1088 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JA.NUARY14.

,"".r·. BACON. Not at all. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the .tu. Union, suppress insurrections, an~ repel inv~sion!'l. . .. Mr. SPOONER. But Congress is given the power to mare1 To provide for organizing, armmg, and dtsclplmln$ the IOJlttia, and rules-"·rules f01' the gove1'nment and 1·egulation of the land for governing such part of them as may be employea in the service. of and naval for·ces." The Senator does not mean to be understood the United States, reserving to the. States, r~spectively, .t!J~ appomt­ ment of the officers, and the authonty of trammg the mtlttta accord­ that under that the power of Congress bas no limit? Does the ing to the discipline prescribed by Congress. Senator think Congress has the power to pass a law requiring · I say that all those general grants of power, endeavoring to the commanding general, if he is at the head of the Army, to reach every phase of the important things which relate to the keep his office and remain in Washington? · raising of armies and to the government of armies, are laid 1\fr. BACON. That would not be for the government of the down in this succession of provisions in a way which, to my Army. That would be for the government of the Commander in mind clearly points to the purpose of the framers of the Con­ Chief. stitution that the great power which would be lodged in one Mr. SPOONER. Now, that would not be a 1·ule for the gov- man if he llad the power to wield an army without restriction ernment of the Army, would it? · should be denied. to the President and should be given the Con- Mr. BACON. No; that would be in regard to the exercise of gress. and that the sole, indefeasible grant of power given to his constitutional powers. him ~as that he should be Commander in Chief. to exercise Mr. SPOONER. Congress did that. that great office subject to the superior power of Congress to Mr. BACON. Congress drd that? prescribe the rules for the government and regulation of the Mr. SPOONER. It enacted a law that the President should Army. "Government," I repeat, is a term which can not be transmit all orders to the Army through the General of the qualified. It is complete and entire and does not mean partial Army, that the General of the Army sho~ld rema~n in Washing- government. ton and that his headquarters should be m Washington. . The Senator from Wisconsin will pardon me for having tres- i\lr. BACON. That was in the time of Andrew Johnson. passed so much upon his time. 1\fr. SPOONER. Yes. 1\lr. SPOONER. Congress may locate a fort in the State of 1\fr. BACON. I am inclined to think that Congress was within Georgia. can Congress pass an act providing that certain its riO'ht and its power when it did that. It may have been very h·oops sllall be assigned to that fort? poor policy and influenced by a very improper motive. Mr. BACON. I have not the slightest doubt of it; not a par- . Mr. SPOONER. Then Congress may provide what troops ticle. may be sent to this State or to that? Mr. SPOONER. What is there to this Commander in Chief? 1\fr. BACON. I think so, most undoubtedly. 1\fr. BACON. The Commander in Chief is to command the Mr. SPOONER. Or what troops shall be sent upon this serv- Army, subject to the power of the Congress to prescribe wllat ice and what upon the other? shall be done in its government. The government of an army , 1\Ir. BACON. Undoubtedly. · refers as much to where it shall be located as to what uniform Mr. SPOONER. And what ships shall be sent to the South it sllall wear. Atlantic and what shall be sent somewhere else? Mr. SPOONER. I mean particular troops. . 1\Ir. BACON. I would not hesitate for a moment to answer Mr. BACON. I am speaki~g of particular troops. Congress ·"yes" to that. . can prescribe that the uniform of the artillery shall be red-- Mr. SPOONER. If the President should make an order as Mr. SPOONER. Of course. Commander in Chief assigning an officer to a State, could Con- l\Ir. BACON. And the uniform of the cavalry yellow or buff. gress revoke it? l\lr. SPOONER. I admit all that. 1\Ir. BACON. Undoubtedly it might. Now, if the Senator l\Ir. BACON. It may prescribe that_there shall be so many will pardon me just a moment-- troops in this place and that many in the other. 1\lr. SPOONER. Before he passes away from this interesting With all due respect and the greates~ regard for the judgment point I should like to have the Senator inform me what power of the Senator from Wisconsin, I beg to say that I have never the President has beyond the reach of Congress as Commander heard on the floor of the Senate a doctrine wllicb, to my mind, in Chief of the land and naval forces of the United States. was more dangerous to the institutions of this country than the . 1\Ir. BACON. As the Senator invites it, I will answer in the doch·ine that the President of the United States has any power same spirit. . in the use of the Army which can not be controlled by the law- Mr. SPOONER. Yes; on the basis of his argument. making power of the land, except the power to command. Mr. BACON. My opinion, Mr. President, as to the power of Mr. ALDRICH. Mr. President-- the Commander in Chief is this: I do not think every power ex- - The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Wisconsin erci. ed by the Commander in Chief must be dictated by Con- yield to the Senator from Rhode lsi nd? gres . I think there are certain natural functions of a com- Mr. SPOONER. Certainly. mamler in chief which, in the absence of restrictions on the Mr. ALDRICH. It is very evident that the Senator from part of Congress, any commander in chief can exercise-those Wisconsin will not be able to complete his remarks this even- . which are usually exercised. But at the same time I think there ing, and I should like to ask him if it would be agreeable to him is none which can not be restricted or controlled by Congress. now to yield to a motion to adjourn? If the Senator will ·pardon me for a moment-! fear that I Mr. SPOONER. I yield for that purpose. tre pass unduly upon his time, but I ~~11 take the time, with 1\fr. ALDRICH. I move that the Senate adjourn. his permission-just to state the proposition that all the clauses The motion was agreed to; and (at 5 o'clock and 32 minutes of the Constitution in connection with the grant of power to p. m.) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, Tuesday, January Congress which I have just read indicate the very great solicitud_e 15, 1907, at 12 o'clock meridian. and earnest intention on the part of the framers of the Consb- bltion to take away from any one man the power to wield the Army independently of Congress; and even so jealous were they HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. of the power that they were not willing even that Congre~s should have an undue exercise of that power, but. tJ:tat,, as m MoNDAY, January 14,1907. the case of the limitation of the length of appropnabons, they The House met at 12 o'clock noon. must go back to the people every two years for the purpose of Praver by the Chaplain, Rev. HENRY N. CounEN, D. D. getting that which alone can sustain an army. N?w, let ?le The· Journal of the proceedings of Friday last were read and read those several propositions for the purpose ?f 1~Iustratmg approved. the position that the evident purpose of the Constitution was to take away from any one man the dangerous power of unre­ ESTELLE CATHBINE WASSON. strained control and government of the Army. They had too Mr. CASSEL. Mr. Speaker, I present the following privi­ much reason to fear and to dread it. leged report from the Committee on Accounts. 1\fr. SPOONER. I do not contend for that. The Clerk read resolution No. 654, as follows: Mr. BACON. In the enumeration of the many powers ?f R esolved, That the Clerk of the Ho~se is here~y authorized and di­ rected to pay 1\!rs. --- Wasson, wtdow of William II. II. Wasson, Congress, the greatest enumeration of powers to be found m deceased. late assistant journal clet·k on th~ rolls of ,the Clerk of the any written document from the days of l\lagna Charta or pre­ House of Rept·esentatives, a sum equal ~o stx months pay at the rate vious to that time to the present day-among this great enumer­ of compensation received by him at the bme of his death, and a further sum not exceeding $250 on account of the funeral expenses of said ation of powers are these: will'iam H. H. Wasson, ~aid amounts to be paid out of the contlngent To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules fund of the House. concernino- captures on land and water. . To rais'e and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that The committee amendment was read, as follows : use shall be for a lQnger term than two years. . In line 2 insert in the blank space "Estelle Cathrine." To provide and maintain a navy. . To make rules for the government and regulatwn of the land and The amendment was considered and agreed to. Daval forces. The resolution as amended was agreed to. · 1907. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1089

BERT W. KENNEDY. H. R. 17481. An act granting a pension to Eliza F. Wadsworth; l\.lr. CASSEL. Mr. ·speaker, I also present the following H. R.17918. An act granting a pension to Walter S. Harman; privileged report from the Committee on Accounts. H. R. 19483. An act granting a pension to Lydia A. Patnaude; The Clerk read as follows : H. R. 1871. An act granting an increase of pension to Alonzo RESOLUTION NO. 669. Cooper; H. R. 2715. An act granting an increase of pension to Charles Resol1;ed, That there shall be paid out of the contingent fund of the House mi-scellaneous items, fiscal years 1907 and 1908, 8ayable in equal Martine; monthly installments, a sum equal to the rate of $50 per annum as H. R. 3338. An act granting an increa·se of pe~sion to Lafay­ additional compensation to Bert W. Kennedy, as assistant doorkeeper of ette Franks ; the House, until his salary, at the rate of $2,500 per annum, . shall be otherwise provided for by law. H. R. 4205. An act granting an increase of pension to ~anda · The resolution· was considereu and agreed to. W. Ritchie; H. R. 4689. An act granting an increase of pension to Ja~es MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE. Reeder; A message from the Senate, by Mr. PLATT, one of its clerks, H. R. 4690. An act granting an increase o~ pension to AndTew announced that the "Senate had passed the following resolution: J. Slinger; Resol~d, That the Secretary be directed to furnish.. to the House of H. R. 4707. An act granting an incre-ase of pension to John H. Representatives, in compliance with its request, a duplicate engrossed Pitman; copy of the" bill ( S. 4926) for the relief of Etienne De P. Bujac. H. R. 5728. An act granting an increase of pension to William The message also announced that the Senate had :::greed to Harvey; House concurrent resolution -48, requesting the President to H. R. 5846. An act granting an increase of pension to John M. return the bill (H. R. 18214) granting an increase of pension to Chandler; john Ingram. H. R. 6956. An act granting an increase of pension to Hem·y The message also announced that the Senate had agreed to L. Johnson; the amendment of tile House ·of Representatives to the bin ( S. H . R. 7580. An act granting an increase of pension to James 5001) granting an increase of pension to Louis A. Baird. W. Stewart; The message also announced that the Senate had passed Sen­ H. R. 7719. An act granting an increase of pension to George ate concurrent resolution 36, relative to printing testimony taken Fetterman; in the investigation pursuant to Senate resolution of June 25, IT. R. 8273. An act granting an increase of pensipn to John l\1. 1906; directing the Interstate Commerce Commission to make a Pearson; thorough investigation of the elevator and grain buying and II. R. 8481. An act granting an increase of pension to Richard forwarding business of this country to determine to what extent Callaghan; special favors have been granted to them by railro~d companies, H. R. 8712. An act granting an increase of pension to Josiah etc. Hall; The message also announced that the Senate had passed bills H. R. 9262. An act granting an increase of pension to Thomas of the following titles; in which the concurrence of the House J. Farrar; of Representatives was requested: · H. R. 9836. An act granting an increase of pension to Dier , S. 7675. An act to establish a fish-cultural station on the Ken­ Collett; nebec River, in the State of l\faine; and H. R. 11142. An act granting an increase of pension to James S. 976. An act granting pensions to certain enlisted men, sol­ McQuade; diers, and officers who served in the civil war and the war H . R. 12128. An act granting an increase of pension to Dennis with Mexico. A. Litzinger; The message also announced that the Senate had pa sed with­ H. R. 12190. An act granting an increase of pension to Milton out amendment joint resolution an~ bill of the following titles: R. Dungan; H. J. Res. 214. Joint resolution to provide for the printing of H. R. 12339. An act granting an increase of pension to Charles 16,000 copies of Senate Document No. 144, Fifty-ninth Congress, T. Murray; second · session ; and H. R. 12482. An act granting an increase of pension to Samuel H. R. 14811. ·An act to authorize George T. Houston and Frank B. McLean ; B. Houston to construct and operate an electric railway over H. R. 12667. .An act granting an increase of pension to Charles the national cemetery road at Vicksburg, Miss. W. Weber; MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDEr T OF THE U ITED STATES. H. R.13057. An act granting an increase of pension to. James A message, in writing, from the President of the United States S. Salsberry ; was communicated to the House of Representatives by Mr. ll. R. 14199. An act granting an- increase of pension to John LATTA, one of his secretaries, who also informed the House of Ewing; Representatives that the President had approved and signed bills H. R. 14480. An act granting an increase of pension to l\lary · and joint resolutions of the following titles: C. Moore; On January 8, 1907: H. R. 14537. :An act g1~anting an increase of _pension to Robert H. R. 21678. An act to provide for the extension of time within B. Crawford; which homestead entrymen may establish their residence upon H. R. 14680. An act granting an increase of pension to Samp­ certain lands which were heretofore a part of the Crow Indian son Parker; Reservation, within the counties of Yellowstone and Rosebud·, H. R. 15619. An act grantin_g an increase of pension to Samuel in the State of Montana. W. Atkinson; · On January 12, 1907 : IT. R. 15620. An. act granting an increase of pension to David B. J. Res. 196. Joint resolution relating to the construction of D. Owens; a bridge at Fort Snelling, Minn. ; · H. R. 15713. An act granti_ng an increase of pe~ion to Wil­ · H. R. 4554. An act to remove the charge of absence without liam McCrea ; leave and reported desertion from the military record of J. F. H. R. 16211. An act granting an. increase of pensiqn to John Wisnewski ; · W. ·Montgomery; B. R. 21200. An act to authorize the county of Allegheny, in H. R. 16397. An act granting an increase of pension to Allie the State of Pennsylvania, to construct a bridge across the Alfe- Williams; gheny River, in Allegheny County, Pa; · H. R. 16513. An act granting an increase of pension to Bridget H. R. 21408. An act to amend an act entitled "An act to regu­ ~~~; . late the keeping of employment agencies in the District of Co­ H. R. 16741. An act granting an increase of pension to Wil- lumbia where fees are charged for procuring employment or sit­ liam J. Girvan; ' uations," approved June 19, 1906; H. R. 16748. An act granting an increase of pension to Lucius H. R. 2315. An act granting a pension to Miranda Birkhead; C. Fletcher ; H. R. 2978. An act granting a pension to Amanda M. Webb; H. R. 16856. An act granting an increase of pension to Joseph H. R. 4292. An act granting a pension to George W. Kelley ; · McBride; H. R. 9107. An act granting a pension to James W. Russell; H. R. 17651. An act granting an increase of pension to Mary H. R. 9465. An act granting a pension to Ella Q. Parrish ; A. -Riley; _ H. R.10814. An act granting a pension to Eugene A. Myers; H. R. 17675. An act granting an increase of pension to Jon as · H.·R. 11483. An act granting a pension to Maria Niles; · M. Sees; . H. R. 12517. An act granting a pension to William Bays ; H. R. 17691. An act granting an increase of pension to George H. R.14144. An ·act granting a pension to Allen M. Cameron; W. Henrie; H. R. 16342. An act" granting a pension to Matilda Foster; H. R. 17874. An act granting an incre~se of pension to Rose­ H. R. 16747. An act granting a pension to Sherman Jacobs; anna Hughes ; XLI--69 1090 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. JANUARY 14,

H. R. 18018. An act granting an increase of pension to David H. R.19514. An act granting an increase of pension to James Evans; H. Stimpson ; · H. R. 18045. An act granting an incre..'lse of pension to John II. R. 19529. An act granting an increase of pension to Nancy M. Webb; Elizabeth Hutcheson; H. R. 18066. An act granting an increase of pension to Alex­ H . R. 19530. An act granting an increase of pension to Charles ander M. Fergus ; P. Gray; H. R. 18113. An act granting an increase of pension to Louisa H. R. 19534. An act granting an increase of pension to Noah M. Sees; Ressequie; H. R. 18193. An -act granting an increase of pension to Walden H. R. 19587. An act granting an increase of pension to Martha Kelly; Ann Jones; . H. R. 18227. An act granting an increase of pension to Catha­ H. R.19601. An act granting an increase of pension to John' rine F. Fitzgerald; E. Kingsbury; II. R. 18343. An act granting an increase of pension to John H. R. 19611. An act granting an increase of pension to Jacob N. Oliver; Kinkerly; II. R. 18363. An act granting an increase of pension to Ru­ H. B. 19626. An act granting an increase of pension to Samuel dolph Bentz ; Campbell; H . R. 18403. An act granting an increase of pension to Mary H. R. 19743. An act granting an ~crease of pension to W. P. Jane Ragan; McMichael; H. R. 18429. An act granting an increase of pension to David H. B. 19744. An act granting an increase of pension to George Mitchell; Caspar Homan Hummel, alias George C. Homan; H. R. 18493. An act granting an increase ·of pension to George H. R. 19819. An act granting an increase of pension to Johanna H. Reeder; Kearney; . H. R. 18705. An act granting an increase of pension to Thomas H. Jl. 19889. An act granting an incre~se of pension to John T. Page ; l\f. Melson ; and H. R. 18860. An act granting an increase of pension to An­ H. R. 19922. An act gTanting an increase of pension to Mary drew J. Anderson; A. Sutherland. · H. R. 19080. An act granting an increase of pension to Fred­ SENATE BILL AND RESOLUTION REFERRED. erick Fienop; Under clause 2, Rule XXIV, Senate bill and resolution of the H. R. 19101. An act granting an increase of pension to Sarah following titles were taken from the Speaker's table and re­ C. A. Scott; ferred to their appropriate committees, as indicated below: H. R. 19119. An act granting an increase of pension to Susan An act ( S. 7675) to establish a fish-cultural station on the 1\f. Osborn; Kennebec River, in the State of Maine-to the Committee on H. R. 19161. An act granting an increase of pension to Marcus the l\ferchant Marine and Fisheries. D. Tenney; Senate concurrent resolution 36: · II. R. 19162. An act granting an increase of pension to Charles Resolution relative to printing copies of the testimony taken Van Tine; in the investigation pursuant to Senate resolution of .Torre 25, H. R. 19174. An act granting an increase of pension to Martha 190G, directing the Interstate Commerce Commission to make A. Billings ; a thorough investigation of the elevator and grain buying and H. R. 19215. An act granting an increase of pension to John forwarding business of this country to determine to what ex­ Lingenfelder ; tent special favors have been granted to them by railroad ·com­ II. R. 19256. An act granting an increase of pension to Louisa panies, etc.-to the Committee on Printing. J. Birthright; H. R. 19293. An act granting an increase of pension to Wil­ ENROLLED B1LLS SIGNED. liam . Colvin ; Mr. W ACHTEB, from the Committee on Em·olled Bills, re­ . H. R. ·19298. An act granting an increase of pension to Job B. ported that they bad exari:J.ined and found truly enrolled bills Crabtree; and joint resolution of the following titles; when the SpeakeJ.• H. R. 19300. An act granting an increase of pension to Phebe signed th~ same : _ ~a ley i _ H. R. 189. An act to establish a life-saving station at the Isles II. R. 19318. An act granting an increase of pension to M~ry of Shoals, off Portsmouth, N. H. ;· E. Rivers; II. J . Res. 214. Joint resolution to provide for the printing of II. R. 19319. An act. granting an increase of pension to Eliza­ 16,000 copies of Senate Document No. 144, Fifty-ninth Congress, beth Spruell ; second session ; and H. R. 19320. An act granting an increase of pension to Louise H . R. 14811. An act to authorize George T. Houston and J. Pratt; Frank B. Houston to construct and operate an electric railway II. R. 19321. An act granting an increase of pension to Mary over the national cemetery road at Vicksburg, Miss. · E. Turner; ENROLLED BILLS PRESENTED TO THE PRESIDENT FOR HIS APPROVAL. H. R. 19322. An act granting ali increase of pehsion to Mary Isabella Rykard ; Mr. WACHTER, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, re­ H. R. 19323. An act gro..nting an increase of pension to Or­ ported that this day they had presented to the President of lando L. Levy ; the United States, for his approval, the following bills : H . R. 19324. An act granting an increase of pension to Susan H. R. 21202. An act fixing the time for homestead entrymen M. Long; on lands embraced in the Wind River or Shoshone Indian Res­ H. R. 19325. An act granting an increase of pension to George ervation to establish residence on same; and Oppel; . H . R. 21951. An act to authorize the Alabama, Tennessee and H. R. 1932G. An act granting an increase of pension to Mar­ Northern Railroad Company to construct a bridge across the garet R. ·Vandiver; ~ombigbee River, in the State of Alabama . . H. R. 19357. An act granting an increase of pension to Anna ADDITIONAL COMPENSATION FOR D~ARTMENT MESSENGER AND CLERK. Lamar Walker ; Mr. CASSEL. Mr. Speaker, by direction of the Committee on H . R. 19359. An act granting an increase of pension to Levi Accounts, I present the following privileged report.. Brader; The Clerk read as follows : H. R. 19404. An act granting an increase of pension to Elias Resolution No. 662. S. Falkenburg; Resolved, That there shall be paid, out of the contingent fund of the II. R. 1!»15. An act granting an increase of pension to Sarah House, miscellaneous items, fiscal year 1907, payable in equal monthly Ann Reavis; installments, the sum equal to the rate of 250 per annum as addi· An tional compensation to the Department messenger, the sum equal to tho H. R. 19416. act granting an increase of pension to Antonio rate of $500 per annum as ·additional' compensation to the superintend­ Macello; ent of the folding room of the House, the sum equal to the rate of $200 H. R. 19463. An act granting an increase of pension to Emma per annum as additional compensation to the chief clerk of the folding room of the House, the sum equal to the rate of 400 per annum as L. Patterson; additional compensation to each of the four clerks in the folding room H. R.19503. An act grantil;tg an increase of pension to David of the House, the sum equal to the rate of $300 per annum as addi· s~ Jones; tiona! compensation to the foreman of the folding room of the House, and the sum equal to the rate of $200 per annum as additional com­ II. R. 19504. An act granting an increase of pension to Mar­ pensation to the assistant Department messenger unless and until their garet E. Walker; salaries, respectively, at the increased rates herein authorized, shall be H. R. 19511. An act granting an increase of pension to Alex­ otherwise provided for by law. ander Dixson ; The resolution was considered, and agreed to. 1907. Q_ONGRESSIONl\.L _RECORD - HOUSE.

Mr. CASSEL. 1\Ir. Speaker, in December there was a resolu­ Mr. CASSEL. . Wby can not the assistant help to compare tion reported by the Committee on Accounts which was not them? · voted upon on account of the absence of a quorum. I would like l\Ir. CLARK of Missouri. Why, I would not want to be both­ to call up that resolution and call for a vote. ered with him if I were the enrolling clerk. The SPEAKER. The gentleman calls up the following un­ Mr. TAWNEY. If the gentleman will permit me, I would like· finished business, which the Clerk will report. to ask the gentleman from Pennsylvania how many clerks are. The Clerk read as follows : there now in the enrolling room? House Resolution No. 671. 1\Ir. CASSEL. As I understand only the Chief Clerk now. He R esolv ed, That thu.t-e shall be paid out of the contingent fund of the bas charge of that all, has be not? House for the services of an enrolling clerk a sum equal to the rate of Mr. TAWNEY. I know he has charge of it, but he has anum-. $3,000 per annum, and for the services of an additional assistant en­ ber of assistants. He has a number of clerks to aid in the coin.:. rolling clerk a sum equal to the rate of $1,800 per annum, payable, re­ spectively, in equal monthly installments, until their compensation at parison of bills. Of course they have to be compared, There. the rates herein authorized shall be provided for by law: .Provided, are bills there all the time, and when they are passing as many That the enrolling clerk for whose services payment out of the contin­ as 600 bills here in a day, all of which have to be enrolled, it. gent fund of the House is hereby authorized shall be in lieu of the en­ rolling clerk at $2,500 now authorized by law. keeps that force of clerks in that office busy all the time under · The SPEAKER. On December 19, when this resolution was the diection of the Chief Clerk. pending before the House, _there was no quorum on the ques­ 1\Ir. CLARK of Missouri. I desire to ask the gentleman from tion of agreeing to the resolution, and it comes over as unfin­ Minnesota [Mr. TAWNEY] a question or two. Since that con­ ished business. The question is now upon agreeing to the reso­ troversy .here in December I was amazed at being informed that lution. the enrolling force was in no way responsible for getting the Mr. CRUMPACKER. Mr. Speaker, I think those of us who $3,000,000 appropriation into that bill that had been voted out. were not here when the resolution was put up before the holi­ Now, if it is true I want to ask the gentleman from Minnesota days ought to know something about the resolution. I know who was responsible for that? that the question of the system of enrollments bas received at­ 1\Ir. TAWNEY. I understand the responsibility rests upon the tention by the House, but does this resolution contemplate a re­ Committee on Enrolled Bills, a committee of this House. form in the system of enrollments, a changing -of the methods, 1\Ir. CLARK of Missouri. Well, we had better raise thefr or what is its purpose? salaries then. 1,\Ir. CASSEL. Mr. Speaker, its purpose is to put an addi­ Mr. TAWNEY. No; the proposition here is: With the addi­ tional clerk in that office, so that they may not be overburdened tional assistant to assist the chief enrolling clerk in taking with work as they have been in the past, so that the mistakes charge of the enrollment of bills, will relieve the Committee on. which have been made in the past may be avoided in the future. Enrolled Bills, a.ild to some extent the clerks of the committee. ..Mr. CRUMPACKER. is that the only purpose of the resolu­ The Committee on Enrolled Bills has never met during this Con-. tion-simply to increase the clerical force of the enrolling di­ gress and did not meet during the last Congress. The comparison vision? which is supposed to be made in the Committee on Enrolled • Mr. CASSEL. That is all the authority ·that this committee Bills is made by the clerks employed by that committee. . has, to recommend the employment o·f additional clerks. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Now, bas the Committee on En- Mr. CRUMPACKER. Does not the resolution make an an­ rolled Bills a clerk or clerks? ' nual· clerk at $3,000 a year? :Mr. TAWNEY. They have clerks-two, I think. Mr. CASSEL. No; at $1,800; but it increases the salary· of Mr. CLARK of Missouri. If that committee never meet, ·what the present enrolling clerk from $2,500 to $3,000 per annum. in the name of heaven do they want with a committee clerk or l\Ir. CRUMPACKER. Increases the salary of the- present clerks? · clerk? Mr. TAWNEY. In order to make sure that no mistake of this Mr. CASSEL. Yes. kind will creep into the enrollment of bills. The clerks to the. Mr. CRUMPACKER. Does the gentleman know whether any committee operate as a check upon the clerks in the . enrolling committee of the House contemplates a plan for a general re­ room. This is virtually a double comparison, and necessarily form of the enrolling service? so, in order to insure accuracy. That is the object of it. So · 1\lr. CASSEL. I do not. The Clerk of the House has stated, with the additional assistant, I am informed by the Clerk of the however, to this committee that if this additional clerk is ap­ House and also by the chief of the enrolling room, he will then pointed they would be able to avoid all difficulties that they have a double check in his own department and not depend· so have had heretofore. , largely as be has to do and has done in the past upon the serv­ 1\fr.· CRUMPACKER. The gentleman thinks that if this reso­ ices of the clerks in the Committee on Enrolled Bills. lution is enacted it will so perfect the system of enrollments as :Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Now, hitherto have clerks in the to reduce the poss-ible mistakes to a minimum? enrolling room operated with the clerks -of the enrolling force 1\lr. CASSEL. I do. proper? Mr. CRUMPACKER. As good a system as can be devised? Mr. TAWNEY. No; they work independently. One operates 1\Ir. CASSEL. We do. as a check upon the other. 1\fr. CLARK of Missouri. 1\Ir. Speaker-­ Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Then, if the Enrolling Committee The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman yield? never meets,. what do the clerks do? Mr. CASSEL. I do. 1\lr. TA'VNEY . They make a compa~·ison of bills. Of course· Mr. CLARK of Missouri. What is the exact purpose that the the Committee o:p Enrolled Bills is not expected to meet for the gentleman has in mind this morning, I will ask the gentleman purpose of sitting down and ma~ing comparison of all the b·ills from Pennsylvania? which come to them from the enrolling room. · Mr. CASSEL. '.fo pass the resolution which is held over Mr. CLARK of Missoud. What are they expected to do? from December because of a lack of quorum, which is to in­ 1\Ir. 1\IANN. The gentleman does not mean the Committee on crease the salary of the present enrolling clerk to $3,000 a year Enrolled Bills never meets. He means they do not have a and to authorize the employment of an additional clerk, at formal meeting of the committee for the purpose of comparing $1,800, for the enrolli,ng room. We all appreciate the necessity these bills. The chairman of the Committee on Enrolled Bills of additional service in that room, and it is· for that purpose an·d the clerks are working on the bills- that we have called up the resolution at the present time. . Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Doing what? Mr. CLARK of Missouri. 1\Ir. Speaker, I would like the 1\Ir. MANN. Comparing these bills returned there by the gentleman to yield me two or three minutes. enrolling clerk. They are compared first at the Printing Office, Mr. CASSEL. 1 yield the gentleman five minutes. then by the enrolling clerk, and afterwards compared by the Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I desire to ask the gentleman from Committee on Enrolled Bills, through their clerks, to find if Pennsylvania how the . appointment of an additional clerk in mistakes have crept in. that office would expedite the business of reading these enrolled Mr. CLARK of 1\Iissouri. Now let me ask you a question as bills, provided the Chief Clerk has to read them all himself? you are up-- Mr. CASSEL. The other man can do the mechanical work. l\lr. 1\IANN. Very seldom. He can assist in the transcribing and in going over and pre­ Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Who actually compares these en­ paring the bills for the final reading. rolled bills, the chief of this enrolling force or some of his Mr. CLARK of Missouri. These enrolled bills are all printed, assistant clerks? are they not? . Mr. MANN. He compares them as far as it is within human 1\Ir. CASSEL. They are, but they must be compared. power to compare them. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Well, I know, but if the Chief Clerk Mr. CLARK of MissourL If be can not devolve the w'ork is to compare them, how can an assistant ,clerk help ·him com- upon this assistant, then what is the point of having an as- pare them? · · sistant? < • 1092 CONGRESSIONAL~ RECORD-~ HOUSE. J .A.NUARY 14,

Mr. MANN. It is perfectly evident that the chief enrolling of thiS Committee on Enrolled Bills. I have known person­ clerk does not compare, for instance, word for word every one ally of his devotion to the work of that committee, and I think of the pension bills which were passed here the other day. he spends as many hours in the work of his committee as any The purpose or this proposition is that in different hours or Member of the House, or any member of any other committee. when it is beyond human possibility for one man to make all I know that he personally exercises the greatest care to see these comparisons to have another man to help make compari­ that the enrollment is perfected, and my wonder is not that sons. A man, for instance, sitting down by himself to compare t~ere was an error made last year on the last day of the ses­ the 600 pension bills which were passed by the House the other swn-an error of a few words which made a very important day probably could not do it short of a good many days. difference in the bill-but my wonder is that not more errors Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Does the gentleman suppose that are made, especially at the close of the session, when these ·they do compare such bills as that? men sometimes work three and four days and nights consecu­ Mr. MANN. As a matter of fact, those bills are read word tively, without any sleep, and without taking off their clothes, in for word and comp~red exaetly-every bill that passes the order to get rest. I wanted to say this in justice to these House-not only by the enrolling clerks, but also by the clerk clerks in the enrolling room. of the Committee on Enrolled Bills. I may say to the gentle­ Mr. TAWNEY. Will the gentleman yield to me a moment? man that that work is sought to be done perfectly, and the only Ur. CASSEL. I yield to the gentleman. mistakes that creep in come because of the "patched" appear­ Mr. TAWNEY. 1\fr. Speaker, what I said in regard to the ance of the bill, to -use a peculiar word, as it comes from the Committee on Enrolled Bills not meeting had no reference what­ committee on conference, where it is putting together different ever to the work of the chairman of that committee. I was portions of a long bill, a part of it stricken out here, a· part asked who the committee were and when they met. I am in­ inserted there, and agreed to here, without any consecutive formed by members of the committee that it is a fact that the connection as far as the report is concerned. Sometimes some­ committee has not met during this Congress and did not meet thing is left in which ought to be sb.·icken out. during last Congress as a committee. But that does not mean Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Does the gentleman believ~ that that the chairman of the committee has in the least neglected simply multiplying the number of assistant clerks will in any his duty. I corroborate everything that the gentleman from way expedite that work? New York has said with respect to the industry and the faith­ l\fr. 1\I.ANN. I know that it will expedite the work. I may fulness of the chairman of the Committee on Enrolled Bills in say to the gentleman, whenever I have charge of a bill on the performing the work persona~ly that devolves upon him. floor of' the llouEe and it is passed I always follow it up Mr. CASSEL. I ask for a vote, Mr. Speaker. through the Printing Office, through the clerks on enrolled bills, The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the resolu- and through the Committee on Enrolled Bills. I know that very tion. · often these things are delayed. Sometimes bills never reach The question was taken ; and the resolution was agreed to. the President, because of the delay in enrolling, and that delay qn motion of M.r. CASSEL, a motion to reconsider the vote by comes largely from the delay in the comparison of the bills. which the resolution was passed was laid on the table. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. 'l\fr. Speaker, I want to make one NEW DIVISIQN OF SOUTHERN JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF lOW A. more remark in order to withdraw a remark I made when we had this bill up before. In the gmeral scuffle that took place Mr. LACEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimoUs consent for the the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. MANN] asserted that the chief present consideration of the bill which I send to the Clerk's desk. enrolling clerks of the House and of · the Senate were experts, The Clerk read as follows : and I said I did not believe a word of it. But since then I A bill (H. n. 20990) to create a new division of the southern judicial district of Iowa and to provide for terms of court at Ottumwa Iowa have investigated the matter somewhat and I think they are and for a clerk for said cou1·t, and for other pw·poses. ' ' experts. I think it is· only fair to state that But such b.·ans­ B e i t enacted, etc, That the counties of Davis, Appanoose, Mahaska, actions that took place here on the last day of the last session KeoJ.."Uk, Jefferson, Monroe, and Wapello shall constitute a division of the southern judicial district of Iowa, to be known as the Ottumwa is a erious reflection on the way legislation is done by the division of said court. · American Congress. Everybody was banging around here on SEc. 2. That terms of the circuit and district courts of the United tenter-hooks, everybody wanting to get away, because the States for the said southern district of Iowa shall be held twice in each weather was so uncomfortably ·hot, and they had made ar­ year at the city of Ottumwa, Iowa. and that until otherwise provided by law tne judges of said courts shall fix the times at which said coUl'ts rangements to get away, when finally the session was prolonged shall be held at Ottumwa, of which they shall make publication and here for six or eight hours after everybody supposed the House give due notice. . · had adjourned. And if some contentious person like my friend SEc. 3. '.rhat all civil process issued against persons resident in the said counties of Davis, Appanoose, Mahaska, Keokuk, Jefferson, Monroe, from Illinois had made up his mind to defeat the final agree­ and Wapello, and cognizable before the United States courts, shall be ment on one of these bills he could have done it easily. That made returnable to the courts, respectively, to be held at the city of is all I have to say about this thing. I wished to express my Ottumwa, Iowa, and all prosecutions for offenses conimltted in any of said counties shall be tried in the appropriate United States courts at opinion about it. the city of Ottumwa, Iowa: Pro'Vid ed, That no process issued or prose­ Mr. MANN. Just because I do not wish such a temptation cution commenced or suit instituted before the passage of this act shall presented to me I want to give a sufficient force to have the be in any way affected by the provisions hereof. SEc. 4. That the clerks of the circuit and district courts of said dis­ bills properly enrolled while a quorum is still in the city. trict shall maintain an office, In charge of themselves or deputy, at the 1\Ir. CLARK of Missouri. That is very well said. said city of Ottumwa, Iowa, for the transaction of the bu.slnes.s of said Mr. PAYNE rose. division. The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman from Pennsylvania The SPEAKER. Is there objection? (Mr. CASSEL] yield to the gentleman from New York [Mr. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, PAYNE]? do I understand this bill has been unanimously reported by the Mr. CASSEL. Certainly. committee? Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I want to recall the fact to the M~. LACEY. It has been unanimously reported by the Com­ House that the delay on the closing of the session last year mittee on the Judiciary. was not on general appropriations bills, but on the public build­ Mr. WILLIAMS. It creates no new judge? ings bill and on the bill that followed making appropriations for Mr. LACEY. No, sir. It makes an additional place for hold­ the public buildings. That came in at a very late hour, and it ing the court in a division already existing. had to go through the enrolling room, and it took time to do it. .Mr. MANN. Does it create any new officer? That is the reason we were waiting, and it could not have been 1\Ir. LACEY. The clerk of the court will be the only new defeated except by a call for a quorum, because the two Houses officer. .had not agreed upon the concurrent resolution to adjourn. Mr. MANN. Where is that court to be held? I want to say a word further about that point. My understand­ Mr. LACEY. At Ottumwa. ing is that the House at the last session, as it ha~ at this ses­ Mr. MANN. Is that in your district? sion, passed an unusual number of bills: We passed a large Mr. LACEY. It is. number of bills last Friday, every' one of which had to be Mr. MANN. How is it that it is not made at Oskaloosa in­ compared before being sent over to the Senate, and it made a stead of Ottumwa? great deal of work for those clerks. It is desirable that the Mr. LACEY. Ottumwa is a larger place and more central to Chief Clerk should look over every bill and make a comparison, the territory to be served. Of course if it were a matter of per­ as that is a double check upon the work of the assistant, and sonal preference I should like it to be at Oskaloosa, because I I understand that if another assistant clerk is provided then expect to be at Oskaloosa more continuously in the near future. it will give the Chief Clerk an opportunity to personally oversee Mr. 1\!.A.NN. The only reason I can see for the passage of every bill. this bill is to accommodate the gentleman, whom everybody in I want to say further in confirmation of what the gentleman .tha House wishes to accommodate, and therefore this new court from Illinois [Mr. :!\!ANN] has said in regard to the chairman ought to be at Oskaloosa instead of Ottumwa. · 1907. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. 1093

