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De Rei Scenicae Apud Romanos Origine [Microform] : Dissertatio ' «'•'c.f-;. / ^ - "•: ^. ., .- CEN >">.• fAPUD ROjaANOS ORIGINE t^ .,**--• •- '">V' IHSSERTATIO •; :->/ i^^ QVAM AP C0N8EQUEND0S AB ILLUSTRI UNIVERSrrATIS BEROLINENSIS PHILOSOPHORUM ORDINE SUMMOS IN FHILOSOPHIA HONORES ' •-- --*'' ^* V- ' -i%^;*;. .:.;> SCRirSIT rf^ -•-;|; FRIDERICUS STIEVE Ip^'-#^ M o ir S T E R 1 B ir S I s ^filfAmi HEGII PHILOLOGICI BEROLINENSIS ^^^^7^#-^- ^i^^-'";'--V' NtrPEB SOCIUS . .. A- • ... -y^V''"* . «yj ..j;>'-. •i .1;- y > :' ' ^^ - ^?*^^^*" -'" ''^ ' "* ;,:.:=^EROLI]VI "'^w:*'V^-w.v : ^ TTris GODOrn. caroi.. va.vckii. '*«•-,.--'^;KkT- ?^p^"''*;-MDCCQpCXVIIL "*-' «.,-:.-'•«*••''-;•.• i--' . , >. ...... • . •%•. :.-*4^' ;;:..' .;•, . -.y^^^g^^fi-t .. .-:.-; W '3s^»'TTrfw^'v55R^>^^ |-:5i:.^>'^:1;:^^ 1^ m i i ; H. L. NADERMAJVNO GYMNASII MONASTERIENSIS DIRECTORI S.P. jLLem scenicam antujuorum populorum si quis eo consilio illustrandam sibi sum^erit, ut praesehtem studii fructum percipiaty artisque praecepta tjuae- stionibus suis collecta recentioribus fabularum au- ctoribus tradatj ille pro instituti sui ratione multo aptius Graecorum poetarum fabulas diligenter considerandas sibi eligety quam Romanorum, quippe qui in hoc quoque poesis genere Graecis arte in- feriores reperiantur. Sed qui singulas artis regu- las, quibus antiqui usi sinty nostris poetis vix ad- hiberi posse intelligity — nam Diversos diversa iuvant, non omnibus annis . — Omnia conveniunt quique hominum ingenio magis dignum existimat cognoscerCf quod fuerit antiquorum hominum inge- nium; huic etiam Romanae fahulae non conte- mnendae videburUur^ quum et illae ipsae et ratioy IV tfua belKcosus populus artem scenicam a Graecis accepit^ acceptamque excoluit, plurimum faciant ad ingenii Romanorum veram imaginem exprimen- dam. Quapropter hanc quoque antiquitatis per- vestigationem diu neglectam nostra aetate satis gravem viri docti hahuerunt, vitasque veterum poe- tarum, qui primi Romae Jahulas docuerinty scri- berCy eorum fragmenta denuo colligerey quo diffe- rant singula fahularum genera explicare, quid iu tragoediis et comoediis componendis Romani sua Musa effecerinty exponere coeperunt. De origine autem ludorum scemcorum nemo^ quod equidem sciamy ne testimonia quidem veterum omnia con- gessit, PlureSy qui sive in annotaiionihus ad vete- rum scriptorum editioneSy sive in quaestionihus de Romanorum poetis ad hunc locum deferehantur^ ne in rebus subsecivis extra provinciam evagari viderentur, satis hahehant laudasse quae ab Hot ratio (Epp.II.l.) et Livio (ni.2.) de priscis ludis Romanis tradita leguntur. Quum vero hanc quae^ stionem latius patere iudicaremy quam ut paucis absolvi possety et multa quae apud veteres auctoh res de ludorum scenicorum origine passim narran" tur, collectis demum omnibus testimoniis intelligi posse viderem, facturum me operae pretium existi- macif si hanc antiquitatis partem singulari libro uberius et accuratius explicandam mihi sumserim, Cui argumento ut satisfaceremy tria potissimum consideranda mihi videbantur: primum^ quibus lu- dis usi sint prisci Romani, antequam Etruscorum arte accepta novum delectationis genus appeterent; quumque Lucretiiy Horaiii aliorumque