján. Una visita a Bakú era factible y en todo el proceso de organización me asistieron desde Argentina -a través del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores- los Dres. Miguel Angel Cúneo y Susana Grané, con el conocimiento del Embajador argentino en Rusia, Dr. Arnoldo Listre. Pero no imaginé que recorrería Turkmenistán. La Sra. Dolores Dubra, en nombre de Bridas S.A., puso a mi disposición toda la infraestructura de la Compañía en esa república. Allí el Capitán Diego Maqui, el Dr. Roberto González y el Sr. Alfredo Ríos fueron parte de quienes hicieron de esa travesía de estudio uno de mis viajes más apasionantes y enriquecedores. De retorno en Argentina no quedaba más que dar cuerpo a esta tesis. Desde 1992 hasta la actualidad no se ha incrementado sustancialmente la información sobre este tema en español pero en otros idiomas abunda la información -si bien es fragmentaria y frecuentemente contradictoria-. Mis charlas con el Lic. Juan Belikow y mis correos con el Dr. Rafis Abasov -de Kirguizstán- resultaron muy fructíferas para desentrañar algunos aspectos confusos emanados de dicha información. La elaboración del material cartográfico y las búsquedas informáticas fueron posibles mediante la paciente supervisión de la Sra. María Irene Armesto Martín y la puesta a punto para su publicación estuvo en manos de la Sra. Juana Alvarez Eiras. Va mi profundo agradecimiento a estos y otros protagonistas de esta breve reseña. Todos ellos han sido generosos. Junto con mi familia lograron transformar esta obra en un grato desafío y motivarme para continuar investigando y difundiendo los resultados de mis estudios. Isabel Cecilia Stanganelli Julio de 2000 Introducción Después de la desintegración de la URSS, la idea generalizada fue que Rusia continuaría siendo la mayor garante de la seguridad y estabilidad en las recientemente independizadas Repúblicas Centrales Asiáticas (RCA). Más aún, se esperaba que las reformas económicas radicales que Moscú debía poner en práctica en forma inmediata, serían un ejemplo a seguir por los gobernantes de las RCA. Muchos factores colaboraron en esta percepción. El primer factor es la geografía de Asia Central. Esta región es una gran cubeta, cuya superficie es similar a la de India, cerrada al sur y al este por elevadas cadenas montañosas y al oeste por el mar Caspio, pero que pierde gradualmente altura hacia el norte hasta integrarse en la inmensa llanura siberiana rusa. También se encuentra a varios miles de kilómetros de puertos comerciales - tradicionalmente rusos- que comuniquen a la región con el resto del mundo y a varios cientos de kilómetros de distancia a otros puertos en el océano Indico o el golfo Pérsico que resultan poco accesibles por la naturaleza montañosa del relieve y por el poco desarrollo y mal mantenimiento de las rutas y/o vías férreas que se dirigen a ellos. El segundo factor es el legado del «Gran Juego» y de la Guerra Fría. El «Gran Juego» fue la competencia de fines del siglo pasado entre estrategas del Reino Unido y Rusia por todo el espacio comprendido entre esta última e India y que quedó finalmente resuelta en -aproximadamente- el límite con Irán y Afganistán. Desde ese momento se consideró al área que nos ocupa como de «interés estratégico» para Rusia y se mantuvo aquel límite durante este siglo, con las excepciones del corredor de transporte a través de Irán para asistir a Rusia durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial y la invasión soviética a Afganistán. Un tercer factor es el cultural y deviene del legado de -aproximadamente- ciento cincuenta años de coexistencia con Rusia. La población, a pesar de sus bagajes culturales previos, creció y se educó en un sistema dirigido por Moscú, en idioma ruso e inmersa en costumbres y políticas de ese origen. Por todo ello se consideró que Rusia jugaría un rol muy importante en la transición de las RCA posterior a la Guerra Fría. A principios de esta década se esperaba que Moscú ejercería liderazgo moral, político y económico en la región, en el marco de la Comunidad de Estados Independientes (CEI). Sin embargo, la política del Kremlin respecto de Asia Central fue cambiando continuamente desde 1991. Es más, la política inestable en la Federación de Rusia causó todo tipo de incertidumbres en las ex repúblicas soviéticas y forzó a sus líderes a incrementar sus estrategias personales, basadas en sus propios esfuerzos y recursos. Es válido preguntarse qué margen de acción tuvieron, tienen, pueden permitirse o pueden arriesgar los actuales dirigentes de las Repúblicas Centrales Asiáticas. Al menos se puede anticipar que las respuestas son bien diferentes para cada uno de los cinco Estados. Una primera hipótesis es que en diversa medida esas respuestas dependen de Rusia. Las RCA tienen escaso margen de maniobra. En el caso específico de los ductos, su viabilidad está en relación con las luchas por áreas de influencia entre los principales actores internacionales. El único camino viable para alcanzar cambios eficaces resultó entonces el desarrollo de sus recursos naturales y atraer un monto significativo de inversiones extranjeras para sus proyectos. Los principales recursos minerales -y de mayor peso en las economías locales- son petróleo, gas, oro, cobre, bauxita y uranio. A modo de ejemplo: el volumen total de las reservas de petróleo en las RCA es mayor que las reservas probadas en toda Europa y su valor excedería los 4 trillones de dólares. Gigantescas compañías petroleras como Chevron, British Petroleum, Mobil, UNOCAL y otras mostraron un serio interés en tener parte en el desarrollo de las vastas reservas de gas y petróleo. De todos modos esa explotación requiere gran inversión en infraestructura, especialmente
