The Description of Main Characters in Emma Donoghue’S Novel Room

THE DESCRIPTION OF MAIN CHARACTERS IN EMMA DONOGHUE’S NOVEL ROOM

A PAPER

AGUSTINA SAHARA REG. NO. 142202023

DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDY UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2017

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I am AGUSTINA SAHARA, declare that I am the sole of author of this paper.

Except where reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole on in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without due ackknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed :

Date :

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : AGUSTINA SAHARA

Title of paper : THE DESCRIPTION OF MAIN CHARACTERS IN EMMA DONOGHUE NOVEL ROOM

Qualification : D-III/Ahli Madya

Study Program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Culture

Study University of Sumatera Utara on the understanding that users are made aware of the their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed :

Date :

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT

The title of this paper is “The Description of Main Characters in Emma Donoghue’s Novel Room” discuss about the main character’s personalities which exist in the novel. The main characters have different personalities and interest to be discussed. The library research is used by reading some books that relevant to this title or as a source get some information that can support the title and also by seraching on internet. From the description, there are three main characters in the novel. They are Jack, Ma and Old Nick. Jack is an innocent boy, dilligent, stubborn, critical, has strong memory, dreamer, like to read books, smart, brave, shy and polite. Ma was described as being very maintain health, best creating the game, patient, smart, creative, resolute, person who often cranky, good at making plans, best in acting and she is very fond of Jack. Old Nick is an old man who kidnapped and locked up Ma for seven years and Jack’s biological father. Although he is Jack’s father, he doesn’t even know the age of Jack now and also doesn’t know when Jack’s birthday, but he still care about Jack. He is a rude and a deceiver man.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK

Kertas karya yang berjudul “The Description of Main Characters in Emma Donoghue’s Novel Room” in membahas tentang kepribadian tokoh utama yang terdapat di dalam novel tersebut. Tokoh-tokoh utama tersebut memiliki kepribadian yang berbeda dan menarik untuk dibahas. Dalam penyusunan kertas karya ini digunakan dengan metode penelitian kepustakaan yakni (library research) dengan membaca beberapa buku yang berhubungan dengan judul ini atau sebagai sumber untuk mendapatkan beberapa informasi yang dapat berhubungan dengan jdul ini dan juga dengan penulusuran dari internet. Dari uraian tersebut, ada tiga karakter utama dalam novel. Mereka adalah Jack, Ma dan Old Nick. Jack adalah anak yang polos, rajin, keras kepala, kritis, memiliki ingatan yang kuat, pemimpi, suka membaca buku, pintar, berani, pemalu dan sopan. Ma adalah seorang yang sangat menjaga kesehatan, terbaik dalam membuat permainan, sabar, pintar, kreatif, tegas, sering merajuk, baik dalam menyusun rencana, pandai bersandiwara dan dia sangat menyayangi Jack. Old Nick adalah pria yang menculik dan menyekap Ma selama tujuh tahun dan ayah biologis Jack. Meskipun dia adalah ayahnya Jack dia tidak tahu usia Jack saat ini dan juga tidak mengetahui kapan ulang tahun Jack, tetapi di masih peduli terhadap Jack. Dia adalah seorang yang kasar dan penipu.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim,

First of all, I would like to thank to Allah SWT, the Almighty God for blessing and leading me during all my life. Praise is to the prophet Muhammad

SAW, the leader of messangers and guiding of faithful so that I could finish this paper to fulfill one of the requirements to get the Diploma III Certificate from

English Study Program Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara.

I would like to thank to Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum. as the

Head of English Department for giving me opportunity and advice to finished this paper.

Then, I am very grateful to my supervisor Drs. Siamir Marulafau,

M.Hum. for his time, advice and guidance to correct this paper during the process of writing.

I also would to thank to Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S. as the Dean of Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara and all the staffs for their help.

The greatest thanks and appreciation dedicated to Ahmad Rifai Lubis and

Deliana, my beloved parents who always praying, supporting and advising me. I

Also would like to thank to my lovely sisters Linda Andriani Lubis, Aisah

Andrani Lubis, Hani Marlina Lubis and Nurmala Sari Lubis for your prayers and support. Big thanks to my Cabe Tri Gita Pratiwi (Ta Wiwi), Malinda

Rosalin (Ochaa) and Siti Sofiah (Sofi’ah) for your support and advice, I love

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA you girls. Thanks for my besties Diaz Febrianti Sandy and Rofifah for your support, I miss you girls. Last, I would like to thank to Heri Anggawan Lubis

(Bang Heri) and Arfie Dibyo (Bang Arfie) for your help and your advice.

This paper may be far from perfect and there are still manya shortcomings, but I have already my best for this paper. The writer will accept the suggestion from readers. I hope this paper would be useful for the readers in the future.