Mr. LACEY. I make it Ottumwa because I have taken into -of the country are organized usually in different States, as far consideration the public interest rather than my own. as possible, so as to hold the Federal jurisdiction, and unwilling :Mr. :MANN. How many cases are there pending in this dis­ litigants often remove cases so as to get them as far as possible trict now? from the other side, to cause delay a.nd inconvenience. l\lr. LACEY. Oh, a great many. There are about 200,000 Mr. MANN. And because I think it is much more important people in this territory. that the question of the jurisdiction of the two courts shall be Mr. MANN. You have a court. This is to create a new di­ considered than it is to keep constantly multiplying new Federal vision? courts, I shall hereafter reserve the right · to demand a proper :Mr. LACEY. It is to bring the courts closer to the people of explanation of such bills. that locality. Mr. SHACKLEFORD. 1\fay I a~k the gentleman a question? :Mr. 1\IANN. How many cases are pending in the court? · Mr. l\fANN. In the gentleman's time. Mr. LACEY. Well, the southern district of Iowa has a great The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present considera- many_ cases pending. There are a million people living in tllat tion of the bill? district of Iowa, and there are something over 200,000 people There was no objection. in the territory to be ac~ommodated by this bill. It does not Mr. LACEY. Mr. Speaker, I call for a vote. create a.ny additional judge, but the people of that particular The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a thlrd time, territory will get two terms of the court a year in the vicinity and was accordingly read the third time, and passed. of the litigants. - On motion of 1\Ir. LACEY,. a motion to reconsider the last vote Mr. 1\IANN. I want to say to tile gentleman that it would be was laid on the table. far beyond me to make any objection to the bill now as to the REGULATION OF WHISTLES ON STEAM VESSELS. rourt to be established in his district at this time, when the 1\Ir. SHERLEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for House is about to lose the very valuable services of the gentle­ the present consideration of the-bill (H. R. 17624) to amend an man; but we ha\e been in the habit lately of creating very many act entitled "An act to amend section 4405 of the Revised Stat­ judicial districts, and so many new divisions, and so many new utes of the United States," approved March 3, 1905. places of holding court that I think hereafter, if I am in the The bill was read, as follows : House, I shall want to know why. Why, no reason is given in Be it enacted, etc. That an act entitled "An act to amend section this case; no reason is usually given except that now given in 4405 of the Revised Statutes of the United States," approved March 3, general language. We ought to know why. 1905, be, and the same is hereby, amended by inserting after the word Mr. LACEY. The reason is a very simple one. . It is ln the " title " and before the word " and " the words " including regulations governing the use of whistles as signals by steam vessels and prohibit­ interest of justice everywhere that the courts should be close ing useless and unnecessary whistling;" so that the same shall read as enough to the people so that they can be appealed to without follows: . . . unnecessary delay. In fact, in a very large district and with "SEc. 4405. The supervising inspectors and the Supervising Inspec­ tor-General shall assemble as a board once ea·ch year at the city of Wash­ large distances to tra\el, the parties who want delay in the ington, D. C., on the thira Wednesday in January, and at such other litigation, the parties who do not want trial, and parties wh() times as the Secretary of Commerce and Labor shall prescribe, for joint wa.nt to wear the other litigant out are accustomed to transfer consultation, and shall assign to each of the supervising inspectors the limits of territory- within which he shall perform his duties. The cases merely to make the court as inconvenient as possible. It board shall establish all necessary regulations required to carry out in is generally in the interest of justice in all cases to have the the most effective manner the provisions of this title, including regula­ court near the centers of population; a.nd this increase of places tions governing the use of whistles as signals by steam vessels and prohib­ iting useless and unnecessary whistling, and such regulations, when for holding courts is really often in the interest of orderly ad­ approved by the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, shall have the ministration of justice, because it is easier to move a judge to force of law. The supervising inspector for the district embracing the 200,000 people than to move the people, or so many of them us Pacific coast shall not be· under · obligation to attend the meetings of the board oftener than once in two years ;. but when he does not attend get into litigation, off some distance to the judge. I think very such meeting he shall make his communications thereto, in the way of few, and perhaps none, of these new divisions have been im­ a report, in such manner as the board shall prescribe : Provided, That providently created. New districts have been created owing-to the Secretary of Commerce and Labor may at any time call in session, after reasonable public notice, a meeting of an executive committee, to the temptation to get a new judge where the necessity was not be composed of the Supervising Inspector-General and any two super­ urgent; but as to new divisions or places of holding court the vising inspectors, which committee, with the approval of the said- Sec­ rule bas been the other way. It is only where there is a real retary, shall have power to alter, amend, add to, or repeal any of the rules _and regulations made, with the approval of the Secretary of demand for it, in my experience, that these requests have been Commerce and Labor, by the board of .supervising inspectors, either by made. . virtue of· this section or under any power granted by this title, or any Mr. MANN. At bow many places in your State does the su­ amendments thereof. snch alteration, amendment, addition, or repeal, when approved by the said Secretary, to have the force of law and to preme court of your State meet? continue in effect until thirty days after the adjouJ;"nment of the next Mr. LACEY. One. meeting of the board of supervising inspectors. The foregoing powers fr. MANN. Why do you not have a dozen places for it to of such executive committee, acting with the said Secretary, shall also extend to the approval of the instruments, machines, _and equipments meet, so as·to bring it close to the people? refen·ed to in section 4491 of this title." Mr. LACEY. We used to have, and so did you in Illinois. The f9Ilmying ·committee amendment was read: Mr. MANN. -And we abolished it, because we did not believe Amend by striking out all after the word "title," in line 7, page 2, in the principle you are advocating. down to and including the word ''and," in line 9, page 2, and inserting . 1\Ir: LACEY. But the gentleman entirely overlook_s the one in lieu thereo~ the words " and also regulations." important fact which destroys the force of his argument. We The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present considera- have adopted the method ·of printing all briefs and records for tion of the bill? - the presentation of cases in the supreme court. - Witnesses and 1\fr. PAYNE~ Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, I litigants and jurors _do not have to go to the place where the should like to ask the gentleman what committee reported this? supreme court meets, so that the necessity for bav~Iig different Mr. SHERLEY. The Committee on the l\Ierchant Marine and places for holding the supreme court is not anything like as ~~ri~ . . great as it is in courts of original jurisdiction, where witnesses 1\.fr. PAYNE. I understand that the original section contains have to be present and juries have to be in attendance. That a provision that the regulations established by the Secretary of is an entirely different proposition. Commerce and Labor shall have the force and effect of law. 1\Ir. 1\fANN. Now, if the gentleman will pardon me, if it be Did the committee consider whether those words ought not to r.. fact that the courts ought to be brought close to the people, then be amended, and whether Congress should delegate to the Sec­ 'there ought to be a court in every county. There is a court in retary of Commerce and Labor the making of regulations that every county, and the proper method to pursue is not to move have the force and effect of Iaw? the Federal courts to the counties, but to take away the juris­ 1\Ir. ·SHERLEY. I will answer the gentleman first, that the . diction of the Federal courts, so that the courts of the counties committee did not take any special action in regard to that, and shall have the jurisdiction and be close to the people. secondly, that it is well settled, according to my personal under­ Mr. LACEY. That is another question. standing, that regulations made by Departments are only ef­ 1\fr. 1\fANN. That question is before the House. fective when in pursuance of law and that no Department can Mr. LACEY. I might agre~ with my friend on that as a gen­ make new law. I do not understand that the provision here eral principle. I h_ave voted in favor of restricting the jurisdic­ does any more than that. tion of the Federal courts whenever the opportunity has come 1\fr. PAYNE." I think it does, but as long as it is in the up. I agree with him heartily that the local courts, close to the original statute I will not object to this. people: are safer and better for the administration of justice, The SPEAKER. Is there objection. [After a pause.] The as a rule; but, whether the gentleman likes it or not, there is a Chair bears none. certain jurisdiction which can not be taken from .the Federal The amendments. were agreed to. courts, and ·we are talking about the e!tuation as it actually The bill was ord--ered to be engrossed ·and read a third time; exists. This jurisdiction "is in existence, and the corporations was read the third time, and passed. 1094 CONGR.ESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. ~ANUARY -14,

On motion of Mr. SHERLEY, a motion to reconsider the last under way, shall · in daytime indicate their occupation to an approach­ ing vessel by displaying a basket or other efficient signal where it can vote wHs laid on the table. best be seen. If vessels or boats at anchor h ave their gear out, they PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA. shall, on the approach of other vessels, show the same signal on the side on which those vessels can pass. Mr. GROSVENOR. 1\fr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to "The vessels required by this article to car1·y or· show the lights take up for present consideration the bill {S. 6855) to amend hereinbefore specified shall not be obliged to cal'!'y the lights prescribed by article 4 (a) and the last paragraph of article 11." the act approved August 19, 1890, entitled "An act to adopt reg­ SEc. 2. That article 10 of the act approved March 3, 1885,. entitled ulations for preventing collisions at sea." "An act to adopt the revised intemational regulations for preventing The Clerk read the bill, as follows : collisions at sea." and the act approved August 30, 1894, entitled "An act relating to ligbts on fishing vessels," are hereby repealed. Be it enacted, etc.. That the act approved August 19, 1890, entitled SEc. 3. That this act shall take effect on the 1st day of January, 1908. "An act to adopt regulations for preventing collisions at sea," be, and Pnssed the Senate December 13, 1906. hereby is, amended by inserting therein the following : "ART. 9. Fishing vessels and fishing boats, when under way and The SPEAKER. Is -there objection to the present considera- when not required by this at·ticle to carry or show the lights herein­ tion of the bill? - after specified, shall carry or show the lights prescribed for vessels of Mr. MANN. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, I theit· tonnage under way. "(a) Open boats, by which is· to be understood boats not urotected would like to ask how far this includes the Great Lakes, what from the entry of sea water by means of a continuous deck, when en­ change it makes, and also whether there is anything in the bill gaged in any fishing at night, with outlying tackle extending not more which would enable a Member of Congress to drop an anchor to than 150 feet horizontally from the boat into the seaway, shall carry one all-round white light. windward? [Laughter.] "Open boats, when fishing at night, with outlying tackle extending Mr. GROSVENOR. · I will try to make it plain even to the more than 150 feet horizontally from the boat into the seaway, shall gentleman from Illinois. There is, -as the gentleman knows, an carry one all-round white light, and in addition on approaching or be­ ing approached by other vessels, shall stJ.ow a second white light at international code of signals relating to all vessels. Prior to least 3 feet below the first light and at a horizontal distance of at about a year ago there was a condition that required consideration least 5 feet away ft·om it in the direction in which the outlying tackle and negotiation from nearly all the civilized nations of the is attached. "{b) Vessels and boats, except open boats as defined in subdivision world, and this code of signals was agreed upon and adopted by (a), when fishing with drift nets, shall, so long as the nets are wholly Congress, excepting as to the ninth article, which relates entirely or partly in the water, carry two white lights where they can best be to fishing ves·sels. seen. Such lights shall be placed so that the vertical distance between them shall be not less than 6 feet and not more than 15 feet, and so Since that time all nations have agreed to the ninth article, that the horizontal distance between them, measured in a line with the leaving the United States alone operating under article 10. By keel, shall be not less than 5 feet and not more than 10 feet. The this bill, which is long and apparently complicated, there is no lower of these two lights shall be in the dit·ection of the nets, and both of them shall be of such a character as to show all around the change whatever made except that it adopts article 9 of the gen­ horizon and to be visible at a distance of not less than 3 mlles. eral agreement of all the nations. " Within the Mediterranean Sea and in the seas bordering the coasts Mr. MANN. That is perfectly satisfactory·to me. of Japan and Korea sailing fishing vessels of less than 20 tons gross tonnage shall not be obliged to carry the lower of these two lights. Mr. GROSVENOR. The nations that have agreed to article Should they, however, not carry it, they shall show in the same posi­ 9 are Great Britain, Germany, Norway, France, Italy, Japan, tion (in the direction of the net or gear) a white light, visible at a Sweden the Netherlands, Denmark, Austria-Hungary, Greece, distance of not less than 1 sea mile, on the approach of or to other vessels. Belgium, Argentina, Portugal, China, Peru, Egypt, Venezuela, "(c) Vessels and boats, exce~t open boats as de.fined in subdivision Siam, Guatemala, and Costa Rica. Now, Mr. Speaker, the pas­ (a), when line fishing with thetr lines out and attached to or hauling sage of this bill will simply put our fishing vessels in agreement their lines, and when not at anchor or stationary within the meaning of subdivision (b), shall carry the same lights as vessels fishing with with fishing vessels of the entire . world. The bill has been drift nets. When shooting lines, or fishing with towing lines, they pasEed by the Senate and has the unanimous support of the shall carry the lights prescribed for a steam or sailing vessel undet· Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. way, respectively. " .Within the :Mediterranean Sea and in the seas bordering the coasts l\Ir. GARDNER of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, reserving of Japan and Korea sailing fishing vessels of less than 20 tons gross the right to object, I would like to ask the gentleman from Ohio, tonnage shall not be obliged to carry the lower of these two lights. as a matter of great importance to me, representing as I do the Should they, however, not carry it, they shall show in the same posi­ tion (in the direction of the lines) a white light, visible at a distance largest salt water fishing district in the United States, ·who has of not less than 1 sea mile on the approach of or to other vessels. requested this legislation? "'{d) Vessels when engaged in trawling, by which is meant the drag­ 1\Ir. GROSVENOR. The bill was introduced in the Senate by ging of an apparatus along the bottom of the sea- the Senator from 1\faine, at the request of the Commerce Com- " First. If steam· vessels, shall carry in the same position as the white light mentioned in article 2 (a) a tri-colored Ianter~!- so con­ mission of the United States. · structed and fixed as to show a white light from right ahead to two l\Ir. WILLIA.l.\.IS. l\.Ir. Speaker, I would like to ask the gen­ · points on each bow, and a green light and a red light over an arc of the horizon from two points on each bow to two points abaft the beam tleman if this is the unanimous report of the committee? on the starboard and port sides, respectively; and not less than 6 nor l\Ir. GROSVENOR. It is. more than 12 feet below the tt·i-colored lantern a white light in a The SPEAKER. Is there objection? [.After a pause.] The ·lantern, so constt·ucted as to show a clear, uniform, and unbroken Chair bears none. light all around the horizon. " Second. If sailing vessels, shall carry a white light in a lantern, 'Xhe bill was ordered to be read a third time, was read the so constructed as to show a clear, uniform, and unbroken light nll third time, and passed. around the horizon, and shall also, on the .app1·oach of or to other ves­ On motion of l\!r. GROSVENOR, a motion to reconsider the last sels, show where it · can best be seen a white flare-up Fght or torch in sufficient time to prevent collision. · vote was laid on the table. "All lights mentioned in subdivision (d) first and second shall be DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA APPROPRIATION BILL, visible at a distance of at least 2 miles. "(e) Oyster dredgers and othet· vessels fishing with dredge nets l\Ir. GILLETT, from the Committee on Appropriations, re­ shall carry an.d show the same lights as trawlers. · ported, by direction of that committee, the bill (H. R. 24103) "(f) Fishing yessels and fishing boats may at any time use a flare-up light in addition to the lights which they are by this article required making appropriations to provide for the expenses of the gov­ to carry and show, and they may also use working lights. ernment or the District of Columbia for the fiscal year endim~ "(g) Every fishing vessel and every fishing boat under 150 feet in June 30, 1908, and for other purposes; which was read a first length, when at anchor, shall exhibit a white light visible all around the horizon at a distance of at least 1 mile. and second time, and, Nith the accompanying report,. referred "Every fishing vessel of 150 feet in length or upward, when at to the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union anchor, shall exhibit a white light visible all around the horizon at a and ordered to be printed. distance of at least 1 mile, and shall exhibit a second light as provided for vessels of such length by article 11. l\Ir. WILLIAMS reserved all points of order. " Should any such vessel, whether under 150 feet in length or of 150 ADDITIO AL DISTRICT JUDGE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OIIIO. feet in length or upward, be attached' to a net or other fishing gear, she shall on the approach of other vessels show an additional white light Mr. GROSVENOR. 1\lr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent' at least 3 feet below the ·anchor light, and at a horizontal distance of for the present consideration of the bill (II. R. 9976)) to create at least 5 feet away from it in the direction .of the net or gear. "(h) If a vessel or boat when fishing becomes stationary in conse­ a new }..,ederal judicial district in Ohio, to be called the cen- quence of her gear getting fast to a rock or other obstruction, she shall tral district. ' in daytime haul down the day signal required by subdivision (k) ; at 'I'he SPEAKER. 'Vithout objection, the substitute will be ni"'ht show the light or lights prescribed •for a vessel at anchor; and du'i·in g fog, mist, falling snow, or heavy rain storms make the signal read for the bill. prescribed for a vessel at anchor. (See subdivision (d) and the last There was no objection. paragraph of article 15.) The Clerk read a.s foll.ows : "(I) In fog, mist, falling snow, or heavy rain storms drift-net ves­ sels attached to theit· nets,· and vessels when trawling, dredging, or Be it enacted, etc., That there shall be in the southern judicial dis­ fishing with any kind of drag net, and vessels line fishmg with their trict of the State of Ohio an additional district judge, who shall be lines out, shall, if of 20 tons gross tonnage or upward, respectively, at appointed by the President,. by and with the advice and consent of the intervals of not more than one minute make a blast; if steam vessels, Senate, and shall possess the same qualifications and have th·e same with the whistle Ol' siren, and if sailing vessels, with the foghorn, each power and jurisdiction now prescribed by law in respect to the pres­ blast to be followed by ringing the bell. Fishing vessels and boats of ent district judge the1·ein. less than 20 ·tons gross tonnage shall not be obliged to give the above­ SEC. 2. That no vacancy in the office of the existing district judge mentioned signals ; but if they do not, they shall make some other or said southern judicial district of Ohio shall be filled by appoint­ efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than one minute. ment, and in case of such vacancy, there shall be thereafter one dis­ "(k) All vessels or boats fishing with nets or lines or trawls, when trict judge only for said district. 1907. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. 1095

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present considera­ Mr. MANN. The bill assumes that. tion of tile bill.? 1\lr. GROSVENOR. The bill may possibly bear that construc­ .. Mr. MANN. Reserving the right to object, I would like to ask tion, but it is better for us, in the interests of the public service, the gentleman to explain the bill. · to get a judge that we can get than to be fighting for one that Mr. GROSVENOR. Mr. Speaker, it will be seen that the title we fear we might have trouble to get. of this bill provides for the creation of a new district in the Mr. KEIFER. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman from Ohio southern district of Ohio, but the bill itself amends that title yield to me for a moment. and merely provides. for an additional judge pending the occu­ Mr. GROSVENOR. Certainly; I yield. pancy of the present district judge of that district. The report, 1\Ir. KEIFER. Mr. Speaker, I want to say that it is an entire which is quite elaborate, sbow.s the enormous accumulation of misapprehension, if anybody has fallen into the idea, that Judge business in the southern district of Ohio, which district, as tbe Thomp.son is incapacitated, in the ordinary sense of the word, gentleman ·perhaps knows, includes more tilan half of the geo­ from discharging the duties of his office. l\Iy belief is, with a grapilical sm·face of the State, extending clear up to the State pretty full knowledge, that Judge Thompson discharges his of­ line near Pittsburg, taking in the ~bole Ohio Rive).· section as ficial duties with great facility and dispatch, and be disposes well · as the interior of the State up to the center. J"udge of more cases than the Federal judges generally do throughout Thompson, the present incumbent, is overworked to su<;h an the entire United States. He is sometimes broken down, be­ extent that be is a good deal of the time in danger of breaking cause he has too much work for any one man to do. He is down even if he does not imperil his life. The Attorney-Gen­ very ready and rapid in the disposition of ·business. He has a eral's Department mad~ .an investigation of the condition of that very difficult di$trict. He holds a district court and a circuit _business, .and ~bile. Judge Thompson, as everybody knows, is an court. Patent cases alone pile up on him enough to kill any ttble man, and an industt:jous and bard-working judge, it i im­ man who has to go through them and work them out; and possible for him to keep up, or anywhere near ke€p up, with the there are criminal cases both at Cincinnati and Columbus in amount of labor that is forced upon his hands. I will state in great numbers, but in no sense is Judge Thompson broken . the first place that. the headquarters of the district are in Cin­ down, except somewhat enfeebled by his wound, but his break­ cinnati, but by a provision of law there is an eastern division ing down is more largely due to his having too much to do. of the southern district of Ohio and tile court is held a certain l\Iy only criticism of the proposed law now is that it does not portion of. the year in Columbus, compelling tile judge to travel ·provide for two judges permanently in that district. to Columbus and sit there and then to generally hurry ba,ck The SPEAKER. Is ther~ objection. [After a pause.] The .again to Cincinnati, where be often finds the work accumulated Cilair Ilears none. ·to such an extent that it is impossible for him to get tl:irough. The amendment was agreed to. · Mr. HINSHAW. 1\fr. Speaker, I presume the bill· is all right, Tlie bill as amended was ordered to be engrossed and read the - and I am in favor of it_, but I would like to ask tile gentleman third tirrie, was read the third time, and passed. .bow many judges Ohio has now. On motion of Mr. GRoSVENOR, a motion to reconsider the last 1\fr. GROSVENOR. Two. Tote was laid on the table. · M:r. HINSHAW. Are there two divisions of the State into The title was amended so as to read: judicial distric.1:S? A bill to provide for the appointment of an addition!ll district judge Mi.·. GROSVENOR. There are two judicial districts, the in and for the southern district ot the State of Ohio. northern and the southern district, and then the southern dis­ BRIDGE ACROSS THE TUG FORK OF BIG SANDY RIVER, WEST VIRGINIA. trict is divided by what is called the "eastern division of the _Mr. GAINES of West Virginia. 1\fr. Speaker, I ask unani­ southern district." I would say, without any invidious purpose, mous consent for the present consideration of the following bill. that while Pennsylvania has four and New York six Ohio has ·The SPEAKER. The gentleman from West Virginia asks only two judges, and we have been pretty modest about this, unanimous consent for the present consideration of the bill .because we pro-vide that when Judge Thompson shall resign or which the Clerk will report. retire, or whatever may b.appen, then there will still be but one The Clerk read as follows : judge left in that district. · A bill (H. R. 23218) to authorize the Kentucky and West Vii·ginia Mr. HINSHAW. And this judge that is now. to be appointed Bridge Company to construct ·a bridge ·across the Tug Fork of Big Sandy River at or near Williamson, in Mingo County W. Va. to a simply sits with the other judge? point on the east side of said river in Pike County, Ky: ' Mr. GROSVENOR. Yes; he is an added judge with equal Be it enacted, ete., That the · Kentucky and West Virginia Bridge power and function. · · Company, a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Ken­ Mr. KEIFER. 1\fr. Speaker, I do not desire to object to th-e tucky, its success~n·s ~nd assigns, be, and they are hereby, authorized to construct, mamtam, and operate a railway and highway traffic bill, but I do object in a way to ·that last provision; I think bridge and approaches thereto across the Tug Fork of Big Sandy River there ought to be two judges. · at or near Williamson. in Mingo County, W. Va.. to a point on the east l\lr. GROSVENOR. · Oh, I hope my colleague will not object. side of said river in Pike County, Ky., in the States of Kentucky and West Virginia., in accordance with the provisions of the act entitled Mr. KEIFER. No; I am not going to object. "An act to regulate the construction of bridges over navigable waters," Mr. MANN. Is Judge Thompson eligible for retirement now? IIPProved March 23, 1906. Mr. GROSVENOR. He is not. SEC. 2. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this act is hereby 1\Ir. M:.A.NN. What is his age? expressly reserved. Mr. GROSVENOR. In the first place h-e has not served ten The SPEAKER. Is there objection? years, and in the next place be is only about 64 years of age. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, .Mr. MANN. When he serves ten years he will be eligible for I would ask the gentleman whether the provisions of this bill retirement? comply with the requirements of the War Department? 1\fr. GROSVENOR. Yes; if he bas reac]:1ed the age of 70. Mr. GAINES of West Virginia. The bill-.a.s the report in the 1\Ir. .MANN. As I understand it, unless we create an addi­ hands of the Clerk will show-has the approval of the War De­ _tionnl judge we will be in the position of practically retaining partment and conforms to the terms of the general brillge bill the services of Judge Thompson, when to a large extent he is which was passed at the last session. incapacitated ·for taking care of the work on account of his 1\Ir. WILLIAl\IS. Is the bill the result of a unanimous deci- physical condition. · sion of the committee? · Mr. KEIFER. Oh, no. l\!r. GAINES of West Virginia. It is. a unanimous report 1\fr. GROSVENOR. No; I would not put it as strong as that. from the Corru:i:littee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Mr. MANN. If the gentleman· can not put it as strong as 1\fr. WILLIAl\IS. I ha-ve no objection. that, then there might be some question about the bill. The SPEAKER. The Chair bears no objection. Mr. GROSVENOR. I would not like to say that Judge The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read the third time, Thompson is disabled. He was shot through the lungs at the was read the third time, and passed. second battle of Bull Run, and the bullet is in that wound now, On motion of Mr. GAINES of West Virginia~ a motion to recon- and sometimes it bleeds extensively and that lays him ·up for a _sider the last vote was l~ld on the table. · time. Then he gets out and goes to work as indush·iously and BRIDGE ACROSS TUG FORK OF BIG SANDY RIVER, NE.A.R DEYON, W . VA. effectively as any man on the bench of the United States court. 1\Ir. GAINES of West Virginia. !\fr. Speaker, I ask unani­ He disposed of 222 cases lasf year, as shown by the report of mous consent for the present consideration of the following bill. the Attorney-General, and yet more cases came upon the docket The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the bill. of the en.tire district than he was able to dispose of. The Clerk read as follows : Mr. MANN. But the gentleman .assumes that after the end A bill (H. "R. 23219) to authoriz-e :Majestic Collieries Company, of Eck­ of Judge Thompson's career on the bench one judge will be able man, W. Va., to construct a bridge across Tug Fork of Big Sandy River, about 2?1 miles west of Devon, W. Va., a station on the Norfolk to trans~c.t the business which Judge Thompson and the new and Western Railway. appointee will be able to do now. Be it enacted, etc-., That the Majestic Collieries Company, of Eckman, Mr. GROSVENOR. i do not assume that at all. W. Va., a corporation organized under the laws of the State of West 1096 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. ~.ANUARY 14,

Virginia, its succ~sso~s and assigns, be, and they are hereby, authorized have their incorporators or a majority of them reside in the to consh·uct, mamtam,. and operate a railway bridge and approaches thereto across the Tug Fork of B~g Sandy River at a point about 2?. District of Columbia. For that reason to conform to this re­ p:Ules west of Devon, W. Va., a statwn on the Norfolk and Western Rail­ quirement would desh·oy the widely representative character of way, in th.e States of West ~lrginia and Kentucky, in accordance with the committee. They have no intent to make profit. It is the provtswns of the act entitled "An act to regulate the construction­ of bridges over navigable waters," approved March 23 1906. purely a committee incorporated for the purposes set forth in SEc. . 2. That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this act is hereby se_ction 2 of this act, namely, " To promote the welfare of society expressly reserved. w1th respect to the employment of children in gainful occupa­ The SPE.AKER. Is there objection? [After a pause.] The tions," and other purposes. I !J.ope the gentleman will not in­ Chair hears none. sist upon his point. The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time, Mr. GARRE+T. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that was read the third time, and passed. I .may make a brief statement. . On motion of 1\fr. GAINES of West Virginia, a motion to recon­ The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Tennessee (Mr. GAR­ sider tlle last vote was laid on the table. RETT] asks unanimous consent that be may make a brief state­ ETIENNE DE P. BUJ AC. ment befor~ raising the question of consideration. Is there ob- The SPEAKER laid before the House the following resolution jection? · from the Senate: There was no objection. IN THE SE~ATE OF THE UNITED STATES, 1\Ir: GARRETT. Mr. Speaker, observing the suggestion of the· January 11, 1901. gentleman who has just addressed the House, that he hopes Resolvecl, That the Secretary be directed to furnish to the House· of that ! ~ill not insist upon this point, it seems. proper to say Representatives, in compliance , with its request, duplicate engrossed copy of the bill (S. 4926) for the relief of Etienne De P . . Bujac. ~hat It IS not a point of order or a question of no .quorum. It The SPEAKER. The bill will be referred to the Committee 1s merely the question of consideration, and of course it is on Claims. within the power of a majority of the House to order considera­ MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT; tion of t9e bill. I hav-e raised this question or consideration not so much because of objection to this bill itself as because I The SPEAKER laid before the Hou~e a message from the am opposed to this line o! legislation. On every District day, President of the United States; which was read, ordered on a~most every suspensiOn day, and very frequently when printed, and referred to the Committee on the Public Lands. unammous consents are the ·order of the hour, bills to incor­ [For message see Senate proceedings of this day.] porate all sorts of institutions and associations are called up NATIONAL CHILD LABOR COMMITTEE. and passed without any close consideration by the membership Mr. ·TAYLOR of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I call up the bill S. of the House and as a matter of ~ourse. Now, we have a care-· 6364. I might state that this bill was read on last Dish·ict day. fully considered Code of the District of Columbia which was The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Ohio cans up the fol­ prepared after careful consideration by a committee many years lowing Senate bill, with the statement that the bill was read on ago, and passed by the . House of Representatives and the Sen­ last District day, and the Clerk wii1 report the title. ate, presumably after careful consideration by the membership The Clerk read as follows : of both of those bodies, .and every institution or association A bill (S. 6364) to incorporate the National Child Labor Committee. which it was believed might properly be permitted to incor­ porate as :m institution of the District of Columbia was provided Mr. MANN. What status llad this bill' at the last District for in that general law. Hence the only necessity for coming day? to Congress with a bill to create one of these incorporations is Mr. TAYLOR of .Ohio. The question of its consideration was either to give it the prestige that the passage of a special act raised and carried. The House raised the question of consider­ would gi>e it 9r else to confer upon it some po\>Yer which it can ation and refused to consider on vote. not have under the general laws of the District. Both of those Mr. BARTLETT. When was that? reasons, both of those propositions, to my mind are objection­ Mr. TAYLOR of Ohio. On last District day. able. If it be desired that there shall be a line 'of corporations -Mr. MANN. I forget who raised the question of considera­ organized for either ·eleemosynary or charitable or educational tion. purposes, then I· suggest, Mr. Speaker, that it would be a very l\fr. TAYLOR of Ohio. The gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. _easy matter for the District Committee to bring in an amend­ GARRETT], I ·think. ment to the District Code providing that these organizations Mr. GARRETT. Mr. Speaker, if I am not too late I wish to might be organized and making these exceptions to the rule raise the question of consideration. that the majority of the members of a corporation organized in Mr. TAYLOR of Ohio. Will the gentleman permit me to ex­ the District shall be citizens ·of the District. plain the bill before he does so? The SPEAKER. The House is supposed to be proceeding to So far as these special cases are concerned, they are objec­ the consideration of a bill, and it is too late to raise the question tionable. Each contains,- or may contain, powers widely differ­ of conside·ration, although the gentleman from Tennessee could ent from the powers granted others. They are passed, ·as I reserve his right and by unanimous consent make his statemen·t have stated, without careful consideration, when not half of the · Mr. MANN. 1\Ir. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the membership is upon the floor. Not half of those who are upon gentleman may have the right to raise the question of con­ the floor now. know what the bill is before the House at th~s sideration after the explanati-on. · · nwment. Coming to this particular bill, I think there is an The SPEAKER. Is there objection? objectionable feature in it. One purpose that is set forth in the There was no objection. bill as a purpose of its organization is to bring about legislation. .1\Ir. TAYLOR of Ohio. 1\Ir. Speaker, this bill is the outcome Now, why, Mr. Speaker, should the Congress of the United of a society or committee unincorporated, and which was States incorporate a lobby? I do not uge the word lobby as ap­ formed at Carnegie Hall in 1904 for the purpose of considering pli_ed to it in any offensive sense. I do not mean to imply thnt and developing along practical lines such things as might ob­ legislation against child labor is improper legislation. In fact literate the evils now arising in the employment of child labor. I think it is within the States. But why should Congress or: This committee now bas a membership of about 1,500 persons ganize any association or incorporate any association whose as associate members and about forty-eight persons as active rep­ avowed purpose is to bring about certain legislation? For these resentatives that come from sixteen States of the Union. Its reasons I raise the question of consideration. purpose is set forth in section 2 of the bill. The question of The SPEAKER. The question is, Will the House consider child labor has become a serious one, and in nearly every State tlle bill? there have been State organization~ and committees formed. The question was taken. This committee has simply been formed for the promotion of The SP.BJAKER. 'l'he Chair is in doubt. such organizations m the ·various Stat-es and Territories of the The House divided; and there were-ayes 44, noes 15. Union, and in order to make it as representative a body as So the House determined to consider tlle bill. po.ssible and to put an accent on its national scope they come 1\Ir. TAYLOR of Ohio. I ask for a vote, 1\lr. Speaker. before Congress seeking a charter, and because the laws of the 1\Ir. FI'l'ZGERALD. Mr. Speaker, I wish to ask if the gen­ District of Columbia are so drafted as to make it impossible tleman will yield for the purpose.of offering. an amendment. I for the persons seeking this charter to incorporate under these wish to call his attention to this section of the bill. There is a laws, they have to come before Congress for .a special charter. form that is used in these cases that "the right to alter, amend The District of Columbia Code provides that a majority of the or repeal this act is hereby expressly reserved." Tllis bill pro: incorporators must be residents of the Dish·ict, and it-is obvious vides that "this charter shall be subject to alteration, amend­ that a committee composed of residents of several States, the ment, or repeal at the pleasure of the Congress of the United purpose of which is to have representatives in every State, if States." That language is not only very unusual, but it is very possible, would be seriously crippled if they were compelled to peculiar. 1907. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. . 1097