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The University of Chicago Old Elites Under Communism: Soviet Rule in Leninobod a Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Di
    THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO OLD ELITES UNDER COMMUNISM: SOVIET RULE IN LENINOBOD A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY FLORA J. ROBERTS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS JUNE 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures .................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ vi A Note on Transliteration .................................................................................................. ix Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter One. Noble Allies of the Revolution: Classroom to Battleground (1916-1922) . 43 Chapter Two. Class Warfare: the Old Boi Network Challenged (1925-1930) ............... 105 Chapter Three. The Culture of Cotton Farms (1930s-1960s) ......................................... 170 Chapter Four. Purging the Elite: Politics and Lineage (1933-38) .................................. 224 Chapter Five. City on Paper: Writing Tajik in Stalinobod (1930-38) ............................ 282 Chapter Six. Islam and the Asilzodagon: Wartime and Postwar Leninobod .................. 352 Chapter Seven. The
    [Show full text]
  • Women's Issue and Its Historical-Retrospective Discourses in Turkestan in the Late of Xix and Early Xx Centuries
    European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 07, Issue 02, 2020 Women's Issue And Its Historical-Retrospective Discourses In Turkestan In The Late Of Xix And Early Xx Centuries Yusupova Dildora Dilshatovna Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Philosophy Military Technical Institute of the National Guard of the Republic of Uzbekistan Tashkent city, Republic of Uzbekistan. E-mail - [email protected] Madaeva Shahnoza Omonillaevna Doctor of Philosophy, Professor Head of the Department of Philosophy and Logic, National University of Uzbekistan E-mail - [email protected] Abstract. This article is devoted to the issue of women in Turkestan in the last century, which includes parandja, discourses on parandja, the "Khudjum" movement, the role of women in spiritual and enlightenment life, social status in the family, the religious and political situation in Turkestan, the factors that led to the religious situation , gender characteristics have been analyzed in a historically retrospective, philosophical context. It also seeks to broaden the views of Eastern and Western ideologists on the subject of the parandja, the issue of women in Islamic and Sharia law, their rights, as well as a broad approach to the original goals and objectives of the work done in the discovery of a new modern female image. At the end of the article it is stated in the proposals and comments that it is important to study and analyze the religious and political life of the past in order to find solutions to the problematic situations related to the religious factor in Uzbekistan today. Keywords: Women, “Parandja”*, black “chimmat”*, chachvon, “Khudjum”* movement, throwing parandja, religious and political situation, hijab*, gender, human rights, education.
    [Show full text]
  • Nothing to Lose but Their Veils Failure and ‘Success’ of the Hujum in Uzbekistan, 1927-1953
    Nothing to Lose but Their Veils Failure and ‘Success’ of the Hujum in Uzbekistan, 1927-1953 Word count: 25,896 Maarten Voets Student number: 01205641 Supervisors: Prof. Dr. Rozita Dimova, Prof. Dr. Bruno De Cordier A dissertation submitted to Ghent University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in East European Languages and Cultures. Academic year: 2016 – 2017 August, 2017 2 Abstract The title of this work is a reference to Marx’ famous quote, ‘The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains.’ When the proletariat eventually took over control of the former Russian Empire after the October Revolution and the subsequent Russian civil war (1917 – 1923), they had to spread the revolution to the periphery; Central Asia. To gain support in Uzbekistan from the local (female) population the Communist Party commenced the Hujum campaign on the 8th of March 1927. This campaign targeted traditions that they considered derogatory to women, in particular the wearing of the local veil, or ‘paranja’. The campaign was a complete failure due to vehement Uzbek resistance. Yet, nowadays the paranja is little more than a museum piece. The veil disappeared from the street view from the 1950’s onwards. In my research I want to give an explanation for this delayed success. Yet, in a way the Hujum still carries on: both Central Asian and Western countries have a mixed stance on the modern variants of the paranja, as shown in the existence of burqa bans. I have analysed relevant events (such as Stalin’s purges, deportations, the battle against the Basmachi) from before, during, and after the initial Hujum and placed them inside a Gramscian framework to explain their effects on the civil and political society in Uzbekistan.