Medan, Juli 2017

The writer,

Agustina Sahara Reg. No : 142202023

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’SDECLARATION...... ii COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ...... iii ABSTRACT ...... iv ABSTRAK ...... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... viii

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of the Study ...... 1 1.2 Problem of the Study ...... 2 1.3 Scope of the Study ...... 3 1.4 Objective of the Study ...... 3 1.5 Method of the Study ...... 3

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERARURE 2.1 Novel ...... 4 2.2 Plot ...... 5 2.3 Theme or Idea ...... 6 2.4 Setting ...... 7 2.5 Character ...... 7

3. THE DESCRIPTION OF MAIN CHARACTERS 3.1 Jack ...... 12 3.2 Ma ...... 17 3.3 Old Nick ...... 21

4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1 Conclusion ...... 23 4.2 Suggestion ...... 25

BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 26

APPENDICES ...... 27

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study

Literature, in its broadest sense, is any single body of written works. More restrictively, it is writing considered as an art form, or any single writing deemed to have artistic or intellectual value, often due to deploying language in ways that differ from ordinary usage. Roberts and Jacobs (1993:1) says that literature refers to composition that tell stories, dramatize situations, express emotion and analyze and advocate ideas. Literature helps us grow, both personally and intellectually. It provides an objective base for knowledge and understanding. Whitla (2010:6) says that literature became a means of passing on the present age the values and the cultural system for generation to generation. Literature has four genres: 1) fiction prose, 2) poetry, 3) drama, 4) non fiction prose. The author chooses novel that belong to fiction prose.

Whitla (2010:155) says, “Novel is extended work of fiction prose, longer than a short story or a medium-length fiction, called a novelette or novella. It is written in prose and so is distinguished from a long fictional tale in verse”. It means, novel has long narrative. Novel also has more conflict and more characters than short story.

In this paper, the author will discuss about the characters in novel. Character can be defined as any person, animal, or figure represented in a literary work.

Roberts and Jacobs (1993:131) says, “In fiction, a character may be defined as a verbal representation of a human being. Through action, speech, description, and commentary, authors portray characters who are worth caring about, rooting for,

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA and loving, although there are also characters you may laugh at, dislike, or even hate.”

The novel that will be discussed by the writer is “Room” by Emma Donoghue.

This novel tells about the story of a mother and her son which locked up for seven years in a small room by an old man. The main characters are Ma (mother), Jack

(Ma’s son) and Old Nick (Old Man/Deceiver). Starting from the mother (Ma) was tricked by an older man (Old Nick) to have recourse Ma rescue his dog inside a small room. Ma was trying to save the dog, but no dog in the room. It turned out that the old man had made a fool of Ma and Ma is trapped in the small room. Ma tried to get out of the room in various ways butdoesn’t succeed. The room uses automatic doors and only Old Nick who know the code. During her stay in the room, she had been sexually abused until Ma pregnant and gave birth to a boy.

The child is Jack.

Room was published in 2010. This novel is the no.1 best seller and has filmed.

This novel is not based on a true story, but the author was inspired by a similar incident that happened in Austria.

The writer chooses this topic because the writer is interested in discussing about the main characters in the novel which have the diffrences.

1.2 Problem of the Study

The problem of study is : How are the description of the main characters in

Emma Donoghue’s novel Room portrayed?

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1.3 Scope of the Study

The writer only discusses about personalities of three main characters (Jack,

Ma and Old Nick) based on the whole story in Emma Donoghue’s novel.

1.4 Objective of the Study

The aim of the study is to make the readers know who are the main characters in Emma Donoghue’s novel Room and know their personalities.

1.5 Method of the Study

There are several methods that can be used, namely the experimental method, field research or library method. The writer uses the work of the library method, because the data to be written to the completion of paper taken from written material. The writer also collected data from reading the book and search information from the internet.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Novel

Novel is a long narrative, normally in prose, which describes fictional characters and events, usually in the form of a sequantial story. Whitla (2010:155) says, “Novel is extended work of prose fiction, longer than a short story or a medium-length fiction, called a novelette or novella. It is written in prose and so is distinguished from a long fictional tale in verse”. Stanton (2007:90) says that because of its lenght, the novel can not inherit the solid unity that belongs short stories. Also novel are not able to make the subject stand out like a microcosmic principle of short stories. On the contrary, the novel is able to present the development of the characters, complex social situation and relationships involving many or fewer characters.

As a people, novel is educating us. Watson (1979:4) says that novels can inform on some surprising subjects. A novel is way learning about how things were or are-cognitive instrument; and those who distrust stories as evidence should consider how often conversation we use them to make a points or answer question.

Novel has two elements. They are, Extrinsic elements and Intrinsic elements.

In general, the extrinsic of literature was about the things that can’t really be found inside the story itself. It was not the material but the facts and information that supports and surrounds the story, such as author’s life, historical background, cultural background and social background. Intrinsic element in novel are inside

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA the story itself. It could tell about plot, theme or idea, setting, point of view, style and tone also character.

2.2 Plot

Roberts and Jacobs (1993:88) says, “Stories are made up mostly of actions or incidents that follow each other sequentially. Finding a sequantial or narrative order, however, is only the first step toward the more important consideration−the plot, or the controls governing the development of actions”. Plot refers to the sequence of events inside a story which affect other events through the principle of cause and effect. Plot is usually limited to events causal connected. Causal event is an event that causes or could result from a variety of other events and can not be ignored because it will affect the overall work. The causal events of a plot can be thought of as a series of sentences linked by “and so”.