Mr. TAYLOR -of Ohio. What is the suggestion of the gentle­ Mr. MANN. Mr. Speaker, I am not sure how the decision man in the way of an amendment? should go . . The gentleman from "Ohio [Mr. TAYLOR] is mis­ .Mr. FITZGERALD. .The form used -is "the right to alter, taken, however, in assuming that this money is all paid by amend, or repeal this act is hereby expressly reserved." contribution from the police officers, or by the retention ot a Mr. TAYLOR of Ohio. I have no objection, I will state to portion of their salaries. The police pension fund is raised in th(' gentleman, to accept that as an amendment. 'part by money reserved from the salaries of the police offi­ The Clerk read as follows : cers and in part by money set aside as a result of fines and Amend the section so that it will read ! licenses. ' "That the right to alter, amend, or repeal this act is hereby expressly Mr. TAYLOR of Ohio. Fines in the police court. reserved." Mr. MANN. I think no portion of ft is paid directly out of The SPEaKER. The question will first be taken on the the Treasury of the United States, but I have not myself as­ committee amendment. sumed that the provision of the rules· requiring that there Tile question was taken; and the committee amendment was should be consideration in Committee of the Whole was con­ qre~~ - . fined to money paid out of the general Treas-ury belonging to The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the amend­ the Government. The same rule obtains as to any money, I ment offered by the gentleman from New York. suppose, paid out of the Treasury, whether that money is to The question was taken; and the amendment was agreed to. the credit of the District of Columbia or to the credit of the The bil! was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading ; and United States. I may be mistaken in that opinion. it was nccordingly read the third time. The SPEAKER. Will the gentleman indulge the. Chair for a The SPEAKER. 'Vithout objection, the bill will be passed. sugg~stion, and for an inquiry at the same time? 1\Ir. GARRE'l'T. I object, l\1r. Speaker. What seems to be the act that is sought to be amended, sec­ 'l'he question was taken; and tl;le bill was passed. tion 4, reads ·as follows : On motion of .1\fr. TAYLOR of Ohio, a motion to reconsider the SEC. 4. That hereafter the Commissioners of the District of Columbia vote by which the bill was passed was laid on.the table. are he1·eby authorized and directed to deposit with the Treasurer of the PENSIONS. FOR CERTAIN OFFICERS OF THE METROPOLITAN POLICE. United States, out of re!!eipts from fines in the police court and receipts from dog licenses, a sufficient amount to meet any deficiency .Mr. TAYLOR of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I call up the bill H. R. in the policemen's fund or fit·emen's fund . 23201. The Chair understands that is the law now. The Clerk read as follows : l\Ir. TAYLOR of Ohio. That is the law now, and the two A bill (H. R. 23201) to amend the act approved March 1, 1905, en­ words in italics, " any inspector," are the only words that nre titled "An act to amend section 4 of an act entitled 'An act relating to the Metropolitan police of the District of Columbia,' approved added. • February 28, 1901." The SPEAKER. On page 2 of the report (Report 6212) it Be it enacted, etc., That the act approved l\!arch. 1, 1905, entitled appears that it is proposed to add the words "any inspector." "An act to amend section 4 of an act entitled 'An act relating to the Now, it seems that heretofore legislation · has been" enacted Metropolitan police of the District of Columbia,' approved February 28, 1901," be, and the same is hereby, amended by inserting in the first which devotes these fines and license receipts to the police­ roviso thereof, after the words "assistant superintendent," the words men's fund. The Chair understands that it is not controverted, P.'any inspector." • that the fund otherwise is made up from contributions, under · 1\Ir. M.ANN. l\Ir. Speaker, I raise the point of order-! do Ia w, from the salaries of the policemen. not know whether it is good or not-that this bill must be re­ Mr. TAYLOR of Ohio. And the .fines. · ferred to the Union Calendar. We could not tell from the read­ The SPEAKER. Now, this proposes to take from that fund, ing of the bill .whether it creates new officers. so made up-which is reenforced by legislation heretofore en­ Mr. TAYLOR o;f Ohio. I will explain. to the gentleman just acted, devoting these .fines to that fund-an additional payment I exactly what the bill is intended to ~over. T·his bill does not to be made to inspectors. appropriate any money nor does it create an office. It does not Mr. MANN. Mr. Speaker, this results in the end, of course, alter the salary of any policeman or of any officer. When the in taking that much more money out of the Treasury of the last act regulating ttie Metropolitan police was passed, the office United States. ~~e pensions are not arrived at by simply di­ of inspector was created. The pension laws for policemen never viding the sum that is in. that fund among the police officers, liad included that officer as ·a beneficiary of the pension fund. but they are paid a specified amount out of the fund in the The provision inserted in the bill provided for a superintendent Treasury, and when you add to the number who are to be paid, and officers down, but .the word inspector was npt put in, and that means that much more money to be paid out of the Treas­ that prevented inspectors from participation in the benefits of ury. While it may· not be exactly in the form of an appropria­ the pension fund. · tion, the rule provides that where a bill authorizes payments l\Ir. MANN. Then I subinit it ought to go to. the Union Cal­ out of appropriations already made such bill must be considered endar. in Committee of the Whole. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Illinois makes the The SPEAKER. 'I'he Chair is inclined to think, after looking })oint of order that the bill should receive its first considera­ at clause 3 of the rules and after looking at the section of the· tion in Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Uni~n. law as it is· proposed to be amended, that the prov1sion does not The Chair, on inspection, finds that the effect of the bill will come within the· rule requiring consideration of the same in be to extend the pension Ia w to inspectors. The Chair will Committee of the Whole. ·Therefore the Chair overrules the take notice, of course, that one-half of the expenditures for point of order. · the District of Columbia are payable from the Treasury of Mr. TAYLOR of Ohio. I call for a vote, .Mr. Speaker. the United States; and in the opinion of the Chair, unless the Mr. MANN. We should like to know what it is about. Chair is in error-- · · Mr. CRUMPACKER. Mr. Speaker, I want to offer a sug- Mr. TAYLOR of Ohio. The pension fund is mnde by the men gestion or two in relation to the bill. - themselves. The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman from Ohio yield? Mr. SIMS. The pensions are paid by an assessment on the Mr. TAYLOR of Ohio. Yes. policemen. Mr. CltUMPACKER. In relation to the form of the bill. I Mr. TAYLOR of Ohio. The pension fund is created entirely have no objection at all to the purpose of the bill, but I do ob­ by the policemen themselves. It is not paid by the Government ject, as I have frequently heretofore objected, to this hypo· or the District, but out of an assessment levied out of their dermic process of amending laws. This bill provides that the ·salaries. words " any inspector " shall be injected into the body of an 'Ihe SPEAKER. The Chair will hear the gentleman from act that was passed several years ago. Now, we do not provide Illinois on the suggestion as to the question of fact. It is per­ by law for a codification of the laws of the District of Columbia fectly clear to the Chair that if, under the .law, one-half of oftener than perhaps once in thirtY years. The public must of this ainount is payable from the Treasury of the United States necessity depend upon private publications, and the original act that it would be subject to the point of· order. If the gentle­ must be carried on just as it was, and this act must also be in· man from Ohio is correct in his statement-- corporated into any volume of the laws of the District of Co· . Mr.. TAYLOR of Ohio. I am certain that I am. Iumbia. It is an expensive and cumbersome method, and I The SPEAKER. That this pension fund is made by con­ think the only proper way to amend an act or a section is t& tributions from-- incorporate the section as amended. I believe there ought to Mr. TAYLOR of Ohio. Every policeman pays. a dollar_ a be a rule of the House making any bill subject to a point of month. order that undertakes to amend an existing statute by this The SPEAKER. · From the Metropolitan police themselves, process. I have an amendment that 1 desire to offer to the bill.· why then it seems to the Chair it is not subject to the point Mr. TAYLOR of Ohio. Is it the same that · appears on page of order. 23 of the report? If it is th~ same, we have no objection, 1098 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE~ JANUARY 14,

Mr. CRUl\IPACKER. . I want to put in the words "any in­ Mr. PERKINS. I do not care whether it is a Commissioners' spector" that properly app!y in the original act, so that it bill or anybody else's bill. . will be carried forward and will save the expense of publica­ 1\fr. SIMS. It was introduced by Mr. BABcocK, chairman of tion and embarrassment and difficulty and·time in looking up the the District Committee, and the conditions requiring its enact­ law. I want to insert at the end of the act the provision with ment are tully set out in letters embraced in the report by the the words in it "any inspector." · · Commissioners and chief of police. It seems that the trouble is The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the amendment that the law prohibiting the sale or giving intoxicating liquors to The. Clerk read as follows: n:;tinors applies only to those who are licensed dealers, and par­ Insert at the end of the bill the following : ties have been found: not licelk..-ed who are mean enough to buy " So that said act shall read as follows : · " ' SEc. 4. That hereafter the Commissioners of the District of Colum­ intoxicants and let minors have them, and to such persons the bia are hereby authorized and directed to deposit with the Treasurer law does-not apply because they are not licensed dealers, and the of the United States, out of receipts from fines in the police court and object of the bill is to cure that defect I do not think it is in­ receipts from dog licenses, a sufficient amount to meet any deficien.cy tended that a parent should not be permitted to give a gla s of in the policemen·s fund or firemen's fund : Provided, That the ch1ef engineer of the fire department and all other officers of said depart· wine to his children who are under 20 years of age, or anything ment of and above the rank of captain, the superintendent, assistant of that sort. superintendent, any inspector, a~y captain or · lieutenant. of po!Jee, in case of retirement a.s now provided by law, shall receive relief not l\Ir. PERKINS. That is the way the bill reads. exceeding $100 per month ; and in case of the death from injury or 1\ir. SIMS. I do not think that was intended, and I do not disease of any member of the police force or fire department, if he be think the committee would have any objection to an amendment 11)lmarried and leave a dependent mother, who is a widow, the same making that clear if it is not. shall be for hee relief during the period of widowhood, or if be leave a widow, or children under 16 years of age, the same shall.be for· their Mr. PERKINS. It seems to me that we can fairly ask the rellef during the period of widowho?d, or until such chtldren rea<;h committee that instead of reporting a Commissioners' bill, the age of 16 years : Pro1:idcd, That m no case shall the amount pa1d to such dependent mother or widow exceed $50 per month, nor shall which is very often very badly drawn, ·the committee themselves ·the amount paid for a child exceed $25· per month.' " wpen presenting it for passage have it in such shape as may The SPEAKER. The Chair understands that the gentlem.an commend it It is not easy on the floor of the House to prepare intends to amend the act by inserting in section 4 of the act amendments that should be carefully drawn. Of course this " ::my inspector," and the gentleman proposes to strike out-- was not intended, because the intention would be preposterous, l\fr. CRU:i\fP ACKER. No; to insert at the end of the bill "so but under the wording any man in the Dish·ict of Columbia who invites a person under 21 years to dinner or to any enter­ that the act as amended will read as follows," setting out the tainment and gives him a glass of claret has committed a mis­ amended act Section 4 of the first act has been repealed by an demeanor. Of course the committee does not want that, and I amendment in 1905': That is an independent act, and this bill think the committee ought ·to see to it that the bill is so amended provides for the amendment of that amendatory act. that the evil which iS sought to be reached shall be reached, and Mr. M.ANN. This ena.cts and amends both acts? by the sen e of its terminology it sb..all not be a bill which, if Mr. cttUMPACKER. No; this bill undertakes to amend sec­ enforced, would be an absurdity. tion 4 of the amendatory act. l\fr. 1\IANN. This does not seem to me to be such a pressing Mr. SillS. l\!r. Speaker, this bill no doubt was considered matter, and the gentleman from Ohio might withdraw the bill by .the corporation counsel, by the major of police, and, as far long enough to put it in proper shape. as the committee is concerned, so far is I know, we are per­ l\fr. TAYLOR of Ohio. I do not wish to withdraw the bill, fectly satisfied with the language, because we do not think and I concur with the suggestion of the gentleman from Indiana the court, in enforcing this law, will ever mete out punishment in a case which it is clear was not intended by the law to be that the law should show plainly what it now is. · embraced. · The SPE1AKER. The question is on agreeing to the amend­ ment. 1\fr. PERKINS. No; but does not the gentleman admit that The question was considered ; and the amendment was agreed. under the wording of the bill that would be an offense, and that to. · those guilty will have to throw themselves upon the court and The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time, say that such an interpretation and such an end was not desired was read the third time, and passed. by the committee, and will have to ask the court to correct the On ·motion of 1\Ir. TAYLOR of Ohio, a motion to reconsider the inaccuracies of the bill? I do not think that ·is good legislation. last vote was laid on the table. 1\Ir. SIMS. This is an amendment of the law or addition to the existing law; and when all the acts are read together I do PENALTY FOR SALE OR GIFT OF INTOXIqATI.NG LIQUORS TO MINORS. not think the ·court will have any doubt about the. meaning of 1\!r. TAYLOR' of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I now call up the bill Congress in this legislation. I do not care to offer any amend- (H. R. 23556) prohibiting the purchase or procurement, sale, ment myself. . gift, or disposition of intoxicating liquors to minors by un­ Mr. MANN. The gentleman is mistaken. It is not an amend-. licensed ·persons. ment of an act. 'l'he Clerk read the bill, as follows : l\Ir. PERKINS. It is an original act. 1\.I.r. SIMS. The intention is to apply to others than licensed Be it enacted, etc., That it shall be unlawful for any person n~t hav­ in.,. a license in any manner to purchase or procure for, sell. g1ve, or dealers. The law as it now is does not apply except to licensed di~pose of to or aid or assist in any manner in such purchase or pro· dealers, as I am informed. · curement for: sale, gift, or disposition to any person under the age of Mr. 1\.IA~'N . Does the law now prohibit the sale or giving 21 years, any intoxicating liquor .as the same is. defil!ed _in t~e act ?f Congress entitled ".An act regulating the sale of mtoXlcatrng llquors rn away of intoxicating liquor by any person who does not have a the District of Columbia," approved March 3, 1893, except for necessary license? · · use in the ease of illness when furnished by a parent or guardian or l\Ir. SIUS. Only by licensed dealers. duly licensed physi~ian, or upon the prescription of a duly licensed physician. Mr. MANN. Licensed dealers are not prohibited. Does not SEc. 2. That any person violating the provisions of this act shall, on the law provide that no one else shall give away or sell liquor to conviction thereof on prosecution by information filed in tbe police any person, wheilier he is a minor or an adult? court of the District of Columbia by tbe corporation counsel or any of his assistants, be fined not less than $50 nor more than $100, or be Mr. SIMS. That is not my understanding. The law applies imprisoned in the District jail or workhouse for not more· than six only to licensed dealers. This is intended to apply to anyone. months for each and every otrense. Mr. MANN. The gentleman must be mistaken. No one would SEc. 3. That nothing in this act contained shall be held to repeal or abrogate the provision of the said act approved Mar~h 3, 1893, or take out a .license and pay for it to sell liquor if he could sell amendments thereof prohibiting the sale, gift, or disposition of intoxi­ liquor without a license. Is there any law forbidding the sale cating liquors to any minor by persons having a license to sell intoxi­ or giving. away of intoxicating liquors unless there is a license cating liquors. taken out? Mr. MANN. What is this bill? Mr. SIMS. I understand, now, that the law prohibits licensed Mr. PERKINS. 1\Ir. Speaker, I would like to call atten- dealers from selling or giving to minors, but there is no law pre­ tion to one provision of the bill. . venting those who are not licensed from doing it. That is the Mr. TAYLOR of Ohio. I will yield: to the gentleman from object of this act . 'rennessee [Mr. SIMS] to explain the bill. Mr. l.fAl'rn'. _But the gentleD)an does not answer the question,· Mr. Sll\IS. What does the gentleman from New York wish? and it is a very plain one, I think. Is there no law now for­ Mr. PERKINS. What I would like to ask is this : This bill bidding any person from selling or giving away intoxicatfng says that it shall be U¥Iawful for any person to sell or give to liquors unless a license be first taken out? any minor ;my intoxicating liquor. Do you mean by that if a Mr. SIMS. As to the revenue law or that feature of it, I am person .20 years old is inyited to dine in the Dish·ict of Co­ not advised. lumbia it would be unlawful to give him a glass of wine without Mr. ~I.Al\TN. That is not a revenue law, it is a police law. permission of his guardian? That is the- way tllis bill reads. Mr. SIMS. A license is a revenue. Mr. SIMS. 'rhis bill is the Commissioners' bill-- l\fr. MANN. Licensing is a .Police law. 1907. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1099

that intoxicants are procured by persons of lawful age at the solicita­ Mr. SI.l\IS. And also a revenue. ~You have to pay a fee tion and. for the use of those who are forbidden sales undet· the law. for it. In ·one mstance several boys had robbed a place where liquors were Mr. 1\IANN. Very well. Does ·the gentleman think that any­ sold in order to procure drink. The youths were arrested, taken to one here in the District would take out a license and pay a ~he juvenile com~, reprimanded, and placM on probation. Enough IS known to convmce me that there are those so degraded that they large ~ urn for it for the purpose of conducting the saloon business will purchase for minors' use, and I respectfully beg leave to recom­ if be could have a saloon without _a license? mend that the exjsting law be so amended as to make it a punishable offense for any person to buy, purchase in any manner, or procure in­ 1\lr. SIMS. Of course not. toxicating liquors for the use of any other person under 21 y-ears of l\lr. MANN. Tben there is a law prohibiting an unlicensed age, except in case of illness or injury, and then such to be furnished person from selling or giving away intoxicating liquors to any by a. I?arent or guardian, or on the prescription of a duly registered person. Now, what is the object of this? . phySICian. Very respectfully, RICHARD SYLVESTEU, . Mr. SIMS. I would say against giving it away. I have never Major and Superintendent. beard of any such law. 1\Ir. 1\IANN. That is the statute everywhere. Mr. CRUMPACKER. That reason is satisfactory, and now I 1\Ir. SIMS. A person could not· become a dealer without a will support the bill even if there is no necessity for it, because license. · I do not think there can be too many laws, if properly enforced 1\Ir. MANN. The form of tlie statute, in most places at to prohibit the sale of intoxicating liquors to minors. ' least-and I think the same form is used here-is that no }Jer­ Mr. GARRETT. As a matter of fact, there is not any real son witbout a license is permitted to sell or give away intoxicat­ necessity for the word " sale" in the bill. They are not al­ ing liquors. lowed to sell it now. But there is nec:essity for the word 1\Ir. SIMS. I have never seen any law that prevented the "gift." giving away. Mr. SIMS. It does not hurt. 1\Ir. Speaker, I ask for a vote Mr. MANN. Certainly; that is the form · and the language on the bill. used, I dare say, in the gentleman's own State. It is so in the Tbe question was taken; and the bill was ordered to be en· city of New York and in every other large city of the country. grossed and read a third time, was read the third time, and 1\Ir. SIMS. About giving it away? passed. Mr. MANN. About giving it away. On motion of Mr. SIMS, a motion to reconsider the vote by Mr. SIMS. Well, I am not advised as to that. which the bill was passed was laid on the table. Mr. MANN. Well, that is the fact; the gentleman will find SEALER OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. that to be the fact here. Mr. GARRETT. If the gentleman. will permit me, I will state Mr. TAYLOR of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I desire to call up the that the law in our State-the State of Tennessee, from which bill ( S. 6578) which I send to the Clerk's desk. the gentleman and myself come-prevents the giving away of The SPEAKER.· The gentleman from Ohio [1\Ir. TAYLOR] liquor to a minor, but does not prevent the giving away of liquor calls up the bill S. 6578, which the Clerk will report to an adult. The Clerk read as follows : · Mr. CRUMPACKER. The District of Columbia does have a Be it enacted, etc., That section 10 of the act entitled "An act to provide for the appointment of a sealer and assistant sealer of weights law making it a crime for the sale of intoxicating liquor to a and measures in the District of Columbia, and for other purposes " person without a license, and if the penalties for the sale of approved March 2, 1895, and the act amendatory thereof approved liquor are adequate I .do not see any purpose in passing this f~1?;w~~· 1906, be, and the same are hereby, amended so as to read as law. Of course, if it is a crime to sell intoxicating liquors " SEC. 10. No person shall sell or offer for sale anywhere in the Dis­ without a license in the District of Columbia, it is as much a trict of C?lumbia any provisions or produce or commodities of any kind crime to sell liquors to a minor as to an adult, and if the pen­ for a wetght or measure greater than the actual or true weio-ht or measure thereof; and all .provisions, produce, or commodities of any alty is as great under the general license law making it a kind shall be weighed by scales, weights, or balances, or measured in crime to sell liquor without a license as the penalty described · me!lsures duly tested and seal~d by the sealer or an assistant sealer of here, it see~s this legislation is entirely unnecessary. wetghts and measures: Prov~decl, That berries, when offered for sale in an original package or basket containing a standard measure may 1\Ir. SIMS. Without having gone into the statute in full this be sold in said package or basket without the same having been first law was asked for by the Commissioners, and, as shown by the tested and sealed ; but in no case shall said basket be refilled for use letter of the major of police, it is absolutely needed, and if they i~ the sale of berries or produce of any kind whatsoever : And pro­ v~ded fttrlhet·, That poultry and vegetables, usually sold by the head or need it they know what the effect of existing law is and its ad­ bunch, may be offered for sale and sold in other manner than by weight ministration. The committee is simply giving that which the or measure; but in all cases where the person intending to purchase chief of police and Commissioners say is absolutely necessary. shall so desire and request,_ poultry shall be weighed as hereinbefore prescribed: And provided further, That scales reported not in use shall Mr. CRUMPACKER. I Jrnow that there is a statute making be sealed down, and said seal shall not be broken except by authority it a crime for any person to sell intoxicating liquors in the Dis­ of the sealer of weights and measures." trict of Columbia without a license, and it carries with it quite Mr. SHACKLEFORD. Mr. Speaker, I wish to offer an amend­ severe penalties, and that law applies to minors as well as to ment, which I send to the Clerk's desk. adults. Now, the license statute makes it a crime to sell to The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Missouri offers an minors even by licensed people, and the general provision of the amendment, which the Clerk will report. statute making it necessary to take out a license imposes penal­ The Clerk read as follows _: ties for sale without a license to anybody, including children as On page 2, line 3, after · the word " shall," insert the words " when well as adults. sold by weight or measure." Mr. GARRETT. Will the gentleman permit? I ask the at­ 1\Ir. TAYLOR of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, we accept that am,end­ tention of the gentleman from Tennessee. Is not this the condi­ ment. tion of affairs which this bill is designed to meet? At present, The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the amend­ under the law of the District, or applicable to the District, a ment. dealer in liquors can not sell to a minor, even a licensed dealer · The question was taken ; and the amendment was agreed to. but a minor, not being able to go and purchase himself; ge~ T~e bill as amended was ordered to a third reading, was read some friend who is an adult as agent for h-im to go and pur­ the third time, and passed. . chase, and is not this bill intended to prevent such a practice as that? · · · On motion of Mr. TAYLOR, a motion to reconsider the vote by Mr. SillS. That is exactly what the letter from the chief of which the bill was passed was laid on the table. police- here says, and that is the reason for this bill. ALEXANDER PLACE AND POPLAR STREET. Mr. CRUl\1PACKER. That is a pure matter of speculation. 1\fr. TAYLOR of Ohio. 1\fr. Speaker, I desire to call up the It would seem that the law prohibiting the sale of liquor to a bill H. R. 19568, and I ask unanimous consent that the sub­ minor would cover the question now either directly or indirectly. stitute be. read in lieu of the original" bill. Mr. SIMS. Let me state to the gentleman or, in other words The SPEAKER. Is there objection? read what Major Sylvester says on that subject, and I invite th~ There was no objection. gentleman's attention to that letter of Major Sylvester dated Tbe SPEAKER. The Clerk will read the substitute. December 7, 1906. · The Clerk read as follows : He says: Be it enacted, etc., That upon the passage of this act the Commis­ HEADQUARTERS OF THE METROPOLITA...~ POLICE DEPARTMENT sioners of the District of Columbia are hereby authorized and directed - lVashington, December 1: 1.906. to abandon Alexander place and that portion of Poplar street dedi­ Hon. HEJNRY L. WEST, - • cated to the District of Columbia in the subdivision of a part of Lin­ Commissioner, Distr·ict of Columbia. coln, recorded in book, county, 18, page 35 of the records of the sur­ DEAR Sm: There is provision in law against the selling of intoxi­ veyor's office; the area so abandoned to revert to the present owner of cating liquors to mi?ors, . but, despite the existence of such, the atten­ all the lots in said subdivision. tion of the police IS called to cases of boys under the influence of drink. Investigation of these case!i. has convinced those charged with 1\Ir. TAYLOR of Ohio. 1\Ir. Speaker, I yield to the gentleman the duty that they do not result from purchases made by minors, but from New York [Mr. OLCOTT] for an explanation of the bill. 1100 CONGRESSIONAL ~ R"EOORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 14;

.1\Ir. OLCOTT. .Mr. Speaker, this is a bill to vacate Alexander 1\Ir. TAYLOR of Ohio._ I yield to the gentleman fTom New place and Poplar street in the subdivision of Lincoln. These York. streets only e.x:ist on paper. They never have been made, and Mr. OLCOTT. Mr. Speaker, t11is is a bill that the Engineer the Commis ioners and "the property owners adjoining are both Department of the Army not only appro\ed, but particularly very desirous of laying out other streets. Of course, no fur­ asked for. So far as that department is conce.rned, the utmost ther subdivision and no other map as to the treatment of this expedition, as I understand, that was practicable has been made, particular property · can be made without the· consent of the and the Chief of Engineers makes a specific report to us tllat the Commissioners, and it does not in any way interfere with the contractors have done as well as it was possible for tllem to do. present extension of highways contemplated, but it seems to be In his letter reporting upon this matter, General Mackenzie stated desirable on account of the beauty of the city of Washington that complications arose relative to the peculiar structure of and for other purposes. · that bridge which made it imperatively necessary to have the 1\Ir. PERKINS. Will the gentleman yield? time extended so that proper work be done upon the approaches Mr. OLCOTT. I will. of the bridge. It was thought advisable by the Chief of Engi­ Mr. PERKINS. Is the title of this land abandoned now in neers to extend this time because, as he has stated, the delny was the Dish·ict of Columbia? not tile fault of the contractors. Mr. OLCO'.IT. Yes. Mr. HEPBURN. Will the g(mtlem~ yield to me? Mr. PERKINS. How did it acquire title? 1\Ir. OLCOTT. C~rtainly. Mr. OLCOTT. It acquired title by the gift of the property l\Ir. HEPBURN. Woul.d it not be wise, in order to save the owners-by the making of the plat as to the way they expected time of the Congress, in view of the many extensions they have had, to lay their streets through their own private property. · that we should provide at this time for certai.I). additional ex­ Mr. PERKiNS. They did not buy the land? tensions in order to meet the contingencies as they arise. 'Vould Mr. OLCOTT. They did not buy the land. It was dedicated it not be wise for the gentleman to amend his bill so that after; originally. I ask for a vote on the bill. the day fixed for this extension he should have language some­ .Mr. FITZGERALD. Why is this property being ceded back thing like this : "And another extension until the 1st day of to the owners ? · August; " and again a third section giving another extension. · Mr. OLCOTT. For the reason that the Commissioners believe It will save time. I think there is a penalty the contractors are that it will be beneficial for that section ·of the city to put the liable to. I suppo e that this penalty or this forfeiture might streets in another place. No improvements have been made; ha\e been made long ago, but time after time these gentlemen nothing has been done except the mere filing .of a map dedicat­ have come in asking extensions, and they have got them. This ing certain portions of the property to publfc streets. Now, it is the fourth el..'tension, I think, that has been made. Each time is desirable to change the plan and to put the streets in another it saved these gentlemen from the penalty. Now, I believe they part of the property. have played with this House long enough; they have played with 1\Ir. FITZGEllALD. Have the owners dedicated land for the this legislation long enough and with their obligations under new streets? their contract, and some gentlemen, who are contractors with the Mr. OLCOTT. They have not done so yet, but the property Government, who habitually fail to comply ·with their contracts, could not be subdivided and they could not make use of it ought to be brought up with a round turn and an example made without providing sh·eets that would be satisfactory to the of them. Commissioners. Mr. TAWNEY. Will the gentleman yield to me for a minute? Mr. FITZGERALD. Do they intend to dedicate the land or Mr. HEPBURN. Certainly. will the city be compelled to condemn it? l\1r. TAWNEY. Has the gentleman visited this structure? Mr. OLCOTT. If they did not intend to file a new plat and Mr. HEPBURN. No, sir. map of new streets, but really intended to keep the property Mr. TAWNEY. Are you acquainted with the fact that it has exactly as it was, there is no power in the Commissioners to in­ been practically impossible for them to find a foundation for sist upon a change without condemnation of the streets. one of the concrete piers necessary in the construction of tbis 1\Ir. FITZGERALD. Why not put a provision in this bill and ~~? . having it effective upon the dedication of other lands- required . 1\Ir. HEPBURN. No, sir. for the opening of streets through this plat? Mr. T.A WNEY. I will state to the gentleman that I was 1\Ir. OLCOTT. The Commis ioners state in their report that down there only ·a short time ago, and it is a fact that it has they are in fa\or of conceding to the property owners who been impossible, thus far, to get a solid foundation for one of own this large amount of land, but desire to plat it and map it the concrete piers; and they are working at it now. The diffi­ up, that portion of the property formerly dedicated for streets. culty in securing the foundation has caused the delay. lt is so much to the property owners' interest to have this Mr. HEPBURN. I do know this, Mr. Speaker, that there maPl)ed into lots that the Commissioners feel they were en­ ha\e been two or three extensions. I assume. that tho e exten­ tirely protected by the fact that they will have to pass upon any sions have been for such time as has been asked for. These proposed dedication or disposition of streets, and they ask that gentlemen have fixed their own time, and they are engineers, or this bill should be passed in this way because it is a part of the they have engineers . in their employ, I have no doubt; but genei·al plan to impro\e this particplar section. ther.e is some other reason than this failure to find a proper The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the amend­ foundation or a foundation that would suit them. I know ment. enough about engineering, without knowing anything profes­ '.rhe question was taken ; and the amendment was agreed to. sionally, to know that engineers overcome difficulties of this The bill as amended was ordered to be engrossed and read a kind, and that if there had been zeal probably they would have third time ; was ;ead the third time, and passed. overcome the difficulties and that without coming to this House On motion <>f Mr. OLcoTT, a motion to reconsider the vote by not once, but twice, three times, and now perhaps the fourth which the bill was passed was laid upon the table. time that they are seeking for this extension. HIGHWAY BRIDGE ACROSS THE POTOMAC RIVER. - Mr. OLCOTT. Mr. Speaker, the report that we have received from the Chief Engineer of the Army satisfied us so entirely . 1\Ir. TAYLOR of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I call up Senate joint that the delay in the construction of thi~ bridge was not the resolution 76. fault of the contractors, and that they ha\e exercised reason­ The Clerk read as follows : able zeal in the prosecution of the work, it seemed to us, and it Joint resolution (S. R. 76) providing for an extension of time for com­ seems to me now, that we must adopt that recommendation and pleting the highway bridge and approaches across the Potomac River. at Washington, D. C. pass this resolution. Rcsolt;ed, etc., That the time for completing the constru<;tlon of the The SPEAKER. The question is on the third reading of the highway bridge and approaches across the Potomac River, authorized Senate joint resolution. by ection 12 of the act of Congress approved February 12, 1901; en­ The question was taken; and the Speaker announced that the titled "An act to provide for eliminating certain grade crossings on the line of fhe 13altimore and Potomac Railroad Company, in the city of ayes seemed to have it. Washington, D. C., and requiring said company to depre&J an9 elevate Mr. HEPBURN. Division! its tracks, ·and to enable it to relocate parts of its railroad therein, and The House divided; and there were--ayes 50, noes 10. for other purposes," as amended by the District of Columbia appropri­ ation act approved July 1, 1902, and as . amended by joint resolution Mr. HEPBURN. A parliamentary inquiry. How many con­ providing for an extension of time for completing the highway bridge stitute a quorum? and approaches across the Potomac River at Washington, D. C., ap­ The .SPEAKER. One hundred and ninety-three, the Chair proved February 18, 1905, and as amended by joint resolution provid· ing fo.r an extension of time for completing the highway bridge ancl believes--about that. approaches across the Potomac River at Washington, D. C., approved So the joint resolution was ordered to a third reading; and February 19, 1906, be, and is hereby, extended to June 30, 1907. it was accordingly read the third time, and passed. Mr. HEPBURN. Mr. ~peaker, I would like the gentleman to On motion of 1\!r. OLCoTT, a motion to reconsider the vote by make some explanation of this resolution. wbich the joint resolution was passed was laid on the table. 1907 .. · CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE; 1101.