sententiisy qui- hus natura illorum ludorum breviter adumbratur, rem non satis expediri putaremy addidi locum de diebus festisy quibus ioca scenica excerceri sole- hantf ut singuUs institutis cognitis, omrdum raiio reciius perspiceretur. Secundo capite comprehen- duntur initia artisy quae ab Etruscis sallatoribus Romae instituta, deinde ab iuvenibus Romanis ex- ceptay etiam tum servabantur, quum iam fabulae ad Graecorum morem compositae Romae specta- rentur; et hic quidem de fabulis Atellanis dicen- dum erat. Teriio capite disserui de Livio Andro- nico, cui Graecae ariis scenicae originem Grae- casque fabulas Romani debent. Sipro voluntatCy Vir Praestantissimey res mihi cessissetf neque festinanti eadem conditione uien' dum fuissety qua musico illij cui non semper chorda sonum reddit, quem vult manus et menSy Posentique gravem persaepe remittit acutum. VI aliquanto dignius pietatis erga te documentum of- ferre tihi possem. Nunc res aliter cecidit: nam cunctantem me et duhitantem^ quomodo singula optime enarrentur^ munus puhlicum in Gymnasio Arnshergensi susceptum et iamiam administrandum continuo impellit, ut ad finem properem. Quare siforte quaedam parum enucleate et eleganter ex- posita tihi videhuntur^ oratum te velim, primum, ut boc incommodum non mihi sed temporihus meis trihuaSj tum ut donum hoc iihi, qui primus veterum ingenia admirari eisque operam navare me docuistiy inscriptum, non tam iudices ex suo preiioy quam eximia mea in te voluntate et amore perpetuo. Vale et favel Scripsi Beroliniy mense Decemhri MDCCCxxriii. Fr. Stieve. DB REI SCENICAE APUD RO]VIANOS ORIGINE. H .- ... ,- . ,,,,,.,-5^-,,-,^. -J.:J^fr'' Cap. l. Artis cniusdam apud veleres Graecos aut Romanos originem investigaturo maxima plerumque inde nasci- tur difficultas, quod, quae probari possunt certis au- ctorum testimoniis, artem magna ex parte iam per- feclam et quasi lato profundoque iam fluentem alveo nobis monstrant, ita ut non appareat, unde provene- rint rivuli varii, qui coniuncti undas praebent fluvio. Hos autem rivulos ad fontes usque persequatur ne- cesse est, qui veram et perfectam oculis proponere studet artis imagineni) ex qna colligatur quale fuerit veterum ingenium, et quomodo ad illud quod vidcmus perfectionis fastigium pervenerinl. Descendendum ita- que est trans verae historiae indicia in fabularum re- giones, quae densa nebula involvunt artium initia, et cautum quoque pedcm saepe fallunt. Omnes enim artes ingenuae tam antiquae sunt quam deorum cultus, ac reverentia erga numen divinum et mater ct nulrix earum vere praedicatur. „Quum primum, ait Tran- quillus apud Isidorum VII. 7«, bomines exula feritate rationcm vitae babcre coepissent, seque ac deos sut)s nosse, cultum modicum et scrmonem necessarium com- menti sibi, utriusque magnificentiam ad religionom dco- rum suorum excogitaverunt. Igitur ut templa illis do- mibus pulcriora faciebant, ita eloquio etiam quasi augustiore bonorandos putaverunt, laudesque eorum et verbis illustrioribus et iucundioribus numeris extule- runt." Quod bic Tranquillus de arle loquendi et car- 1 '???; minibus dcos laudandi dicit, codem iure dc ceteris artibus contenditur: ex quo deum cssc summum ingc- nium homines sentiebant, ingcnii opcribus eum vene- rabantur. Praecipuc ex