The controlling impulse in a connected pattern of causes and affects is conflict, which refers generally to people or circumstances that a character (often the protagonist) must face and try to overcome (often the antagonist). Conflict brings out the extremes of human energy, causing characters to engage in the decisions, actions, responses, and interactions that make up most stories. In its most elemental form, a conflict is the opposition of two people. Their conflict may take the shape of envy, hatred, anger, argument, avoidance, gossip, lies, fighting, and many forms and actions. Conflict may also exist between groups, although conflicts between individuals are more identifiable and therefore more suitable for stories. Conflicts may also be abstract, such as when an individual

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA oppses larger forces like natural objects, ideas, modes of behavior, public opinion, and the like. A difficult or even impossible choice−a dilemma−is natural conflict for an individual person. A conflict may also be brought out in ideas and opinions that may clash. In short, conflict shows itself in many ways.

2.3 Theme or Idea

In contemporary literary studies, a theme is the central topic a text treats.

Roberts and Jacobs (1993:361) says that idea refers to the result or results of general and abstract thinking. In literary study the consideration of ideas relates to meaning, interpretation, explanation, and siginificance. Though ideas are usually extensive and complex separate ideas may be named by a single word, such as justice, right, good, love, piety, causation, and, not unsurprisingly, idea itself.

The most common contemporary understanding of theme is an idea or point that is central to a story, which can often be summed in a single word (e.g. love, death, betrayal). Typical examples of themes of this type are conflict between the individual and society; coming of age; humans in conflict with technology; nostalgia; and the dangers of unhecked ambition.

Themes can be divided into two catageroies: a work’s thematic concept is what readers “think the work is bout” and its thematic statement being “what the works says about the subject”.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.4 Setting

In works of narrative (especially fictional), the setting includes both the time and geographic location in which the story takes place. Whitla (2010:160) says that setting means the location of a narrative in time and space – in history or the particularities of place.

Elements of setting may include culture, historical period, geography, and hour. Roberts and Jacobs (1993:230) says, “Setting is the natural, manufactured, political, cultural, and temporal environment, including everything that characters know and own. Characters may be either helped or hurt by their surroundings, and they may fight about possessions and goals. Further, as characters speak with each other, they reveal the degree to which they share the customs and ideas of their times”.

Setting helps initiate the main backdrop and mood for a story. Setting is important element in a narrative and in some works, the setting becomes a character itself.

2.5 Character

A character is a person or other being in a narrative work of art. Character can be defined as any person, animal, or figure represented in a literary work. Roberts and Jacobs (1993:131) says, “In fiction, a character may be defined as a verbal representation of a human being. Through action, speech, description, and commentary, authors portray characters who are worth caring about, rooting for,

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA and loving, although there are also characters you may laugh at, dislike, or even hate”.

There are many types of characters that exist in literature, each with its own development and fiction. Character development refers to how developed and complex a character is. Some characters start out as highly developed. For example, if we know something about how a character walks and talks, what she thinks, who she associates with, and what kind of secrets she has she is naturally more complex and developed. Other characters develop over the course of a story, starting out one way and ending up different, becoming changed by what happens to them.

The general purpose of characters is to extend the plot. Many stories employ multiple types of characters. Every story must have main character. These are the characters that will have the greatest effect in the plot or are the most effected by what happens in the story.

In Roberts and Jacobs’ book Literature : An Introduction to Reading and

Writing, there are two types of character, they are:

Round Character. The basic trait of round characters is that they recognize, change with, or adjust to circumstances. The round character−usually the main figure in a story−profits from experience and undergoes a change or alteration, which may be shown in (1) an action or actions, (2) the realization of new strenght and therefore the affirmation of previous decisions, (3) the acceptance of a new condition, or (4) the discovery of unrecognized truths.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Because round they usually play a major role in a story, round characters are often called the hero or heroine. Many main characters are anything but heroic, however, and it is therefore preferable to use the moral neutral word protagonist.

The protagonist is central to the action, moves againts an antagonist, and exhibits the ability to adapt to new circumstances. To the degree that round characters are both individual and sometimes unpredictable, and because they undergo change or growth, they are dynamic.

Flat Character. In contrast, flat characters do not grow. They remain the same because they may be stupid or insensitive or lacking in knowledge or insight. They end where they begin and are static, not dynamic. But flat characters are not therefore worthless, for they usually highlight the development of the round characters. Usually, flat characters are minor (e.g., relatives, acquaintances, functionaries), although not all minor characters are necessary flat.

Sometimes flat characters are prominent in certain types of literature, such as cowboy, police, and detective stories, where the focus is less on character that on performance. Such characters might be lively and engaging, even though they do not develop or change. They must be strong, tought, and clever enough to perform recurring tasks like solving a crime, overcoming villain, or finding a treasure. The term stock character refers to character in these repeating situations. To the degree that stock characters have many common traits, they are representative of their class, or group.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Stock characters stay flat as long as they merely perform their roles and exhibit conventional and unindividualtraits. When they posses no attitudes except those of their class, they are labeled stereotype, because they all seen to be cast from same mold or printing matrix.