W ANn ADAMS STREETS, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. fep.se of our insular possessions. I ·will not do this in any 5119) spirit of criticism of my colleagues on the Appropriations Com· The SPEAKER laid before tbe House the bill ( S. mittee, radical as may be tbe views I hold in opposition to. parts authorizing the extension of W and Adams streets NW., with of the bill. House amendments thereto, disagreed to by the Senate, and a I understand a general conservative policy of making appro­ conference asked. priations for our insular possessions has obtalned for some · Mr. TAYLOR of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House years, and this is some excuse for the committee's present insist on its amendments and agree to the confei·ence asked by action. the Senate. There are some of my colleagues on the committee, and they The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Ohio moves that the are, perl;laps, not confined to one party, who oppose any defen­ House insist upon its amendments to this bill and agree to the sive fortifications for the Philippines, because they desire that our conference· asked by the Senate. sovereignty over them should be surrendered to some foreign '!'he motion was agreed to ; and the Speaker announced as oriental. power, or to the Filipino inhabitants, or failing either conferees on the part of the House Mr. BABcocK, Mr. SAMUEL of these events that they may be left so exposed to foreign in­ W. SMITH, and Mr. Snds. vasion as to fall an easy prey to any first comer. Mr. TAYLOR of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, the Committee on the There are others who believe in homeopathic appropriations, Di~trict of Columbia has no further business to offer for the looking to a possible time when our western insular possessions consideration of the House to-day. may become sufficiently defensively fortified as to secure them · LARVAN GORDON. from successful attack by any foe, they relying on war not com­ ing in the meantime with a maritime power to take them By unanimous consent the Committee on Private Land Claims from us. was discharged from the further consideration of the b~ll ( S. With those opposed to any appropriations for the defense of 5869) for . the relief of Larvan Gordon, and· the same was, re­ these islands and with those who favor gradual or piecemeal felTed to the Committee on the Public Lands. appropriations for them, looking to possible defensive fortifica­ LEAVE OF ABSENCE. tions being completed at some indefinite time in the future, I By unanimous consent, leave of absence was granted to Mr. equally differ. I see little practical difference between these BRUMM, until Wednesday, January 16, on account of important two classes of believers; the merit may be with the former. The conservative in an emergency always becomes the most busin·ess. dangerous. He stands for a friend to a cause, but his acts are FORTIFICATIONS APPROPRIATION DILL; too wavering and halting to be relied on to meet an impending Mr. SMITH of Iowa. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House crisis when the cause is endangered. These two classes unite resolve itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the in preventing proper fortifications in the insular possessions. state of the Union, for the further consideration of the fortifi~ I shall also, at the ·close of my remarks, have something to cations appropriation bill ; and pending that motion I desire say about the importance of fortifying the mouth of the Chesa­ to call attention to the manner in which the time of the com­ peake Bay between Capes Henry and Charles. The bill carries mittee was consumed on Friday last, and to state .that it bas no appropriation for this purpose. been impossible for the members of the subcommittee, in the I will not spend much time with the general details of the time originally limited, properly to present the bill to the Com­ bill, as I am satisfied that it is as good as can reasonably be ex­ mittee of the Whole, and I ask unanimous consent that the time pected under all the circumstances, save in two important for general debate be extended two hours. · . respects, which I shall try to point out- I will first have some­ The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Iowa moves that the thing to say with reference to the geography of our countJ.·y, or House resolve itself into the Committee of the Whole House on rather of tbe extent of our territories and of their exposed situa· the state of the Union for the further consideration of the for­ tion in case of ·war. tifications appropriation bill; and pending that motion asks It bas long been a prol'erb that the sun· never sets on British unanimous consent that the time for general debate be extended soil ; this is now equally true as to the domain of the United two hours. Is tl;l,ere objection? States, and it was nearly true before the acquisition of the Mr. LIVINGSTON. Mr. Chairman, is that in accordance Haw.aiian and Philippine islands. When it is sunri e on the · with an under tanding with the committee? eastern coast of Maine the sun is just setting in the Philippine Mr. SMITH of Iowa. It is in accordance with an understand- Archipelago of the day previous. ing with several of the members of the committee. The .longitude of the most eastern coast of Maine is 67° west Mr. LIVINGSTON. How is the time to be divided? .of Greenwich and that of the western coast of Attoo Island is Mr. SMITH of Iowa. The time is to be equally divided? 172° 30' east (or 187° 30' counted west from Greenwich) ; that of The SPEAKER . . The time to be equally divided between the Honolulu, Hawaii, is 157.0 52' west; of l\Ianila, P . 1., 120° 58' two sides. Is there objection to the modified request? east; of San Juan, P .. R. (the city located the farthest east of . There was no objection. any in the United States), is 66° 07' 28"; of Washington City, The motion of Mr. SMITH of Iowa was agreed to. 77o west; of San Francisco, Cal., 122° 22' 30" west; of Cape Accordingly the House resolved itself into the Committee Of 1\iendocino, California. 124° 24:' 25", and of Cape Blanco, Oregon, the Whole House on the state of the Union for the further con­ 124° 33' 30" west; of Cape Flattery, Washington, 124° 44' 05" sideration of the bill making appropriations for fortifications west, and of Sitka, Alaska, 13"5° 20' 20" west. and other works of defense, for the armament thereof, fnr the '!'be most east~rn point of any of tbe States is West Quoddy procurement of heavy ordnance for trial and service, and for Head light, Maine (66° 57' 04"), and the most western is Cape other purposes, with Mr. MANN in the chair. Flattery, Washington. The most eastern point of any of the Mr. SMITH of Iowa. Mr. Chairman, by agreement with the United States possessions is Reef Point, Culebra,· off the east gentleman from New York [Mr. FITZGERALD] we now yield an coast of Porto Rico, 65° 13' 15" west longitude, and the most hour and a quarter to the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. KEIFER], western part of the line of the Philippine poss~ssions is 116° east one hour to be charged to me and fifteen minutes to the gentle­ longitude, and tbe east line of the Philippine cession under the man from New York. treaty of Paris (1898) is 127° east longitude. The western The CHAIRl\fAN. . In accordance · with the statement of the point of tbe Philippines is West Balabac Island, 116° 55' east, gentleman from Iowa, the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. KEIF:EB] and the most eastern point is Bakillin Eoint, Mindanao, 126° 30'. is recognized for one hour and fifteen minutes. It may be observed that, measured longitudinally, the most l\1r. KEIFER. Mr. Chairman, I hope again, as on a previous easterly line of tbe Philippine possessions is almost exactly occasion, to violate the accustomed rule when the House is in (180°) halfway around the world, measured either way, from Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union considering the east coast of the United States. an. appropriation bill by sticking as closely as possible to the Even excluding the Philippine possessions, it may be a matter bill under consideration. of some surprise to find the center, longitudinally, of the Since the fortifications appropriation bill has been in t1Jis United States is not within any of the States of the Union. The Horu;e there have been such turbulent tim~s here as to indicate distance between Eastport, 1\Je. (67° · west) and Attoo, Alaska that we ought to have other appropriations for other tban mere (172° 30' east), is 120° 30', and the one-half the distance is seacoast defenses ; but I shall confine my remarks mainly to 60° 15', which, added to the 67", gives 127° 15' as the center line the bill, if possible. of longitude between the two extreme limits. This line is This bill, as I understand it, carries appropriations for fortifi­ 4o 51' 40" (or 292 geographical miles) west of San Francisco, cations amounting to $5,414,883, to be expended the next fiscal Cal., in the Pacific Ocean, and 2° 31' (about 150 miles) outside year. of Cape F lattery, Washington, the most western point of any I shall speak only as to the policy adopted, or, r.ather, as to State. the lack of any plans or policy, in making provision for the de~ But the longitudinal center of the whole of the United States, 1102 ·QONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 14;

including all of their island possessions, is about the line the importance of trade and commerce, foreign and domestic, 155° 30' of west longitude, almost (within 3°) the longitude -of witil and· on account of the islands. Honolulu and 65° 45' east of the longitude of Tokyo, Japan. In making up the cost to the United States of these islands so The Philippine Islands lie southeast of the continent of Asia, far, it may be summed up as consi ting of the larger part of the but westward of Japan, and form a part of the great East India material cost of the Spanish war, the $20,000,000 paid to Spain AI·cilipelago, and they are connected by three isthmu es, partly in money under Article III of the treaty of Paris (1808) some­ submerged, with Borneo, and the Sulu Sea lies between two of wilat in the nature of a purchase consideration, the cost of them. The islands are surrounded on ilie north and west by maintaining a Philippine war which broke out at Manila in the China Sea, on the east by the Pacific Ocean, and on tile February, 1890, and the further co t of occupying the islands south by the Sea of Celebes. The Sulu arid the Celebes seas continuously with the civil, military, and naval powers of tile are largely, and the smaller seas of Mindanao, .Jolo, Surigao, Union and in maintaining peace and order and in efforts to pac­ Visayan, etc., are wholly, inclosed by the islands. ify, organize, educate, civilize, and Christianize the inhabitRnh~. :Mindanao, next to the largest island of the group-36,292 If the whole of such cost in money could be segregated from con­ square miles in area-extends farthest east and south of the nected expenses of our Government since April, ·1898, when the larger islands, Paragua the farthest west of the larger islands, war with Spain broke out, it would dizzy us with its enormity. and Luzon, the largest and mo t important--40,969 square mile· The acqui ition of the little 100 by 40 mile island of Porto Rico in area, larger than the State of Ohio-the farthest north of could have been purchased at so much an ·acre with a slllall the large islands. The archipelago is only 500 miles at the fraction of such cost. It is, . however, the only near-by gem nearest part from the continent of Asia and 1,000 miles from or locket tile nation wears danglino- around its neck in token Australia, and from the nearest point of land on the northwest of its achievements by ea and land in the Spanish war, to the China coast it is only 230 kilometers, but the nearest the only war that ever aro e between nation olely becau e one land on the north is the island of Formosa. Tile area of the of them demanded of the other that it shoultl surrender its islands, so for as surveyed, is 115,026 square miles. sovereignty over an important part of its domain because of its The total number of islands in the Philippine group belonging cruelty or inhumanity toward its own subjects re iding thereon. to the United States, so far as found and enumerated, ·is 3,141, The cost in sorrow, suffering, tears, and blood I here eliminate. and 1,668 of them have been listed by name and 1,473 are, o The time is near at hand when we shall have to voluntarily far as known, without name . Islands are still arising from abandon all our distant island possessions and transfer the the seas abounding. sovereignty over them to a yet to be formed independent nation, The eastern boundary line of our Philippine posse sions is or given them to some other power, or surrender them to the first 55° 30' wesnvard of Attoo Island and it is 110° 36' 30"-almost foe that seeks them, or we snail have ,to effectively fortify them. 7,000 miles-farther west than San Francisco, our most im­ To thus fortify these di tant i. laud pos e sions is our only portant Pacific coast city and harbor for ships. l\Ianila, or security against attack. Leaving them as they are now inYites Manila Bay, is, longitudinally, distant from San Francisco war and certain national humiliation in our own eyes and in 116° 38' 30", or 7,000 miles. The true distance to be navigated the eyes of all the world. No nation accounted a war power is vastly greater. among tQ.e powers of the earth now holds important possessions From Tokyo to l\Ianila the distance is comparatively very so much exposed to capture for want of proper defensive works silort, and tile Aleutian Islands and other portions of Alaska are as the United States. Their geographical situation and expo ed easier of acce s and by shorter lines from Japan or the conti­ condition invite attack and insult from any and all the maritime nent of Asia than from our nearest seaboard harbor po sessing nations of the earth. When war comes it will be too late to a naval base. repair the neglect. Treasure, energy, heroism, and sacrifice of The following table, prepared at my request by the Hydro­ human life will then prove useless. A fleet from an oriental graphic Office, Washington, D. c.; may be of interest and furnish third-class power could possess Honolulu and :Manila practically data for deductions by the curious: without real resistance, and when taken the inhabitant of the Table sl101cing longitude of certain places in the United States, inclltd· islan~s might form armies to aid in holding them. It is said ing thei1· oriental possessions, etc. tilere are now in Hawaii enough Japanese men, many of them soldiers who fought in the recent war with Russia, to consti­ West Quoddy H ead light (most eastern point of any of the State:;) ------66 57 04.W. tute a very large army corps, to say nothing of the natiYe and Westem coast of Attoo Island ______172 30 00 F. other inhabitants who would prove unfriendly to us. So of the Honolulu (harbor light)------157 52 oow. Philippines. . Should we lose the Philippine Islands to an ener­ Manila (custom-house) ------120 58 00 E. San Juan (Morro· light)------flG 07 28W. getic enemy, Alaska would also fall an easy prey to him. With Washington (Naval Observatory)------·77 03 56. 7W. · these parts of our domain once in the bands of an enemy, a long, . San l<'rancisco (ferry wharf)------122 23 30W. costly, and bloody war in a distant part of the world would Cape Mendocino (light)------~------124 24 25W. Cape Blanco (light)---'------124 33 ROW. ensue, with all its attendant evil consequences. Cape Flattery (light)------"----- 1 2 ~ 44 06W .. At the rate and in the manner we are proceeding and pro­ Sitka (wharf) ------1 3 ~ 20 20W .. posing to proceed to fortify Honolulu and Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, Reef Point (most eastern point of Culebra, P. R.) -- 65 13 15W. Most western point of Philippines is West Balabac and Manila and Manila Bay, in the Philippines, should the Island------116 55 OOE. patchwork bold o-ood from year to year, we would not succeed Most eastern point of Philippines is Bakillin Point, in effectively fortifying either place in twenty-five year. . My ~indanao ------~------126 30 OOE. Tokyo (castle) ______latitude 35o 41' 00" N __ 139 45 00 E . own· belief is that if Congress should, without definite plans or The great statesman, Daniel Webster, in describing the uni­ purposes, continue to pursue the policy of appropriations so far versality and almost limitless extent of the British Empire, pursued and proposed to be continued by this bill in relation to exclaimed that- fortifying these islands, they never would be fortified effectively, and we would throw away many millions of dollars more than Its morning drum beat follows the sun In its course, keeps pace with the hours, and circles the earth with one continuous stram of the it would cost to properly fortify them. We should listen to martial airs of England. the recommendations of the President of the United States, of So we may, dropping the martial figure, now exclaim of the the Secretary of War, and of the distingui Il ed board and almost boundless domain of our yet young American Repub­ officers of our Army and Navy who have so carefully and ma­ lic .that: turely considered the necessity and methods of fortifying these The sun of beaven never ceases through all the hours of the exposed places. day to shine on her possessions and to flash its golden rays on Some say we may rely on the Navy to protect us from dis­ her blood-consecrated flag of freedom, illumining its starry and aster, and that we can soon su~mon an army from tile yeo­ purified folds wherever unfurled, typifying her resplendent his­ manry of this country. If this were a safe reliance, we bould tory and glorifying that liberty of law guaranteed by the Con- not depend upon it, but it is not. We baye" no pre ent superior stitution of the United States of America. [Applause.] · Navy, and there is no assurance that we will h::tYe one in any Passing from the geography of the Philippine Islands, ·we reasonable time; but· if we had such a -Navy, we would not keep find their native civilized inhabitants, so far as a census has it halfway around the world looking for trouble. The Atlantic been or probably can be made, number 6,987,686; it is generally coast wou!d claim some of it, if not the princip:1I part of it. reported that there are 7,000,000 Christianized Filipinos in these Some of tpose who oppose the fortification of om di. tant pos es­ islands. It is estimated by some authorities that there are al o sions would be the first to cry out against enc'!! no- our Navy to in the islands 2,000,000 people still belonging to the wild tribes. protect them, and if war came would be the last to consent to The common estimate is 10,000,000 of inqabitants of all kinds its being sent to defend them. in the islands. The Army, both regular and volunteer, will do its duty in any The importance of tile islands on account of their varied crisis, but we Ilave bad enough experience in maintaining an tropical ancl otiler productions bas been from time to time dis­ army on a war footing in distant parts; and so of the cost of cussed here in connection with tariff legislation, and so as to doing so. 1907. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. 1103'

We have done much for the Philippines besides merely taking suffering upon our people, which at one time threa~ened the g;ravest national disaster, and which. in spite of the necessity of wagmg it, and holding po session of them for over eight years and enforc­ resulted merely in what was in effect a drawn battle, while the balance ing peace and order amoug the discordant inhabitants: . We of defeat and triumph was almost even. · have inaugurated and maintained therein, partly under milltnry CUBA. control, but largely through a civil admini ~trati?n~ a form of As to Cuba, that bright gem of the Arltilles, where all the republican government under Governor-General W1lllam .H. Ta.ft cause of the war originated, where the reconcentrado policy of and his successors, all of whom ba:ve shown rare execuhve abil­ Weyler went into effect and caused thousands of noncombatant ity and have conscientiously done all that was possible to .incul­ to be starved to deatl'l, or to die of incident disease caused cate a better ·and higher civilization than was ever known rn the thereby, so shocking the sense of civilized people throughou~ the islands in all their history. · world, and especially in our own recently redeemed, disen­ We have on the overthrow of the in urrection of February, tbJralled and regenerated Union, that our country demanded that 18!)!), ~o pa'cified in urrectos: as to be able to intru t them w.i~ Spain sl'lould relinquish Cuba and her West Indian possessions the duty of aiding in preserving the public peace and protectmg at once and forever. When this demand was made good by re­ life and property. We ha.ve established public sch?ols in t.he quiring Spain to renounce her sovereignty over uba and Cuban islandc:;, and with teachers from the States we have g:xven the m­ waters, though to no other nation, it was stipulated that the lla.bitant& the opportunity for instruction and enlightenment. United States should have the right to some sort of temporary We have succe fully revLed the unjust tax system found occupancy thereof, taking upon themselves "obligations which there· which impo ed upon the poor a very large part of the ex­ by the fact _of occupancy international law imposes upon them pens~s of maintaining the government, and in its stead we have for the protection of life and property." . installed a modern system of taxation which egualizes the bur­ (Who ]m(}ws of any international law imposing obligations on dens on all citizens alike. a country, who, without right or title, or claim or pretense. of We have substituted in the islands for a fluctuating medium acquiring any right or title thereto, assumes to occupy a foreign of exchanO'e a stable currency and a settled monetary sy:stem. country?) · Our Go;ernment bas built roads, erected lines of telegraph, As a further anomaly in international matter~. Article XVI worl~s, built light-houses, anil constructed barb?r erected scbool­ of th~ treaty provided that "at the end of said .occupancy they hou~es, and inaugurated a postal ·service whiCh largely meets [the United States] will advise the government that may be es­ the requirements of business and personal correspondenc e~ also tablished in the island that it should accept the same obliga- established a postal-savings bank to protect the earnings of the tions," whatever they migbt be. . poor. In fulfillment of these treaty provisions we occupied Cuba We have created municipal governments in the islands which with a sort ·of half-and-half military and civil occupancy, S1lr­ are now administered by officials elected by the people. The or­ rendering it to a so-called "Cuban Republic" on May 20, 1902, ganized provinces are now presided over by go;ernors, also after a more than three years' occl?-pancy. Besides certain pro­ elected by the people, and by two officials appointed by the chief visions ratifying acts of the United States during our occupancy, executive of the islands. A judicial system bas been put into Cuba. assuming the payment of such debts on account of the oc­ successful operation, which gives the people an administration cupa ncy as we had contracted and not paid, and agreeing " to. of justice that protects the rich and poor alike, native as well as sell or lease to the United States the lands necessary for coal­ forehmer. Our Government has purchased the landed proper­ ing or naval stations" and to reserve the question of the title ties ~f the religious orders, and has given the tenants and of the Island of Pines for future adjustment by treaty, an ap­ other oeeupants of land the opportunity and the rigbt to, on pendix to the Cuban constitution embodied the provisions of an easy terms, acquire titles to lands ; and it bas established ·a act of Congress, approved March 2, 1901 (sometimes called the criminal and civil code of laws which secure to tho~e accused Platt amendment), which provided that the United States of crime the right to be informed of the charges against them should enjoy ·a certain right of intervention, in language fol- and the right to a speedy public trial according to the general lowing: · principles of the English common law, and to suitors fair and ARTICLE III. That th-e -Government of Cuba consen.ts that the United impartial trials, generally before native judges. Freedom of States may exercise the right to intervene for the preservation of Cuban speech and the press now exist in the islands, and the people independence. the maintenance of a government adequate fo~ the pyo­ have a right to assemble peaceably and petition for the redress tection of Ufe, property, and individual Uberty, and for dlsc~gmg the obligations with respect to Cuba imposed by the treaty of Pans on of grievances; and their inhabitants now enjoy, under protective tbe United States, now to be assumed ::tnd undertaken by the Govern-. laws, the free exercise a~d enjoyment of religious worship and ment of Cuba. profession. This left the United States without sovereign rigl'lts in Cuba Shall it ever be said that our Government has done and ac­ or over its government and .shorn of anything but a duty, self­ complished all this, and vastly more, in these islands only to imposed, to act as a police to any weak or impotent governm~nt shamefully and in abject humiliation abandon them all for want called a republic that might be established. This duty, bemg of the courage and ability to protect her own occupancy of without time limit, will obtain through all time, unless the obli­ them? Do we not owe it to our Americanism and to our pro­ gation be broken. gressive character as a civilized and· civilizing nation to main­ The forerunner of this article, and on the same line, was' tain and make secure what we have so far accomplished? the section (called often the Teller provision) in the joint It is to avert the necess-ity and the great cost of having to resolution of Congre s dated A.pril 20, 1898, demanding that maintain a navy in the Orient and the danger of having to Spain relinquish her authority and g{)vernment of the island summon an army to war that I favor present modern forti­ of Cuba and in Cuban waters, which was in the following lan­ fications at the principal places named. It will prove eco­ guage: nomical to do this. And it may, and I believe it will, save us Fourth. That the United States hereby disclaims any disposit~on or from war and grievous humiliation in the near future. We intention to exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control ov.er s;tid Island should not boast of being a war power among the powers of except for the pacification thereof, and as erts its determmatwn,. when the world until we have protected our country from the most that is accomplished, to leave the gove:rnm.ent and control ol the island obvious dangers from the other powers, even from the most to its people. insignificant of them. President Roosevelt's views on the ne­ This declaration illustrates the danger of making proclama­ cessity of preparing for war to avoid it and on the necessary tions of virtue, Of purpose, or of poli.cy when on the eve of · • economy in doing so, and especially the practical example which war or of' any great event or action. Existing conditions should not be complicated by previous pledges, promises, or proclama- he cites in his last annual message, are well worth our atten­ tions. · ·· tion. I read : We have had to attempt to intervene once already to· uphold The United States Navy is the surest guarantor of peace wfilch this country possesses. It is earnestly to be _wished that we would profit what promised to be a good administration of a republican form by the teachings of history in this matter. A strong and wise people of government estabfished and put in operation under a written will study its own failures no less than its triumphs, for there is wis­ constitution, with a distinguished Cuban patriotic citizen­ dom to be learned from the study of both, of. the mistake as well as of the success-. For this purpose nothing could be more instruct! ve T. Estrada Palma-at its head. This attempted intervention than a rational study of the war of 1812, as it is told, for instance, to uphold President Palma's administration of course failed, by Captain Mahan. There was ~n1y one way ~ which that war and on the 29th of September, 1906, in virtue of said Article III, could have been avoided. If durmg the precedmg twelve years a navy relatively as strong as that which this country now . has had the President of the United ·states, through tile Secretary of been bullt up, and an army provided relatively as good as that whi.ch War :Mr. Taft, established a provisional government in Cuba the country now has, there never would have been the slightest ne­ und~r the authority of the United States, and it still exists. cessity of fighting the war; and if the necessity had arisen, the war would under such circumstances have ended with our speedy and over­ We sent an army of about 6,000 men to Cubn, a large part of whelming triumpli. But our people during those twelve years re­ which is still at old Camp Columbia (l\Iarianao), near Ha­ fused to make any preparations whatever regaTding either- the Army bana-a camp I participated in establishing and where I once or the Navy ~ They sa-ved a million ol' so dollars by so doing; and in mere money paid a. hundred fold for each million they tl:~us saved dur­ (1898-9) commanded United States troops-p_resumnbly pre­ ing the three years of war which followed-a war wli.ich brought untold serving the peace at great expense. Wben this first attempt 1104 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 14,"

to run and govern a foreign power is to end depends; it is triotically declared in favor of Cuban independence and against said, on a change in the election laws of Cuba, and on their the purpose to go to war with Spain for conquest, or for the -administration to the ·satisfaction of all parties or factions. acquisition of territory, we did not keep such declaration, either It seems to be now established as a precedent for United States in letter or spirit. intervention in Cuba, or for the establishment of a provisional We refused to take the sovereignty of Cuba when offered us government there, tl:lat all that is necessary is for any con­ by the treaty commissioners of Spain during the negotiations siderable number of the people of Cuba who are not pleased at Paris (1898), as we are informed, yet we did not hesitate to with the result of an election to fly to the bushes and organize take Porto Rico near by,' and possibly the Isle of Pines arid and arm insurgent bands, then threaten -the existing powers, other smaller islands in the Antilles, a~d 3,141 islands1 great and take life and destroy property. and small, on the other side of the globe. With Cuba our senti­ We are indeed living in strange times. · Past conditions and ment of this kind became exhausted, and the United States precedents are, as a result of the Spanish war, thrown to the have only become a wet nurse to her whenever she is in dis­ winds in important governmental policies. tress or some of her inhabitants cry aloud. I always favored, And we are n.ot even governi~g Cuba in the sole interest of after the war was declared, the complete acqui ition. of Cuba, her people, but rather for foreigners. The Secretary of War and with Cuba I would have been willing to let the Philippine in his recent annual report states, what is doubtless true, that- Islands remain Spanish territory, or become independent, or. A large part of the property in Cuba is owned by foreigners. • . "' * pass into other. hands more nearly related to their inhabitants The greater part of the wealth of Cuba is in its sugar plantations and in race, in habits, or in conditions. · in its sugar mills and machinery, most of which is owned by foreign capital. We may yet acquire Cuba, but not without insurrectionary This ownership is-not largely by United States citizens. war and at the cost of life, limb, treasure, and blood. · This unfortunate situation grew partly out of the conditions President Roosevelt or his Administration is not responsible existing prior to the late Spanish-American war, but it resulted for past occurrences or present conditions in Cuba. princi}>ally from a policy promulgated during our military oc­ But now the Philippines are our , and we have assumed grave cupancy and wben valuable tobacco and cane lands were gener­ responsibilities in relation to them and to the 10,000,000 of ally very cheap and in the market. Citizens of the Ubited people inhabiting them, and to those of our country who ba.ve, States were then practically prohibited from purchasing such as a consequence of our occupancy and ownership, become per­ lands of the Cubans on the theory that our then occupancy of manent residents thereof. The flag and the Constitution of the Cuba was so far parental,· or in the character of a personal United States are in the Philippines and together, and new· and guardianship that dealing with. the Cubans would be tainted important duties accompany them. These duties can not be with unfairness and partake of the nature of coercion, if not evaded patriotically or honorably by neglect to safeguard our of fraud. But the capitalists from England, Canada, Germany, title and possession of these islands. National honor, interest, France, and eT"en from Spain. could freely buy and secure titles and duty alike call on us to so legis'late as to protect these is­ to these cheap and desirable lands. So as to franchises and lands and their inhabitants, at least so long as we continue our concessions of every kind. No United States citizen dared ap­ sovereignty over them. [Applause.] ply ; only absolute foreigners acquired such valuable rights. And should we at some time in the future conclude for any They secured great h·acts of land and now hold them in per­ reason to voluntarily sell and cede them to another power, the petuity, and .our now established military government of Cuba cost of permanent fortifications can be included in the consid­ is engaged in preserving the peace and order so that these eration to be received. foreigners may enjoy the fruits of their bargains, and feel sure In the rise and fall of nations history -teaches us many les­ they can, from year to year, receive and spend in their palatial sons, and there are yet others to be learned. It may be in the foreign homes, principally in European capitals, the net in­ divine plan that our flag and constitutional principles· are ·no·w on the other side of the earth, planted and established there to come from their Cuban investments. advance the cause of humanity, to upbuild civilization, and to Congress in its anxiety to enforce the sentiment of disin­ spread Christianity to hitherto heathen races of mankind. terestedness on our part unwittingly legislated so that the Euro­ And above all let us not deceive ourselves and blindly hope pean nonresident speculators should own ·and safely enjoy that our unprotected condition will not be discovered or taken Cuba's valuable lands and oth-Jr property, including railroad and advantage of by another nation or by other nations; let us not other franchises and concessions of the utmost value, by adding foolishly assume that loud boasting of American prowess will a section to the Army appropriation act of March 3, 1899, which answer the same purpose as real defenses on our p.ow exposed reads as follows: distant possessions. SEC. 2. That no property, franchises, or concessions of any kind what­ ever shall be granted by the United States, or.. by any military or other The fortifications bill now before us makes no provision for authority whatever, in the island of Cuba during the occupations any defenses in Cuba or in Porto Rico, I believe. Of this I do thereof by the United States. · not now complain. Our own people only were discriminated against by this act. For seacoast batteries the bill contain.:; an appropriation of This section is probably now operating and being enforced in $600,000, to be expended in Hawaii and the Philippine Islands the island of Cuba. under no definite plan. Nothing is to be appropriated by the If no property rights or franchises or concessions had been bill for necessary sites for fortifications or for the location of granted to anybody residing outside of Cuba during our occu­ seacoast batteries in these islands. Much of the appropriations pancy, it would doubtless have been the part of wisdom, and for the insular possessions will be largely thrown away without, would at least have had the effect to reserve landed and other and for want of, a definite plan or plans for defen e at par­ property, franchises, and concessions to a later time when ticular and important places. No plan is authorized by the Cubans, through recuperation from poverty and otherwise, bill, and the little indefinite appropriation pr~posed forbids the might have acquired at least in desirable small tracts, a fair making of any plan. share of the lands. Those desiring to become actual residents The recommendations of the President, Secretary of War, and of Cubi. would also bave bad a chance to become landowners the Taft Board, composed of our most distinguished Army and there. Cuba is henceforth, certainly for long years to come, to Navy officers, are wholly disregarded so far as plans for defense • be owned abroad in large part and probably under a landed sys­ are concerned. They unite in urgently recommending the early tem worse than has so long existed in Ireland, and our country erection and completion of defensive fortifications at 1\fanila is meantime, by treaty, bound at whatever cost of men and Bay and Subic Bay, in the Philippine~, and at Pearl Harbor money to guarantee " Cuban independence, * * * to pro­ and Honolulu, Hawaii. · There is no designation in the blll even tect life, property, and individual liberty" tbrougheut Cuba. as to bow and where in these insular possessions the small The few citizens of this country who, since the war, have appropriation for seacoast batteries shall be expended., and this secured some sort of holdings in the Isle of Pines or in Cuba is only about one-third the War Department estimate for such need hardly be considered. . batteries. I was from the breaking out of the Spanish war in favor So as to the other appropriations for the insular possessions. of annexing Cuba to the United States. Cuba lays in the throat This policy will not have the merit of economy to justify it; it of our channel of commerce over the Gulf of Mexico and the will prove expensive, deceptive, and fatally useless. Caribbean Sea, and especially to and with the South American If Manila, Pearl Harbor, ~d Honolulu can be safely held in republics and Central America; and its importance is to be case of war, no great American fleet would be needed at either augmented by the opening of the Panama Canal across· the place; and a foreign enemy would not risk leaving these places Isthmus. It is so near that a once Vice-President of the United occupied in their rear. If they should be taken they would States (John C. Breckinridge) in an intended flight from his constitute bases and naval stations from which an enemy could country passed in an open rowboat from the coast of Florida sally against other parts of our country, Alaska especially. across the Gulf Stream to- Cuba. But, above all, if we have· ample defenses in these distant .While it is true, as we have seen, we seemingly and pa- possessions we are almost certain not to have war with any 1907. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE ..