    [Show full text]
  • Viewed Journal 31
    Vol.12 (2014) 28. Dr.Shobha Shinde, Director, School of Language Studies and Research Centre, and Head, Women’s Studies Centre, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon. 29. Dr.S.Kumaran, Assistant Professor and Head(i/c), Department of English, University College of Engineering, Tindivanam, Melpakkam, PURSUITS Tamilnadu. VOL. XII 30. Ms.Sravasti Guha Thakurta, Assistant Professor, Department of English, Jogesh Chandra Chaudhuri College, Kolkata. A Peer Reviewed Journal 31. Ms.Sreedevi K. Menon, Assistant Professor, Department of English, Mercy College, Palakkad. 32. Ms.Subhi Tresa Sebastian, Assistant Professor, Department of English, Sacred Heart College, Thevara, Kerala. 33. Dr.Suneetha Yedla, Assistant Professor of English, University College of Engineering and Technology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Andhra Pradesh. 34. Dr.Vijay Nair, Associate Professor, Department of English, Govt. RESEARCH CENTRE FOR COMPARATIVE STUDIES POST-GRADUATE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH Victoria College, Palakkad, Kerala. MERCY COLLEGE PALAKKAD - 678 006 KERALA OCTOBER - NOVEMBER 2014 PURSUITS Advisory Board 15. Dr.Kamala.K , Associate Professor and HoD, Department of English, Prof A Joseph Dorairaj, Vice-Chancellor i/c, Little Flower College, Guruvayoor, Kerala. Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu. 16. Ms.Krishna Prabha. K., Research Scholar, Research Centre for Comparative Studies, Post-Graduate Department of English, Mercy Dr.Vijay Nair, Associate Professor, College, Palakkad. Govt. Victoria College, Palakkad. 17. Mr.Najeeb P.M., Assistant Professor, Department of English, Editorial Board Government Victoria College, Palakkad. Prof. P.Madhavan, Department of Linguistics and Contemporary 18. Ms.Nisa Teresa John, Assistant Professor (Guest), Department of English, School of languages Sciences, The English and English, CMS College, Kottayam, Kerala. Foreign Languages, Hyderabad.
    [Show full text]
  • Women and Islamic Cultures: a Bibliography of Books and Articles in European Languages Since 1993
    Women and Islamic Cultures: A Bibliography of Books and Articles in European Languages since 1993 General Editor Suad Joseph Compiled by: G. J. Rober C. H. Bleaney V. Shepherd Originally Published in EWIC Volume I: Methodologies, Paradigms and Sources 2003 BRILL AFGHANISTAN 453 Afghanistan Articles 22 ACHINGER, G. Formal and nonformal education of Books female Afghan refugees: experiences in the rural NWFP refugee camps. Pakistan Journal of Women's Studies. Alam-e-Niswan, 3 i (1996) pp.33-42. 1 ARMSTRONG, Sally. Veiled threat: the hidden power of the women of Afghanistan. Toronto & London: Penguin, 23 CENTLIVRES-DEMONT, M. Les femmes dans le conflit 2002. 221pp. afghan. SGMOIK/SSMOCI Bulletin, 2 (1996) pp.16-18. 2 BRODSKY, Anne E. With all our strength: the 24 COOKE, Miriam. Saving brown women. Signs, 28 i Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan. (2002) pp.468-470-. Also online at http:// London: Routledge, 2003. 320pp. www.journals.uchicago.edu [From section headed "Gender and September 11". US attitude to Afghan women.] 3 (BROWN, A.Widney, BOKHARI, Farhat & others) Humanity denied: systematic denial of women's rights in 25 CORNELL, Drucilla. For RAWA. Signs, 28 i (2002) Afghanistan. New York: Human Rights Watch, 2001 pp.433-435. Also online at http:// (Human Rights Watch, 13/5), 27pp. Also online at www.journals.uchicago.edu [Revolutionary Association www.hrw.org/reports/2001/afghan3 of the Women of Afghanistan. From section headed "Gender and September 11"] 4 DELLOYE, Isabelle. Femmes d'Afghanistan. Paris: Phébus, 2002. 186pp. 26 DUPREE, N. H. Afghan women under the Taliban. Fundamentalism reborn? Afghanistan and the Taliban.
