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Moziydan Sado 3 (43) 2009 M 0 7 IYDA N ^ / к | Л f % ECHO OF HISTORY u M I * * 1 ЭХО ИСТОРИИ 1 СЕНТЯБРЬ - ЎЗБЕКИСТОН РЕСПУБЛИКАСИ МУСТАҚИЛЛИГИ КУНИ 1 СЕНТЯБРЯ - ДЕНЬ НЕЗАВИСИМОСТИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН SEPTEMBER 1 - THE INDEPENDENCE DAY OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN N A TIO N A L ЎЗШИСТ0Н UNIVERSITY ИЙИЙ OF UZBEKISTAN УИИК»СИТ!ТИ П9УМШ www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi ТОШКЕНТ TASHKENT ТАШКЕНТ Жаҳон цивилизацияси ривожига улкан ҳисса қўшган, ҳақли равишда «Шарқ дарвозаси» деб ном олган, халқимизнинг ғурур-ифтихори бўлмиш азим пойтахтимиз Тошкент шаҳрининг миллий давлатчилигимиз тарихида ва ижтимоий-сиёсий ҳаётимиздаги ўрни ва аҳамияти беқиёсдир. Ислом КАРИМОВ В истории национальной государственности и общественно- политической жизни страны огромна роль и значение столицы нашей Родины - города Ташкента, внесшего большой вклад в развитие мировой цивилизации, по праву называемого «Воротами Востока». Ислам КАРИМОВ The role and value of the capital of our Native land - Tashkent city which made huge contribution to development of world civilization in history of national statehood as well as political life of the country and named by right “Eastern Gate”. Islam KARIMOV www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi «МОЗИЙ - ИСТИҚБОЛИМИЗНИНГ ТАРОЗИСИДИР». Илмий-амалий, маънавий- Маҳмудхўжа Беҳбудий маърифий, рангли журнал 1999 йилдан чоп этила бошлади. Уч ойда бир марта ўзбе к-и нгл из-рус MOZIYDAN тилларида чикали О А ЕСНО OF H|STORY БОШ МУҲАРРИР ЭХО ИСТОРИИ Зафар ҲАКИМОВ 3.(43).2009 ТАҲРИРҲАЙЪАТИ Дилором АЛИМОВА ТАЪСИСЧИЛАР: Ўзбекистон Республикаси Шодмон ВОҲИДОВ Мадапият ва спорт ишлари вазирлиги, Анатолий САГДУЛЛАЕВ Бахтиёр САЙФУЛЛАЕВ Бадиий академияси, Матбуот ва ахборот агентлиги Темир ШИРИНОВ Усмон ҚОРАБОЕВ Нозим ҲАБИБУЛЛАЕВ УШБУ СОНДА: Акбар ҲАКИМОВ Маҳмуджон ҲАСАНОВ Эдвард РТВЕЛАДЗЕ Саидбек ҲАСАНОВ ТОШКЕНТ. ТАРИХ ЙЎЛЛАРИДА.......................... Г...........................2 Шодмон ҲУСАЙНЗОДА ЖАМОАТЧИЛИК XIX АСР ТОШКЕНТ ҲУКМДОРЛАРИ................................................ 5 КЕНГАШИ Роберт АЛМЕЕВ Бахтиёр ЭРГАШЕВ Мариника БОБОНАЗАРОВА ҲУЖЖАТЛАРДА ТОШКЕНТ ШАҲРИ ТАРИХИ ........................ 10 Исмоил БОТИРОВ Неъмат ПОЛВОНОВ Равшан МАНСУРОВ XIX АСР ОХИРИ - XX АСР БОШЛАРИДА Зокиржон МАШРАБОВ ТОШКЕНТ АҲОЛИСИ ........................................................................ 12 Нўъмонжон МАХМУДОВ Наби ХУШВАҚТОВ Акбар ҲАКИМОВ Иброҳим ЮСУПОВ ТОШКЕНТНИНГ БАДИИЙ МАДАНИЯТИ................................... 14 Равшан МАНСУРОВ Инглиз тили мухаррири ҚАЙТА ҚАД КЎТАРГАН ОБИДАЛАР.............................................23 Гулхумор РАҲИМОВА Баходир НУРМУҲАММАД Бош рассом ТОШКАНД МУЗАХОНАСИ................................................................. 30 Дилмурод ИРГАШЕВ Лариса ЛЕВТЕЕВА ТОШКЕНТ МУЗЕЙЛАРИ......................................................................32 ТАҲРИРИЯТ МАНЗИЛИ: 100129. Тошкент ш., Баходир КАРИМ Навоий кўчаси, 30. ШАҲАРНИНГ МАЪНАВИЙ КЎРКИ .......................................... 36 Тел.: 244-34-65,244-74-19. Факс: 244-74-19. Сабухи АҲМЕДОВ АМИР ТЕМУР ВА ОЗАРБАЙЖОН ................................................... 