DOCSLIB.ORG

Fragrant Wood Gaharu : When the Wild Can No Longer Provide ...; PDF Copied from the Internet by Library of Congress Jakarta Offi

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fragrant Wood Gaharu : When the Wild Can No Longer Provide ...; PDF Copied from the Internet by Library of Congress Jakarta Offi ITTO MINISTRY OF FORESTRY OF INDONESIA IN COOPERATION WITH INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION ITTO PD425/06 Rev. 1 (I) Production and Utilization Technology for Sustainable Development of Eaglewood (Gaharu) in Indonesia FRAGRANT WOOD GAHARU: WHEN THE FRAGRANT WOOD GAHARU: WHEN THE W I L D C A N W I L D C A N NO LONGER NO LONGER PROVIDE PROVIDE R & D CENTRE FOR FOREST CONSERVATION AND REHABILITATION FORESTRY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (FORDA) MINISTRY OF FORESTRY INDONESIA 2011 by : Irnayuli R. Sitepu, Erdy Santoso, Sulistyo A. Siran, and Maman Turjaman ISBN 978-979-3145-88-4 9 789793 145884 ITTO MINISTRY OF FORESTRY OF INDONESIA IN COOPERATION WITH INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION ITTO PD425/06 Rev. 1 (I) Production and Utilization Technology for Sustainable Development of Eaglewood (Gaharu) in Indonesia FRAGRANT WOOD GAHARU: WHEN THE W I L D C A N NO LONGER PROVIDE by : Irnayuli R. Sitepu, Erdy Santoso, Sulistyo A. Siran, and Maman Turjaman Authors : Irnayuli R. Sitepu, Erdy Santoso, Sulistyo A. Siran, and Maman Turjaman Institution’s full name, address : R&D Centre for Forest Conservation and Rehabilitation; Jalan Gunung Batu No. 5 Bogor, Indonesia; e-mail : [email protected] The place and date the report : Bogor, July 1, 2011. was issued Disclaimer : Copyright @ 2011 This Proceeding is a part of Program ITTO PD425/06 Rev. 1 (I) : Production and Utilization Technology for Sustainable Development of Gaharu (Gaharu) in Indonesia Published by : Indonesia’s Work Programme for 2011 ITTO PD425/06 Rev.1 (I) R&D Centre for Forest Conservation and Rehabilitation Jalan Gunung Batu No. 5 Bogor, Indonesia Phone :62-251-8633234 Fax :62-251-8638111 E-mail : [email protected] ISBN : 978-979-3145-88-4 Cover by : Bintoro Project number : PD425/06 Rev. 1 (I) Host Government : Indonesia Name of the Executing : Forestry Research and Development Agency (FORDA) Agency Project Coordinator Dr. Ir. Maman Turjaman, DEA Starting date of the project : May 1, 2008 Duration of the project : 36 months ii PREFACE The importance of gaharu (eaglewood or aloewood or jingkoh or oudh) for many users has long been recognized. Gaharu is also considered the world’s most valuable incence with even higher price for high quality gaharu. Due to its multiuses, demand for gaharu products continues to increase significantly and may cause rapid depletion of gaharu trees in the wilds. Natural habitat of gaharu suffers from uncontrolled exploitation, and as the consequences, some important gaharu-producing trees under a serious degradation. People who live surrounding the forests are the ones who are affected directly from the rapid depletion of gaharu because their livelihood depends on the forest. On the other hand, forests are now receiving more and more attention from international society because profound appreciation on the function of forest has increased over the years. Forests are no longer seen as a place for timber production only, but also for many non-timber forest products. More importantly, forest is seen a lot as as environmental service provider nowadays. Indonesia is the world’s third largest area of tropical forest, being endowed with nearly 90 million hectares under forest cover. With today’s international focus on climate change, the forests have become the assets that contribute significantly to the country’s income. It is thus timely to promote sustainable production of gaharu as an important strategy for conserving natural gaharu tree species, thus the forest habitats, and concurrently fulfilling the demand for gaharu products from cultivation. This project of ITTO PD425/06 Rev.1 (I): “ Production and Utilization Technology for Sustainable Development of Eaglewood (Gaharu) in Indonesia” is targeting to achieve the goals. Technology for accelerating gaharu production is intensively studied and several gaharu cultivation plots have been established in several locations in Indonesia. It is our aim to alleviate poverty of particularly forest community by providing simple technology for gaharu production as source of income and to stimulate cultivation of gaharu plants as their valuable backbone commodity. The objective of this book is to give thorough information concerned with gaharu, and summarize the findings of the state-of-the-art research on gaharu. A key message of this book is to stimulate an understanding that the future of gaharu relies solely on sustainable production of gaharu and habitat conservation, and that technology intervention plays a major role in the process. Adi Susmianto Head, R & D Centre for Forest Conservation and Rehabilitation FORDA, the Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia iii LIST OF CONTENTS PREFACE ........................................................................................iii LIST OF CONTENTS ........................................................................ v LIST OF TABLE ..............................................................................vii LIST OF FIGURE ............................................................................. ix 1. INTRODUCTION..........................................................................1 2. KNOWING SPECIES THAT PRODUCE GAHARU .........................3 3. SILVICULTURE OF GAHARU PLANT .........................................15 3.1 Propagation using seeds, cuttings and tissue culture .................................... 15 3.2 Inoculation of beneficial microbial to promoted plant growth ........................ 16 3.3 Pest and Disease ........................................................................................... 16 3.4 Soil characteristics ......................................................................................... 19 4. GAHARU BIOINDUCTION TECHNOLOGY .................................23 4.1 Deliberate tree wounding using mechanical tools .......................................... 23 4.2 Deliberate tree drilling and chemical injection ................................................ 23 4.3 Deliberate tree drilling and inoculation of fungal inoculum ............................. 24 5. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GAHARU .....................................31 6. GAHARU PRODUCTS AND TRADING .......................................39 7. CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF GAHARU ...................................................................................49 8. EXIT STRATEGY .......................................................................51 8.1 The Role of Institution ..................................................................................... 51 8.2 Master Plans ................................................................................................... 53 9. CONCLUDING REMARKS .........................................................57 REFERENCES ...............................................................................59 ANNEX ..........................................................................................63 v LIST OF TABLE Table 1. Scientific names, synonyms, common names of Aquilaria and Gyrinops and distribution .................................................................................................3 Table 2. Pests and Diseases of gaharu plants in several locations in Indonesia ..........16 Table 3. Soil physical characteristics of three gaharu plantation sites in Java Island, Indonesia .................................................................................20 Table 4. Soil chemical characteristics of three gaharu plantation sites in Java Island, Indonesia .................................................................................20 Table 5. Fungi isolated from infected tree identified based on their morphological characteristics and experiments related with the fungal inoculation .............24 Table 6. Experimental plot of gaharu trees induction by deliberate tree drilling and Fusarium spp. injection in several locations across Indonesia ................26 Table 7. Molecular identification of 36 strains of gaharu-inducing fungi collected from 17 provinces in Indonesia .......................................................29 Table 8. Phenol compounds present in the induced gaharu products ........................34 Table 9. Classification of gaharu quality in Samarinda (East Kalimantan) ....................41 Table 10. Criteria and classification of gaharu quality ....................................................42 Table 11. Selling price of gaharu in markets of Samarinda, in East Kalimantan ............42 Table 12. Classification of gaharu quality according to Indonesian National Standard (SNI) .................................................................................................43 Table 13. Development of quota and realization related to the eagle wood export from Indonesia .....................................................................................45 Table 14. Several institutions/stakeholder who will carry out the exit strategy following the ITTO’s PD 425/06 Rev. 1 (I) project ............................................52 Table 15. Exit strategy based on activities of gaharu development at the ITTO’s PD 425/06 Rev.1 (I) ........................................................................52 vii LIST OF FIGURE Figure 1. Seeds of gaharu. (1-2): Aquilaria malaccensis; (3-4): Gyrinops versteegii. ......5 Figure 2. Gaharu trees. ...................................................................................................6 Figure 3. Flowering phenology of Aquilaria spp. in natural forest, plantation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thymelaeaceae)