deorum cultu originem ducit ars scenica, et haec intimo vinculo cum religione coniuncta per longum annorum spatium, quum ccterae artes pau- latim fontis oblltae novas sibi quaercrent exercitatio- nis vias, fidelis pcrseveravit festorum cultrix dierum. Qnam ob causam ctiam cvidentiiis de hac quam de ceteris monstrari posse confido, eam auctam ct excul- tain cssc codem successu, quo religio ipsa et cogita- tiones dc numine divino, amplificato hominum intel- lectu, incrementum caperent, et ad ahiorem tollcren- tur gradum. Hunc autem locum gratissimum, quo evincitur, artem scenicam apud cos, qui soli eius auc- torcs vere habentur, Graecos dico, non temere orlam et auctam cssc, sed crevisse eadem lcge et ratione, qua rerum divinarum cognitio et philosophiae studium, silentio praetermittendum censeo, utpotc qni situs sit extra provinciam meam. De Romanis idem vix dici poicst, quum hanc artem non crearent sibi ex animi sui natura, sed perfectam a Graecis accipe- rcnt. Prima quidem initia dramatis, qnoad dc iis iu- dicare possumns, apud utrumque popuhim fere cadem aut sahcm simiha snnt; quos enim apud Romanos invcnimus ludos agricolarnm, eosdem Graeciae anti- quos incolas in Racchi honorem inslitnissc pro ccrto affirmari potcst; at vcro quod post illas nngas Graeci, genlum suum seqnentes, appetiverunt, ut ad eximiam artera progredercntur, idem Romanis non contigit, qui radia initia parum modo immatata ctiam tum tcnebant. ?W' quum Graeci, perfecto suo opere, iam nihil addere poterant. Graecis Melpomene Arionem, Epigenem, 1'hespin et Phrynichnm dedit dramatnm auctores (cfr. Boeckh. in Oeconomia civitatis Athenicnsium tom. II. p. 361, sqq. et Fr. Thiersch. ad Pintl. I. p. I5l, sqq.), qui chorum docehant dilhyramho primum Bacchi dein Adrasti aliorumque deorum ct heroum facta et virtu- tes celehrare, donec postea addito histrione drama prodihat; Romanorum consueludinem Musae diu vita- vernnt, et ante Livium Andronicum nemo popnlum Romanum altiora in re dramatica petere incitavit. Quicunque popnlus non quaerit quod est, scd quod prodest, nunquam ex se artes ingcnnas pro- creabit. Haec autem est conditio Romanorum, et hac mente ad omnes artes accesserunt, ut contemnerent, unde nec sihi nec rei publicae emolumentum praesens sperarent, quum Graeci quod bonnm et pnlcrnm existimarent, nullam aliam ob causam summa omninm virium conlentione dignum haberent. „In summo apud illos, confiletur Ciccro Tuscul. I. 2. 5., honore geome- tria fuit: itaque nihil mathematicis ilkistrius. At nos metiendi raliocinandique utilltate huius artis tcrmi- navimus modum." Senes Romanorum expertia frugis damnabant, tcste Horatio ad Pis. 341-, et pueri ad lu- crum animadvertcre docebantur: Graiis ingenium, Graiis dedit ore rotundo Musa loqui, praeter laudem nulhus avaris. Romani pueri longis ralionibus assem Discunt in partes centum diducere. — Graeci excellentes in quavis arte viros honore do- nahant ; Romani ex urbe eiiciebant philosophos et rhe- tores; et Augusti adeo actatc conqueritur Ovidius: 4 Nunc hederae sine honore iacent: operataque doctis Cura vigil Mnsis nomen inertis habet. Graeci theatra visitabant, et Olympiam profecti no- bilissimos viros et ipsos reges splendidis quadrigis
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