38 E-mail: [email protected] Камол МАТЁҚУБОВ ТОШКЕНТ БОЗОРЛАРИ .................................................................... 43 Индекс: 1047-шахсий обуначипар, 1048-ташкилотлар учун. Татьяна СЕДИХ ҚАЛБ ХОТИРАСИ .............................................................................. 46 O'ZB.-GERM. MCHJ «КАМALAK-PRINT» Хпмив - Ўзбекистоп Республикаси Маданинт «и спорт uuitapu «атрлиеипинг МоМии мерос обкектларини муҳофаш қилиш на босмахонасида чоп этилди. улардин фойдиланиш ИИЧККси Буюртма№ 140 * ★ W Спонсор - Глав ЦПУ по охране и испачыовапшо объектов кулкшурносо Адади 1500. наследия Министерства по делам культуры и спорта РУ% * * * Sponsor - Support from the GS&PM on protection and usage of objects of cultural heritage o f Ministry o f cultural and sports affulrs o f the ISSN 2010-5258 Republic o f Uzbekistan шгираси» музейи К К 9Z G O Инв: Мй УЬЬ": www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi Тошкент тарихи, айникса, кадимги ва илк ўрта аср дав- ри тўғрисида ёзма маълумотлар кўп эмас, бирок бу ерда ТАШКЕНТ. ДОРОГАМИ ИСТОРИИ аниқланган юздан ортик турли вактларга оид кадимшунослик Сведения письменных источников об истории Ташкента, в осо­ёдгорликлари тадкиқотлари қозирок замонавий Тошкент бенности древнего и раннесредневекового периода, незначительны,ҳудудидаги шаҳар хаётининг юзага келиши, тикланиши ва однако исследования разновременных археологических памятни­ривожланишининг асосий босқичларини кўп жиҳатдан куза- ков, которых здесь выявлено более ста, позволяют уже сейчас тишво имконини беради. многом проследить основные этапы возникновения, становления и Қадимда Тошкент воҳасини кенг ўзлаштириш хакидаги развития городской жизни на территории современного Ташкента. ёзма манба маълумотларида (Геродот - мил. авв. VI аср, О широком освоении Ташкентского оазиса в древности известно и по сведениям письменных источников (Геродот - VI в. до н.э., Бехи-Доро I нинг Биқистун ёзуви - мил. авв. VI аср) бу ер- стунская надпись Дария I - VI в. до н.э.), называвших его население ларнинг ақолиси “Суғд ортидаги саклар”, “Яксарторти «саки, которые за Согдом», «заяксартские (засырдарьинские) саки»(Сирдарё и орти) саклари” ва “хаома кайнатувчи саклар” «саки, варящие хаому», в «Авесте» их называют обитателями леген­деб аталган, “Авесто”да улар афсонавий Турон мамлака- дарной страны Туран - воинами-турами. Не исключено, что именноти одамлари - жангчи турлар дейилган. Айнан шу ерда здесь находилась священная Канха Авесты Кантдиз, находит свое Авесто Кандиснинг мукаддас Канхаси топилгани истисно подтверждение в названии городища Канки вблизи Аккургана. этилмайди, бу Оққўрғон якинидаги Канка шахарчаси но- Древний город Минг-Урюк. Площадь около 40 га. Город вклю­мида хам ўз тасдиғини топади. чал крепость-цитадель, окруженную оборонительной стеной, шах-Қадимги Мингўрикшаҳри. Май дон и 40 га. lilaxap мудофаа ристан, дворцовый комплекс и ремесленную округу. В цитаделидевори билан куршалган истехком, шахристон, сарой маж- Минг-Урюк размещался дворец правителя и культовый комплекс. муи ва ҳунармандлар қароргохидан иборат бўлган. Мингўрик Парадные залы дворца правителя были украшены монументальной истеҳкомида хукмдор саройи ва сигиниш хонаси жойлашган. настенной росписью. В пределах стен шахристана жили не только городская знать, но и ремесленники, купцы. Город пережил несколь­Ҳукмдор саройи кошоналари хашамдор деворий накшу ни- ко столетий (со II в. до н.