    Origin and diversification of the Australasian genera Pimelea and Thecanthes (Thymelaeaceae) by MOLEBOHENG CYNTHIA MOTS! Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR in BOTANY in the FACULTY OF SCIENCE at the UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG Supervisor: Dr Michelle van der Bank Co-supervisors: Dr Barbara L. Rye Dr Vincent Savolainen JUNE 2009 AFFIDAVIT: MASTER'S AND DOCTORAL STUDENTS TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN This serves to confirm that I Moleboheng_Cynthia Motsi Full Name(s) and Surname ID Number 7808020422084 Student number 920108362 enrolled for the Qualification PhD Faculty _Science Herewith declare that my academic work is in line with the Plagiarism Policy of the University of Johannesburg which I am familiar. I further declare that the work presented in the thesis (minor dissertation/dissertation/thesis) is authentic and original unless clearly indicated otherwise and in such instances full reference to the source is acknowledged and I do not pretend to receive any credit for such acknowledged quotations, and that there is no copyright infringement in my work. I declare that no unethical research practices were used or material gained through dishonesty. I understand that plagiarism is a serious offence and that should I contravene the Plagiarism Policy notwithstanding signing this affidavit, I may be found guilty of a serious criminal offence (perjury) that would amongst other consequences compel the UJ to inform all other tertiary institutions of the offence and to issue a corresponding certificate of reprehensible academic conduct to whomever request such a certificate from the institution. Signed at _Johannesburg on this 31 of _July 2009 Signature Print name Moleboheng_Cynthia Motsi STAMP COMMISSIONER OF OATHS Affidavit certified by a Commissioner of Oaths This affidavit cordons with the requirements of the JUSTICES OF THE PEACE AND COMMISSIONERS OF OATHS ACT 16 OF 1963 and the applicable Regulations published in the GG GNR 1258 of 21 July 1972; GN 903 of 10 July 1998; GN 109 of 2 February 2001 as amended.
    [Show full text]
  • Suppression of Gene Juvenile Hormone Diol Kinase Delays Pupation in Heortia Vitessoides Moore
    insects Article Suppression of Gene Juvenile Hormone Diol Kinase Delays Pupation in Heortia vitessoides Moore Zihao Lyu, Zhixing Li, Jie Cheng, Chunyan Wang, Jingxiang Chen and Tong Lin * College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-020-8528-2217 Received: 5 July 2019; Accepted: 25 August 2019; Published: 2 September 2019 Abstract: Juvenile hormone diol kinase (JHDK) is a critical enzyme involved in juvenile hormone degradation in insects. In this study, HvJHDK in the Heortia vitessoides Moore (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) transcriptional library was cloned. Stage-specific expression patterns of HvJHDK, HvJHEH, and HvJHE as well as juvenile hormone titers were determined. The three tested enzymes participated in juvenile hormone degradation. Moreover, juvenile hormone titers peaked after larval–larval molts, consistent with a role for juvenile hormone in inhibition of metamorphosis. HvJHDK was subsequently suppressed using RNA interference (RNAi) to reveal its functions. Different concentrations of dsJHDK elicited the optimal interference efficiency at different life stages of H. vitessoides. Suppression of HvJHDK decreased HvJHDK content and increased the juvenile hormone titer, thereby resulting in reduced triglyceride content, sharply declined survival rate, clearly lethal phenotypes, and extended larval growth. Moreover, suppression of HvJHDK upregulated HvJHEH and HvJHE expression levels, suggesting that there is feedback regulation in the juvenile hormone metabolic pathway. Taken together, our findings provide molecular references for the selection of novel insecticidal targets. Keywords: juvenile hormone diol kinase; juvenile hormone; Heortia vitessoides Moore; RNA interference; triglyceride 1. Introduction Juvenile hormone (JH) is one of the most important insect hormones.