    [Show full text]
  • Exiled Imam Denies Links to Arrested Tashkent Muslims
    FORUM 18 NEWS SERVICE, Oslo, Norway http://www.forum18.org/ The right to believe, to worship and witness The right to change one's belief or religion The right to join together and express one's belief This article was published by F18News on: 12 April 2006 UZBEKISTAN: Exiled imam denies links to arrested Tashkent Muslims By Igor Rotar, Forum 18 News Service <http://www.forum18.org> At least 22 Muslims are believed to have been arrested in the Uzbek capital Tashkent in a crackdown launched in late March. The authorities accuse them of being extremists and claim they had links with exiled imam Obidhon qori Nazarov and another imam, Ruhiddin Fahrutdinov, extradited back to Uzbekistan by the Kazakh authorities last November. Nazarov denies any links to the detainees. "Maybe some of these people heard my sermons or studied with my students," he told Forum 18 News Service from exile in western Europe. "But in fact the only 'crime' all these people committed is that they are devout Muslims." Human rights activist Surat Ikramov agrees. "The only guilt of the detainees is that they regularly read the namaz [daily prayers]," he told Forum 18. Exiled Tashkent imam Obidhon qori Nazarov, who had to flee Uzbekistan to avoid arrest in 1998, has denied to Forum 18 News Service that he had links with any of the Muslims recently held in mass arrests in the Uzbek capital and accused of maintaining contact with him. "Maybe some of these people heard my sermons or studied with my students," he declared. "But in fact the only 'crime' all these people committed is that they are devout Muslims." Nazarov was speaking to Forum 18 on 11 April from the western European country where he has now been granted refugee status through the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
    [Show full text]
  • Images of Women in the Cinema of Uzbekistan
    Images of Women in the Cinema of Uzbekistan Nigora Karimova Institute of Fine Arts Studies, Academy of Sciences, Uzbekistan Introduction Uzbek cinematography was born during the active development of a new urban culture in Turkestan (Russian and Soviet Central Asia) at the beginning of the 20th century. Within only twenty years this young art began with making its first attempts at silent movies and produced great screen masterpieces such as “Tahir and Zuhra” (Тахир и Зухра), “Alisher Navoiy” (Алишер Навои), and “Adventures of Nasriddin” (Похождения Насреддина). During these years, a whole generation of women cinematographers were born and developed their craft from scratch, an achievement that can only be called legendary. Lolakhon Saifullina (Лолахон Сайфуллина), Valentina Sobberey (Валентина Собберей), Shahida Magzumova (Шахида Магзумова), Nazira Alieva (Назира Алиева), Yulduz Rizaeva (Юлдуз Ризаева), Lyutfihanum Sarymsakova (Лютфиханум Сарымсакова), Mariyam Yakubova (Марьям Якубова)―these are the representative names of a legendary generation, which are entered in the history of Uzbek visual culture of the 20th century in gold letters. The formation of cinema in Uzbekistan coincided with many social and political reforms of the Soviet state, including land and water reform, the fight against illiteracy, and the campaign for the liberation of women, or “Hujum” (which in Arabic means “attack”). Images of women of the new world were created during the Soviet era of silent cinema. In the mid-1930s, photographs of happy women 1 constituted 70 percent of the visual information in illustrated magazines and cinema journals for the mass audience, with almost no reports on political processes. The plots of all the “silent films” of the 1920s and 30s ―including “A Death Minaret” (Минарет смерти, 1925), “A Second Wife” (Вторая жена, 1927), “Leper” (Прокажённая, 1928), “Chador” (Чадра, 1930), and “Daughter of the Saint” (Дочь святого, 1932)―were built around the fate of a central female character.