Stanton (2007:146) says that you can observe the characteristics of a character, its developments, its attitudes toward other character, or the affects of those attitudes on them (as opposed).

According to Roberts and Jacobs, there are five ways used author to present their characters, they are:

1. Actions. What characters do is best way to understand what they are. As with ordinary human beings, fictional characters do not necessarily understand how they may be changing or why they do the things they do. Nevertheless, their actions express their characters. Actions may also signal qualities such as naiveté, weakness, deceit, a scheming personality, strong inner conflicts, or a realization or growth of some sort.

2. Description, both personal and environmental. Appearance and environment reveal much about a character’s social and economic status, of course but they also tell us more about character traits.

3. Dramatic statements and thoughts. Although the speeches of most characters are functional−essential to keep the story moving along−they provide material from which you can draw conclusions. Often, characters use speech to hide their motives, though we as readers should see through such a ploy.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4. Statements by other characters. By studying what characters say about each other, we can enhance your understanding of the character being discussed.

Ironically, the characters doing the talking often indicate something other than what they intend perhaps because of prejudice, stupidity, or foolishness.

5. Statements by the author speaking as storyteller or observer. What the author, speaking with the authorial voice, says about a character is usually accurate, and the author voice can be accepted factually. However, when the author voice interprets actions and characteristics, the author himself or herself assumes the role of a reader or critic, and any opinions may be questioned. For this reason, authors frequently avoid interpretations and devote their skill to arranging events and speeches so that readers may draw their own conclusion.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3. THE DESCRIPTION OF MAIN CHARACTERS

3.1 Jack

Jack is one of the main characters and protagonist of the novel. This time, he is five years old.It can be seen in the following text,

“Today I’m five. I was four last night going to sleep in Wardrobe, but when I wake up in Bed in the dark I’m changed to five, abracadabra. Before that I was three, then two, then one, them zero.” (Emma 2010:3) Since he was born, he lived with Ma in a small room and never get out of there. In the room, he just sees everything through the TV. It can be seen in the following dialogue,

“For my third turn I do “Can’t Get You Out of My Head,” Ma has no idea. “You’ve chosen such a tricky one.....Did you hear it on TV?” (Emma 2010:7) He is an innocent boy. Ignorance of a thing, make him imagination to something that happened to him based on what he sees on TV. It can be seen in the following statement,

“I cried so my eyes nearly melted off. Also an other time there was a thing in the night nnnnng nnnnng nnnnngbitting me and Ma banged him againts Door Wall below Shelf, he was a mosquito. The mark is still there on the cork even though she scubbed, it wasmy blood the mosquito was stealing, like a tiny vampire. That’s the only time my blood ever came out of me.” (Emma 2010:10) He even mention the Gear Box belonging to Old Nick as a Magic

Converter Box. It can be seen in the following statement,

“One day when I was four TV died and I cried, but in the night Old Nick brung a magic converter box to make TV back to life.” (Emma 2010:12)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Jack is a diligent boy. He always helped Ma, such as helping Ma while cooking and washing dishes. As written below,

“I chop the broccoli into pieces with Zigzag Knife.” (Emma 2010:24) However, Jack is also a stubborn child. He did not want to eat the birthday cake made Ma because no candles on the cake. Ma does not have a stock of candles. Jack angrily and snapped Ma. It can be seen in the following dialogue,

“I don’t want this cake.” I hate it when Ma waits all quiet. “Stinky cake.” Jack said. “Calm down , Jack.” Ma said. “You should have asked for candles for Sundaytreat.” Jack said. “Well, last week we needed painkillers.” Ma said. “I didn’t need any, just you,” I shout.” (Emma 2010:28) Jack is a critical child. He often asked what he did not know and asked Ma to explain it until he understands. It can be seen in the following dialogue,

“It’s the spring equinox,” says Ma, I remember it said on TV, the morning you were born. There was still snow that year too.” Ma said. “What’s equinox?” Jack said. “It means equal, when there’s the same amount of dark and light.” Ma said.” (Emma 2010:30) He once asked Ma about things he did not know though after knowing he was confused. Then, when Ma mentioning the word “Sainst” and Jack did not know what the Saints. It can be seen in the following dialogue,

“I think they’re actually angels,” says Ma. “Huh?” Jack said. “Or no, sorry, saints.” Ma said. “What are saints?” Jack said. “ Extra- holy people. Like angels with now wings.” M a said. “I’m confused. How come they fly off the wall, then?” Jack said. “No, that’s the dickey birds, they can fly all right. I just mean they’re named after Saint Peter and Saint Paul, two of Baby Jesus’ friends.” M a said.” (Emma 2010:35)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Jack has a strong memory. He can remember clearly from what he has read about in books or he seen on TV. One day, he was watching a TV show about the wildlife planet with Ma. He saw turtles burying the eggs in sand and was immediately reminded him of one of the existing sections in the book of

Alice in Wonderland story that tells about pigeon eggs. As written below,

“At TV time she chooses the wildlife planet, there’s turtles burying their eggs in sand. When Alice gets long with eating the mushroom, the pigeon’s mad because she thinks Alice is a nasty serpent trying to eat her pigeon eggs.” (Emma 2010:42) Jack is a dreamer. He had a dream to be able to go into space as he had seen on TV. As written below,

“If I had my head out of Wardrobe, there’d be Door opening, I bet I could see right into the stars and spaceships and the planets and the aliens zooming around in UFOs. I wish I wish I wish I could see it.” (Emma 2010:59) Jack likes to read books. He has a lot of books and he read all the books.