    [Show full text]
  • CITES Appendix II
    PC20 Inf. 7 Annex 9 INTRODUCTION TO CITES AND AGARWOOD OVERVIEW Asian Regional Workshop on Agarwood; 22-24 November 2011 By Milena Sosa Schmidt, CITES Secretariat: [email protected] A bit of history Several genera from the family Thymeleaceae are agarwood producing taxa. These are: Aquilaria, Enkleia, Aetoxylon, Gonystylus, Wikstroemia, Gyrinops. They produce different qualities of agarwood from which Aquilaria seems to be the best (see Indonesia report of 2003). From these six genera we have currently three listed on CITES Appendix II. The history of these listings is as follows: THYMELAEACEAE (AQUILARIACEAE) (E) Agarwood, ramin; (S) Madera de Agar, ramin; (F) Bois d'Agar, ramin Aquilaria spp. II 12/01/05 #1CoP13 II/r AE 12/01/05 Excludes Aquilaria malaccensis. Excluye Aquilaria malaccensis. Exclus Aquilaria malaccensis. II/r KW 12/01/05 Excludes Aquilaria malaccensis. Excluye Aquilaria malaccensis. Exclus Aquilaria malaccensis. II/r QA 12/01/05 Excludes Aquilaria malaccensis. Excluye Aquilaria malaccensis. Exclus Aquilaria malaccensis. II/r SY 12/01/05 Excludes Aquilaria malaccensis. Excluye Aquilaria malaccensis. Exclus Aquilaria malaccensis. II 13/09/07 #1CoP14 II 23/06/10 #4CoP15 Aquilaria malaccensis II 16/02/95 #1CoP9 II 12/01/05 Included in Aquilaria spp. Incluida en Aquilaria spp. Inclus dans Aquilaria spp. Gonystylus spp. III ID 06/08/01 #1CoP11 III/r MY 17/08/01 II 12/01/05 #1CoP13 II/r MY 12/01/05 II/w MY 07/06/05 II 13/09/07 #1CoP14 II 23/06/10 #4CoP15 Gyrinops spp. II 12/01/05 #1CoP13 II/r AE 12/01/05 II/r KW 12/01/05 II/r QA 12/01/05 II/r SY 12/01/05 II 13/09/07 #1CoP14 II 23/06/10 #4CoP15 The current annotation for these taxa is #4 and reads: All parts and derivatives, except: 1 PC20 Inf.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Impacts of Sanitation in Indonesia
    Research Report August 2008 Economic Impacts of Sanitation in Indonesia A five-country study conducted in Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, the Philippines, and Vietnam under the Economics of Sanitation Initiative (ESI) Water and Sanitation Program East Asia and the Pacifi c (WSP-EAP) World Bank Offi ce Jakarta Indonesia Stock Exchange Building Tower II/13th Fl. Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav. 52-53 Jakarta 12190 Indonesia Tel: (62-21) 5299-3003 Fax: (62-21) 5299-3004 Printed in 2008. The volume is a product of World Bank staff and consultants. The fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement of acceptance of such boundaries. Research Report August 2008 Economic Impacts of Sanitation in Indonesia A fi ve-country study conducted in Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, the Philippines, and Vietnam under the Economics of Sanitation Initiative (ESI) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Executive Summary At 55% in 2004, sanitation coverage in Indonesia is below the regional average for Southeast Asian countries of 67%. Nationwide, sanitation coverage has increased by 9 percentage points since 1990, representing signifi cant progress towards the target of 73% set by the Millennium Development Goal joint water supply and sanitation target.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of on the Basis of of 2014 CITES Quotas of Species Selected
    UNEP-WCMC technical report Review of species selected on the basis of the Analysis of 2014 CITES export quotas Part II (Version edited for public release) Review of species selected on the basis of the Analysis of 2014 CITES export quotas. Part II. Prepared for The European Commission, Directorate General Environment , Directorate E - Global & Regional Challenges, LIFE ENV.E.2. – Global Sustainability, Trade & Multilateral Agreements , Brussels, Belgium Published November 2014 Copyright European Commission 2014 Citation UNEP-WCMC. 2014. Review of species selected on the basis of the Analysis of 2014 CITES export quotas. Part II. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) is the specialist biodiversity assessment centre of the United Nations Environment Programme, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organization. The Centre has been in operation for over 30 years, combining scientific research with policy advice and the development of decision tools. We are able to provide objective, scientifically rigorous products and services to help decision -makers recognize the value of biodiversity and apply this knowledge to all that they do. To do this, we collate and verify data on biodiversity and ecosystem services that we analyze and interpret in comprehensive assessments, making the results available in ap propriate forms for national and international level decision-makers and businesses. To ensure that our work is both sustainable and equitable we seek to build the capacity of partners where needed, so that they can provide the same services at national and regional scales. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP, contributory organisations or editors.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Variation and DNA Barcoding of the Endangered