    [Show full text]
  • Zahalování Muslimských Žen V Evropě
    ! PRÁVNICKÁ!FAKULTA!MASARYKOVY!UNIVERZITY! KATEDRA'ÚSTAVNÍHO'PRÁVA'A'POLITOLOGIE' ! DIPLOMOVÁ!PRÁCE! ' ZAHALOVÁNÍ'MUSLIMSKÝCH'ŽEN'' V'EVROPĚ'' –'' KRITICKÁ'REFLEXE'JUDIKATURY' '''''''''KAMILA'ABBASI' 2015/2016' ' ! 1! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Prohlašuji,, že, jsem, diplomovou, práci# na# téma# Zahalování* muslimských* žen* v*Evropě* –* kritická* reflexe* judikatury* zpracovala) sama.) Veškeré' prameny' a' zdroje' informací,' které' jsem' použila' k' sepsání' této' práce,' byly' citovány' v' poznámkách' pod' čarou' a' jsou' uvedeny' v' seznamu' použitých!pramenů&a&literatury.! ! ! ! ! ! 2! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Děkuji! především! JUDr.! Kateřině! Šimáčkové,! PhD.! za! její! cenné! rady! a! podporu! v! průběhu! psaní! diplomové! práce.! Poděkování! patří! taktéž! mým! rodičům!za!jejich!připomínkY!a!korekturY.! ' ' ! 3! ! Abstrakt'' Tato!diplomová!práce!se!zabývá!zahalováním!muslimských!žen!v!Evropě.!Je! představeno! chápání! závoje! jakožto! náboženského! sYmbolu! v!judikatuře! Evropského! soudu! pro! lidská! práva! a! taktéž! některých! národních! soudů.! Autorka!představuje!muslimský!závoj!z!pohledu!islámu!a!arabského!světa.! Práce! se! zaměřuje! na! zákazY! a! legislativní! regulaci! tohoto! náboženského! sYmbolu!ve!veřejném!prostoru.! ! Klíčová'slova:' Muslimský! šátek! –! hidžáb! –! zahalování! –! Dahlab! –! S.A.S.! –! Dogru! –! Leyla! Sahin!–!náboženský!sYmbol!–!veřejný!prostor! ! ! ! Abstract' This! diploma! thesis! deals! with! veiling! of! the! Muslim! women! in! Europe.! Itintroduces! the! interpretation! of!
    [Show full text]
  • Something Borrowed, Something Red –Textiles in Colonial and Soviet Central Asia
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings Textile Society of America 2004 Something Borrowed, Something Red –Textiles in Colonial and Soviet Central Asia Kate Fitz- Gibbon Anahita Gallery, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf Part of the Art and Design Commons Fitz- Gibbon, Kate, "Something Borrowed, Something Red –Textiles in Colonial and Soviet Central Asia" (2004). Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings. 442. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/tsaconf/442 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Textile Society of America at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Something Borrowed, Something Red –Textiles in Colonial and Soviet Central Asia Kate Fitz Gibbon Anahita Gallery Santa Fe, NM [email protected] We should like, of course, to send the paranji and chachvon to hell, but we cannot always get everything we want by issuing decrees. Nadezhda Krupskaia1 Introduction This paper traces the appropriation and manipulation of traditional textiles and textile designs for political purposes from the Russian colonial period to the present in Central Asia. It is less focused on identifying specific borrowings back and forth between the dominant Russian and dependent Central Asian geographical spheres, and more on incidents that illustrate the use of textiles and the manipulation of textile design in ways that furthered this political paradigm. Within these back and forth equations, the most important textile by far (although also the least interesting in terms of aesthetics, invention or multiplicity of use) is the chachvon, the horsehair veil, but other textiles and textile designs functioned as symbolically representative of Central Asian identity or as symbolizing a change taking place in society.