He read the book when Ma was Gone with him or when Ma was busy. His favorite book is Dylan the Digger As written below,

“I’d rather she was Gone for the day than all not-Ma like this. I get all my books down from Shelf and read them, Pop-Up Airportand Nursery Rhymes and Dylan the Digger who’s my favorite and The Runaway Bunny but I stop halfway and save that for Ma, I read some Alice instead, I skip the scary Duchess.” (Emma 2010:129- 130) He is a smart child. When Ma is contemplating a plan to trick Old Nick and out of the room, Jack has an idea to poison Old Nick. It can be seen in the following statement,

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA “Oh, Ma! We could . . . wait till Old Nick comes one night and you could say, ‘Oh, look at this yummy cake we made, have a big slice of our yummy Easter cake,’ and actually it would be poison.” (Emma 2010:131) Intelligence of Jack also made Ma was rescued by police. He successfully led the police to know the whereabouts of the room. It can be seen in the following dialogue,

“No, Alice. She’s always wanting to get into the garden, like us.” Jack said. “You wanted to get into the garden too?” Officer Oh said. “It’s a backyard, but we don’t know the secret code.” Jack said. “This room’s right by the backyard?” She asks. I shake my head.” (Emma 2010:190) Jack is a brave child. Jack has saved Ma with the courage to run for Ma’s plan to trick the Old Nick. He also won praise from Captain due to his courage.

As written below,

“And you, sir, I understand you’ve been a remarkably courageous young man.” (Emma 2010:198) He is a shy boy. He was shy when meeting new people who greeted him.

It happened because before Jack had never met with anyone other than Ma and

Old Nick. No exception when he met his Grandma. He was shy and hiding in back of the chair when his Grandma came to him. It can be seen in the following text,

“The woman opens her arms like she’s going to wave them but she doesn’t. She walks over at me. I get behind the chair.” (Emma 2010:233) Jack is a polite child. Ma taught him about manners such as being polite to others. Jack always remember it. When Jack wanted to ask for more pancakes, he

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA recalled the manners taught by Ma to not make others mad then he should say words that are polite. As written below,

“We have breakfast in the dining room that’s for eating just, persons in the world like to go in different rooms for each thing. I remember manners, that’s when persons are scared to make other persons mad. I say, “Please, may you heve me more pancakes?” (Emma 2010:239)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3.2 Ma Ma is the protagonist of the novel. She is Jack’s mother. In the novel, she was described as being very maintain health especially the health of Jack. She always kept Jack in order to avoid various diseases. When Jack will get surprise on his birthday at breakfast, Ma first remind Jack to did not nibble his finger because germs could sneak in the hole. It can be seen in the following dialogue,

“Tell me, Mr. Five, would you like your present now or after breakfast?” Ma said. “What is it, what is it?” Jack said. “I know you’re excited,” she says, “but remember not to nibble your finger, germs could sneak in the hole.” Ma said. “To sick me like when I was three with throw-up and diarrhea?” Jack said. “Even worse than that,” says Ma, “germs could make you die.” Ma said.” (Emma 2010:4) Ma best in creating the game. While they are cooking, Ma took Jack to play the Orchestra. They play music with goods that are there such as table, pillow, spoon and fork to produce sound. It makes them more fun and not boring.

It can be seen in the following text,

“I’m a bit jiggly so Ma says let’s play Orchestra, where we run around seeing what noises we can bang out of things. I drum on Table and Ma goes knock knock on the legs of Bed, the floomf flommf on the pillows, I use a fork and spoon on Door ding ding and out toes go bam on Stove, but my favorite is stomping on the pedal of Trash because that pops his lid open with a bing. (Emma 2010:20) Ma is a patient woman. When Jack was angry at her for not putting the candles on a Jack’s birthday cake, she patiently explained to Jack that they have no candles and they can not require it to Old Nick. They can only ask for what they really need and easy to obtain. Ma went on to explain to Jack and made him

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA be able to understand it. Ma remained patient despite Jack shouted at her. It can be seen in the following dialogue,

“I don’t want this cake.” I hate when Ma waits all quiet. “Stinky cake.” Jack said. “Calm down, Jack.” Ma said. “You should have asked for candles for Sundaytreat.” Jack said. “Well, last week we needed painkillers.” Ma said. “I didn’t need any, just you,” I shout. Jack said. Ma looks at me like I have a new face she’s never seen. Then, she says, “Anyway, remember, we have to choose things he can easily.” Ma said.” (Emma 2010:28) Ma is a smart woman. She was always able to answer Jack’s questions.