    DOI: 10.5152/forestist.2020.20009 2020, 70(2): 85-94 Original Article Genetic variation and DNA barcoding of the endangered agarwood-producing Aquilaria beccariana (Thymelaeaceae) populations from the Malesia Region Malezya Bölgesinde nesli tükenmekte olan Aquilaria beccariana (Thymelaeaceae) popülasyonlarının genetik varyasyonu ve DNA barkodu Yu Cong Pern , Shiou Yih Lee , Norizah Kamarudin , Rozi Mohamed Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia ABSTRACT The endangered agarwood-producing Aquilaria beccariana is reportedly secluded in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula (MPen) and more dispersed in the northern and central regions of the Borneo Island (Bor). The two are geographically separated by the South China Sea. Fresh leaf samples from 47 individuals were collected from six natural populations, including Mersing (MERS) of MPen; Upper Baram (BARA1), Marudi (BARA2), and Lawas (LAWA) of Sarawak; Tongod (TONG) of Sabah, and Kalimantan (KALI) of Indonesia, to study their phylogenetic relationship. Seven non-coding chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) regions and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region were amplified and sequenced using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Several closely related Aquilaria species were included to demonstrate the molecular position of A. beccariana. Phy- logenetic analysis, median-joining (MJ) network, and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) assembled the six populations into two major clusters, MPen and Bor, when using the combined cpDNA dataset, whereas the Bor populations were further clustered into northern and central populations. DNA barcoding analysis using the combined trnL–trnF+ITS2 loci of 12 Aquilaria species revealed that species discrimination is possible for A. beccariana at both species and population levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Faculty of Resource Science and Technology
    Faculty of Resource Science and Technology SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF AQUILARIA SPP. IN SARAWAK Nur Ismah Syamimi binti Jamaludin Bachelor of Science with Honours (Plant Resource Science and Management) 2015 SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF AQUILARIA SPP. IN SARAWAK NUR ISMAH SYAMIMI BINTI JAMALUDIN 37978 This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science with Honours in Plant Resource Science and Management Faculty of Resource Science and Technology UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK 2015 APPROVAL SHEET Name of candidate : Nur Ismah Syamimi binti Jamaludin Title of Thesis : Systematic Study of Aquilaria spp. in Sarawak _________________________________ (Prof. Dr. Cheksum @ Supiah bt. Tawan) Supervisor Department of Plant Science and Environmental Ecology Faculty of Resource Science and Technology Date: ________________________ (Dr. Rebicca Edward @ May) Coordinator Department of Plant Science and Environmental Ecology Faculty of Resource Science and Technology Date: DECLARATION I declare that no portion of this research work has been submitted to support the application of other degree or qualification at any other universities or institutions of higher learning. ________________________________ (Nur Ismah Syamimi binti Jamaludin) Plant Resources Science and Management Programme Faculty of Resource Science and Technology Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Date: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my thanks to Allah S.W.T. for the blessing and will power to finish up my final year project as scheduled. Besides, a million thanks to my supervisor Professor Dr. Cheksum @ Supiah binti Tawan who has assisted me and give guidance on conducting this project especially in solving technical problems while doing this project. I would like to make special thanks to the Herbarium of The Forest Department Sandakan and Sarawak Forest Department for lending me the herbarium sample in the making of my project.