oriental power. Our country would then take on the attitude of Fortress :Mom·oe, Norfolk, Newport News, the cities of Washing­ having prepared to maintain that peace which all should desire lou; Annapolis, and Baltimore, and other places on or adjacent and devoutly pray for. to the Chesapeake Bay, and the entrances to the James and Poto­ If we continue in our defenseless condition, we invite war, mac, Patuxent, Severn, and other rivers, also entrances to small with all its dire and deplorable consequences, however glorious bays, inlets, etc., will be rendered absolutely safe from attack to our arms it might seem likely to terminate. Wars have had by any foreign fleet, and the necessity of maintaining expensive their missions to fulfill for humanity; they have, in times past, defenses at any place within the bay or on tributary waters rid the world of tyrants, advanced civilization, and aided tile will become unnecessary. So all the other places on the bay spread of Christianity; they· have freed races of people, but where attacks might be made by ships of war and where troops they may come to desh·oy human rights and human liberty, to could be landed will be securely protected; and all our railroad overthrow civilization and Christianity. And should war come lines now across h·ibutary parts qf the bay (the Susquehanna, from a nation of people of other instincts and education who etc.) now wholly without defense (and they are so·to remain) believe in other destinies thn.n

look after our now defenseless and far-off insular possessions. permit; and it would be possible for a formidable hostile fleet In our next war we will not be confined to tbe defense of Wash­ when once within the bay, to itself close it against om· ships of ington and Baltimore. Our Army and Navy will Ilave to be commerce or of war, and thus cut off Washington, Baltimore, employed in distant parts. I do not believe in purely defensive Annapolis, Richmond, Newport News, · and Norfolk, and other warfare. If we are to bave war at all it should, to be success­ important places from tbe ocean. ful, 'be aggressively waged. We should assail the enemy wher­ Tbe bill carries no appropriation whatever to fortify tbe ever be may be and not confine our forces to watching and guard­ mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. The War Department now esti­ ing our own cities and shores or our coast lines. .Hence the mates for this purpose $2,GOO,OOO, and $3,000,000 was once importance of adequate seacoast defenses. And bow useless to thought necessary, including $400,000 for tile purchase of the devote our warships t-o the duty of blockading an entran.ce required lands. Now, Virginia generously stands ready to do­ channel to a great buy in & ti;:ne of war and thus paralyze tbem nate and convey the lands: As long ago as March 4, 1890, the for real work. They should be in combined fleet on the high legislature of Virginia passed an act authorizing and empower­ seas aggressively engaging and dh·erting the enemy instead of ing Iler governor to convey to tbe United States title to the lands trying to do the work of land batteries. at the mouth of the ·chesapeake Bay for tbe purpose of erecting Tile best armored ships of Russia were employed at Port fortifications for the defense of the entrance to the bay. It Arthur in its defense, and a nillnber of them were there lost. present governor recently advised the War Department that he Thus Russia not only lost some of. her best ships, but their is ready to execute tile deed of cession without cost to the United being bottled up prevented a concentration of her fleets, while States, as authorized by the act. tbe Japanese ships, being on the outside, could and did sail But now let us see who it is that regards tbe early fortifica­ away to a concentration at will, and thereby brought disaster to tion of the mouth of Chesapeake Bay as of tbe first importance; Russia. and \.Yho it is that recommends the necessary appropriations The loss of a single first-class battle ship (Russia lost several to .accomplish the work. 'l'bis will more fully appear by ap­ at Port Arthur) would entail a loss of more than twice, or per­ pended extracts from reports of distinguished officers who have haps thrice, the cost of making the entrance to the Chesapeake giv.en much examination and consideration to the subject. Bay impregnable. It is, of course, not possible for thi Government to do all ·Great Britain bas .maintained for an hundred years or more l!Il the things which might be done in its interest or for its safety, impregnable defense at Gibraltar, tbe entrance to the Medlter­ but we should do the things of the first importance, among ranean Sea, with no considerable exposed region and cities which duty demands that we fortify our immlar pos essions; behind it to protect-certainly not of such importance as we also the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay, and thereby in time have on and adjacent to the Chesapeake Bay. of zJeace prep are to maintain it. This bay is now easy to fortify at its mouth, though, including The glories of peace outshine those of war, and it is infinitely shoal waters, the distance across it is a!Jout 10 miles. By con­ cileaper to woo peace than to wage war. structing an artificial island in the entrance near the channel (as I believe in my country and ber destiny. I rejoice in Iler recommended by the Taft Board) and perhaps without such an civil history. pregnant as it is with great thing accomplished island, with modern guns and projectiles, the channel can be in securing the individual rights of man. I glory in her achieve­ closed beyond a possibility of a hostile ship o~· fleet being able to ments in war throuO'b which (177G-1783) she attained independ­ pass throtlgb it. · ence; by wbicb (1812-1815) sile later secured her rights on ·Coa t defenses or land batteries are, and always have been, and the high seas, and in which (184D-1848) still later sbe acquired · always will be regarded as superior, with like or equivalent guns, Yast territories to add to her domain, and again as a · result of to ships, however armed or armored, or to anything afloat; and which {18G1-1865) slavery under her flag became forever im­ submarine mines, torpedo boats, searchlights, and fire control for possible, a.nd still again in consequence of which (1898) the long-range guns can be used in practical work more effectively, principle was upheld that one nation bas a right to go to \Var sll should agree, on land than on shipboard. Harbor floating for humanity's sake alone, and at the end of which she · en­ defenses can also be provided if deemed necessary. A perfect larged ~er possessions and has become recognized among all plan for closing the Chesapeake against an enemy bas been nations as a first power in strength and influence. agreed on, as "e shall soon see. - Sbe should now, in her greatness, stand for all that is good It is pretended that the fortifications to protect Washington, as well as great, and for peace ; and in doing this she should Baltimore, and Annapolis, and other places inside tbe Chesa­ be just and generous to all other nations and peoples. She peake would still have to be maintained as an inner line of de­ can not bold her paramount position among nations anJ. pre­ fense. If thiJS should be deemed necessary out of abundant cau­ serve an enduring peace unless she safeguards it by putting her tion; after tbe mouth of tbe Chesapeake was effectively dosed, possessions in such state of defense as to insure their.safety. A they could be ~ept up, ready to be manned, with comparatively war footing is a peace footing. little expense. But they need not be kept up, and they are not I have never been an alarmist, nor do I profess the gift of now in all respects and in all places perfect. They certainly are prophecy; but judging the present conditions of the world by not all safe against modern guns and projectiles unless greatly the most obvious and natural rules of reasoning, I feel that .strengthened. It would be foolish policy to expend the money unless wisdom prevails in our councils and in tbe conduct !lll.d necessary to do tbis~and besides, as we have seen, Washington administrntion of our affairs, the time is at band when we are and tbe other cities could be attacked and captured without in supreme danger of being humbled as a nation and people, forcing their sea or other fortifications. · and when constitutional liberty may be endangered. I may - It is said that the building of an isla.nd in tbe mouth of the· not live to see this direful day, though others in tbe sound of my bay may be only problematical, as possibly quicksand .may voice will if we fail to do our duty here. underly the shoals. This is tbe suggestion of those who oppose Mr. Chairman, I probably have not tbe time allotted me left closing the entrance to the bay at all. And it is not proposed to go into tbe matter of reviewing the recommendations of the to appropriate any money to bunt for the quicksand. Quick­ President of the Unlted States, oft repeated, and of the Sec­ sand is as good an underbase for an island .as anything else. retary of War, and of .tbe boards that have been appointed by It is solid and it is eternally durable, unless so situated as ·to be the President and the Secretary of War. Some criticisms were liable to attack by water or so exposed as to be shifting. made at the time that the Taft Board was not authorized by It is also said a foreign fleet would not dare enter the bay; Congress and that tbe Endicott Board was. The critics seemed that if it did it would become bottled up and ultimately lost, as to think that it required a law of Congress to legislate 'brains was Cervera's at Santiago. This suggestion presupposes our into the members of the Board, or integrity, and they pretend own fleets are only employed in lying in wait for tbe enemy's not to believe anything found in tbe report of the distinguished fleet Nothing is to be leru'Iled from Cervera's fatal errors. He military and naval officers who were appointed by President sailed his fleet into a friendly harbor to aid a Spanish army and Roosevelt, called the "Taft Board." But, Mr. Chairman, with to belp protect a fTiendly city. His fleet entered a compara­ the permission of the committee, I will put in my remarks tbe tively small harbor for safety and for its defense and not .a references or extracts from the report of tbe Endicott Board, great bay with many harbors, or their equivalent, like tbe Chesa­ showing that it did not fail to recognize the importance of for­ peake Bay affords, and where BecUTe bases of oper.ation could be tifying tbe mouth of Chesapeake Bay, but that it only failed found from which to carry on destructive war against important to recommend a complete plan for so doing because the art· of cities of an enemy's country and against the most important war bad not then progressed fur enough to enable it to make 11 railroad and other lines of communication. Cervera's sailing definite . plan to fortify it, but that Board agreed, and· so re­ into Santiago furnishes no example to warn a hostile fleet not ported, that its fortification was of the first impmtance, and it to sa.il into tbe Chesapeake Bay. On the contrary, this bay, now was so indicated in paragraph 3, page 9, of its report of date of open to friend and foe alike, would invite a fleet from across the January 23, 1886. For more than twenty years the importance Atlantic to find u safe abiding pla..ce therein and to seek safe of the matter has .been urged. - havens from whence it could operate as circumstances might T.he Board -appointed. by President Roosevelt, called the " Taft 1907. QONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1107

· Board," was made up of some of the most d.istinguish~d army Mr. S ~ I 'J;'H of Iowa. The gentleman will di~?cover, I think, and na-val officers we have or ever· had. . That Board was unani­ t hat it was over $6,000,000. · . . mous in recommending_ that the place of firl;it importance, and The CHAIRMAN. 'l'he gentleman ftom Ohio asks unanimous the first that ought to be fortified in the United States of all the consent to extend his remarks in the RECOBD. i s t here objec- important places it mentioned-the first in significance and the tion? · · fir t in interest to tne United States-and as a mutter of econ­ There was no objection. omy, was the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. It recommended Mr. KEI FER. In presenting the views of officers and boards that effecti>e action should be promptly taken so as to at an who favor fortifying Chesapeake· Bay, etc., I call attention again early day protect all of the places within the bay to which· I to what is quoted already in the body of my speech from Presi­ have undertaken to refer. .dent Ro~sevelt's last arinual message. In his message transmit­ Of the various places that they regarded as of some. impor­ .ting (March 5, 1906 ) and commending the report of the Taft tance they put Chesapeake Bay in tl:).e order of first importance. ·Board to Congress he says : The order of the President of the United States constituting the - New localities are pressing their claims for defense. The insular Board .was made January 31, 1905, and among other things that possessions can not be held unless the pr_incipal ports, naval bases, and . he required the Board to consider was the order of importance· . cGal stations are fortified before the outbreak of war. . in fortifying places for the protection of ~he country·, and first In the same message he say : a;t the bead of the Board's list is the fortification proposed to It is to be noted that the entrance to Chesapeake Bay, not before recommended or authorized by Congress, is added to the list of ports in · be consh·ucted between Cape Henry and Cape Charles at the the nited States to be defended, with important reasons therefo1· mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. • already stated. I do not think that anything can be added. Any person ac­ Also in the same J)lessage he says : quainting himself with the geogravhy will under~tand its su­ The necessity for a complete and adequate system of coast defense preme and grave importance. My complaint is that we do not is greater to-day than twenty years ago, for the increased wealth of the country offers more tempting inducements to attack, and a hostile or have not entered on the work of fortifying this place long fl eet can reach our coast in a much shorter period of time. The fact ago, as its great importance demands and as all those who have tllat we now have a navy does not in. any wise diminish the importance investigated the mutter have concluded. . of coast defenses : on the contrary, that fact emphasizes their value and the nece3sity for their construction. It is an accepted naval maxim Now, Mr. Chairman, if I hav~ any time. I will surrender it, that a navy can be used to strategic advantage only when acting on the provided I am given permission to put in my closing remarks offensive, and it can. be free to so operate only after our coast defense some extracts and proper connecting remarks of the different is reasonably secure and so recognized by the countrY,". It was due to the securely defended condition of the Japanese ports that the Japanese reports of the Secretary of War. fleet was free to seek out and watch its proper objective-the Russian Mr. NORRIS. I would like to ask the gentleman a question. fleet- without fear of interruption or recall to guard its home port;; Mr. KEIFER. Certainly. against raids by the Vladivostok squadron. This, one of the most valuable lessons of the· late war in the East, is worthy of serious con­ Mr. NORRI S. Would the gentleman.give us a..n idea of about sideration by our country, with its extensive coast line, its many how much of an appropriation would be required to carry out the important harbors, and its many wealthy manufacturing coast cities. recommendations of the Taft Board with reference to the for­ The Secretary of W.ar (l\fr. Taft) was President of the Taft tification of the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay? Board and concurred in its recommendations. In his recent an­ Mr. KEIFER. I have already stated that the estimates for nual report be says : this purpose to· be expended for the fiscal year ending June 30, '.fhe more important recommendations of the board concerning par­ 1908 which estimate I understand was to complete it, was ticular places are those which relate to the defense of the entrance to $2,600,000. Chesapeake Bay, the entrance to Long Island Sound, and Puget Sound. The Endicott Board did not recommend Puget Sound for defense, and Mr. NORRIS. That would complete,1t? while attaching ·importance to defenses at the entrance to Chesapeake. Mr. KEIFER. '.rhat is my understanding, and leaving out Bay for the protection of Hampton Roads, rorfolk, Newport News, .. the fact which was supposed to exist at one time, when the es­ Washington, and Baltimore, and at the eastern entt·ance to I,ong Island Sound for the approaches to New York, confined its recom­ timate was ,made, of four or five hundred thousand dollars to mendations to so-called " floating defenses " for outer lines, designed be used rn the purchase of a site. especially for operating in harbors or close to land, and armored more heavily and armed with heavier guns than any probable adversary: Mr. SMITH of Iowa. Will the gentleman permit me to in­ In the development of coast-defense operations these "floating de­ terrupt him with a suggestion? fenses" were found to be unnecessary and have never been built. The_ Mr. KEIFER. Certainly. adequate defense of these positions has therefore received the con­ sidemtion of the board. The CIIAIRl\lAN. The time of the gentleman from Ohio has Commercially and strategically Chesapeake Bay is to-day, as it expired. always has been, of the very first importance. With the entrance as. Mr. SMITH of Iowa. I will yield sufficient time to clear this it is now, unfortified, a hostile fleet. in the opinion 6f the present board, " should it gain control of . the sea, can establish. without up. I know the gentleman from Ohio does not wish to make coming under the fire of a single gun; a base on its shores, pass in any misleading statement on the subject; and out at pleasure, have access to large quantities of valuable sup­ Mr. KEIFER. Certainly not. plies of all kinds, and paralyze the great trunk railway lines crossin"' the head of the bay." For this reason the board has considered the l\fr. SMITH of Iowa. I understand, and the gentleman will defense of the ent~·ance to Chesapeake Bay to require immediate at­ correct me if I am wrong, that the estimate itself for the island tention. would cost $2,600,000, and that the estimate for the fortification, From his recent testimony before a subcommittee of the Ap­ etc., is $6,000,000. The $2,600,000 is for the island alone, and propriations Committee, among other things, I quote : is not for any guns or batteries. The Endicott Board, as you may recollect, was appointed by Presi­ I call the gentleman's attention to the original Taft report, dent Cleveland in the incumbency of Mr. Endicott as · Secretary of · where he will find the Chesapeake Bay estimates to be ·$6,102,871, Wae, and that board reported a comnrehensive system of coast defenses. 'l'hat was away back in 1886 or 1887, was it not? which includes the armament. General CROZIER. 1886. It was appointed In 1885. Mr. KEIFER. That does not refer to the mouth of the Secretary TAFT. It was, of course, a system based on the then known Chesapeake Bay alone? method!! of defense, and included a good deal that would now be obsolete if it had been adopted and carried out entirely. One of the l\1r. SMITH of Iowa. Yes; so I undersfand it. great features of it was a floating defense system, which has not Mr. NORRIS. Does that include the armament not only on been adopted and is not approved now according to modern ideas, the islands, but on the two capes? an.d it seems as if the plan had become so old that there ought to be a new investigation into the matter. Accordingly a board was ap­ 1\Ir. SMITH of Iowa. So I understand it. The only question pointed, with the Secretary of War as the nominal head and a lot is what the estimate covers, whether simply the island or the of very technical gentlemen wllo understood the business as the real armament. ' committee, and they made a report supplementary to that of the En­ dicott Board. 1\fr. KEIFER . . Yes; that is right. l\fy impression is that • . . • . • * * • the recommenclation included the building of an island, but it Just why the Endicott Board did not make a provision for Chesa­ was supposed to be suffiCient to complete. an effective construc­ peake Bay perhaps I can not state definitely, except to say that th'ey tion or fortification at the .island. I will leak further into probably had in mind these floating defenses, which were tp be -lo­ cated near the mouth of the bay. Chesapeake Bay, from a strategic that mutter, if I may be permitted. standpoint, is the most vulnerable place in the United States, because Mr. SMITH of Iowa. I may state in that connection that, _as it is possible now for an enemy to enter that bay and find a great oa matter of• fact, the estimate was an engineer's estimate that many places where a landing could be effected without difficulty, free from the risk of · storm, and· without coming under the fir·e of came before the committee. The engineers construct the em­ any guns ; and a great many places on the bay where we should be placements and reclaim the land, and of course could maky very much i?jured by attack, b~cause you know there are a great and would make no estimates for armament, that being made many trunk hnes that cross. the bay-at various points, or cross various estuaTies of the bay, which - ought to be protected against that kind by the Chief of Ordnance and other officers of the War Depart­ of attack. · ment. The difficulty of fortifying the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay is . Mr. KEIFER. But I understand there was a combined ·es­ that it i so wide; and the only fortifications that have been deter­ timate made up by the sevei·ru persons or officers connected with mined upon by the Board are those which involve the construction of au artificial islarrd on what is called the "~liddle Ground." In the the board, antl the estimate was made to cover everything. appropriations fhat we ask t_o-day there is an item of $3,000,000, lllJ8 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-,HOUSE. J ANUARY 14,

$400,000 of wh1.ch is for the purchase of land on the ·cape Henry . Brig. Gen. Samuel M. Mills, Chief of Artillery, detailed by General side, and $2,600,000 for the construction of an island sufficiently large : ·Orders, No. 106, ".June 30, 1905. to make such fortification as will render that impregnable. . Now it has been frequently stated, and H is true, that as to .any . The following are quotations from the report of the Taft of the great harbors which are fortified under the Endicott Board, Board : in those harbors it would probably be impossible for a foreign fleet to The Endicott Board's report was submitted in 1886. The princi­ enter; but there are places where there are no fortifications, and p1es of coast defense, so clearly stated therein, nnd the necessity of hav­ Chesapeake Bay, ·except at Forb·ess Monroe, B~ltimore, and Wash­ ing our important and strategic and oommercial centers made secure ington, has no fortifications, and a hostile fleet can enter without .against naval attack, with as little delny as possible, are · equally difficulty. ' applicable to-day and need not be repeated. The wealth of the country, * * • '* ~ which has materially increased, -off-ers even more tempting inducements After the island Jn the Chesapeake, I giv~ y{)u what is th~ most to attack than was the case twenty years ago, whil~ an increase .of important things we have, :and those are the insular possessions: speed enables a hostile fleet to appear off our coast in a very much less For the c.onstruction of seacoast batteries, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, period of time. It is more -essential than eve-r that we should be pre­ $250,000 ; Honolulu, and Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, $350,000; Manila, pat·ed along the line of "Our 4,000 miles of coast to ward off any hostile P. I., $1,359,000, and Subic Bay, P. I., $344,000, making a total of blqw that may be attempted. $2,303,000. * '* • • • * • Col. F! V . Abbot, assistant to Chief of Engineers, in his testi­ The Endicott Board, while attaching im~ortance to defenses at the entrance to Chesapeake Bay, for the protecti-on of Hampton Roads, Nor- . .mony before the subcommittee, said: folk, Newport News, Washington, and Baltimore, and at the eastern Mr. SMITH. There seems to be a good deal of talk about the defenses entrance to Long Isl.and Sound for the approaches to New York, con­ · at Cape Henry as being part of the defenses o'f Chesapeake Bay. The fined its recomme-ndations to so-called "floating defenses" for outer outer defenses are referred to, substantially, as the same defenses, are lines. Floating de-tenses are defined to be "floating batteries designed they not? specially for operating in harbors or close to the land-armored more Colonel ABBOT. A fort on a natural island near leasure, have access to large quantities of Colonel ABBOT. Yes. No defense of the entr.ance of Chesapeake Bay valuable supplies of all kinds, and ,paralyze the great trunk railway was called for by the Endicott Board scheme; as that Board believed lines crossing the bead of the bay. the entrance too wide to be held by guns on shore and did not believe The ~ompletion of the fortifications at the entrance to Long Island · the cost of constructing an artificial island was justified at that time. 'Sound lS placed second to Chesapeake Bay only because there are some They thought floating defenses were needed at the entrance. guns already mounted at the former, while there are none to defend the channel between Cape Charles and Cape IIenry. • • * The -defeat of a plan reported to this House, based upon a Since 1886 om· tet-ritorial limits have been enlarged by the addition scheme of a certain-board in the Navy Department, which came of the insular possessions. They are distant from the great centers and sources Qf supply and can not be held unless their principal ports up in the Forty-eighth _Congress led to the act of March 3, are fortified before the outbreak of war. It is clear that the defense 1885, which authorized President Cleveland to appoint the should be provided with as little ort Maj. Gen . .John C. Bates, Assistant Chiffi: of StaJI detailed by Gen7 News. as well as Annapolis, Washington, .and Baltimore, may be in­ eral Order·s, No. 99, .June 28, 1905, vice Maj. Gen. G-. L. Gillespie, re- cluded. tired, Chief of Staff, .January 15, 1906. . It is safe to say that no other country of any importance and en-

/ 1907. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE ~ -1109 lightenment would have left unfortified, as this country has done, so wholly shut our eyes to aught .tha t goes amiss for humanity throughout vital a point as Cape Henry. Great Britain would long a:go have made the_ world ; we can not wholly close our ears to any tale. of wrongdoing, it u Gibraltar. It. is a far more important strategic point to the United however distant or alien may be the sufferers~., and despite ourselves the States than Gibraltar is to England. It concerns the immediate safety thought, half formed and half conscious, yet oa.ily growing clearer to us of our own territory. · and to others, forces itself upon our minds that in the vast and terrible The channel for large vessels passing between the Virginia capes drama of human destiny a nation such as ours has grown to be :Qlust is only about 4 miles from Cape Henry. Formidable war ships, there­ have its allotted, its enforced, part to play. fore, would be compelled, on attempting to enter, to come within close An American may be as good a patr1ot as our land can show and yet range of the modern big guns; which carry twice that far with ease. sigh for our early days of safety through obscurity and isolation ; but if., Many years ago the Endicott Commission recommended to the Gov­ like the ostrich, be refu.ses to own what his eyes would show him-if he ernment the heavy fortification of this important point. A bill is now refuses to open them to facts, namely, that for us the days of obscurity before Congress providing for the adoption of the advice then given, and isolation are gone forever and safety must now be sought else­ with suitable modern improvements. There would be no exceuse for where--he abdicates his reason and imperils his country. failure to adopt this bill, which has the hearty approval of the Secre­ "In time of peace prepare for war," was a maxim in which Washing­ tary of l';"ar and all the mtiitary eA'l>erts of the country. ton repeatedly and emphatically asserted his belief; and as no public In the war of 1812 the national capital was burned by British ships man ever wished or tried more consistently or· more earnestly to pre­ which passed without difficulty through the Virginia capes. In those serve to his country the incalculable blessings of peace, so none ·wa.s days ordnance did not carry so far as it does now, nor was it nearly ever more invariably solicitous to maintain, so far as· the poverty of our so effective. It wo.uld be unworthy of a great nation to be caught to­ early days and the support of our National Legislature might permit, day with its most important body of water unguarded, when the one the suitable establishments necessary to keep us " on a respectable de­ entrance could easily be made impassable in time of war by · the ex­ fensive posture." penditure of a reasonable sum of money in time of peace. I bespeak, then, of all thoughtful and patriotic citizens their aid to my successor in the great Department of our Federal Government but lately . · I quote further, from an editorial in the Virginian-Pilot, Nor­ in my keeping, and to his colleagues in the administration of the sister folk, Va., dated 1\Iarch 11, 1!>06: service, and, most of all, to the Commander in Chief of onr forces of land and sea, under the Constitution, in assuring our country's peace The necessity of constructing fortifications at Cape Henry was by maintaining her strength for war. pointed out by the Endicott Commission several years ago. That I ask for the Congress a hearty support from public opinion in a lib­ necessity has been increasing in urgency eve.r since, and the time is eral provision for the national defense, and, moreover, a loud and clear now at hand when the adequate protection of the entrance to the bay assurance of such support to drown the clamor of self-inte~:est, of delu­ can not ·be longer delayed without inviting serious consequences to sion, of prejudice, of parsimony in dealing with this great question, and the country_ This is strongly and forcibly pointed out in the report as, with the world's approval, the noble title of " peacemaker" has been of the Taft Board, of expert Army and Navy officers. which was re­ bestowed on our first public servant, I ask that the nation be qualified cently transmitted to Congress by President Roosevelt. The portion for a like honor in the just judgment of mankind by giving. her such of the report referring to the entrance to Chesapeake Bay says, among strength as may gain and guard for her the peace of righteousness. other things: "A hostile fleet, should it gain control of the sea., could establish without the fire of a single gun a base on its shores, pass in l\lr. FITZGERALD. :rtlr. Chairman, I desire to · take a few and out at pleasure, have access to large quantities of valuable sup­ moments to refer to one matter discussed by the gentleman plies, and paralyze the great trunk railway lines crossing the head of the bay. Fru·ther, the national capital, the Naval Academy at from Ohio [Mr. KEIFER] . I do not care to have his statements ~nnapolis, and the city of Baltimore would be unprotected, except for regarding the proposed defenses of the entrance to Chesapeake such defense as would be furnished by harbor defense vessels. New­ Bay go into the RECORD unchallenged. I desire that the com­ port News and Norfolk, with their important shipyards, would be· in a similar position, for it has been demonstrated that Fortress Monroe mittee have before it the information which was before the is inadequate for the defense of Hampton Roads. · Committee on Appropriations when it determined to eliminate Under these conditions the erection of powerful fortifications at or rather not to make appropriations for these proposed de­ Cape Henry should receive the earliest practicable attention at the hands of Congress. The proper defense of the Chesapeake Bay is of fenses. In 1886 a board, known as the "Endicott Board," ap­ the utmost importance, both from a strategic and a commercial stand­ pointed under the authority of Congress, prepared a compre­ point. This ~fense can be furnished only by the fortification of Cape hensive plan for the defense of the coasts of this country. They Henry. prepared plans which included the defense of Chesapeake Bay · The following is taken from the Washington Post, and it and of the important cities access to which is hlld from the bears on the question of the necessity of fortifying our impor­ Chesapeake Bay. All of the important places within the bay tant defenses to relieve and release from coast or shore duty are amply fortified to-day. That statement is based upon in­ our battle ships and cruisers : formation furnished by the Secretary of War and by men with Read correctly between the lines, this means that the British Ad­ the technical knowledge necessary to pass upon such questions. miralty proposes by the use of forty submarines not only to greatly strengthen their home harbor defenses, but to relieve and release from Last year a board was appointed by the President of the United shore duty many battle ships and cruisers for active service on the States which is known as the "Taft Board," and that Board high seas wherever they may be needed. made a report and recommended that there be erected at the I also present with approval an extract from a recent address mouth of the Chesapeake Bay an artificial island in order to of now Attorney-General of the United States, Hon. Charles J. make perfect the defense of the places within the bay. ~he Bonaparte-great nephew of the great Napoleon-late Secretary Secretary of War asked an appropriation of $3,000,000 in order of the Navy, in which he expresses his views as to our ·country ·to erect or build this island. The estimate of the cost of the and its exposed condition. and liability to foreign attack, and island was based 'upon no information from which an accurate as to'the necessity for "a r:espectable defensive posture,'' and al)­ estimate could be made, but was as nearly as could be a chance peals for the support " of the Commander in Chief of our land guess. The committee did not feel that it would be justified in and naval forces of sea and land, under the Constitution, in as­ authorizing the initiation of this· project without some definite suring our country's peace by maintaining her strength for.war," information as to its cost. :More than that, there have been and in which he concludes by an appeal in behalf of Congress expended during the past eighteen years over $64,000,000 in for liberal " provision for the national defense,". such as will fortifying the coast of this country in accordance with the plan conf~rm the title of " peacemaker on our first public servant," of the Endicott Board. It will take some thirty-odd millions and give our country " such strength as may gain and guard of dollars to complete the defenses outlined by that Board. .for her the peace of righteousness : " The committee was of the belief that it would be wise to com­ New York could be reached to-day by a powerful hostile army in one­ plete as far as now required the defenses originally planned by fourth and San Francisco in one-half the time needed by any possible the Endicott Board before ·undertaking to initiate these new enemy under the most favorable circumstances to reach the most ex­ posed great capital of Europe. and additional defenses. Our detached and distant situation bas ceased to be. The oceans Mr. PRINCE. Will the gentleman yield !or a suggestion? which bathe our shores to the east and the west are no longer safe­ l\fr. FITZGERALD. I will. guards against serious invasion. Our ports are filled up with huge steamers, practically all under foreign :flags, which await but a word on Mr. PRINCE. · There were some hearings before the Military the electric wire to become transports ·to their utmost capacity with Committee of date January 11, 1907, in which it was stated trained soldiers or loaded down with munitions of war. by Captain Hagood that the actual amount which has been Nor is this all. A hundred years ago weeks, even months, were needed to concenh·ate and embark any formidable force at any seaport laid out in fortifications, gun batteries, seachlights, power of any nation with which we conld then or now be at war. To-day plantS, etc., is $76,000,000 instead of $64,000,000. this a matter of hours. The mere -orders then took days, often weeks, l\lr. FITZGERALD. That is true. In speaking of the in transmission. Now they hardly take seconds. While we have thus diawn prodigiously nearer to possible and cer­ amount expended in the carrying out of the Endicott Board's tainly dangerous enemies. we have also grown prodigiously bigger and plan, a number of items mentioned by the gentleman are not in­ richer and more obt rusive, and therefore vastly more likely to awaken cluded. As a matter of fact, since that report of the Endicott envy, distrust, and fear, or, in other words, to have enemies. It is not merely that Americans are twentyfold as many and a hun­ Board Congress has appropriated o-ver $120,000,000. dredfold, nay, far.more than a hundredfold, as rich as they were when Mr. PRINCE. Let me suggest to the gentleman further Washingto:J. ro:tght rest at Mount Vernon, that their empire stretches that since· the Endicott· Board there has been expended over from sea t o E.

As I was about to show, the imperativeness of this proposed Mr. FITZGERALD. Oh, no; it is not the purpose to initiate defense was never made apparent, never suggested, until this anything new in this regard. · session of Congress-: As far as I have been able to ascertain, Mr. HILL of Connecticut. I want to inquire whether the the desirability of this particular defense is; and was first, ap­ language of this bill does not authorize pi·ecisely that, the pur­ parent at joint maneuvers of the Army and Navy a year and chase of machinery for the manufacture of these guns and va­ a half or two years ago. It appeared to the Committee on Ap­ rious forms of ammunition? propriations· that the Endicott Board believed it desirable to Mr. FITZGERALD. It provides for the purchase, manufac­ have certain additional defenses in the mouth of the Chesa­ ture, and test .of machine and automatic guns, not machines. peake, and that board recommended . the creation of so-called The machine is an adjective referring to guns. -"floating defenses," which were to be in the nature of heavily Mr. HILL of Connecti.cut. "And the machinery necessary to armored and heavily armed harbor-defense boats, also eighteen their manufacture at the arsenals," which follows in almost torpedo boats, which were recommended for use there, and some every section. other apparatus for the defense of the place. It was stated to Mr. · FITZGERALD. That is true. That language bus been the committee that no other method of defense was suggested, carried in this bill ever since the gentleman from Connecticut because the expense of any other method would bave been pro­ has been a Member of the House, and it has been employed in hibiti\e. The estimate that $3;000,000 would build this island part for this purpose. is purely speculative. ' . 1\fr. HILL of Connecticut. Is it the purpose in this bill to in­ · The plan proposed at present contemplates erecting an island crease the facilities of the United States for the manufacture of about 50 acres on a shoal which is now covered by from 15 of these articles? to 20 feet of water. There has ne\er been a boring, there has 1\Ir. FITZGERALD. Not at all. The object is to enable th'e never been an examtnation, there has never been any infotma­ bead of the Bureau of Ordnance to replace some machinery of tiorr obtained upon which the engineers can base an accurate a not very exj:ensive character which is required at the arse­ estimate of what it will cost to build such an island. It might nals where these guns are manufactured. Part of the e guns be built for $3,000,000 or it may require the expenditure of are purchased, part of them are manufactured by the Govern­ $25,000,000. The Secretary of War stated to the committee that ment, and I understand the policy of the Department to be so the Navy was more insistent upon this particular defense being to dish·ibute the work as to keep both the private establishments erected than the Army officials. He stated that Norfolk, Rich­ and the Government establishments in as nearly a complete mond, Fort Monroe, and Newport News, th~ chief places condition of operation as possible. There is no contemplated within the waters, are all amply fortified. This island is prob­ departure from the policy which has always existed. ably a desirable acquisition to the existing defenses if it could be Mr. HILL of Connecticut. l\fy reason for making the inquiry, erected at a cost that was not prohibitive; but the committee I will state, 1\Ir. Chairman, is that I think the policy of most·of believes that with only about two-thirds, speaking roughly, of the the governments, of Europe at .least, is to encourage the devel­ plans of the Endicott Board carried out, with these plans having opment of private manufactories in such a way as to have their been in existence for twenty years before a suggestion is made use in times of .war, and not to be solely dependent upon the that this island. is imperatively necessary for the defense of the facilities of the government itself. And it seems to me, not only waters of the Chesapeake, with so much still remaining to be in this case, but in many other cases, in the appropriation bills done in order to complete 'the system of defense laid down by that come before us, the tendency is to a . concentration of all the Endicott Board .not repudiated by the Taft Board, that it this work, even to making the clothes of the soldiers, making was not desirable at this time to stop the completion of the work the guns for the Navy, and the whole business in the hands of outlined by the Endicott Board and indorsed by the Taft the various Departments o the Government, with the result · Board in order to initiate this new project. The President, in that if it is continued it certainly can not be very long before his message transmitting the report of the Taft Board to Con­ the Government will be dependent solely upon itself and will gress, called attention to the fact that up until about the civil ha\e no alternate reliance upon any private manufacturer after war this country had a system of coast defenses that made our a while. · . principal ports and the seacoasts impregnable; that by the in­ Mr. FITZGERALD.. The policy of this Go\ernment has been, troduction and in\ention of rifled cannon about that time these I imagine, the same as the policy of other governments. From _defenses became obsolete, yet no attempt was made by Congress some investigation I have made I find it has been necessary for for twenty years even to obtain a plan to fortify in proper man­ Congress to some extent to develop the resources of the Govern­ ner the coasts. A plan was then adopted. Congress has been ment to supply munitions of war. I believe we have relied a appropriating for twenty years since then to obtain a perfect little too much in this country upon the private manufacturers, system of coast defenses, so far as they can be perfect. The and we have · paid the price for so doing. I am one of those members of the committee believed that it would be the part of who believe that the Government itself should have the re­ wisdom to complete the defenses that all parties have agreed :;;ources and facilities for furnishing war materials wfthout are imperative, particularly since it is admitted that the places depending entirely upon private manufacturers. I believe with within which this outer line of defense would be erected are the gentleman from Connecticut [Mr. HILL] that to a reason­ amply fortified; I wished simply to have these facts go in. the able degree the Government should encourage private enter­ RECORD with the statement of the gentleman from Ohio, so that prise; but last year Congress was compelled to protect tbe when the members of the committee take the matter up and in­ Government and to authorize the commencement of a po,Yder vestigate its merits they might have the reasons which actuated factory, because the members were con\inced that a so-called the committee in refusing at this time to initiate this project. - powder· trust was taking advantage of tbe inability of the Go\­ 1\Ir. HILL of Connecticut. I would like to ask the gentleman ernment to supply its own needs in its own factories. When­ a question. I see on page 3, beginning with " armament of ever the manufacturer of these guns is in the same condition I fortification" and running over to line 13, page 5, ·appropriation'3 shall favor the Government enlarging as rapidly as possib!e for certain purposes amounting to nearly $2,000,000: Under the its own facilities, in order to protect itself from the rapacious­ title of "Armament of fortification," on reading that I find it Is ness of the private contractors. entirely possible to utilize these appropriations, without pro- Mr. HILL of Connecticut. And yet the gentleman undeJ:­ .curing any armament at all, in the erection of factories and the stands, of course, that the pursuance of the opposite policy is purchase of material by the Government to manufacture all of what has· built up the great works of the Krupps in Germany these things instead of buying ·them from regularly operating and the 1\Iaxim-Vickers works in England, and those Govern­ manufacturers of arms and ammunition in the United States. ments place large reliance upon the efforts of manufacturi!lg I would like to ask if it is the part of the seacoast defense of institutions outside of their navy-yards and arsenals. the United· States to go into the manufacturing business · and · Mr. FITZGERALD. In this country the Government is en­ manufacture guns and ammunitions by the United States itself tirely dependent upon the armor-plate eoncerns, and the proof and provide for this· in the fortification bill? has been quite conclusive, to my mind, that very frequently this Mr. FITZGERALD. Well, that has been the practice since ·Government has been coerced into paying twice as much as . the gentleman has been a Member of the House. Some of these armor was worth. guns are manufactured at arsenals, and .some, I understand, .Mr. GAINES of Tennessee. During the Spanish war they are obtained by .contract. "held up " the Government of the United States in the matter Mr. HILL of Connecticut. ·we now have a factory under the of armor plate for our nak~d men-of-w~r. .Mr. Chairman, be­ .control of-the Navy Department to manufacture guns there. Is fore the gentleman from New York [l\fr. FITZGEBALD] yields the . it the purpose to duplicate the various manufacturing indus­ floor I wish he would tell us something about the powder mo­ tries under direct conb.·ol of the United States under the War nopoly or powder trust. I happen to have been told something Department also and enter upon the construction of these about that .privately, but I can not give my information to the ·guns? public, although I wish I could. 1907~ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. ·1111