One of them, when Jack asks what it is the equinox, Ma easily answered it. It can be seen in the following dialogue,

“What’s equinox?” Jack said. “It means equal, when there’s the same amount of dark and light.” Ma said.” (Emma 2010:30) She is creative. Ma and Jack loved to play Catch. Then, Ma invited Jack to play Catch, but Jack reminds Ma that beach ball that they use hve exploded since

Jack kicked it againts Cabinet super fast. But, Ma made the new ball from the grocery bag. They make it together and draw it. It can be seen in the following text,

“But Ma says we can make one, we scrunch up all the pages I’ve been practicing my writing on and fill a grocery bag and squeeze it till it’s kind of ball shape, then we draw a scary face on it with three ayes.” (Emma 2010:37) She is a resolute woman. When jack was wacthing TV, Ma asked him tp turn of the TV because she thinks the show is not good. However, Jack asked foe more time to keep turning on the TV but Ma rejected. As written below,

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA “No, she’s just an idiot. Let’s swicth the TV off now.” Ma said. “Five more minutes?” Jack asked. She shakes her head.” (Emma 2010:53) She is person who often cranky. But, usually she’s never gone more than one day. One day she is gone. She won’t up properly. She stayed in bed with the pillows on her head. When she was angry to Jack, she would not say anything and do anything. It can be seen in the following statement,

“Ma gets up to pee but no talking, with her face all blank. I already put a glass of water beside Bed but she just gets back under Duvet.” (Emma 2010:75) Ma good at making plans. At that time, Ma was thinking how to get out of the room. Ma tried to trick Old Nick. Ma made plans with involvement of Jack.

Ma plans to make Jack pretended to be sick so that Old Nick take Jack to the hospital and that’s where Jack asked for help to rescue Ma. As written below,

“Like the dog that wasn’t?” Jack said. “Exactly. When he comes in−I could tell him you’re really sick.” Ma said. “What kind of sick?” Jack said. “Maybe a really, really bad cold.” Ma said.” (Emma 2010:132) Ma best in acting. After the first plan failed, she made a second plan that makes Jack pretended to be dead to trick Old Nick. When Old Nick comes, Ma pretend crying for Jack who was died. She kept crying and blaming Old Nick for the death of Jack. The plan worked. Ma’s acting had fooled Old Nick. It can be seen in the following dialogue,

“Is he in the rug? Are you crazy, wrapping a sick kid up like that?” Old Nick said. “You didn’t come back,” Ma says and her voice is really weird. “He got worse in the night and this morning he wouldn’t wake up.” Ma said. Nothing. Then Old Nick makes a funny sound. “Are you sure?” Old Nick said. “Am I sure?” Ma shrieks it, but I don’t move, I don’t move, I’m all stiff no hearing

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA no seeing no nothing. “Ah, no.” I hear his breath all along. “That’s just terrible. You poor girl, you−” Old Nick said. “Guess it must have been something really serious,” says Old Nick, “the pills wouldn’t have worked anyway.” Old Nick said. “You killed him.” Ma’s howling. “Come on now, calm down.” Old Nick said. “How can I calm down when Jack’s−” She’s breathing strange, her words come out like gulping. She’s pretending so really I nearly believe it. “Let me.” His voice is very near, I go tight and stiff stiff stiff. “Don’t touch him.” Ma said. “OK, OK.” Then Old Nick says, “You can’t keep him here.” Old Nick said. “My baby!” Ma said. “I know, it’s terrible thing. But I’ve got to take him away now.” Old Nick said.” (Emma 2010:169) Ma is very fond of Jack and can not get away from Jack. When Dr. Clay asked permission to treat Jack, Ma rejected it even she is angry because she thinks

Jack doesn’t need to be treated he just needs sleep. Ma also refused it because she could not get away from Jack. As written below,

“Jack doesn’t need treatment, he needs some sleep.” Ma’s talking through her teeth. “He’s never been out of my sight and nothing happened to him, nothing like what you’re insinuating.” (Emma 2010:207)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3.3 Old Nick Old Nick is the antagonist of the novel. He was an old man who kidnapped and locked up Ma for seven years. He is the biological father of Jack. Jack called him Old Nick because he always came at night. Jack saw in the cartoon, a guy that comes in the night called Old Nick. As written below,

“Nothing makes Ma scared. Except Old Nick maybe. Mostly she calls him just him, I didn’t even know the name for him till I saw a cartoon about a guy that comes in the night called Old Nick. I call the real one that because he comes in the night, but he doesn’t look like the TV guy with a beard and horns and stuff. (Emma 2010:14) Although he is Jack’s father, he doesn’t even know the age of Jack now.