э. до X в. н.э.), но наивысшего расцветагорлар билан безатилган. Шахристон деворлари ичида фақат он достиг в V - VIII вв., когда политическое положение Чача (такшаҳар зодагонлари эмас, балки савдогарлар ва хунармандлар называли Ташкент в средневековых китайских источниках) былохам яшашган. Шахар бир неча аср умр кўрган (мил. авв. II достаточно устойчивым. Его представители ездили ко дворцу со­асрдан то милодий X асргача), аммо у V-VIII асрларда Чоч- гдийского правителя (что отражено в настенной живописи дворцанинг сиёсий мавқеи (ўрга аср хитой манбаларида Тошкент ана на Афрасиабе), а также в Китай и другие страны. шундай аталган) анча баркарор бўлган вактда энг гуллаган Обнаруженные в Ташкенте замки-храмы, некрополи свиде­даврига етишган. Унинг вакиллари суғд хукмдори саройига тельствует о наличии различных религиозных верований. Там,(Афросиёб саройи деворий суратларида акс эттирилган), шу- как сообщают китайские хроники, поклонялись духу Дэси, огню, нингдек, Хитой ва бошқа мамлакатларга борганлар. земному духу, небесному божеству, духу неба, предкам. Беруни Тошкентда топилган қалъа-эҳромлар, даҳмалар турли указывал, что согдийцы поклонялись огню, и у них был распро­ динлар мавжуд бўлганидан гувохлик беради. Хитой йил- странен культ мертвых и Сиявуша - умирающего и воскресшего бога растительности. номаларидан маълум бўлишича, Дэси рухига, оловга, ер Чач-Шаш-Бинкат-Ташкент. В IX в. столица Шаша переме­ руҳига, фаришталарга, осмон руҳига, аждодлар руҳига шу стилась с Минг-Урюка на запад, на канал Бозсу и Калькауз, где воз­ ерда сиғинганлар. ник новый населенный пункт, превратившийся в скором времени Чоч—Шош—Бинкат-Тошкент. IX асрда пойтахт в самый крупный город региона, именуемый письменными источ­Мингўрикдан ғарбга, Бўзсув ва Калковуз каналига кўчган, никами Бинкатом. В этот период появляется большое количествохудудда янги аҳоли маскани вужудга келиб, у тез орада Шош- поселений и феодальных усадеб. Они известны сейчас как тепа нинг энг йирик шаҳрига айланган ва у ёзма манбаларда Бин- Шахнишин, Кукча, Калляхона, Танышхар. кат деб аталган. Бу даврда кўплаб тураржой манзилгохдари 2 www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi 3.(43).2009MOZIYDAN SADO ва ер эгаларининг кўрғонлари пайдо бўлади. Улар ҳозир ТепаTASHKENT. ROADS OF HISTORY Шоҳнишин, Кўкча, Каллахона, Танишхар каби номлар билан машхур. Data of written sources on history of Tashkent, in particular the ancient and medieval periods, are insignificant. However, researches of Сомонийлар хукмронлиги даврида Шош, айникса, Илок different-timed archeological monuments, which were discovered here кумуш-кўрғошин конлари очилипш муносабати билан катта more than a hundred, in many respects allow to track already now the сиёсий ақамият касб этган. Мовароуннахрнинг бошка вило- basic stages of occurrence, origination and development of a city life in ятлари орасида куйидаги далил Шошнинг юқори салмоғиданthe temtory of modem Tashkent. дарак бера олади: бутун Суғд Халифалик хазинасига 326 минг Wide development of the Tashkent oasis was known in antiquity дирхам, Шош эса - 607 минг дирхам хирож тўлаб турган. and according to written sources (Herodotus - the 6th century
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