1\Ir. FITZGERALD. I am not familiar with· the· question of water is of sufficient depth they could land their troops, from the validity of the powder trust's patents. All I am able to say which an attack could be delivered on Philadelphia and New is to repeat what I have already said, that Congress last year York from a landing secured on the Chesapeake. in this bill appropriated $165,000 for the purpose of starting a Before the civil war this Government began in Hampton powder factory for supplying the needs of the Army. There. are Roads to fortify an island known as "Fort Wool," or the a. great many questions connected with the so-called powder "Ripraps." They are. now spending money to complete forti:fi­ trust's patents with which I am not very familiar, and I am un~ c-<~.tions there. If they should build this isln.n.d at the capes, on able to give the desired information. the middle ground between the two channels, there would be Mr. GAINES .of Tennessee. We started the powder factory no further use of continuing this work at Fort Wool, which several years ago and enlarged it. could only protect Norfolk,, Portsmouth, and Richmond, and . ~I.r. FITZGERALD. That is a different powder factory.· there. is no protection against a fleet coming through the capes Mr. GAINES of Tennessee. That was smokeless powder. reaching Baltimore, Washington, and Annapolis. Now, is the Government embai·rassed in making this powder But if the argument of the gentleman from New York is iu this powder factory because some monopoly has gotten hold tn1e, or the statement is true, that the committee did not have of all the patents? before it at the time it considered this matter sufficient informa­ M.r. FITZGERALD. I do not know that. The committee tion as to the true cost of the island, then they should have in- . was under the belief that perhaps the Government could manu­ serted in the bill which they have presented to this committee facture more cheaply than it could purchase. At any rate for its consideration a provision covering the necessru-y expenses there was a desire to have larger ·facilities in this country for of getting the information, authorizing the ·War Department to manufacturing powder for the use of the Army, and a start get the ·necessary information, and providing a sufficient sum to has been made by the appropriation of the money required. get the information, so that at the next session of Congress or :Mr. GAINES of Tennessee, How much does_this bill carry at some future session we could act intelligently with sufficient for that purpose? · information. · Mr. FITZGERALD. It carries nothing for that' purpose, be­ I propose, when the bill comes up under the :five-minute rule, cause the money already appropriated has not yet been utilized. to offer this amendment : I yield :five · minutes to the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. . ~lAY­ To make the• necessary surveys, borings, and other investigations nec­ NARD]. essa.ry for the preparation o:f an accurate detailed estimate of what it would cost to construct the proposed artificial island for fortification Mr. MAYNARD. Mr. Chairman, as the·gentleman from New between Capes Charles and Henry, Chesapeake Bay, ·and to ascertain York has just said, two fortification boards have reported the whether the title to the site of said proposed artificial island can be neces~ty of fortifications at the Virginia capes-the Endicott obtained without expense to the United States, $3,000. Board and the Taft Board. l\Ir. Chairman, this is a small amount. I think this country .Mr. Sl\ll'l'H of Iowa. Will the gentleman call my attention can well afford to spend $3,000 in making a survey to determine to that portion of the Endicott report, which I hold in my hand, whether it is practicable and proper and what the actual cost which ever recommended any fortifications of this type at all would be of a fortification which bas been recommended by two there? commissions appointed by action of Congress. ·Mr. MAYNARD. I did not say that the Endicott Board had l\Ir. Chairman, beginning with April 26 of this year we pro­ recotnmended fortifications of this type. I stated that the Endi-· pose to hold upon the waters of Hampton Roads the greatest cott Board recommended fortifications on or near the Virginia naval review ever seen in the world. There we. shall see repre­ capes to properly protect the Chesapeake Bay. sentatives of all the navies of the world. 'Ve invite them to :Mr. SMITH of Iowa. I would like to ask the gentleman­ come and participate with us in .a great peace congress; but not at once, because that might embarrass him-but I would while participating in this great peace congress, we shall lay like him at some convenient time to indicate what page of the bare to them our unpreparedness to defend the entrance to Endicott report contains such a recommendation. the Chesapeake capes. I say it is time now for us to act in Mr. MAYNARD. The gentleman from New York [Mr. FITZ­ this matter. Although we only appropriate $3,000 for the pre­ GERALD] who has just taken his seat made the statement that liminary survey to ascertain what the _foundation should 'be, the Endicott Board had made that recommendation, and as the how deep we will ha\e to go, and to :fix the cost of the whole gentleman is a member of the subcommittee that prepared this project, now is the time to let it be known that while we are bill, I took it that the gentleman from New York was posted as unprepared, yet that we are putting ourselves in a position to to what the fortification board had reported and recommended to construct such a fortification and such a defense that all the the Appropriation Committee. navies of the world could nothing do to make entrance into Mr. FITZGERALD. I will repeat to the -gentleman that the Chesapeake Bay. [Applause.] Endicott Board recommended the establishment of floating bat­ '.rhis is a more serious matter than the gentlemen who op­ teries and the use of eighteen torpedo boats off the cape for the pose the fortification of the Chesapeake Bay would make you purpose of defending the coast, but it did not recommend the believe. We have several of the best cities of this great creation of this artificial island. country lying at the mercy of any hostile fleet that should in­ .Mr. KEIFER. But it did recommend the importance of forti­ vade our waters. We are at peace with all the world. and God fications there. grant that we may remain so. We know not the day and we · Mr. FITZGERALD. Yes; and we have fortified the Chesa­ know not the hour when this peace may be broken; and when peake very thoroughly. it is broken we want to be in such a state of preparedness Mr. KEIFER. Not there. tba t no hostile force can assail our shores with any hope of Mr. MAYNARD~ The gentleman from Iowa having been an­ success. swered by the gentleman from New York, I say again that the I shall, as I said before, offer this amendment under the :five­ Endicott Board had suggested what they tbought was needed minute rule, and I hope it 'vill be the pleasm·e of the· House • for the protection of Chesapeake Bay and fortifications at or to adopt the amendment. [Applause.] ·near the Virginia capes. A year and a half ago the maneuvers Mr. HEPBURN. Will the gentleman from Iowa yield to between the Army and ·the Navy established the fact beyond me for a moment? controversy that in certain kinds of weather it was impossible 1\I.r. SMITH of Iowa. How much time does the gentleman for the men on the fortifications at Fortress Mom·oe to discover want? an approaching ·hostile fleet which sought to go up the Chesa­ Mr. HEPBURN. I wish to ask a question. I call the peake and thus reach Baltimore and Washington. Now~ follow­ . gentleman's attention to the paragraph that begins, on line 4, ing the realization of this fact, b"rought out by the maneuvers at page 4, "For the purchase, manufacture, and test of ammuni­ that time, the Taft Board, after looking into this matter, has tion." Does that word" ammunition" cover smoke!ess powder? reported that it was of the :first importance that the country Mr. SMITH of Iowa. It does. should have fortifications at Cape Charles and Cape Henry, at l\Ir. HEPBURN. Then I would ask the gentleman if it is the entrance of the Chesapeake, and they report in favor of an in the contemplation of · the Department to establish a factory island about 50 acres in extent to be built upon the middle for smokeless powder?· And in that connection, I want to ground between the two channels at the entrance of Chesapeake call the gentleman's attention to a document that was probably Bay through the capes. If the island should cost $2,600,000, as laid upon his desk-it was upon mine-treating of .the sub­ claimed by the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. KEIFER], or $6,000,000, ject of smokeless powder, and of the exh·avagant expenditures as admitted by the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. SMITH], it is a that the Government have been compelled to make because of small matter when you compare that with the commercial im­ certain combinations of the manufacturers of smokeless powder. portance of Norfolk, Portsmouth, Richmond, Washington, and Iri that document it was stated that the Government had sent Baltimore, for if a hostile fleet could sail up through the capes two. of its officers to one of the arsenals, or to some Govern­ they could destroy these cities or they could levy a tribute on ment work, for the purpose of studying the manufacture of them, and not only that, but in many, many places where the smokeless powder; that they, in the time that belonged to the

• CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 14,

Government, with the means that the Government furnished, Mr. HULL. I think it was only for the Navy and not for the with the aid of other employees of the Government, with its Army. macilinery and its material for experiment, discovered certain 1\fr. SMITH of Iowa. At the last session of this Congress, methods for the manufacture of smokeless powder; that they for the purpose of testing the charges of Mr. Waddell, to whom afterwards secured patents for their discoveries, discoveries the gentleman from Iowa refers, this very bill carried an ap­ made by them while in the employ of the Government, mind propriation to build an experimental powder plant to enable the you, aided by Government facilities; that they sold these patents United States Government to find out what it costs to produce to certain people now engaged in tile manufacture of smokeless the powder and whether it is being looted by the Du Ponts or powder, who have entered into this combination and are compell­ not. That appropriation was for every dollar. that the Chief ing the Government, through the use of these patents, to pay of Ordnance estimated was necessary to build that powder something more than a hundred per cent above what is stated in plant. We have given every dollar that anybody claims is nec­ this paper to be a fair compensation. I should like to ask the essary to establish such a plant .as will ascertain the very truth gentleman if the committee have considered that subject, if they as to whether the Du Ponts are obtaining extortionate prices have formed opinions with regard to the validity of those from the Government or not. If when this powder plant is com­ patent , and the right of anybody to exclude the Government pleted for which we appropriated last year the price is extor­ from the use of its discoveries, made through its agencies ; and tionate-if the price that is being charged by the Du Ponts is ·if these men, now engaged in this combination, are thus using extortionate-! am in favor of buqding more powder plants these patents that I should think might, in morals, at least, be until we are enabled to protect ourselves against the Du Pont said to belong to the Government of the United States. Powder Company. But if from this experimental plant it is l\Ir. SMITH of lowa. .Mr. Chairman, it has been my purpose dem.msh·ated that Mr. Waddell is mistaken and that we are to reply briefly to the gentleman from Ohio and the gentleman paying a fair price to the Du Ponts, then no necessity for it from Virginia. I had thought that I would defer that reply exists-no necessity for a vast Government expenditure in until to-morrow morning, but since the gentleman from Con­ order to build powder plants. So much for that question. necticut [1\fr. HILL] is complaining because the Government is 1\fr. SLAYDEN. Will the gentleman permit a question? doing its own manufacturing and not letting its work by con­ 1\fr. SMITH of Iowa. Certainly. tract and the gentleman from Iowa [1\Ir. HEPB~N] is com­ l\Ir. SLAYDEN. I want to ask the gentleman if he does not plaining because the Government is letting. it by conh·act and realize that the · comparatively small sum of money provided not doing it itself, I shall attempt briefly to reply to both gen­ for what he himself calls an experimental powder plant will not tlemen upon that one topic to-night. be a fair test of the cost of production? 1\Ir. HEPBURN. 1\fr. Chairman, if the gentleman from Iowa Mr. SMITH of Iowa. I can not so conceive for a moment, will permit me, I have not uttered any complaint. I have con­ because powder plants are constructed in comparatively small tented myself with trying to draw from that fountain of wis­ units anyway. No wise powder manufacturer would want to so dom that I know the gentleman can open to us if he will upon concentrate his manufactory that the explosion of any part of this subject as to what the rights of the Government are in it would destroy all of his investments, and so they are oper­ connection with these patents, and whether or not it has been ated, unlike other enterprises, in small units, and this is a com­ wronged by improper and perhaps criminal methods. plete unit that we have provided for. l\Ir. HILL of Connecticut. Mr. Chairman, just a moment. l\Ir. SLAY:QEN. I will say to the gentleman that the testi­ The gentleman says that I made a complaint; I have made no mony taken before our co~ittee went to show that a larger complaint. su!ll of money would be required in order to make a really l\.Ir. S::\IITH of Iowa. 1\Ir. Chairman, I have not that com­ fair test and to make powder economically. plete mastety of the English tougue possessed by my colleague ·Mr. SMITH of Iowa. The Chief of Ordnance, who is the most from Iowa and the gentleman from Connecticut, and I there­ capable man in the United States, in my judgment, upon this fore may have misrepresented my colleague from Iowa in say­ subject, got exactly what he asked for for this purpose. There ing that he complained, and I might have misrepresented my dis­ was no shaving; no attempt to quarrel with him about tile tinguished friend from Connecticut-- amount, but we gave him just what he said was enough to make l\Ir. HILL of Connecticut. The gentleman is absolutely right; a fair experiment upon this question. he did. [Laughter.] Mr. FITZGERALD. As a matter of fact, we increased it l\Ir. SMITH of Iowa. I therefore will not indulge in any con­ upon his suggestion that he had made an error and that he had troversy as to the meaning of terms, but will proceed to reply not asked for enough. .. the best I can to the suggestion made by the two distinguished l\Ir. SMITH of Iowa. Yes ; after it had been put in he made gentlemen. that suggestion, that he had discovered the necessity for an in­ As I understand the facts, Mr. Chairman, it is the practice crease, and we gave him that without any question. of the officers of the United States Army and Navy to bestow Mr. CLARK of 1\lissouri. Will the gentleman yield for a their minds to the study of problems of their profession, and question? when something is discovered of value in those lines to patent Mr. Sl\IITII of Iowa. Yes. that invention and immediately to· convey to the United States l\fr. CLARK of Missouri. Does the gentleman not think it the right to produce that article in unlimited quantity without would be better for the United States to build its own powder the payment of any royalty whatever, it being assumed that as factories and make its own powder than to be paying a bonus of between an officer of the Army or Navy and the United States 25 per cent more than the powder costs to the American powder Government no royalty ought to be charged. But as between trust? these officers of the Army and Navy and the ordinary producer l\Ir. SMITH of Iowa. Oh, Mr. Chairman, if I would concede for general consumption among the public of any article a roy­ all the premises of the gentleman from Missouri, yes; but I have alty ought to be paid to the genius of that Army or Navy officer, no information that is reliable, and will have none until this the same as to any other citizen of the United States. Federal powder plant is put in operation, as to what the amount And so patents upon smokeless powder were granted to these is that the powder company is charging as a profit. officers of the United States and the right to produce in un­ l\Ir. CLARK of Missouri. I will ask the gentleman if Gen­ limited quantities vested in the Government of the United eral Crozier did not state in an interview that they were now States without the payment of any royalty whatever. If some paying 25 per cent more for powder than the powder was worth, American powder manufacturer wants to manufacture this in order to encourage these private powder companies to keep on smokeless pawder for sale to any power on earth outside of the making powder? United States Government, I for one am willing that that power l\Ir. HULL. Mr. Chairman, if the gentleman from Iowa will shall pay a royalty for the genius of that American officer in permit, I will state that was for metallic ammunition. He inventing the device or the powder. stated that in the hearings before the Committee on Military 1\Ir. HEPBURN. Will the gentleman permit me? Affairs, that the purchase price for metallic ammunition was 25 l\Ir. SMITH of Iowa. If the gentleman will allow me to pro­ per cent more than it would cost the Government to manufac­ ceed I think I will make it clear. ture, and we struck out the purchase and compelled the Govern­ Mr. HEPBURN. It is clear enough so far as the gentleman ment to manufacture. That did not refer to powder. I think has gone. the gentleman is confusing the two. Mr. SMITH of Iowa. I am trying· to get the whole situation Mr. CLARK of Misso"uri. There is a great deal of powder in before the House. In this identical case this is just what was metallic ammunition. done. Mr. HULL. Yes; but we buy the powder and put it in the Mr. HULL. If I may be pardoned, I would like to ask the metallic ammunition, the same as other manufacturers of me­ gentleman if this was granted to the United States for the Army tallic ammunition. and Navy or only for the Navy? · · 1\lr. CLARK of Missouri. Since the gentleman is on his feet, l\Ir. SMITH of Iowa. I am not positive. T will ask him a question. Does the gen.tleman not think

• 1907. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1113

the United States Government ought to make its own am­ to be spent for machinery if they decide to manufacture at the munition, whether metallic or otherwise, if it can do it arsenals, I say I .would not think it desirable for the House to cheaper? have that information, because the very object of giving this Mr. HULL. If it can do it more cheaply and fully supply in the alternative is that the Department may determine which the Government ; yes. may be . the more economical. system to obtain these goods for 1\Ir. CLARK of Missouri. Didn't General Crozier say it costs the Government's use, and until after the money is appropriated 25 per cent more? and bids are made it is practically impossible for the Depart­ . , 1\fr. HULL. And therefore we have stricken out the power ment to know which of these is more economical to the Govern­ to purchase, and now do no purchasing, but confine ourselves ment, and to say in advance you will determine how much shall entirely to manufacture. be let to contract and bow much shall be done at Government ar-. Mr. GAINES of 'l'~nnessee. Will the gentleman from Iowa, senals would certainly be an error. I know what the gentleman the chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs [Mr. HULL], is about to say, but it is only after the Department determines yield to a question before he sits down? how. much is to be spent at arsenals that it can be determined 1\Ir. HULL. I have no time. bow much will be necessary to expend for machinery at ar­ Mr. GAINES of Tennessee. Then I will ask his. colleague to senals. yield to hlm. Mr. HILL of Connecticut. Let me ask another question. Mr. S~IITH of Iowa. I yield. Under these seven or eight items, involving nearly $2,000,000, it Mr. GAINES of Tennessee. I understand the gentleman r_ep­ is not necessary that the Department should buy one single resents the district in which is situated the Rock Island Ar­ dollar's worth of ammunition or guns? senal, where the Government makes a great many Supplies for .1\Ir. SMITH of Iowa. Not a dollar's worth under the law. the Army. Will the gentleman tell the committee whether l\fr. HILL of Connecticut. They could expend every dollar. of those products are made there or are they bought on the out­ it for manufacturing purposes if they saw fit and have no am­ side? munition and no guns. .1\fr. HULL. I do not represent that district. The Govern­ Mr. SMITH of Iowa. Oh, no. ment buys nothing on the outside. We manufacture all our Mr. HILL of Connecticut. Under the terms of the law? cavalry supplies, and artillery supplies, harness and saddles, Mr. SMITH of Iowa. No. and all the supplies of the Army which can be made at the 1\Ir. HILL of Connecticut. But the gentleman said it was arsenals·; "we manufacture all the canteens for the Army uses. not necessary to buy any under the terms of the law. We do not run in oppositon to private manufacturers, in buying 1\Ir. SMITH of Iowa. But the primary purpose and object of part and manufacturing part, but we manufacture all that the this appropriation is to obtain these things for the armament of Government uses. We make all our saddles and bridles. fortifications. 1\Ir. GAINES of Tennessee. How does the gentleman say that Mr. HILL of Connecticut. But that primary purpose is that does not come in competition with outside :Qlanufacturers? not served in the language of this bill. Mr. HULL. I say it does not come in competition in a 1\fr. SMITH of Iowa. Oh, yes. way to compare cost. l\Ir. HILL of Connecticut. Because they can spend every l\Ir. GAINES of Tennessee. Why does the Government make dollar of this $2,000,000 for preparing for the manufacture of even that amount of war supplies there? Why does not the the article needed. Government buy it all on the outside? Mr. SMITH of Iowa. No; they are only entitled to spend Mr. HULL. Because it makes there different things from money for the machinery in the manufacture of the articles what people on the outsid·e use at all. We make there a line of that are produced in these items, and can not spend any money goods that are not used by the general public at all, and we for machinery if they do not manufacture. make something that suits the Army exactly, and make it Now, .1\Ir. Chairman, I move that the committee do now rise. cheaper than we can buy it. The motion was agreed to. Mr. GAINES of Tennessee. Ah! Accordingly the committee rose; and the Speaker having re­ l\fr. SMITH of Iowa. Now, 1\Ir. Chairman, I have here in sumed the chair, Mr. MANN, chairman of the Committee of the my hand certified copies of two of these patents granted to Whole House on the state of the Union, repor,ted that that com­ naval officers, as I understand it, granting to the United States mittee bad bad under consideration the bill H. R. 23821-the Navy Department the privilege of manufacturing at the United fortifications appropriation bill-and had come to no resolution States naval powder works at Indian Head, and at any ·other thereon. places that may hereafter be built by the Navy Department of COMMITTEE RESIGNATION. the United States, an invention described as an improvement The SPEAKER laid before the House the following tele­ in "colluloid explosive, and making same;" the other being graphic communication : identical excepting it uses the term " making smokeless pow­ MALONE, N. Y., January 14, 190"1. der." It is -called to my attention that these only grant the Hon. J. G. CANNON, right to the Navy Department to manufacture these, and upon Speaker, Washington, D. 0.: reflection, I am inclined to think that it has been the practice I resign my position as member of the Committee on Merchant Ma­ of the officers to thus limit the free use to their respective De­ rine and . Fisheries. WM. H. FLACK. partment. Now, I want to say just a word in· reply to the The SPEAKER. Without objection, the resignation will be suggestion of my friend from Connecticut, and then I will ask considered as accepted. the committee ta rise. The gentleman from Connecticut sug­ gests perhaps we are going too largely into the manufacturing . . There was no objection. business. · These appropriations under the head of "Armament COMMITTEE APPOINTMENT . . of fortifications " do authorize manufacture as well as pur­ The Chair announced the appointment of Representative chase. The balance to the credit of the appropriation for the LITTAUER, of New York, as a member of the Committee on Mer­ purchase, manufacture, and test of machine and automatic guns, chant Marine and Fisheries, vice Representative FLA..CK, of New including their carriages, etc., in December last was $257,000, York, resigned. of which $205,000 had been let to contracts. Six thousand five FOUNTAIN AT PADUCAH, KY. hundred and thirty-one dollars was assigned to the arsenals, Mr. JAMES. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the and the entire record shows most of this work is in fact let by Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds be discharged from contract. further consideration of the bill (H. R. 24047) to authorize l\Ir. HILL of Connecticut. Let me interrupt the gentleman·. Chapter No. 376 of the Daughters of the American Revolution to Does not the gentleman think, as chairman of this committee in erect a fountain on the property of the United States at Pa­ the preparation of this bill, ttlat the Members of this House and ducah, Ky., and that the bill be considered at the present time. the Senate in voting upon an appropriation bill of this kind The SPEAKER. Is there objection? ought to have the right to know how much of this is to be ap­ There was no objection. propriated for supplies for the Army and how much is to be The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the bill. appropriated for manufacturing purposes? In other words, The Clerk read as follows : should the entire lump sum be placed in the .hands of the De­ Be it enacted, etc., That Chapter No. 376 of the Daughters of the partment to expend as they see fit, buy no guns, no ammunition, .t.\merican Revolution be, and they are hereby, .authorized to erect on and expend it all, if they choose, for manufacturing purposes? the property of the United States at Fifth and Broadway streets in Mr. SMITH of Iowa. I dislike to question .the right of this the city of Paducah, Ky., a drinking fountain for persons. ' SEc. 2. That the plan of such fountain shall be submitted to and House to know anything that it can learn, but if the gentleman approved by the Supervising Architect of the United States, and the means that it would be proper for this House to insist upon place where said drinking fountain is to be erected shall be fixed by the Supervising Architect, and the work of erecting same shall be knowing in advance how much was to be let to contract and under his direction or supervision. how much to the manufacture in the arsenals, and how much is SEc. 3. That the fountain herein authorized to be erected shall at 1114 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 14, all times be subject to removal upon the order of the United States, mitting a copy of the findings :filed by the court in the case of and before erecting the s-ame the said Chapter No. 376 of the Daughters of the American Revolution, shall execute bond in the penal sum of L. A. Galyon, administrator of estate of Robert F. Galyon, $1,000, conditioned to pay to the Government of the United States against The United States-to the Committee on War Claims, any damage it may sustain by reason of the erection of said fountain, and ordered to be printed. or the bursting of any water pipe, or any damage or injury to the property of the Government. A letter from the assistant clerk of the Court of Claims, tra.llil­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection? mitting a copy of the findings filed by the court in the case of Mr. 1\IANN. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, I William R. Testerman against The United States-to the Com~ would like to ask the gentleman in charge of the bill whether mittee on War Claims, and ordered to be printed. the United States Government would have to pay for the water .A letter from the assistant clerk of the Court of Claims, trans~ used in the fountain? mitting a copy of the :findings filed by the court in the case of Mr. JAMES. Certainly not. The Government is to be at Michael Culler against The United States-to the Committee on -absolutely no expense whatever. War Claims, and ordered to be printed. Mr. MANN. Of course there is nothing in the bill on that A letter from the assistant clerk of the Court of Claims, trans~ point to indicate whether the city of Paducah donates the water mitting a copy of the findings filed by the court in the case of or whether the Government would be charged for it. I am per­ Sarah Ellen Cady against The United States-to the Committee fectly willing to take the gentleman's word for it. on War Claims, and ordered to be printed. Mr. JAMES. There is no provision in the bill that would in A letter from the assistant clerk of the Court of Claims, h·ans~ any way bring cost upon the Government, and under the terms mitting a copy of the findings filed by the court in the case of of the bond given by the Daughters of the American Revolution Murray Addison, administrator of estate of Anthony Addison, there would be no damage done to the United States in any·way. against The United States-to the. Co.mmittee on War Claims,. Mr. PAYNE. What is this reservation used for? and ordered to be printed. Mr. JAl\IES. It is the lot upon which the custom-house is A letter from the assistant clerk of the Court of Claims, trans~ situated. There is no drinking fountain there at all. This is mitting a copy of the findings filed by t:qe court in the case of to be erected in honor of the soldiers of the American Revolu­ Caledonia S. Ayers against The United States-to the Commit ~ tion by the Daughters of the American Revolution. tee on War Claims, and ordered to be printed. Mr . .1\IA:NN. What use do they have for a drinking fountain A letter frorn the assistant clerk of the Court of Claims, trans~ in Kentucky? [Laughter.] mitting a copy of the findings filed by the court in the case of 1\fr. JAl\lES. This is for women only, I think. [Laughter.] Samuel Cones against The United States-to the Commit-tee on Mr. PAYNE. I notice the bill did not say whether it was to War Claims, and ordered to be printed. use w~ter or not. The gentleman from Illinois [1\fr. MANN] A letter from the Acting Attorney-General, submitting report assumes that they are going to use water, but the bill does not of amount and rate of postage of mail matter mailed by the De~ specify. [Laughter.] - partment of Justice under the penalty provision from July 1 to Mr. JAl\IES. It is pure water. December 31, 1906-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Mr. KEIFER.- I woUld like to ask a question. It is the cus­ Post-Roads, and ordered to be printed. tom when we ha-ve public buildings ereeted in the country to A letter from the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, submit~ have an open driveway of 50 feet all nr~mnd the building when ting a report of mail matter entered at the Washington post­ it is not adjacent to the street. Now, is there room for the office by the Department under the penalty provision f1.·om July fountain on the reservation and for this open way? 1 to December 31, 1906-to the Committee on the Post-Office Mr. JAl\IES. There is no room for a driveway around this and Post-Roads, and ordered to be printed. public building at all. There is a driveway where the mail A letter from the Acting Secretary of the TreasiD·y, transmit~ of the United States is put into the post-office. ting a copy of a letter from the Acting Secretary of State sub­ Mr. KEIFER. There is no complete driveway around that mitting an estimate bf appropriation for representation of the building now? · American National Red Cross Society at London in June, 1007- Mr. JAMES. There is no room for any driveway around the to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be printed. building at all. ·A letter from the assistant clerk of the Court of Claims, trans­ 1\Ir. PAYNE. I suggest to the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. mitting a copy of the decision filed by the court in the case of KEIFER] that the open space about a Government building is Elizabeth Cessna and others against The United States-to the provided for fire purposes, and of coiD·se this fountain would Committee on War Claims, and ordered to be printed. not interfere with the .fire purposes. A letter from the Se

A letter from the Secretary of the Intei·ior, transmitting, (No. 6?16) ; which ·saJd resolution and report were referred t~ with a letter from the Commissioner of Indian :Affairs, a. draft the Private Calendar. of legislation giving authority ~or the issue of_pat.ents m _fee 1\fr. HOLLIDAY, from the Committee on War Claims, to simple to Quapaw allottees gener~lly-to the Committee on In- which was referred the pill of the House H. R. }.5661, repqrted dian Affairs, and ordered t

which said bill and report were referred to the Private Cal­ an increase of pension to Ment Stannah, reported the same with endar. amendment, accompanied by a report (No. G247); which said . 1\Ir. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 21134) granting l\!r. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, .to an increase of "pension to Frederick Kriner, reported the same which was referred the bill of the Hou e (H. R. 22223} granting with amendment, accompanied by a. report (No. 6231); which an increase of pension to Uriah Kitchen, reported the same with · said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. amendment, accompanied by a report (No. G248) ; which said 1\Ir. BRADLEY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. which was Teferred the bill of the House (H. R. 20455) granting l\1r. HOLLIDAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to an increase of pension to Harvey McCollum, reported the same which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 22020) _granting with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6232); which an increase of pension to Samuel Keller, reported the same with­ said bill and report were referred to_ the Private Calendar. Ol}t amendment, accompanied by a repot't (No. 6249); which He al o, from the same committee, to which was referred the said bill and repod were refened to the Private Calendar. bill of the House (H. R. 20187) granting an increase of pension l\fr. BRADLE~, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to to John J. Duff, reported the same with amendment, accom­ which was referred the bill of the House (II. R. 21962) granting panied by n. report (No. G233) ; whi

Mr~ DIXON of Indiana, from the Domm1ttee on Inv.alid Pen­ same wlth .amen.druent, accompanied by a report {No. '6280) ; sions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H.R. 3720) which said bill -and report were referred to the :Priv.ate Cal- granting .an increase of pension to Joseph McNulty: reported the en~~ - same with amep.dment, accompanied by a ~·eport (No. 6264); Mr. H OLLID.AX, from t he -Committee on Invalid PenBions, to which .said bill and report were referred to the Private Cal­ which was .referred the bil1 of the House (H. R. 6887) .gr.anting endar. an increase of pension to J ames E . Taylor, r eported the -same Mr. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to with ·amendment, accompanied by a r.eport {No. 6281); which which was referred tpe bill of the House (H. R. 3977) grant­ said bl1l and .report were referred to the Private Calendar. ing an increase of pension to John Vorou , 1·eported the same l\Ir. BRADLEY, from the ·committee on Invalid Pensions, to with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. <6265) ; which which was referred the bill of t he House {H. R. 5850) granting said bill and- report were referred to the Private Calendar~ an increase of pension to Martin Offinger, reported the same with 1\!r. .SULLOWAY, from the Committee on InvaTid Penslons, to amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6282) ; which said which was referred the bill of the Bouse (H. R. 5854) granting bill an~ report were referred to the Private Calendar. an increase of pension to J onas Gurnee, reported the same with Mr. EDWARDS, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, 'to amendment, accompanied by a Teport (No. G266) ; w.hich said which was ~referred the bill of the House (H. R. 12355) grantin~ bill and .report were referred to the Private Calendar. a pension to· Thomas B. Thompson, J.'eported the same with Mr~ HOLLIDAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pen ions, to amendment, .accompa.pled by a report (No. 6283); which sair! which was referred the bill of the House (-H. R . 6880) granting bill .and report were referred to the Private Calendar~ . an increase of pension to Marine D. Tackett, .repm·ted the same Ur. DEE~1ER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to without am€lldment, accompanied by a repoTt (No~ G267) ~ whlch which was referred tbe bill of the House (EL R. 12496) granting said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. an increase of pension to Hurlbutt L. Farnsworth, reported the 1\fr. DIXON of Indiana, from the Committee on Invalid Pen­ &'illlle without amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6284) ; sions, to which. was referTed the bill of the House (H. R . 8816) which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. granting· a pension to Mary Schoske, reported the same with Mr. BRADLEY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to amendment, accompanied by a re.po1~ (No. 6268) ; which said which was referred the bill of the llouse (H. n.. 14777) granting bill and report were refen·ed to the Private Calendar. a penslon to Mary A. Clark, reported the same with amendment. Mr. DEEl\fER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to accompanied by a report (No. 6285); whicb said bill and report which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 7416) gr.anting were referred to the Private Calendar. an increase of pension to .Joseph R. Boger, reported the -same Mr. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Inv:alid Pensions, with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. -6200) ·; which to which was .referred the bill of the House (H. R. 15353) said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. granting an increase of pension to Abby J . Bryant, r eported the He also, from +Jle same committee, to which. w.as referred the arne with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 628G) ; bill of tile Hom.l (H. R. 7415) granting an increase of pension which said 'bill and report were refeTred to the Private Calendar. to Gearge W. Brawner, reported the same without amendment, Mr. FULLER, from 'the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to accompanied by a report (No. 6270) ; which said bill .and report which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 15903) grant­ were :referred to the Private Calendar. ing an increase of pension to Henry S. Scudder, reported the l\1r. DIXON of Indiana, from the Committee on Invalid Pen­ same without amendment, accompanied 'by a re_port (No. 6287); sions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 8104) which said bill and report were referred to tlle Private Cal­ granting an increase of pension to JackEon 1\fays, reported the endm·. same "jth amendment, accompanied by a report (No. G271) ; 1\Ir. SULLOWAY, from tlle Committee on Invalid Pensions, which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 13835) 1\fr.-DEEMER, from the Committee -On Invalid Pensions to granting an Increase of pension to William Crane, reported the which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 8586) granting same without amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6288); an increase of pension to Milton J. Timmons, reported the same which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. !With amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6272) ; which 1\ir. HOLLIDAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, 'to said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 16322) grant­ 1\Ir. DIXON of Indiana, from the Committee on Invalid Pen­ ing an incTease of pension to George C. Limpert, reported the sions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 9073) same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6289) ;. . granting an increase of pension to Melissa McCracken, reported which said bill and report we.re referred to the Private 'Calendar. the same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6273) ; Mr. FULLER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to ·which said bill and report we.re referred to the Private Calendar. which was refen-ed the bill of the House (H. R. 16391) grant­ Mr. FULLER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to ing an increase of pension to William Jackson, reported the which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. .9450) granting same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. G290); an increase of pension to Alexander Brown, reported the same which said bill and report were referred to· the Private Calen­ with amendment, accompanied by -a report (No. 6274) ~ which dar. said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. 1\lr. CHAPUAN, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to Mr. DElEH\IER, from the Committee-on Invalid Pensions, to which was referred the bill of the.rrouse (II. R. 1GD07) gr·ant: which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 10874) granting ing an increase -of pension to Clarke S. Cole, reported the same an increase of pension to Frederick Pfahl, reported the same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6291) ; which .with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6275) ; which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. said bill and report were refet'red to the Private Calendar. He also, from the same co.nirnittee, to which was referred the Mr. DIXON of rndiana, from the Committee on Invalid Pen­ bill of the Honse (R R. 17061) granting an· increase of pension sions, to which was referred the bill of the House -(H. _R. 11523) to Iva 0. Shepardson, reported the same with amendment, ac­ granting an increase of pension to Robert L. Hamill, reported companied by a report (No. 6292) ; which said bill and report the same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6276) ; were referred to the Private Calendar. which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to Mr. FULLER, from the Committee ·on Invalid Pensions, to which was referred the bill ofthe House (H. R. 17618) granting whic.b was referred tlie·bill of the. House (H. R. 11535) granting an increase of pension to Anna F. Burlingame, reported the a pension to 1\fargarette R . Bacon, reported the same wj th same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6293); amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6277); which said which silid bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. bill and report were referred .to the Private Calendar. .Mr. EDWARDS, .from tn.e Committee on Invalid Pensions, to· Mr. HOLLIDAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to which was 1·eferred the bill of the House ( R R. 17831) granting which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 11693) grant­ an increase of pension to James Bowman, reported the same ing an increase · of pension to· James H. Davison, reported the with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6294); which same with amendment, accompanied b.Y a report (No. 6278) ; sai-d bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. which said bill and report were referred to :the Private Cal­ Mr. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to endar. which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 13681). gnmting Mr. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to a ;pension to Amos Vaughan, reported the same with amend­ which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 11.980) grant­ ment, accompanied by a report (No_ 6295) ; which said bill and ing an increase of pension to William B. Boulton, reported the report were referred to the Private Calendar. same with amendment, -accompanied by a report (No. 6279); Jltlr. DIXON of Indiana, _from the .committee on Invalid Pen­ which said bill and report were referred to the Privat-e Calendar. sions, to which was 1·eferred the bill of the House (H. R. 16046) Mr. CHAPMAN, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to grap.ting an inCJ.·ease of pension to David Province, reported the which was re-ferred the bill of the House (H. R. 11994~ grant­ same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. '6296) ; ing an increase of pension to Martha W. Wright, reported the which said bill and report were referred to the P riva-te Calendar. CONGRESSIONA-L- RECORD-HOUSE. _J ANUARY J.4,- 1118 . ~ - - . .

:Mr. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid.;P~ns.ions, _ to Mr._H OLLI DAY, from the Commtttee on Invalid Pensions, to - which was referred the bill of the House (H. R.-17783) gi·anting wbich was referred the bill of the House (R. R. 21853) grant­ an increase ·of pension to Jaines West, reported the ·same with ing an increase of pension to WPliam A. Whitaker; reported the· amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6297); which said same with amendment, accompanied· by a report (No. ·6314); bill and report were referred to the Private Catendai·. which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to He also, from the same committee, to which was referi·ed the which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 18245) granting bill of the _House (H. R. 21894) granting an increase of pen­ an increase of pension to Samuel D . .McCurdy, reported the same sion to Jacob W. Pierce; reported the same with amendment with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6298); which accompanied bJJ: a report (No. 6315); which said bill and report said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar: were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. BRADLEY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to Mr. EDWARDS,' from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 20858) g~· anting which was referred the bill of the· House (H. R. 21923) grant­ an increase of pension to William C. Thompson, reported the ing an increase of pension to Sebastian Fuchs, reported the same same witli amendment, accompanied by a report (~o . ' 6299) ; without amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6316); which which said bill and report were referred to -the Private Calendar. said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. · Mr. CHAPMAN, from the Committee. on Invalid Pensions, to Mr. FULLER; from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 21039) granting which was i·eferred the bill of -the House (H. R. 22715) granting an increase of pension to-Nelson J. Weller, reported the same an increase of pension to Terrance Doyle, reported the same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6300) ; which with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6317); which said bili and report were referred to the Private C:;tlendar. . said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. · 1 l\fr. SUL.LOWAY, from the Committee o"n Invalid Pensions, to He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the which was referred the bill of the House (II. R. 18450) granting bill of the House (II. R. 2292'0 granting an increase of pension an increase of pension to Eliza Howell, reported the same with . to William_ A. -Leach, reported the same without amendment, - amendment, a c compan~ed by a report (No. 6301) ; which said accompanied by a r~por~ (No. 6318) ; which 'said· bill and report - bill and report-were referred to _the Private C ~ lendar . were referred to the Private Calendar. · l\1r. HOLLIDAY, from the Committee on Inyalid PeJ).sions, to Mr. EDWARDS; from the Committee on Invali~ Pensions, to · which was referred the· bill of the House (H. R. 18602) grant- which w_as refen~ed t_he bill of the House (H. R. 22978) granting ing an increa-se of pension to James E. Netser, reported the an increase of penswn to Thomas Adams, reported the same same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6302); with amendment, acc·omp·anied by a report (No. G319); \Yhich which said bill and report were referred to the Priv.ate Calendar. said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. · l\Ir. BRADLEY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to l\lr. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions · which was referred ·the bill of the House (It. R. 2073'S) grant- to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 23805) grant~ ing a pension to Sm:ah Hawkes, reported the same with amend- ing an increase of pension to Thomas Hamilton, reported the ment, accompanied by a report (No. 6303) ; which said bill and same without amendment, accompanied by a ·report (No. 6320) ; report were referred to the Private Calendar. which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calenda!'. l\Ir. FULLER, from th~ Committee on Im·alid Pensions, to Mr. DI XON of Indiana, from the Committee on Invalid Pen- ~hich was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 21121) grapt- sions, to which wa!:! referred the bill of the House (H. R. ing an increase of pension to Marcus Wood, reported the same 22153) granting a pension to Antonio Archuleta, reported the · with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6304) ; which same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6321); said bill and report were i'efer.red to the Private Calendar. ' which said bill and report were referred to'the Private Calendar. l\Ir. KELIHER, from the Committee on Im·alid ~ensions, ·to l\Ir. DEE:~1ER, from the Committee on Invalid · Pensions, to which was referred the bill of the _House (H. R. 21115) grant- which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 6491) granting ing an increase of pension to Sylvester Bickford, reported the an increase of pension to Albert Riley, reported the same with ·same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6305); amendment, accompanied by a report (No. G322); which said ­ which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. I bill and report were referred to.the·Private Calendar. Mr. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to Mr. SULLO-WAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to which was referr~d the bill of the House (H. R. 21118) grant- which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 23458) granting ing . an increase o{ pension to Jacob Hartn;w.D, repol'ted the an increase of pension to Edgar D. Ellis, reported the same· with same with amendment; accompanied by a report (No. G306); _ amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6323) ; which said which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. :Mr. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to 1\Ir. BRADLEY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 21276) grant- which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 23468) gr~nting ing an increase of pension to Christian Roessler, reported the an increase _of pension to 'l\1artin Becker, reported the same with arne with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. G307) ; amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6324); which said which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. · bill and report-were referred to the Private Calendar. · Mr. FULLER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to l\Ir. HOLLIDAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to whicll was referred the bill of the House _(H. R. 21356) granting which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 23495) granting an increase of pension to Edward C. Miller,· reported the same an increase of pension to Adam Sliger, reported the same with without amendment, accompanied by i report (No. 6308) ; which · amendment, accompanied by a report (No. {i325) ; which said said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. bill and report were refe'rred to the Private Calendar. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the He also, from the same committee, to which was· referred the bill of the House (H. R. 21515) granting an incr~ase of pension bill of the House (H. R. 23599) granting an increase of pension to· Joseph Wheeler, reported the same with amendment, accom- to Alfred B. · Stansil, reported the same with amendment, ac­ panied by a report (No. 6309); which said bill and report were companied bya report (No. '6326); which said bill and report referred to the Private Calendar. . ' were referred to the Private Calendar. He also, from the same coii,lDlittee, to which was referred-the He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the bill of the House (II. R. 21516) g1;anting an increase of pension bill of the House (H. R. 23683) granting an increase of pension to James Murtha, reported the same without amendment, accom- to_Thomas Phillips, reported the same without amendment, ac­ j)aniE~d by a report (No: 6310) ; which said bill and report were companied by a report (No. 6327); which said bill and report referred to the Private Calendar. · were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. EDWARDS, from the Committee on Invalid _Pensions, to He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the which was referred the bill of the House (H~ R. 21618) granting bill of the House (H. R. 23684) granting an increase of pension an increase of pension_to Leonidas W. Rearis, reported the same to Harry ·c. Cadwell, reported the same witl:iout amendment, ac­ with amendment, accompanied by a report (No; 6311) ; whicll companied by a report (No. 6328) ; which said bill and report said bill and'report were re'ferred to the Private Calendar. were referred to the Private Cal~ndar. • Mr. DIXON of Indiana, frorri the Committee on Invalid P en- Mr. CHAPMAN, from the Committee on I nvalid Pensions, to sions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 21740) which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 22276) granting granting an increase of pension to Maria R. Klindt; reported the an increa!3e of. pension to Warren Sherwood, reported the same same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6312) ; with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6~29) ; whicll which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. said b1ll and report were referred to the Privat~ Calendar. Mr. CHAPl\1AN, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to Mr. HOPKINS, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to which was referred the bill of tlie House (H. R. 21563) granting which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 23770) granting an incrense of pension to Merritt l\I. Smart, reported the same an increase of pension to Henry D. Combs, reported the same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No; 6313) ; which - with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6330) ; which said bill and report were r~ferred to t he P rivate Calendar. said ·bill ~nd report were referred· to the Private Calendar. 1907 .. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE: 1119

Mr. BRADLEY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to Mr. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to whicll was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 23811) granting which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 20283) granting an increase. of pension to Theron Cross, reported the same with an increase of pension to .Hen1-y D. Bole, reported the same with ameudment, accompanied by a report (No. 6331) ; which said amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6348); which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, .Mr. HOLLIDAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 23153) grant­ which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 20008) granting ing an increase of pension to George Quien, reported the same a pension to Caroline A. Smith, reported the same with amend­ with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6332); which ment, accompanied by a report (No. 6349) ; which said bill and said bill and report were referred to the Privat~ Calendar. report were referred to the Private Calendar. 1\fr. CHAPMAN, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to 1\Ir. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 3352) granting which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 23121) granting an increase of pension to George R. Roraback, reported the same an increa~ of pension to Frank Vrooman, reported the same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6333); which with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6350); which· said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. EDWARDS, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to Mr. HOLLIDAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 3204) granting ·which was referred the bill of the House {H. R. 22007) grant­ an increase of pension to Charles H. Anthon~ reported the same ing an increase of ~sion to Sanford D. Payne, reported the with ruriendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6334) ; which same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6351); said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. -which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. 1\.Ir. CHAPMAN, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to Mr. BRADLEY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to whicl1 was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 2246) gl'anting which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 22022) grant­ an increase of pension to Hem-y Damm, reported the same with­ ing a pension to Josiah H. Shaver, reported the same with out amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6335) ; which amendment, accompanied by a report (N . 6352); which said said bill and report were referred to the Prjvate Calendar. bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. EDWARDS, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to 1\It. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to which was referred the bill .of the House (H. R. 1019) granting which was referred the bill of the Hou~ (II. R. 22036) granting an increase of pension to Daniel B. Bayless, reported the same a pension to Emma A. Hawkes, reported the same with amend­ with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6336) ; which . ment, accompanied by a report (No. 6353) ; which said pill and said bill and report were referred to the· Private Calendar. report were referred to the Private Calendar. 1\Ir. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to 1\fr. FULLER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 529) granting which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 20125) granting an increase of pension to Francis L. Arnold, reported the same an increase of pension to Mary Kuchler, reported the same with with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6337); which amendment, accompanied by a repprt (No. 6354); which said S..'l.id bill and report ,were referred to the' Private Calendar. · bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. · Mr. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to .1\Ir. HOLLIDAY, from the Committee on Jnvalid Pensions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 23279) gl'ant­ which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 22068) granting ing a,n increase ·of pension to D. H. Moore, reported the same an increase of pension to John P . .Macy, reported the sam.e with with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6338). ; which amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6355) ; which said said bill and report were refeued to the Private Calendar. bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the 1\Ir. DIXON of Indiana, from the Committee on Invalid Pen­ bill of the House (H. R. 23327) granting an increase of pension sions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 22079) to Paul Sheets, reported the same without amendment, accom­ granting an increase of pension to James D. Grayson, reported panied by a report (No. 6339) ; which said bill and report were the same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6356); referred to the ]?rivate Calendar. which sp.id bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. DIXON of Indiana, from the Committee oii. Invalid Pen­ Mr. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to sions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 23371) which was .referred the bill of the House (H. R. 22222) granting granting an increase of pension to Clark Crecelius, reported the an increase of pension to John W. Booth, . reported -the ·same same without amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6340) ; with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6357); which which said bill and report were refened to the Priv&te Calendar. said bill and report were referred to the Private ·ea.lendar. Mr. ·FULLER, from the Committee Qn Invalid Pensions, to Mr. FULLER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 23423) grant­ which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 22929) granting ing an increase of pension to Eldrige Simpson, reported the an increase of pension to John 0 . McNabb, r eported the same same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6341); with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6358) : which which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. DEEMER, from the Committee· on Invalid Pensions, to Mr. DIXON of Indiana, from the Committee on Invalid Pen­ which was referred .the bill of the House (H. R. 19450) ·granting sions, to which was referred the bill of the House (II. R. 121M) an increase of _pension to Henry C. Eastep,. reported the same granting an increase of pension to Hem·y E. Collins, reported with amendment, accompanied by a 1:eport (No. 6342); which the same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6359); said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. 1\Ir. SULLOW.A.Y, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, Mr. EDW.A.RDS, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 19498) grant­ which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 22746) granting ing an increase of pension to Sarah Neely, reported the same an increase of pension to Felix G. Cobb, reported the same witll· without amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6343); which amendment, accompanied by a report {No. 6360); which said said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. EDWARDS, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to Mr. DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R . .19592) granting which was referred the bill. of the House (H. R. 22838) granting an increase of pension to W. B. Corley, reported the same with an increase of pension to W. Ira Templeton, reported the .same· amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6344) ; which said with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6361) ; which bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. Mr. BRADLEY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to Mr. BRADLEY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 19613) granting which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 23703) granting a pension to James A. Pryce, reported the same with amendment, an increase of pension to Clarendon Kelly, reported the same accompanied by a reJ'ort (No. 6345) ; which said bill and report with ru:p.endment, accompanied. by a report (No. 6362) ; which were referred to the Private Calendar. said bill and report were referred to the_Private Calendar. Mr. CHAP.l\fAN, from the Oommitee on Invalid Pensions, to Mr. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invn.lid Pensions, to which was referred the.bill of the House (H. ;R. 20126) granting which .ha

1\Ir. HOLLIDAY, from the Committee· on Invalid ·Pensions; 'to Appropriations:· A bill (H. R. 24103) making appropriations- to which was referred the bill of the House ·(H. R. 21103) granting provide for the expenses of the government of the District of an increase of pension to Jacob Palmer, reported the same with Columbia for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1908, and for other amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6365) ; which said purposes-to the Union Calendar. bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. By Mr. MURPHY: A bill" (H. R. 24104) transferring Phelps Mr. CHAP.UA...~, from the COmmittee on Invalid Pensions, to County to the eastern division of the eastern judicial district of which was referred the bill of the House (H: R. 21461) granting 1\Iisso~ri-to the Committee on the Judiciary. an increase of pension to Hem·y Huff, reported the ·same with By Mr. NORRIS (by request) : A bill (H. R. 24105) to divide amendnlent, accompanied by a report · (No. ·6366) ; which said Nebraska into two judicia-l districts and for the establishment. · bill and report were referred to the Private Oalendar. of judicial divisions-to the Committee on the Judiciary. 1\Ir: DEEMER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to · By l\1r. ADAMSON: A bill (H. R. 24106) to provide for an a.Il­ which· was referred the bill of the-House· (H. R. 22550) granting nual appropriation for branch agricultural experiment stations, an increa e of pension to 'Jonathan B. Reber, reported the same and regulating the expenditures therefor-to the Committee on with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6367) ; which Agriculture. said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. · By. Mr. DAVIS of Minnesota: A bill (H. R. 24107) making 1\:lr. BRADLEY, from the Committee on Im•alid Pensions, to a: temporary addition to the compensation of the civil ·employees which was referted the bill of the House (H. R. 21289) grant­ of the Government~to the-committee on Appropriations. ing an increase of pension to J esse Lewis, reported the same By Mr. BIRDSALL: A bill (H. R. 24108) to amend an act with amendment, accomp:mied by a report (No. 6368); which entitled "An act to regulate commerce," approved Feb111ary 4, said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. · 1887-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. l\1r. CIIAP~IAN, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to By 1\fr. HUGHES: A bill (H. R. 24109) to authorize the Nor­ which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 21298) grant­ folk and Western · Railway Company to construct sundry ing ail increase of pension to John A. Pence, reported the same bridges across the Tug Fork of the Big Sandy River-to the with amendment, acoompanied by a report (No. 6369); which Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. By 1\lr. BOWEL~ of Utah: A bill (H. R. 24110) granting Mr. BRADLEY, from· the Committee· on Invalid Pensions, to rights of way and easements for the construction, use, main­ which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 21373) grant­ tenance, and operation of roads, highways, canals, ditches, res­ ing an increase of pension to Carrie E. Cosgrove; rep9rted the ervoirs, teJephone and telegraph lines, and lines for the trans­ same wjth amendment, accompanied by a report (No. .6370); mission of electric light and power within and through forest which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. reserves on the public ·lands of the United States-to the Com­ He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the mittee on the Public Lands. bill of the House (H. R. 22269) granting an increase of pension By l\Ir. PEARRE: A bill (11. R. 24111) to authorize the :Nor­ to John L. Rosecrans, reported the same with amendment, ac­ folk and Western Railway Company to construct a bridge a.cross companied by a report (No. 6371) ; which said bill and report the Potomac River, at or near Shepherdstown, w. Va.-to the were referred to the Private -Calendar. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Co.mrperce. He also, from the .same committee, to which was referred the By Mr. McGUIRE : A bill (H. R. 24112) granting pensions bill of the House (H. . R. 22359) granting an increase of pension to soldiers, sailors, and marines, etc.-to the Committee on In­ to Louisa L. Wood, reported the same with amendment, ac­ valid Pensions. companied by a report (No. 6372) ; which said bill and -report By 1\Ir: STEENERSON: A bill (H. R. 24113) restoring to were referred to the Private Calendar. entry certain ceded Indian lands withdrawn under the provi­ Mr. ·suLLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to sions of tlle act of June 21, 1906-to the Committee on the Pub­ vrhich was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 22443) grant­ lic Lands. ing an increase of pension to Lyman S. Strickland, reported the Also, a bill (H. R. 24114) to authorize the establishment of same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6373); the town site of White Earth, on the White Earth Reservation, in which -said bill and report were referrep. to the Private Calendar. Minnesota-to the Committee on Indian Affairs. Mr. DIXON of Indiana, from the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Also, a bill (H. R. 2411o) to amend an act entitled "An act sions, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 22462) to provide allotments to Indians on White Earth Reservation in granting an increase of pension to Aaron Chamberlain, reported - Minnesota," approved .April 28, 1904-to the Committee on In­ the same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6374); dian Affairs. which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. By Mr. BARTIIOLDT: A bill (H. R. 24116) to authorize tlle Mr. SULLOWAY, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to issuing of bonds for the improvement of the waterways-to the which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 22620) granting Committee on Ways and Means. an increase of pension to Charles S. Abbott, reported the same By 1\fr. BELL of Georgia: A bill (H. R. 24117) to establish an with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6375) ; which assay office at Dahlonega, Lumpkin County, Ga.-to the Com­ said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. mittee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures. Mr. FULLER, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to By Mr. BONYNGE: A bill (H. R. 24118) granting to the Cen­ which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 22623) granting tral Colorado Power Company a right of way over certain public an increase of pension to George W. Willison, reported the same lands, for irrigation and electric power plants, in the State of without amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 6376) ; which Colorado-to the Committe on the Public Lands. said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. By Mr. BENNET of New York: A bill (H. R. 24119) to enable Mr. MAHON, from the Committee on War Claims, to which the Government of the United States to acquire certain real was referred the bill of the House H. R. 14881, reported in lieu estate in the District of.Columbja-to the Committee on Public thereof a resolution (H. Res. 757) referring to the Court of Buildings and Grounds. Claims the papers in the case of heirs of William Douthit, de­ By Mr. STEPHENS of Texas: A bill (H. R. 24120) providing ceased, accompanied by a report (No. 6388) ; which said reso­ for the adjudication of certain citizenship claims in the Choctaw lution and report were referred to the Private Calendar. and Chickasaw nations of the Indian Territory, and for other He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the purposes-to the Committee on Indian Affairs. bill of the House H. R. 19959, reported in lieu thereof a resolu­ Also, a bill (H. R. 24121) for the relief of certain Indi::tns tion (H. Res. 758) referring to the Court of Claims the papers by blood for enrollment upon the legal rolls of their :Lespective in the case of heirs of Charles Ruffner, deceased, accompanied tribes-to the Committee on Indian Affairs. by a report (No. 6389) ; which said resolution and report were By Mr. PERKINS : A bill (H. R. 24122) in reference to the referred to the Private Calendar. expatriation of citizens and their protection abroad-to the Mr. GARBER, from the Committee on Naval Affairs, to which Committee on Foreign Affairs. was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 1561) authorizing By 1\fr. ESCH: A bill (H. R. 24123) to ~end an act requiring the Secretary of the Navy to grant an honorable discharge to common carriers engaged in interstate commerce to make full Peter O'Neil, reported the same with amendment, accom­ reports of all accidents to the Interstate Commerce Commis­ panied by a report (No. 6390) ; which said bill and report w~re sion-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. referred to the Private Calendar. By Mr. DID ARMOND: A bill (H: R. 24124) to make addi­ tional provision for the retirement of judges-to the Committee PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND MEMORIALS on the Judiciary. INTRODUCED. By Mr. ALEXANDER: A bill (H. R. 24125) to ratify a cer­ Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and memo­ tain lease with the Senaca Nation of Indians-to the Committee rails of the following titles were introduced and severally re- on Indian Affairs. ferred as follows : . By Mr. CRUMPACKER: A bill (H. R. 24126) to amend sec­ By l\Jr. GILLETT of Massachusetts, from the Committee on· tion 2 of an act entitled "An act granting pensions to soldiers 1907 .. .· CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. 1121

and sailors who are incapacitated for the performance of manual ing annual appropriations for the improvement of waterways labor, and providing for pensions to widows, minor c"hildren, equal to those for the Army or Navy-to the Committee on and dependent parents," approved June 27, 189()..:-to the Com­ Rivers and Harbors. mittee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. MAHON, from the Committee on War Claims: A reso­ By Mr. RAINEY: A bill (H. R. 24127) providing for the im­ lution (H. Res. 757) referring to the Court of Claims the bill portation in bond of materials for constructing, repairing, and H. R. 14881-to the Private Calendar. equipping ships, and for other purposes-to the Committee on Also, a resolution (H. Res. 758) referring to the Court of .Ways and Means. Claims the bill II. R. 19959-to. the PriT"ate Calendar. . By Mr. MUDD: A bill {H. R. 24128) authorizing the Presi­ By l\Ir. HUFF: A joint resolution (H. J . Res. 218) authoriz­ dent of the United States to purchase the Chesapeake and Dela­ ing the building of dams and locks Nos. 1, 2, and 3, in the ware Canal-to the Committee on Railways and Canals. Youghiogheny River, Pennsylvania-to the Committee on Rivers By Mr. VOLSTEAD: A bill (II. R. 24129) to limit the issue and Harbors. and u e of stocks, bonds, arid certain certificates of indebted­ ness of corporations engaged as common carriers in interstate PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS INTRODUCED. commerce, and to prohibit consolidation of such carriers and Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolutions of control of one carrier by another without permission from the the following titles were introduced and severally referred as Inter tate Commerce Commission-to the Committee on Inter­ follows: stute und Foreign Commerce. By 1\fr. ACHESON: A bill {H. R. 24137) granting an increase By Mr. WEEKS: A bill (H. R. 24130) to increase th~ ef­ of pension to John l\Ietz-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ ficiency of the personnel of the line of the Navy of the United sion. State -to the Committee on Naval Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 24138) granting an increase of pension to By Mr. MARSHALL: A bill (II. R. 24131) to amend an act David Potts-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. entitled "An act for the withdrawal from bond, tax free, of do­ By Mr. ALEXANDER: A bill (H. R. 24139) for th(l relief mestic alcohol when rendered unfit for beverage or liquid medic­ of Peter G. Straub-to the Committee on Claims. inal uses by mixture with suitable denaturing materials," ap­ Also, a bill (H. R. 24140) granting a pension to Louise .C., proved June 7,. 190G~to the Committee on Ways and Means. Edward J ., Catherine l\I., and Mary A. Campbell-to the Com­ By 1\Ir. SHACKLEFORD: A bill (H. R. 24132) directing the mittee on Pensions. Secretary of War to put the United States snag boat C. R. By l\Ir. ANDREWS : A. bill (H. R. -24141) granting an in­ Suter into service and employ her in clearing and keepipg crease of pension to Juan Baca y Suis, alias Juan Baca No. 2-­ clear the channel of the Missouri River between the ports of St. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 'Louis and Kansas City-to the Committee on Rivers ·and Har­ By l\lr. ;BARTHOLDT: A bill (H. R. 24142) granting a pen­ bor. sion to Henry S. Weir-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By 1\fr. FOSTER of Vermont: A. bill (II. R. 24133) authoriz­ By l\Ir. BEIDLER: A bill (H. R. 24143) granting an increase ing the Secretary of the Navy to determine the destructive ef­ of pension to Asher l\IcSwain- to the Committee on Invalid fect of explosive gelatin-charged shell against a battle ship-to Pensions. the Committee on Naval Affairs. By l\fr. BONYNGE: A. bill (H. R. 24144) granting a pension By Mr. BROOKS of Colorado·: A bill (H. R. 24134) providing to John Washington-to the Committee on Pensions. for the granting and patenting to the State of Colorado, free of By Mr. BURGESS: A bill (H. R. 24145) to provide an Amer­ price, desert lands formerly in the Ute Indian Reser ation in ican register for the bark Baunm1r-to the Committee on the Colorado--to the Committee on the Public Lands. L Merchant Marine and Fisheries. By Mr. DENBY.: A· bill (H. R. 24135) to amend an act ap­ By Mr. BURLEIGH: A bill (H. R. 24146) for the relief of proved June 29, 1906, entitled "A.n act to amend an act entitled John H. Butman-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 'An act to regulate commerce,' approved February 4, 1887, and By Mr. BURNETT : A bill (H. R. 24147) granting a pension all acts amendatory thereof, and to enlarge the powers of the to James Bates-to the Committee on Invalid P(msions. Interstate Commerce Commission "-to the Committee on Inter­ Also, a bill (H. R. 24148) granting a pension to Jesse G. state and Foreign Commerce. Lott-to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. MINOR: A bill (H. R. 24136) to reimburse officers By l\lr. CAMPBELL of Ohio: A bill {H. R . 24149) granting and enlisted men of the United States Revenue-Cutter Service­ a pension to George W. Davis-to the Committee on Invalid to the Committee on Claims. Pensions. · · By Mr. SillS, from the Committee on 'Var Claims: A reso­ Also, a bill (H. R. 24150) grantiiig a pension to · John Al­ lution (H. Res. 744) referring to the Court of Claims the bill bright-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. H. R. 4023-to the Private Calendar. Also, a bill (H. R. 24151) granting a pension to John Mc­ By l\lr. HOLLIDAY, from the Committee on War C}aims: A Conaghuy-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. resolution (H. Res. 745) referring to the Court ·of Claims the Also, a bill (H. R. 24152) granting a pension to Philip Siler­ bill H. R. 15661-to the Private Calendar. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By 1\fr. PATTERSON of South Carolina, from the Committee Also, a bill (H. R. 24153) granting a pension to Oscar Wil­ on War Claims: A resolution (H. Res. 746) referring to the son-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Court of Claims the bill H. R. 16531-to the Private Calendar. Also, a bill (H. R. 24154) granting a. pension to Triphena By l\Ir. LEE, from the Committee on War Claims: A resolu­ Butler-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. tion (H. Res. 747) referring to the Court of Claims the bill Also, a bill (H. R. 24155) granting a pension to Richard N. H. R. 18479-to the Private Calendar. Porter-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a resolution (H. Res. 748) referring to the Court of Also, a bill {H. R. 24156) granting a pension to Mary Welch­ Claims the bill II. R. 18480-to the Private Calendar. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. PATTERSON of South Carolina, from the Committee AI o, a bill (H. R. 24157) granting a pension to Freeman on War Claims: A. resolution (H. Res. 749) referring to the Burke-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Court of Claims the bill H. R. 19140-to the Private Calendar. Also, a bill (H. R. 24158) granting a pension to Simon P. Also, a resolution (H. Res. 750) referring to the Court of l\Iiller-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. · Claims the bill II. R. 19356-to the Private Calendar. By l\fr. CHANEY: A bill (H. R. 24159) granting an increase Also, a resolution (H. Res. 751) referring to the Court of of pension to Peter Smith-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Claims the bill H. R. 19423--to the Private Calendar. sions. By Ir. SIMS, from the Committee on War Claims: A resolu­ Also, a bill (H. R. 24160) granting an increase of pension tion (H. Res. 752) referring to the Court of Claims the bill to Jeremiah F. Pittman-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ H. R. 20197-to the Private· Calendar. sions. By Mr. HOLLIDAY, from the Committee on War Claims: A. By Mr. COOPER of Pennsylvania: A. bill (H. R. 24161) resolution (H. Res. 753) referring to the Court of Claims the granting an increase of pension to Hugh O'Neal-to the Com­ bill H. R. 22970-to the Private Calendar. mittee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a resolution (H. Res. 754) referring to the Court of By Mr. COUDREY: A bill {H. R. 24162) granting an in­ Claims the bill H. R. 23847-to the Private Calendar. crease of pension to Adam Zimmerman-to the Committee on By l\Ir. HOWELL of New Jersey: .A. resolution {H. Res. 755) Invalid Pensions. · to pay J . M. Thompson and J. J. Constantine an. increase of Also, a blll {H. R. 24163) granting an increase of pension to salary-to the Committee· on Accounts. Oscar Messick-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. l\IDRPHY: A resolution {H. Res. 756) calling on the Also, a bill (H. R. 24164) granting an increase of pension to "Attorney-General for information in relation to the harvester Leander Wood-to the Committee on lnvalid Pensions. . trust-to the Committee on the Judiciary. Also, a bill (Ii. R. 24165) granting an increase of pension t o By Mr. ACHESON: A joint resolution {H. J. Res. 217)_favor- John Martini-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. X LI-.-71 1122 CONGR.ESSIONAL .RECORD-HOUSE. J~UARY 14,

Also, a bill· (H. R. 24166) granting an increase of pension to­ standing aga inst .Terry F r itts- to the Committee on Invalid Patrick Grady-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 24167) granting a pension to William By Mr . HAMILTON : A bill (H. R. 24201) for the relie1 of Tepe, jr.- to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. J ohn Lamb, deceased- to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (II. R. 24168} granting a pension t o Thomas Also, a bill (H. R . 24202) for the relief of Charles II. Lock­ Corten-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. wood-:-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 24169) for the relief of J ohn H. Rhein­ Also, a bill (H. R. 24203) granting an increase of pensiol!l to lander- to the Committee on Pensions. Charles W. Dukette-to tbe Committee on Invalid Pensions. · By 1\Ir. CUSHl\IAN : A bill (H. R. 24170) granting an in­ By 1\lr. HARDWICK : A bill (H. R. 24204) granting an in­ crea e of pension to Charles Rogers- to t he Committee on In­ crease of pension to J ohn Loughmiller-to tbe Committee on valid Pensions. I nvalid Pensions. By Mr. DE ARMOND: A bill (H. R. 24171) granting an in­ By 1\Ir. HEDGEJ: -A bill (H. R. 24205) granting an increase crease of pension to Finus l\1. Wyatt- to the Committee on of pension to James Meneeley- to the Committee on Invalid Inv-alid Pensions. Pensions. By l\Ir. DAWSON : A bill (H. R. 24.172) granting an increase By Mr. HINSHAW : A bill (H. R. 24206) granting a pension of pension to Henrietta Hull- to the Coliliilittee on Invalid to Catherine West- to tbe Committee on Invn.lid Pensions. Pensions. .Also, a bill (H. R. 24207) granting an increase of pension t o Also, a bill (H. R. 24173) to grant an extension of certain Henry Eaton-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. letters patent to the widow of Amos 1\1. Kendall- to the Com­ By Mr. JAUES : A !}ill (H. R. 24:208) granting an increase mittee on Patents. of pension to Albert Sunderland-to the Committee on Invalid By 1\Ir. DE~""BY : A bill (IT. R. 24174) granting a pension to Pensions. Charles H. Goldsmith- to tbe Committee on Invalid Pensions. By 1\Ir. FREDERICK LAJ\"TIIS : A bill (H. R. 24200) grant­ Also, a !}ill (H. R. 24175) granting a pension to Daniel G. ing an increase of pension to Amanda Bonner- to the Com· Crotty-to tbe Committee on Invalid-Pensions. mittee on Invalid Pensions. - By l\fr. DICKSON of Illinois: A bill (II. R. 24176} granting Also, a bill (H. R . 24210) granting an increase of pension to a pension to TUden Aderholt- to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ George H . 1\faddo.x-to tbe Com_mittee on. Invalid Pensions. sions. Also, a bill (H. R. 24211) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 24177) granting an increase of pension to Elizab~th R. Bringhurst- to the Committee on Invalid Pen·· Harper Kellam-to tbe Committee on Invalid Pensions. ~~& 0 By l\11~. DIXON of Indiana :- A bill (H. R . 24178) granting an By 1\fr. . L AWRENCE : A bill (H. R. 24212) granting an in­ increase of pension to William Hamilton-to the Committee on crea e of 'pension to Winslow H. Furrows-to the Committee­ Invalid Pensions. - on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (II. R. 24179) granting an increase of pension t o By Mr. LEVER : A bill (H. n. 24213) for the relief of the J oseph P . Puilis-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. heirs of Denis O'Callaghan~ deceased-to the Committee on Also, a bill (H. R. 24180) granting a pension to Eliza J. War Claims. l\fahurin- to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 24214) granting an increase of pension to By 1\Ir. DRISCOLL: A bill (H. R. 24181) granting an-increase Elizabeth Hodge--to t he Committee on Pensions. of pension to Frank Rushaloo-to the Committee on Invalid By Mr. L I NDSAY : A bill (H. R. 24215) granting an increase Pensions. of pensiiJ:p to George Hoell- to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ sions. 'J Also, a bill (H . R. 24182) granting an increase of pension to J ohn Delaney:-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. · By Mr. LITTLEFIELD: A bill (H. n. 2421G) granting an in· Also, a bill (H. R. 24183) granting an increase of pension to crease of pension to .Jonathan Davidson-to the Committee on 'J oseph B. Joyce-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Invalid Pensions. By Mr. LIVINGSTON: A bill (H. R 24217) granting an in· Also, a bill (H. R. 24184) to remove tbe charge of desertion crease of pension to August J. Sunden-to tbe Committee on from the record of William 1\f. Reals- to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Military Affairs. By Mr. LORIMER: A om (ll. R. 24218) granting an increase .By 1\lr. DWIGHT : A bill (H. R. 24185) granting an increase of pension to William H. F lagg-to the Committee on Invalid of pension to William S. Weller-to tbe Committee on Invalid Pensions. Pensions. · · By 1\fr. LOUDENSLAGER: A bill (H. R. 24219) granting an By Mr. EDWARDS : A bill (H. R. 24186) granting an increase increase of pension to Sarah E. Stockton-to the Committee on of pension to Jackson Sizemore-to tbe Committee on I nvalid Invalid Pensions. ° P ensions. - · 0 By 1\1r. LOWDJ,!JN : A bill (H. R. 24220) granting an increase Also, a bill (H. R. 24187) granting an increase of pension t o of. pension to William P . Robbe-to tbe Coill.lllittee on Invalid Nancy G. Reid-to the Committee on Pensions. Pensions. By 1\lr. ENGLEBRIGHT: A. bill (H. R . 24188) granting an By Mr. McCALL : A bill (H. R. 24221) granting an increase increase of pension to Samuel Moore-to the Committee on of pension to H . Prescott Wilbur- to the. Committee on Invalid Invalid Pensions. · Pensions: Also, a bill (II. R. 24189) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 24222) granting an increase of pension t o Frederick Hoffner- to tbe Committee on Invalid Pensions. Rose Gill-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. FLOYD : A bill (H. R. 24190) for the relief of Ben Also, a bill (H. R. 24223) granting a pension to Martha A . L . 1\.laburen- to tbe Committee on War Claims. Stephens-to the Committee on I nvalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H~ R . 24.191) for the relief of Leonard Keeling­ By 1\fr. McGUIRE: A bill (H. R. 24224) for tbe refutlding of t o the Committee on Invalid Pensions. certain moneys-to the Committee on Indian Affairs. By Mr. FULKERSON: A bill (H. R. 24102) granting an in­ By l\fr. McKINLAY of California : A bill (H. R. 24225) crease of pension to Charles Lee-to tbe Committee on Pensions. granting an increase of pension to William Ivans-to the Com­ Also, a bill (II. R. 24193) granting an increase of pension to mittee on Invalid Pensions. William Glaze-to the Committee on InvaHd Pensions. Also, a .bill (H.· n.. 24.226) granting an increase of pension t o By Mr. GARNER : A bill (H. R. 24194) granting an in

1907. CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-HOUSE. 1123

By Mr. MUDD: A bill (H. R. 24233) granting an increase of Bridgeport National Bank, Bridgeport, Ohio--:..to the Committee pension to James Kinsella-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ on Claims. sions. By Mr. WILEY of Alabama: A "bill (H. R. 2426~b granting Also, a bill (H. R. 24234) granting an increase of pension to an increase of pension to Louisa Olin-to the Committee on Pen-· Jacob R. McCane--to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. sions. · Also, a bill (H. R. 24235) granting an increase of pension to By Mr. WOOD: A bill (H. R. 24269) granting an increase of Mary J. Richards-to the Committee on Pensions. pension to William L. Stewart-to the Committee on Invalid By l\fr. REEDER: A bill (H. R. 24236) granting an increase Pensions. of pen ion to James W. Iden-to the Committee on Invalid Pen- By 1\Ir. ZENOR: A bill (H. R. 24270) granting an increase of sions. · pension to George W. Bogie--to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Also, a bill (H. R. 24237) granting an increase of pension to sions. ,William L. Crurnrine--to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 24238) granting a pension to Nancy Porter-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. CHANGE OF REFERENCE. By 1\Ir. REID: A bill (H. R. 24239) for the relief of Winfield Under clause 2 of Rule XXII, committees were discharged S. Jennings-to the Committee on War Claims. from the consideration of bills of the following titles; which· Also, a bill (II. R. 24240) granting a pension to Charity E. were thereupon referred as follows : Boman-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. A bill (H.R. 24017) granting an increase of pension to Tim­ Also, a bill (H. R. 24241) granting an increase of pension to othy Hanlon-Committee on Invalid Pensions discharged, and William J. Bristow-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. referred to the Committee on Pensions. By l\Ir. RIXEY: A bill (H. R. 24242) granting an increase of A bill (H. R. 24097, for the relief of Henry J. McBroom, and pension to John Doran-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to correct his military record-Committee on Invalid Pensions By Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas: A bill (H. R. 24243) to cor­ discharged, and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. rect the military record of John Brechtel-to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. SCHNEEBELI: A bill (H. R. 24244) granting a pen­ PETITIONS, ETC. sion to Edward R. Houck-to the Committee on Pensions. Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions and By Mr. SIMS: A bill (H. R. 24245) granting an honorable papers were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: discharge to John W. Scott-to the Committee on Military By the SPEAKER: Petition of John A. Logan Post of Span­ Affairs. ish War Veterans, Danville, Ill., for restoration of Army can­ By Mr. SLAYDEN: A bill (H. R. 24246) to pay the Wood­ teen-to the Committee on Military Affairs. ward CaiTiage Company, of San Antonio, Tex., for the loss of a Also, petition of l\leyer Goldstein and about 2,500 other Ger­ hors~ while being used ·by tpe Department of Agriculture--to man-Americans of Greater New York, against the provisions of the Committee on Claims. . the pending bill for the restriction of immigration ( S. 4403)­ . By Mr. SMITH of Illinois: A bill (H. R. 24247) to remove .the to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. charge of desertion from the record of James Orange--to the By Mr. ACHESON: Petition of Beaver Valley Lodge, No. 574, Committee on 1\Iilitary Affairs. Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen, for Senate By Mr. SMITH of Kentucky: A bill (II. R. 24248) granting bill 5133 and House bill 9328-to the Committee on Interstate an increase of pen ion to William P. Routt-to the Committee and Foreign Commerce. on Invalid Pen ion . Also, petition of National Business League, for improvement By Mr. ·souTHARD: A bill (H. R. 24249) granting a pension of land laws-to the Committee on the Public Lands. to l\lary I. White--to the Committee on ·Invalid Pensions. Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of John 1\Ietz-to the Also, a bill (H. R. 24250) granting an increase of pension to Committee on Invalid Pen,sions. John l\1. Reid-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, petition of National Business League, for consular im­ By Mr. SOUTHWICK: A bill (H. R. 24251) granting an in­ pro>ement-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. crease of pension to Martin Peacock-to the Committee on In­ Also, petition of Pittsburg Coal Exchange, for 9-foot channel valid Pensions. in Ohio River-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. By Mr. STANLEY: A bill (H. R. 24252) granting an increase By 1\lr. ALLEN of Maine: Petition of Nathan Barne11:, oppos­ of pension to John Coombs-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ ing passage of Dillingham-Gardner bill-to the Committee on sions. Immigration and Naturalization. By Mr. SULLOWAY: A bill (H. R. 24253) granting an in­ Also, petition of Franco-American Food Company, praying for crea~e of pension to Franklin Grant-to the Committee on In­ relief of the words " Inspected and passed" in meat-inspection valid Pensions. bill-to the ('.;()mmittee on Agriculture. By Mr. THO~IAS of North Carolina: A bill (H. R. 24254) By Mr. ALLEN of New Jersey: Petition of Chicago Lumber for tile relief of the heirs of Charles H. Foy, deceased-to the and Coal Company, favoring additional transportation facili­ Committee on War Claims. ties-to the Committee on Intersta~e and Foreign Commerce. By l\Ir. TOWNSEND : A bill _(H. R. 24255) granting a pension By Mr. ALEXANDER : Petition of Howard D. Beach et al., to La>ina W. Ellis-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Buffalo, N. Y., against amendment to copyright bill relative to AI o, a bill (H. R. 24256) to pay to the administratrix of tile photographs· in newspapers-to the Committee on Patents. . estate of George W. Fleming for services rendered as letter-box . By Mr. ANDRUS: Petition of East Chester Citizen, against inspector from March 29, 1902, to June 13, 1903-to the Com- tariff on linotype· machines-to the Committee on Ways and mittee on Claims. . Means. By Mr. VREELAND: A bill (H. R. 24257) granting a pensiou Also, petition of Liberty. Council, No. 40, Junior Order United to Harriet 1\1. Waudell-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. American Mechanics, · favoring restriction of immigration ( S. By l\Ir. WALDO: A bill (H. R. 24258) granting an increase 4403)~to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. of pension to Evelyn G. Regan-to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. BARCHFELD: Petitions of citizens of the States of By 1\lr. WASHBURN: A bill (H. R. 24259) granting an in­ Illinois, Tennessee, Texas, 1\lissouri, Ohio, Indiana, Florida, crea>;"e of pension to H. A. ·Johnson-to the Committee on In­ Kansas, New York, Arkansas, Iowa, Kentucky, Oregon, Colo­ valid Pensions. rado, Michigan, Nebraska, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Okla- · By 1\Ir. WELBORN: A bill (H. R. 24260) granting a pension homa, against the enactment into law .of the bill (S. 5221) to to W. L. Corum-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. regulate the practice of osteopatily, etc., in the District of Co­ Also, a bill (H. R. 24261) granting an increase of pension to lumbia-to the Committee on the District of Columbia. Junius A. Bryant-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, petitions of citizens of the .following States against Sen­ AI o, a bill (II. R. 24262) granting an increase of pension to ate bill 5221, to regulate the practice of osteopathy in the Dis­ Joiln T. 1\Iiller-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. trict of Columbia: Indiana, Kansas, New York, Missouri, Texas, Also, a bill (H. R. 24263) granting an increase of pension to Arkansas, South Dakota, Colorado, Ohio, South Carolina, Mich­ Louis F. Allen-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. igan, Mississippi, Illinois, Massachusetts, Alabama, Connecticut, AI o, a bill (H. R. 24264) to correct the military record of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Pennsylvania-to the Committee on Charles J. Lanning-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the District of Columbia. Also, a bill (H. R. 24265) granting an increase of . pension to By l\1r. BARTHOLDT: Petition from officers of the Depart­ William H. Price--to the Committee on -Invalid Pensions. ment of the District of Columbia, United Spanish War Vet­ . By Mr. WEEKS: A bill (H. R. 24266) for the relief of Pay­ erans, urging the restoration of the Army canteen-to the Com­ master Ignatius Thomas Hagner, United States Navy-to the mittee on Military Affairs. Committee on Claims. Also, petition of Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen, of Pa­ By l\1r. WEEMS: A bill ·(H. R. 24207) for the relief of the cific Lodge, No: 64, of St. Louis, Mo., urging the passage of the 1124 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-H -OUSE~ JANUARY 14,.

Gilbert anti-injunction bilf (B. R. 9328:)-to' the Committee· on Also, petition of American Artists for Free Art, for repeal of the Judiciary. duty o:n art works- to the Committee on Ways -and Ue-an.s. By 1\fr. BEIDLER : Paper to accompany bill !or relief of By Mr. DAWSON : Petition .of National Business League, for 'Vii-limn: 1\f. Scllofielct---to the Committee on War CJ.aims. permanent consular i.mprovement and commer~ial enlargement­ By Mr. BINGHAM: Petition of civil war veterans and Span~ to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. ish war veterans, for resto-ration of Army canteen- to the Com­ By 1\Ir. DENBY : Petition of Detroit Abendpost and· Michigan mitte-e orr Military Affairs. Volksblatt, against t ariff on linotype machines-to the Commit­ By Mi·. BRICK : Petition of Young People's City Union, South tee on Ways and Means. Bend, Ind., and Associated Charities of South Bend, for amelio­ By l'iir. DRAPER: Petition of Chamber of Commerce of New ration of condition frr Kongo Free State-to- the Committee on York, for House bill 17347, for increase of artillery-to tlle Oom­ Foreign Affairs. mittee on 1\filitary Affairs: Also, petition of the Sunday News, South Bend, and Daily By Mr. DRISCOLL : Petition of Onondaga. Council, No. 47. Tribune, South Bend, ag.ainst tariff on linotype machines- to the Daughters. of Liberty, favoring restriction· of immigration (S. Comtnittee on Ways and Means. 4403)- to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. By Mr. BURTON of Ohio : Protest of German-American Al­ By· Ur. DUNWELL : Petition of National Business ·League, liance,. against Dillingham-Gardner bill relative to hnmigra­ for improvement in land laws-to the- Committee on the Public. tion~to the Oommittee_on Immigration and Naturalization. Lands. lly Mr. BURGESS : Letter- asking that the Norwegian bark Also, petition of National Business- League-, for improvement Batmen be giyen an American register- to the Committee on in consular serYice-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. the l\Ierchant l\farine and Fisheries. By M1•; EDWARDS': PapeJ.'S to accompany bill H . R. 19502. By Mr. BURLEIGH; Papers to accompany H. R. 23243~ for to- correct the mi-litary reeor(l of F. A. Taylor-to the Committee the relief. of Charles P. Ryan- to the Committee on Military Af­ . on Military· Affairs. fairs. Also, paper to- accompany bill for relief of Nancy Lipps-to By 1\fr. CAMPBELL of Ohio: Petition of citizens of Napoleon, t he Committee on I nvalid Pensions. Ohio, urging the passage- of bill H. R 16955- to -the Committee By Mr. ESOH.: Petition of National Business League, for on the District of Columbia. i.mprovement in land· laws- to the Committee on the Public BY l\fr. CLARK of Florida : Petition of 0 . Pierre Hayens, of Lands. . · J!lcksouville, Fla., to amend copyright bill favorable to photo­ By 1\Ir. FULLER : Petition of_Robert S. Waddell, against the graphic work orr newspapers- to the Committee on Patents~ Dupont powder trust-to the Committee .on Military Affairs. Also, petition of Ohri.stian Standard and Evening Record, Also, petition of National Camp, Patriotic Order of Americans, against tariff. on linotype machines- to the Committee on Ways favoring restriction of immigration (S. 4403)- to the Com­ and Means. mittee- on Immigration and Naturalization. .Also, petition of the Open Court, against tariff on linotype­ Also petition of Camp No. 1,. Pah·iotic Order Sons of America, -Jacksonville, Fla.,. for the merchant-marine shipping bill- to the machines- to the Committee on Ways and 1\leans. Committee on the Merchant :Marine and Fislleries. Also, petition of International Seamen's Union, against ship~ By Mr. DALE: Petition of 275 members Brotherhood of Rail­ subsidy bill___:___to-_ the Committee on the 1\ferchant Marine and way Trainmen, Lodge 94, for Senate bill 5133 and H . R. 9328- Fisheries. t o. the Com.tnittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Also, petition of J. B. Castle, of Sandwich, Ill., for amend­ ment to railway rate law, to permit interchange of advertising· ALso, petition of J. Horgan, jr.• Scranton, for amending copy­ for transportation- to the Committee on Interstate and Foreigili right bill favorable to photographic work on newspapers- to the Commerce. Committee on Patents. By 1\ir. FULKERSDN: Paper to accompany bill for relief of· ·Also, petition of R. L. Uartin and Admi.ral Dahlgren Section William Glaze-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of the Navy League of the United States, fayoring the NayY per­ By Mr. GILL : Paper to accompany bill for relief of John sonnel bill- to the Committee on Naval Affa-irs. W . · SaYille--to the Committee on Naval Affairs. Also, petition of Adolpl;l C. Hottenroth,. for Iegislation to im­ By Mr. GOULDEN: Petition. of Adolph C. Hottenroth, John prove currency laws- to the Committee on Banking and Our- _ Haffen, S. Feust, and Judson G. Wall, of New York, for im­ rency. mediate c-urrenc-y re-form-to the Committee on Banking and · Also, petition of Association of Army Nurses of the Civil War, Currency. for the Dalzell bill (pensions to ex-prisoners of. war)- to the By 1\Ir. GRAHAl\1: Petition of National Business League of·. Committee on Invalid Pensions: Chicago, for- permanent· consular i.mprove-ment and commercial ,Also, petition. of· San Francisco Labor Council,. against utte!'­ enlargement- to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. ances of President relative to Japanese in schools of said city­ Also, report of committee on legislation of the Chamber of to the Committee on Foreign A.f'fairs. - Commerce of Pittsburg, for the passage of the bill providing for Also, peti.tion of National Camp, Pennsylvania State Camp, the increase of the salaries of letter carri.ers- to the- Committee and New York State Camp, Patriotic Order Sons of America, on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. favoring restriction of immigration ( S. 4403.) - to t he Commit­ Also, petition of Barney Dreyfus, of LouisYille, Ky., against tee on Immigration and Naturalization. the passage of the i.mmigration bill-to the Committee on Immi:- · Also, petition of New Immigrant Protective League, against gration and Naturalization. . I.:odge-Gardner- bill- to tbe Committee on I mmigration and Nat­ Also, petition of twenty-two trainmen of Pittsburg Pa., against: uralization. _certain features of the La Follette sixteen-hour bill-to the Com­ Also, petition of National Business League, for i.mprove­ mittee 6n the- Judiciary. ment of land laws-to the Committee on. the Public Lands. Also, petitions of cm:pmittee on ri'\.rers and harbors of the Cham­ Also, petition of Joint Executive Committee on Improvement. ber of Commerce of Pittsburg, and the Joint Executive Commit­ of Harbor of Philadelphia, for i.mprovement of channel o{ Dela­ tee on the Improvement of the Harbor of Philadelphia, opi)Dsing ware and Schuylkill rivers-to the Committee on Rivers and the idea of local participation in the expense of i.mproving the Harbors. rivers and barbors of this great nation-to the Committee on Also, petition of engineers on the Delaware and Hudson sys­ Rivers and Harbors. tem of railways, against the sixteen-hour bill- to the Committee Also, petition of National Business League of Chicago, for the on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. conservation of the public. domain, etc.-to the Committee on th2 Also, petition of International Seareen's Union of America, Public Lands. against the- ship-subsidy bill-:-to the Committee on th'e Merchant Also, petition of R. L. 1\Iartin, of Philadelnhia, asking support 1\Iarine and Fisheries. of the navy personnel bill- to the Committee on Naval Affairs. Also, petition of Charles K.' Harris, for favorable considera­ Also, petition of Adolph C. Hottenroth, John Haffell, S. Feust, tion of se~tion 25 of copyright bill- to tbe Committee on and Judson G. Wall, of New York, for immediate currency re­ . Patents. form- to the Committee on Banking and Currency. Also, petition of Arthur E. Paige, for appropriation for con­ Also, petition of the Franco-American Food Company , for tinuous care of Patent Office model. exhibit in Philadelphia--to amendment to the pure-food law favorable to honest firms--to · the Committee on Appropriations. the Committe-e on Agriculture. . Also, petition of Charles A.. Crow, O~uthersville; Md, for Also, papers to accompany H . R. 22253, granting an increase reduction of appropriatj_on for carrying mails by railways- to of pension to Edward Hadfield ; papers to accompany H. R. the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. 22252, ·granting an increase of _pension to W. W. Tyso-n, and Also, petition of Keystone Powder lUannfactur.ing Company,. papers to accompany H~ R 9430, granting an increase of pe~ion fa:voring bill for_ GoYernment powder manufa_ctories.~to the to Elizabeth J. Coates-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Oonunittee ou Military Affairs~ · · Also, petition. of ·Association of Army Nurses o.f the Civil War, 1907. .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE. 1125

for passage of bill to place the volunteer nurses on an equality Also, petition of National Business League, for improvement with those pensioned under act of 1892--to the Committee ·on of consular service-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Pensions. Also, petition of German-American Alliance, against the Dill- By 1\lr. GRONNA: Petition of Charles K. Harris, asking for ingham bill-to the ·Committee on Immigration and "Naturaliza­ the passage of Senate bill No. 6330-to the Committee on Patents. tion. Also, petition of Association of Army Nurses of the Civil Also, petition of EJ. M. Youtz, against amendment to copyright War. asking for the passage of the Dalzell bill- to the Com- bill affecting photographs in newspapers-to the Committee on mittee on Invalid Pensions. Patents. Also, petition of Patriotic Order· Sons ·of America, indorsing Also, petition of National Business League, for improvement Senate bill No. 4403-to the Committee on Immigration and of land laws-to the Committee on the Public Lands. Naturalization. · Also, petition of Youngstown Chamber of Commerce, for in- Al!)o, petition of Hon. J . H. Worst et al., for appropriation to crease of salaries of clerks in the postal service-to the Com­ Improve land by drainage-to the Committee on the Public mittee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. - Lands. By Mr. LINDSAY: Paper to accompany bill for relief of Also, petition of Franco-American Food Company, for amend- George Hoell-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ment to meat-inspection law favorable to honest packers-to the Also, petition of Chamber of Commerce of New York, for pas- Committee on Agriculture. sage of House bill 17346, to increase the efficiency of artillery of Also, petition . of International Seamen's Union of America, the United States-to the Committee on Military Affairs. against ship-subsidy bill-to the Committee on the Merchant Also, petition of Theo. F . Adkin, Rochester, N. Y., for the Marine and Fisheries. Crumpacker bill (fraud order)-to the Committee on the By Mr. GROSVENOR: Papers to accompany claim of J. A. Judiciary. ~almer, census enumerator, Athens, Ohio--to the Committee on Also, petition of Adolph C. Hottenroth, for legislation to im- Claims. prove the currency-to the Committee on Banking and Currency. Aiso petition of trainmen of Cincinnati and Muskingum Val- Also, petition of Robert S. Waddell, against the Dupont pow- ley Railway, Lancaster, Ohio, protesting against the La Follette der trust-to the Committee on 1\Iilita.ry Affairs. sixteen-hour bill-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Also, petition of Louis Calais, for appropriation of $50,000,000 Commerce. annually for deep waterways-to the Committee on Rivers and By :Mr. HALE : Papers to accompany bill for relief of estate Harbors. of Horace L. Bradley and of Joseph Cox-to the Committee on Also, petition of Cincinnati ex-prisoners of war, for pension War Claims. · · bill S. 3105 and Dalzell bill in House-to the Committee on In- Also, paper to accompany bill for r~lief of Benjamin L. Law- valid Pensions. son-to the Committee on War Claims. Also,. petition of New Immigrant Protective League, against By l\Ir. HAMILTON: Petition of citizens of village of Buch- the Lodge-Gardner bill-to the Committee on Immigration and anan, Pa., against parcels-post bill-to the Committee on the Naturalization. Post-Office and Post-Roads. Also, petition of Woman's Republican Club, for· House bill · By 1\:lr. HAY: Paper to accompany bill for relief of John S. 17562, for investigation into woman's work-to the Committee Lupton-to the Committee on War Claims. on Labor. . By Mr. HERMANN: Petition of J. N. Teal, favoring appro- Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of Jacob Hartman, priations for improvement of waterways-to the Committee on Jeremiah Burke, and William Lewis-to the Committee on In- Rivers and Harbors. ·· valid Pensions. By Mr. HIGGINS: Petition of New England Waterworks Also, petition of Samuel H. Sipsbey, for amendment to copy- Association, fayoring larger appropriations for stream measure- right law favorable to photographic work in newspapers-to ments-to the Committee on Appropriations. the Committee on Patents. By 1\fr. HILL of Connecticut: Petition of Danbury Business By Mr. LOUD: Petition of members of Lawton Camp, Span- Men's Association, for increase of salaries of post-office clerks ish War Veterans, of Bay City, 1\Iich., for restoration of the in first and second class offices-to the Committee on the Post- Army canteen-to the Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. Office and Po-st-Roads. . By Mr. McKINNEY: Petition of Tri-City Labor Congress, for -By Mr. IIINSHAW: Petition of Fairbury (Nebr.) Lodge investigation of conditions of child labor-to the Committee on and Cleveland Lodge, Brotherhood Locomotive Engineers and Labor. Firemen, of Omaha, Nebr., for passage of sixteen-hour bill-to By l\Ir. MOON of Pennsylvania: Paper to accompany bill for the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. relief of George C. Clegg-to the Committee on War Claims. Alw, petition of C. B. Rodgers, of 'Vymore, Nebr., and 20 By Mr. MOON of Tennessee: Papers to accompany bill for trainmen of Fairbury, Nebr., against passage of sixteen-hour increase of .pension for Absolom . Sirley-to the Cominittee on bill-to the Comrrlittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Pensions. By Mr. HOPKINS: Papers to accompany bill for the :relief Also, papers to accompany bill granting pension to George W. of Joseph EJ. Lindsey, and papers to accompany bill H. R. 23750, Holland-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. for the relief of J. B. Mason, Theo. G. 1\Ioren, D. R. Brock, and By Mr. MOORE of Pennsylvania: Petition of National Busi­ J. C. McKee, trustees of Laurel Seminary-to the Committee ness League, for improvement in land laws-to the Committee on War Claims. on the J?ublic Lands. By Mr. HOUSTON: Paper to accompany bill for relief of Also, petition of National Business League, for improved con- William T. Gullett-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. sular service-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. By :Mr. HOWELL of New Jersey: Petition of New Jersey By Mr. PADGETT: Paper to accompany bill for relief of State Horticultural Society, for minimum duty on green and w. H. Winstead and Thomas J. Lawson-to the Committ~e on dried' apple~ bY. German Government-to the Committee on Wars . War Claims. and Means. Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of Elijah W. Ad- Also, petition of New Jersey State Federation of Women's kins-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Clubs, for regulation of child labor in the District of Columbia- By 1\Ir. PATTERSON of Tennessee: Petition of National to the Committee on the District of Columbia. . Business· League of Chicago, for permanent consular improve- . Also, petition of Monday Afternoon Club, Passaic, N. J., for I ment and commercial enlargement-to the Committee on For- nationaJ forest re erve--to the Committee on Agriculture. 1 eign Affairs. · By Mr. HOWELL of Utah: Paper to accompany .bill for r0- I Also, petition of Adolph C. Hottenroth, John Haffen, S. Feust, lief of Louis Miller (previously referred to Committee on Inva- I and Judson G. Wall, of New York, for immediate currency re- lid Pensions)-to the Committee on Pensions. 1 form-to the Committee on Banking and Currency. By l\1r. HUN'l': Petition of National Business League, fN'I .Also, petition of National Business League of Chicago, for legislation for commercial impro~-ement by improving consulae the conservation of the. public domain, etc.-to the Committee service-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. on the Public Lands. Also, petition of National Business League, for improvement 1 By 1\Ir. PEARREJ .: Petition of Lodge No. 453, Brotherhood of land laws of the United States-to the Committee on the ! of Railway Trainmen, indorsing Senate bill 5133, for restric­ Public Lands: I tion of hours of labor on railways-to the Committee .on Inter- By Mr. KAHN: Petition of Merchants' Association. cf San I state and Foreian Commerce. · Francisco, for bill H. R. 21671, for construction of fifteen sub- Also, petition° of Gunpowder Agricultural Club of Baltimore marine boats for coast defense-to the Committee on Naval Af-1 County, Ud., for parcels-post system-to the Co~ttee on A(ITi- fairs. · · I' cui ture. , By Mr. KENNEDY of Ohio: Paper to accompany bill for re- By l\Ir. POLLARD : Petition of board of directors of the Lin- lief of Thomas"'·· Quine--to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. coin Commercial Club, for the Wilson bill fer increase of sal- .1126 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SENATE. JANUARY 15,

aries of au· oostal clerks in first and second class offices-to the against reduction of $50,000 appropriation for Geological · Sur~ Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. vey-to the Committee on Appropriations. By Mr. RAINEY: Petition of Illinois State Teachers' Associa­ By Mr. STANLEY: Paper to accompany bill for relief of John tion, for legislation favorable to simplified spelling-to the Com­ Coombs-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. mittee on Printing. By Mr. TAYLOR of Alabama: Petition of citizens of Alabama, By Mr. R.-\.NSDELL of Louisiana: Petition of cotton raisers favol,'ing passage of bill H. R. 21400-to the Committee on Naval of Louisiana, for the Heflin antibucket-shop bill-to the Commit­ Affairs. tee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. By Mr. THOMAS of North Carolina: Paper to accompany bill By Mr. REID : Papers to accompany claim of Winfield S. for relief of heirs of Charles H. Foy-to the Committee on War Jennings for supplies taken during war-to the Committee on Claims. War Claims. · Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of estate of B. L. Rob­ By 1\Ir. REYBURN: Petition of · Philadelphia Association of inson-to the Committee on .war Claims. Union Ex-Prisoners of War, requesting that the bill drawn in By Mr. TOWNSEND: Petition of Canw Henry W. Lawton, their behalf and offered at the last session of Congress be Army of Philippines, Detroit, Mich., for House bill 18276 (badges favorably reported by the committee-to the Committee on Pen- · for service in Philippines)-to the Committee on Military Af­ sions. fairs. Also, petition of William H. Dow, against amendment in copy­ By Mr. VAN WI~~LE: Petition of Ne,w Jei·sey State Horti­ right bill relative to photographs in newspapers-to the Commit­ cultural Society, _for minimum duty on dried .and green apples tee on Patents. by German Government-to the Committee on Ways and Means. By l\Ir. ROBINSON of Arkansas: Petition of citizens of Hot Also, petition of New Jersey State Federation of Women's Springs, relative to an act conferring jurisdiction on United Clubs, for regulation of child labor in the District of Columbia­ States commission at Hot Springs, Ark.-to the .Committee on to the Committee on the Dish·ict of Columbia. the Judiciary. By 1\fr. W ADS\\ORTH : Petition of Thomas Smith et al., AI o, paper to accompany bill for relief of Mrs. Zerelda P. Niagara Falls, N. Y., against proposed amendment to copyright Allen and estates of William B. Pod and Mrs. Mollie Amanda bill-to the Committee on Patents. Phillips, Jefferson County, Ark.-to the Committee on War By l\Ir. WEEMS : Paper to accompany bill for relief of Henry Claims. W. Wilson-to the Committee on Invalid Pension . By 1\fr. RYAN: Resolution of National Business League; for By Mr. WEISSE : Petition of The Reporter, against tariff on revision of the public-land laws-to the Committee on the Pub­ linotype machines-to the Committee on Ways and Mean . lic Lands. Also, petition · of State Camp of New York, Patriotic Order Als·o, resolutions of National Business League, for consular Sons of America, fa\oring restriction of immigration (S. 4403)­ imvrovement and commercial enlargement-to the Committee to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalfzation. on Foreign Affairs. Also, petition of Wisconsin State E'ederation of Labor, against Also, resolution of Chamber of Commerce of the State of ship-subsidy bill-to tbe Committee on the Merchant Marine New York, to increase the efficiency" of the artillery of the and Fisheries. United States Army-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, petition of Pennsyl\ania State Camp, Patriotic Order By Mr. SCHNEEBELI: Petition of Adolph C. Hottenroth, Sons of America, favoi·ing restriction of "immigration (S. 4403)­ John Haffen, S. Feust, Judson G. Wall, of New York, for im­ to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. mediate currency reform-to the Committee on Banking and Also, petition of Sheboygan Association of Stationary Engi­ Currency. neers, against increased postage on trade and technical papers­ Also, petition of National Business League, of Chicago, Ill., to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. for permanent consular improvement and commercial enlarge- Also, petition of .American Pilots' Association, against bill ment-to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. · H. R. 5281 (pilotage bill)-to the Committee on the Merchant AI o, petition of National Business League, of· Chicago, Ill., Marine and.Fisheries. · for the conservation of the public domain, etc.-to the Com­ Also, petition of International Seamen's Union of America, mittee on the Public Lands. against ship-subsidy bill-to the Committee on the Merchant By Mr. SCROGGY: Paper to accompany bill for relief of l\farine and Fisheries. Mary Johnson, George W. Irwin, and Sebastian Gerhardt-to the Also, petition of National Camp, Patriotic Order Sons -.of Committee on Invalid Pensions. America, favoring restriction of immigration (S. 4403)-to the By 1\Ir. SHEPPARD: Petition of citizens of Indian Terri­ Committee on Immigration and Naturalizat~on. tory, asking improvement of upper Red Ri\er-to the Com.r.ilit­ Mr. WELBORN: Petition of citizens of Springfield, Mo., tee on Rivers and Harbors. favoring enlargement of powers of Hague peace conference-to Also, papers to accompany bill H. R. 24034 granting increase the Committee on Foreign Affairs. of pension to l\fary I. Banta-to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ By .l\fr. WOOD: Resolution of New Jersey State Federation sions. of Women's Clubs, in favor of regulating child labor in the Dis­ Also, resolution of constitutional convention of new State of trict of Columbia-to the Committee on the District of Co­ Oklahoma, asking impro,ement of upper Red Rivsr-to the lumbia. · Committee on Rivers and Harbors. By Mr. YOUNG: Petition of Michigan National Guard, 1\lon­ Also, resolution of Dennison Board of Trade and city council roe, 1\Iich., asking the reestablishment of the Army can.teen-to and citizens of Cqlbert, Ind. T., in behalf of improvement of the Committee on Military Affairs. upper Red River-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Also, petition of the Daily Advocate, of Paris, Tex., against tariff on linotype machines-to the Committee on 'Vays and SENATE. Means. By Mr. Sil\IS: Petition of the Daily Sun, Jackson, Tenn., TuEsDAY, January 15, 1907. against tariff on linotype machines-to the Committee on Ways Prayer by Rev. JOHN VAN SCHAICK, Jr., of the city of Wash­ and Means: .ington. By 1\fr. SLAYDEN: Petition of Vloodward Carriage Company, The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of yesterday's asking for settlement of claim for loss of horse in Department proceedings, when, on.request of 1\lt·. CULBERSON, and by unani­ of Agriculture-to the Committee on Claims. mous consent, the further reading was dispensed with. By l\Ir. SMITH of Maryland: Paper to accompany bill for re­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Journal stands approved. lief of Isaiah Biddle-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, petition of Tri-County Council, Junior Order United ALLOTMENT OF INDIAN LANDS. 'American Mechanics, favoring resh·iction of immigration ( S. The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communica~ 4403)-to the Committee on Immigrati(;m and Naturalization. tion from the Secretary of the Interior tran mitting a letter By Mr. SOUTHARD: Resolution of Patriotic Order Sons of from the Commissioner of Indian .Affairs relative to the peti­ America, of New York, indorsing Senate bill 4403-to the Com­ tion of John Wadsworth for the removal of restrictions upon mittee on Immigration and Naturalization. the alienation of his allotm~nt ln. the Quapaw Agency, Ind T. ; By Mr. SPERRY: Petition of citizens of Seymour, Conn., which, with the accompanying papers, was referred to the Com­ against the Lodge-Gardner bill-to the Committee on Immigra­ mittee on Indian Affairs, and ordered to be printed. tion and Naturalization. He also laid bcfoi·e the Senate a communication from the Also petition of Trades Council, New Haven, Conn., for ship­ Secretary of the Interior transmitting a letter from the Com­ subsidy bill-to the Committee on the Merchant Marine and missioner of Indian Affairs, together with the draft of proposed Fisheries. legislation in the matter of issuing a patent in fee simple to Also, petition of New England Waterworks Association, Frank Be~ver, feoria allottee No. 60, Quapaw Agency, Ind. T.;