He also doesn’t know when Jack’s birthday. When he came in the night, he saw

Jack’s birthday cake and he asked Ma how old Jack now. As written below,

“Look tasty.” Old Nick’s voice is extra deep. “Oh, it’s just the last birthday cake,” says Ma. “Should have reminded me, I could have brought him something. What’s he now, four?” (Emma 2010:45) But he still care about Jack. Though late, Old Nick give a birthday gift for him. He bought a Jeep car with remote control for Jack. It can be seen in the following text,

“I jump up and grab. “It’s a jeep. A remote-control jeep!” I’m zooming it in the air, it’s red, as big as my hand. The remote is silver and a rectangle, when I wiggle one of the switches with my thumb the jeep’s wheels spin zhhhhhung. “It’s a late birthday present.” I know who brung it, it’s Old Nick but she won’t say.” (Emma 2010:54) He is a rude man. It can be seen when Jack came out of wardrobe and see

Old Nick in bed. Old Nick woke up and said “Hey, sonny” to Jack. Ma woke up

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA and shouted to Old Nick to stay away from Jack but Old Nick responded with harsh words. As written below,

“Then Ma is louder than I ever heard her even doing scream. “Get away, get away from him!” I race back to wardrobe, I bang my head, arghhhhh, she keeps screeching, “Get away from him.” “Shut up,” Old Nick is saying, “shut up.” He calls her words I can’t hear through the screaming. The her voice gets blurry. “Stop that noice,” he’s saying.” (Emma 2010:92) He is a deceiver. He lied and tricked Ma in order to take her with him. He uses the dog as an excuse to trick Ma. I can be seen in the following dialogue,

“Anyway−this man ran up asking for help, his dog was having a fit and he thought it might be dying.” Ma said. “What’s he called?” Jack said. “Tha man?” Ma asked. I shake my head. “The dog.” Jack said. “No, the dog was just a trick to get me into his pickup truck, Old Nick’s tuck.” Ma said.” (Emma 2010:116-117)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1 Conclusion Novel is long narrative. Novel has more conflict and more characters than short story. Each novel must have a plot, setting, theme and the most important is the character because if there are no characters in the novel, story won’t run.

A character is a person or other being in a narrative work of art. Character can be defined as any person, animal, or figure represented in a literary work.

From the discussion in the previous chapter, the writer would like to conclude the description of main characters in the novel. In the novel there are three main characters, they are, Jack, Ma and Old Nick. The main characters of the novel have the differences.

1. Jack

He is the protagonist of the novel and he is five years old. Since he was born, he lived with Ma in a small room and never gets out of there and he just sees everything through the TV. He is an innocent boy. He also a diligent boy but he is stubborn child. Jack is critical child. Jack has a strong memory. He is dreamer. He likes to read books. He is a smart and brave child. He is shy and polite child.

2. Ma

Ma is the protagonist of the novel. She is Jack’s mother. She was described as being very maintain health. She is best in creating the game. She is patient woman. She also smart and creative woman. She is resolute but she is person who often cranky. She good at making plans. She also best in acting. She is very fond of Jack.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3. Old Nick

He is the antagonist of the novel. He was an old man who kidnapped and locked up Ma for seven years. He is the biological father of Jack. Although he is

Jack’s father, he doesn’t even know the age of Jack now. He also doesn’t know when Jack’s birthday. But he still care about Jack. Though late, Old Nick give a birthday gift for him. He is a rude man. He is a deceiver.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4.2 Suggestion Having read the novel from the very beginning up to the end, the writer of this paper work comes to give a suggestion that this novel is very good to read, and by reading this novel, the reader can improve their literary knowledge and skill in literature.

The writer also suggests that the reader had better read this novel because this novel portrays about the love and teaches us that the love is really having no boundaries.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA BIBLIOGRAPHY

Donoghue, Emma. 2010. Room. London: Picador

Moh, Nazir. 2003. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.

Roberts, V Edgar and Henry E. Jacobs. 1995. Literature : An Introduction to Reading and Writing . New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Sembiring, Matius C.A. 2014. Buku Pedoman Program Study D-3 Studi Bahasa Inggris. Medan: Unpublished.

Sembiring, Matius C.A. 2014. Kompilasi Bahan Kuliah. Medan: Sumatera Utara University, Faculty of Culture Study.

Stanton, Robert. 2007. Teori Fiksi. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar (Terjemahan Sugi Hastuti, Rossi Abi Al Irsyad)

Surachman, Winarno.1982. Pengantar Peneltian Ilmiah. Bandung. Tarsito.

Suryabrata, Sumadi.2002. Metodologi Penelitian. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.

Suryabrata. 1984. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: Angkasa.

Watson, George. 1979. The Story of the Novel. London: The Macmillan Press Ltd.

Whitla, William. 2010. The English Handbook: A Guide to Literary Studies. Chicester: Wiley-Blackwell.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA APPENDICES

a. Biography of Emma Donoghue

Emma Donoghue (born 24 October 1969) is an Irish-

Canadian playwright,literary historian, novelist, and screenwriter. Her 2010 novel Room was a finalist for the Man Booker Prizeand an international best- seller. Donoghue's 1995 novel Hood won the Stonewall Book Award and Slammerkin (2000) won the Ferro-Grumley Award for Lesbian Fiction.

Room was adapted into a film of the same name, for which Donoghue wrote the screenplay which was subsequently nominated for the Academy Award for Best

Adapted Screenplay.

Donoghue was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1969.The youngest of eight children, she is the daughter of Frances (née Rutledge) and academic and literary critic Denis Donoghue. She has a first-class honours Bachelor of Arts degree

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA from University College Dublin (in English and French) and a PhD in English from Girton College, Cambridge. While at Cambridge she lived in a women's co- op, an experience which inspired her short story The Welcome.Her thesis was on friendship between men and women in 18th century fiction.