    [Show full text]
  • Women and Religion in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan – a View from Within
    Women and religion in post-Soviet Kazakhstan – a view from within Alma K. Sultangaliyeva1 Institute of World Economy and Politics under the Foundation of the First President of Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan A discourse about social, cultural, and political developments of modern Central Asian states can not avoid a “religious revival” phenomenon. Its impact on women’s status in a society is especially visible, transforming previously established patterns. Since the religious identity of majority of population in the region is linked with Islam, its “revival” has played a special importance. Soviet legacy of forced secularization, changing perception of Islam (from culture to the religious doctrine), phenomenon of “new Muslims”, identity formation, difference from mainstream “Islamic world’ need to be taken into consideration while examining influence of re- Islamization on women. Kazakhstan demonstrates the most striking case since it was more than any other Central Asian state had been affected by the Soviet modernization which essentially was antireligious. Nowadays, local Islam with its more relaxed and conformist attitude towards women is losing its positions to ‘global’ Islam with its more strict and codified rules. However, this new trend coexists with mainstream secular gender roles in the Kazakhstan society. Keywords: lslam, woman, identity, Kazakhstan Introduction During the last twenty years, the issue of the revival of religion is more or less regularly raised in the discourse about the political and socio-cultural development of modern
    [Show full text]
  • Warsaw East European Review
    Warsaw Contributors of this volume . VIII/2018 vol East Marijuš Antonovič | Metthew Bryza | Barbara Curyło | Aydan Er Daniel Fried | Graeme Herd | Jan Holzer | Kakhaber Kalichava Shahla Kazimova | Paweł Kowal | Valeriy Kravchenko European WEER Yevhen Kutsenko | Yevhen Mahda | Olga Maksymovych Jan Malicki | Petr Martínek | John S. Micgiel | Uliana Movchan Review Teimuraz Papaskiri | Katarzyna Pełczyńska-Nałęcz | Mykola Volume VIII/2018 | Revised Riabchuk | Evmorfia-Chrysovalantou Seiti | Konrad Zasztowt Małgorzata Zawadzka editorial discussion Trump, America and Eastern TRUMP, AMERICA AND EASTERN EUROPE EASTERN AMERICA AND TRUMP, Europe R Kowal | Malicki | Micgiel | Pełczyńska-Nałęcz | Riabchuk Warsaw East European Review Volume VIII/2018 | International Board: Egidijus Aleksandravičius | Vytautas Magnus University Stefano Bianchini | University of Bologna Miroslav Hroch | Charles University Yaroslav Hrytsak | Ukrainian Catholic University Andreas Kappeler | University of Vienna Zbigniew Kruszewski | University of Texas, El Paso Jan Kubik | University College London Panayot Karagyozov | Sofia University Alexey Miller | Russian Academy of Sciences Richard Pipes | Harvard University Mykola Riabchuk | Kyiv-Mohyla Academy Barbara Törnquist-Plewa | Lund University Theodore Weeks | Southern Illinois University Editorial Committee: Jan Malicki | chair of the Committee (director, Centre for East European Studies, University of Warsaw) John S. Micgiel | WEEC Conference Director (Centre for East European Studies, University of Warsaw) Wiktor Ross | secretary of the WEEC Programme Board (Centre for East European Studies, University of Warsaw) Editor-in-Chief Paweł Kowal Deputy Editor-in-Chief John S. Micgiel Assistant Editor Jan Jerzy Malicki Language Editor Christopher Moore ISBN: 978-83-61325-64-2 ISSN: 2299-2421 Copyright © by Studium Europy Wschodniej UW 2018 Typographic design & cover design Jan Jerzy Malicki Layout Jan Malik I. Trump, America and Eastern Europe Warsaw East European Review Editorial Discussion ..................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Women's Emancipation Movement in Kyrgyzstan: the Work
    The Women’s Emancipation Movement in Kyrgyzstan: The Work of the Zhenotdel of Kyrgyzstan from 1924 to 1930 By Azamat Askar Submitted to Central European University Department of Gender Studies In partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Arts in Critical Gender Studies Supervisor: Professor Francisca de Haan Second Reader: Professor Susan Zimmermann CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2019 Abstract When the Bolsheviks came to power in 1917 as a result of the October Revolution, and when their government expanded over Central Asia during the first decade of the Soviet Union, women’s emancipation was one of the main projects that the state undertook. In Central Asia, this was especially the case, for the Soviets tried to transform and modernize the society, and one of the central means to achieve that goal was the emancipation of women in the region. In Kyrgyzstan, along with the Communist Party and other governmental organizations, the Zhenotdel or Women’s Department played a crucial role in implementing the new legislation and trying to advance the whole emancipation project. This thesis, based on archival research, aims at uncovering the work and experiences of the women of the Women’s Department of Kyrgyzstan from 1924 to 1930. CEU eTD Collection i Declaration I hereby declare that this thesis is the result of original research; it contains no materials accepted for any other degree in any other institution and no materials previously written and/or published by another person, except where appropriate acknowledgment is made in the form of biographical reference. I further declare that the following word counts for this thesis are accurate: Body of thesis (all chapters excluding notes, refences, appendices, etc.): 22,825 words Entire manuscript: 25, 868 words Signed: __________________________ (Azamat Askar) CEU eTD Collection ii Acknowledgements To the women who raised me: my grandma, my mom and my aunt.
    [Show full text]