    [Show full text]
  • RSPO P&C Surveillance Assessment PUBLIC SUMMARY REPORT
    TÜV NORD INTEGRA bvba Certification in agriculture and food Statiestraat 164 2600 Berchem – Antwerp Belgium Phone: + 32 3 287 37 60 Fax: +32 3 287 37 61 www.tuv-nord-integra.com [email protected] RSPO P&C Surveillance assessment PUBLIC SUMMARY REPORT PT. SOCFIN INDONESIA <Sei Liput Mill and its supply base> Date of assessment: February 10-12, 2015 Number of ASA: (1 to 04): 01 Report prepared by: Anita masduki Certification decision made by: TÜV NORD INTEGRA bvba Int rspo pc cld clr asa sum e - v03 – 1/07/2014 p. 1/ 64 <Socfin Indonesia - Sei Liput Mill> <Feb 10-12, 2015> Contents 1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 1.1 Organizational information/Contact person ......................................................................................... 4 1.2 Certification details ............................................................................................................................. 4 1.3 Identity of certification unit .................................................................................................................. 4 1.4 Production volume ............................................................................................................................. 5 1.5 Description of fruit supply bases ......................................................................................................... 5 1.6 Date of planting and cycle .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons Learnt from the Malinau Research Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
    Decentralization has become an important reform process of forest management in many parts of the world. It is unfortunate that in Indonesia, decentralization has been rather abruptly implemented due to the fact that the process of decentralization was parallel with the government reform from highly centralized New Order Government into more democratic decentralized government. The project “Managing Forest Resources in a Decentralized Environment: Lessons Learnt from the TECHNICAL REPORT OF ITTO PD 39/00 Rev. 3(F) PD 39/00 Rev. OF ITTO REPORT TECHNICAL Malinau Research Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia” is the technical report of ITTO Project PD 39/00 Rev.3(F) so called Sustainable Collaborative Forest Management: Meeting the Challenges of Decentralization in the Bulungan Model Forest. This book documents the situation just prior to the reform era, the tumultuous reform era, and post reform era. This period is where the processes of forest governance have been somewhat chaotic, but at the same time provide an interesting opportunity for research on the implementation of SFM at the district level of government. The reports reveals some emerging issues namely: Implementing decentralization policies, securing forest livelihoods, alternative uses for forest resources, intensification of forest use, prompting conservation of forest and resources, forest and health and the role of research in managing forests for livelihoods. Petrus Gunarso was the project coordinator of ITTO Project PD 39/00 Rev.3(F), a scientist seconded from the Ministry of Forestry to the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) in Bogor, Indonesia. Titiek Setyawati is a Scientist of Forestry Research and Development (FORDA) of the Ministry of Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia.
    [Show full text]
  • Aquilaria Crassna Pierre Ex Lecomte En Guyane : Approches Métagénomique, Biochimique Et Histologique
    Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 20 avril 2016 par : Auteur du mémoire Titre du mémoire, v.1.10 Thèse En vue de l’obtention du grade de Docteur de l’université de Guyane Discipline : Sciences agronomiques et écologiques Spécialité : Biologie des organismes, biologies animales, végétales et microbiennes. Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 4 février 2020 par : CLARA ZAREMSKI Pour une production contrôlée d’agarwood d’Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte en Guyane : Approches métagénomique, biochimique et histologique. JURY Nadine Amusant Chercheure Co-encadrante de Thèse Amadou Bâ PU, HDR Président du Jury, Rapporteur Jacques Beauchêne Chercheur Examinateur Marc Ducousso DR, HDR Directeur de Thèse Marie Fleury MCF Examinatrice Christine Gérardin PU, HDR Rapporteur Franck Roubaud MCF Membre invité Ecole Doctorale n°587 : Diversités, Santé et développement en Amazonie « Tout ce qui arrive est le résultat d’une confluence. » Dr. Norin Chai « Les idées provocatrices sont légitimes, au moins pour s’assurer que ce n’est pas par habitude mentale qu’on exclut certaines possibilités. » Pr. Thibault Damour « Alba embarqua pour Tahiti le 13 Novembre 1851. » D’après Elizabeth Gilbert, The Signature of All Things. i ii RAPPEL DU TITRE Pour une production contrôlée d’agarwood d’Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte en Guyane : Approches métagénomique, biochimique et histologique. iii iv RESUME Aquilaria Lam. est un genre d’arbre tropical de la famille des Thymelaeaceae, origi- naire de l’Asie du Sud-Est. Ce genre compte actuellement vingt et une espèces dont le bois sain est de couleur blanche. Lorsque l’arbre est blessé, en interaction avec des micro-organismes environnementaux, l’arbre produit un bois transformé par sa forte teneur en composés secondaires.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollination and Seed Dispersal of Aquilaria Sinensis (Lour.) Gilg (Thymelaeaceae): an Economic Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations in China
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Plant Diversity 38 (2016) 227e232 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Plant Diversity journal homepage: http://www.keaipublishing.com/en/journals/plant-diversity/ http://journal.kib.ac.cn Pollination and seed dispersal of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg (Thymelaeaceae): An economic plant species with extremely small populations in China ** * Gao Chen a, b, , Changqiu Liu b, Weibang Sun a, b, a Kunming Botanical Garden, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China b Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China article info abstract Article history: Pollination and seed dispersal in angiosperms have long been investigated in order to understand the Received 14 June 2016 coevolution of plants and animals. However, the signals from flowers and/or seeds to attract pollinators Received in revised form and/or seed dispersers have received comparatively little attention. In this study, the pollination biology 27 September 2016 and seed dispersal of the vulnerable agarwood plant Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg, a traditional medicinal Accepted 29 September 2016 plant in China, was studied in its natural distribution range. The reproductive tactics of A. sinensis were Available online 5 October 2016 studied in detail by employing various tests dealing with fruit set and also seed dispersal. Dynamic (Editor: Zhekun Zhou) headspace extraction followed by GC-MS analysis was also performed in order to reveal the composition of floral scent. The results showed that noctuids and pyralids are the most effective pollinators of Keywords: pollinator-dependent A.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainability Report 2006
    MedcoEnergi Sustainability Report 2006 Maintaining A Balanced Life For Future Growth MedcoEnergi Sustainability Report 2006 Contents About MedcoEnergi Sustainability Report 1 Letter to Our Shareholders 2 Profile of MedcoEnergi 4 1. Who Is MedcoEnergi? 4 2. Operational Area & List of Assets 5 3. Achievement & Challenges 6 4. Summary of 2006 & 2005 Performance 7 Our View about Sustainability 8 Economic Performance 10 Environmental Performance 15 Health and Safety Performance 19 Social Performance 22 MedcoEnergi strives constantly to safeguard the long-term sustainability of its business in order to secure a bright future for the young. We owe it to ourselves to preserve the world and its environment, so that our children may enjoy a better life than what we have today. This report covers economic, safety, health, environmental and social performances of MedcoEnergi group during 2006 and in comparison with the 2005 performances. The economics performance is based on the MedcoEnergi’s consolidated financial report. The terms of PT Medco Energi International Tbk are also represented by “MedcoEnergi”, the “Company”, “We” and “Our” as consistent with the context. About MedcoEnergi Sustainability Report 2006 As a responsible corporate citizen, we are pleased to publish our very first Sustainability Report, which highlights the results and achievements of our economic, social and environmental endeavors up to year-end 2006 compared to 2005. The MedcoEnergi 2006 Sustainability Report is produced in accordance with the reporting guidelines and indicators of the International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA) and the American Petroleum Institute (API) Oil and Gas Industry Guidance on Voluntary Sustainability Reporting (April 2005). The majority of these indicators are also consistent with those in the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI).
    [Show full text]