At Cambridge, she met her future life partner Christine Roulston, a Canadian who is now professor of French and Women's Studies at the University of

Western Ontario. They moved permanently to Canada in 1998 and Donoghue became a Canadian citizen in 2004. She lives in London, Ontario with Roulston and their two children, Finn and Una.

Donoghue's first novel was 1994's Stir Fry, a contemporary coming of age novel about a young Irish woman discovering her sexuality. It was a finalist for the Lambda Literary Award in 1994. This was followed in 1995 by Hood, another contemporary story, this time about an Irish woman coming to terms with the death of her girlfriend. Hood won the 1997 American Library Association's Gay,

Lesbian and Bisexual Book Award for Literature (now known as the Stonewall

Book Award for Literature).

Slammerkin (2000) is a historical novel set in London and Wales. Inspired by an 18th-century newspaper story about a young servant who killed her employer and was executed, the protagonist is a prostitute who longs for fine clothes.It was a finalist in the 2001 Irish Times Irish Literature Prize for Fiction and was awarded the 2002 Ferro-Grumley Award for Lesbian Fiction (despite a lack of lesbian content). Her 2007 novel, Landing, portrays a long-distance relationship between a Canadian curator and an Irish flight attendant.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The Sealed Letter (2008), another work of historical fiction, is based on the

Codrington Affair, a scandalous divorce case that gripped Britain in 1864. The protagonist is Emily Faithfull. The Sealed Letter was longlisted for the Giller

Prize, and was joint winner, with Chandra Mayor's All the Pretty Girls, of the 2009 Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Fiction.

On 27 July 2010, Donoghue's novel Room was longlisted for the Man Booker

Prize and on 7 September 2010 it made the shortlist. On 2 November 2010, it was announced that Room had been awarded the Rogers Writers' Trust Fiction Prize.

Room was also shortlisted for the 2010 Governor General's Awards in Canada,and was the winner of the Irish Book Award 2010. It was short-listed for the Orange

Prize for Fiction 2011, but lost out to Tea Obreht. She later wrote the screenplay for a film version of the book, Room (2015), for which she was nominated for an

Academy Award, Golden Globe and Bafta Award.

Her novel Frog Music, a historical fiction based on the true story of a murdered 19th century cross-dressing frog catcher, was published in 2014.

Her novel The Wonder, published in 2016, was shortlisted for the Scotiabank

Giller Prize.

b. Summary of the Novel

This novel tells about the story of a mother and her son were locked up for seven years in a small room by an older man. Starting from the mother (Ma) is trapped by an old man (Old Nick) to have recourse Ma to rescue his dog inside a small room. Ma was trying to save the dog, but no dog in the room. It turned out that the old man had made a fool Ma and Ma trapped in the small room. Ma tried

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA to get out of the room in various ways but to no avail. The room uses automatic doors and only Old Nick who know the code. During she stay in the room, she had been sexually abused until Ma pregnant and gave birth to a boy. The child is

Jack.

Ma’s life changed since Jack’s presence. Jack makes Ma have become more enthusiastic and more enjoyable. Ma loves Jack. Ma raise Jack with affection until one day Jack is five. Over the years that Jack and Ma financed by Old Nick. Old

Nick comes every night and will bring the needed of Jack and Ma for each

Sunday.

Actually, Jack is a smart child, but because Jack was raised only in a small room making Jack does not know the real world and make him unable to distinguish which ones are real and not due because Jack only saw everything from TV. Jack felt good to be in the room with Ma. Jack spent his day are well and cheerful. Jack always happy although only in a small room during Ma remained with him. Jack never thought to get out of the room. Jack is unaware that Old Nick kidnapped Ma when she was nineteen years old and has kept her imprisoned for the past seven years.

One day, Ma tried to explain Jack what actually happened. Ma tell who she was and how Old Nick tricked her until she was locked in the room for years.

Jack was confused, but Ma continues to try to explain Jack. A few days later, Ma had the idea to trick Old Nick to get out of the room. Ma asked Jack to help her.

Ma asked him to pretend illness, so Old Nick took him to the hospital and told

Jack to ask for help to the police and rescue Ma. Ma continued to teach Jack each

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA stage should be done. At night when Old Nick comes, Ma told Old Nick that Jack was sick and had to be taken to hospital. However, Old Nick didn’t want to take

Jack to the hospital. He just wanted to bring the medicine for Jack. When Old

Nick refuses to take Jack to the hospital, Ma pretends that Jack has dead. This plan works and make Old Nick broughtJack out of the room. Previous, Ma has taught Jack what he should do. Jack did it and Ma can be saved.

After that, Ma and Jack start a new life. However, the changes occur between Ma and Jack. They become more not as close as they are still in the room. Jack began to miss the days were in the room together with Ma. Until one day, Ma did an interview for a TV show where she got a question that makes her suffers a mental breakdown. Ma also suffered drug overdose and make her have to be hospitalized. Jack missed Ma.

After recovering, Ma immediately met Jack and hugged him. Ma decided to buy a house for her and Jack and restart a new life. For the last time, Jack went back to visit the room where he lived for five years and say goodbye to all the objects there.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA