Winter 2018

MĀORI HERITAGE

Welcoming in the Māori New Year Heritage Pouhere Taonga staff are looking forward to welcoming in Matariki, which begins on 15 June this year.

The shadow of a tewhatewha (fighting staff) over part of the symbolic restoration of Rangiriri Pā in . In one tradition, Matariki is the mother surrounded by her six daughters, Tupu-a-nuku, Tupu-a-rangi, Waitī, Waitā, Waipuna-a-rangi and Ururangi. (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND)

MATARIKI IS THE Māori name for the cluster According to Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of Traditionally, Matariki reflected on the cycles of of stars known as the Pleiades. For many Māori, New Zealand, Matariki celebrations were life and death, remembering those who had when it rises in mid-winter it signals the beginning revived in 2000 after having stopped at died in the past year and also celebrating food of a new year. Matariki translates to the ‘eyes of some time in the 1940s. Today recognition that had been collected. Singing, dancing and god’ (mata ariki) or ‘little eyes’ (mata riki). Tradition of Matariki and its meaning has grown in feasting were part of Matariki, as they are today. has it that when Ranginui, the sky father, and popularity and observance, and is seen Today, Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Papatūānuku, the earth mother, were separated as a New Zealand form of thanksgiving. A celebrates Matariki – and all that Māori custom by their children, it angered Tāwhirimātea, the god particular feature of Matariki celebrations and tradition encompasses – in the visionary of the winds, so much that he ripped out his eyes is the flying of kites, with Māori custom and threw them to the heavens. believing they flutter close to the stars. CONTINUED OVER >

heritage.org.nz 1 Contents

1 MĀORI HERITAGE 12 CENTRAL REGION Welcoming in the Māori New Year New organisation going strong in Wairarapa 2 CONTENTS 13 CENTRAL REGION 3 EDITORIAL Greater heritage protection Heritage New Zealand Chief sought Executive Andrew Coleman 14/15 NORTHERN REGION A full perspective of part of the symbolic • 4/5 FEATURE INTERVIEW New future for Kopu Bridge Rangiriri Pā. (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND) Learning on the job each day 16 CENTRAL REGION 6/7 SOUTHERN REGION Society formed to oversee guiding document Tapuwae that has been Hurunui Hotel on mend thanks to Wellington goldfields prepared by the Māori Heritage Council. grant funding Tapuwae contributes to New Zealand’s 17 SOUTHERN REGION developing sense of nationhood that takes 8 SOUTHERN REGION Māori rock art a national treasure pride in its indigenous heritage and associated French connection to Timeball value systems. tower 18 NORTHERN REGION “Māori heritage and history is infused with mana Cook’s tour on the R. Tucker and spirituality that go through generations, 9 CENTRAL REGION Thompson living on through the relationships of people Rangitīkei homestead changes and places,” says Heritage New Zealand Pouhere ownership after 133 years 19 NATIONAL FOCUS Taonga kaihautū, Te Kenehi Teira. Trivia time, heritage style 10/11 NORTHERN REGION “Matariki is an integral, symbolic part of the meaning of tapuwae, which translates to Whāngārei’s archaeological gem 20 SOUTHERN REGION sacred footprint. It is part of New Zealand’s captures imagination of students Virtual tour takes in unique identity.” Christchurch’s hotel archaeology In this new year Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga staff will continue to work with iwi, hapū and whānau to assist them in maintaining and conserving their heritage CORRECTION: places, including built heritage sites and rock In the Autumn 2018 issue we had an incorrect caption in an article on the Akaroa art. This is being achieved through workshop Museum. Our apologies to curator Daniel Smith. training, specialist projects and programme CONTRIBUTORS: advice delivered on marae to assist Māori Jamie Douglas, John O’Hare, David Watt and Rosemary Baird communities as kaitiaki of their heritage. Tapuwae is available to download at heritage.org.nz/resources/tapuwae, and there is a one-page information sheet summarising Members of Heritage New Zealand can visit its the key points in Tapuwae available at properties for free, visit www.heritage.org.nz. our offices in Kerikeri, , Tauranga, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin. n

2 heritage.org.nz EDITORIAL

Persevering through ANDREW COLEMAN the challenging times

THE BEST HERITAGE outcomes take THE FOCUS ON BEATING The beloved local bridge is a rare surviving patience, perseverance and an absolute THE CHALLENGES HAS single swing bridge, significant at the time of commitment. I often remind myself of the its construction in the 1920s for opening up wise counsel from Nelson Mandela when he TO BE ON THE PEOPLE, the and Thames to increasing proffered, “It always seems impossible until it's EITHER AS INDIVIDUALS road transport and therefore economic done”. The heritage end game is sometimes OR AS PART OF A GROUP development. It is wonderful to see the very difficult and seemingly impossible to OR ORGANISATION. bridge given to the local community who visualise. Pleasingly there are many examples have fought so hard to retain it. NOT ONE OF THE where great heritage things can happen; they Dating back to 1874, ‘Westoe’ in Marton has are the ones where it ‘got done’, where it was EXAMPLES WOULD HAVE had only two owners and it has been because completed and where the vision of heritage PROGRESSED IF IT WAS of their dedication and commitment that was realised. NOT FOR THE PEOPLE. this Category 1 listed property remains. The This edition of Heritage Quarterly has but property includes a large and historically a few of these examples where the best significant garden in which some of the heritage outcome is achieved past the many The owners of the Hurunui Hotel have original 19th century trees still remain. The challenges that confront heritage on a daily recognised its heritage status and have property and garden was once open for tours basis. These examples are all different so the shown commitment to return it to its and it is hoped that it will be again. ‘one-stop’ solution is not applicable and, as a heritage glory. Regional groups such as the recently result, we all need to have the dedication and There are many people and groups with a formed Heritage Wairarapa and those commitment to allow us to persevere. We are focus on Māori rock art. They ensure they are working on the educational partnership blessed in New Zealand with many people identified and then listed. The stories and programme at Mair’s Landing/Tawatawhiti and organisations who genuinely seek the priceless insights into New Zealand’s pre- in Whāngārei are other examples of the best heritage outcomes. European history and early Māori settlement breadth of dedication. The challenges that heritage face can be varied; can now be told. He aha te mea nui o te ao? He from natural disasters like earthquakes, that posed There are many people and organisations tangata, he tangata, he tangata significant challenges for the Category 1 Hurunui that have made the rebuild of the Timeball What is the greatest thing in the Hotel and the Timeball in Lyttelton, and cultural possible. Stonemasonry is a trade that has world? It is people, it is people, it awareness, that on a daily basis exposes risks to had a renaissance in New Zealand and the is people. our Māori rock art sites. It could also be through restoration of buildings and monuments such Indeed it is people and in heritage this is new developments such as the new Kopu Bridge as the Timeball have benefited from this. that left the 1920s original bridge exposed. absolutely true. They have the patience After years of negotiations with the New and the perseverance to work through the The focus on beating the challenges has to Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA), the Kopu challenges of heritage. It is to all of these be on the people, either as individuals or as Bridge and Community Trust have been people that we must be eternally grateful.n part of a group or organisation. Not one of the transferred ownership of the historic Kopu examples would have progressed if it was not Bridge outside Thames. The trust has set itself ANDREW COLEMAN for the people. the task of future retention and preservation. CHIEF EXECUTIVE

heritage.org.nz 3 FEATURE INTERVIEW

Learning on the job each day

Based in Heritage New Zealand’s Auckland office, Alexandra Foster is a Heritage Assessment Advisor for Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga. She is closely involved with researching significant heritage places for inclusion on the New Zealand Heritage List/ Rārangi Kōrero. Here she reflects on heritage with John O’Hare, and what it means to her.

How long have you worked for Q: Heritage New Zealand? I first started as a casual administration assistant in Auckland in 2012 and I have been in my current position for two-and-a-half years. I always enjoyed learning about history which I majored in at Auckland University along with psychology before training as a primary school teacher. When I had an opportunity in 2014 to be involved in an inventory project for Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga about war memorials I was able to get practical experience in this type of work and I took my next opportunity to follow a career in this field. Why is heritage important to Q: you personally and for the wider community? Heritage provides a tangible link to important events, stories, people and ideas, and conveys information in ways that cannot be captured in a book, for example. My understanding of my family’s personal history in New Zealand has increased as I research and learn about heritage Alexandra Foster in central Auckland. (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND)

4 heritage.org.nz planners, archaeologists, pouārahi and legal advisors on every project. I also really enjoy researching and finding out about these special places in our community. Getting my first listings approved was also a highlight, which were two former Royal New Zealand Air Force buildings at Hobsonville that are currently being repurposed for the growing local community. What inspires you about your Q: role? Meeting people that want to look after their heritage places is quite energising. Also the way research reveals a fascinating story about the people and events associated with a place, no matter how inconsequential it may appear at first look. Can you give an example of a Q: place that may initially have appeared to be inconsequential, but which after research has taken on a new significance? In the 2014 inventory of War Memorials in the Lower Northern area I researched

Alexandra Foster says the value of heritage around 30 memorials which were not has many layers. (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND) listed or scheduled by local councils. The project encompassed a number of different types of memorials, including war memorial halls. Through researching the places. The stories I have been told about their HERITAGE PROVIDES background information about the creation lives have new meaning for me since I started A TANGIBLE LINK TO of a particular First World War memorial working in this field. Heritage is about the hall I was interested to learn that utilitarian connection between the past and present and IMPORTANT EVENTS, memorials – such as halls and libraries – gives us perspective on life as we live it now. STORIES, PEOPLE AND were not favoured in the years after this war Why is your field of listing and IDEAS, AND CONVEYS and so this hall was one of a small number Q: research so important for heritage, INFORMATION IN WAYS of non-ornamental memorials built at this and New Zealand overall? THAT CANNOT BE time. However, following the Second World Through listing we are able to identify CAPTURED IN A BOOK. War ideas had shifted and war memorial significant heritage places and generate halls were built by many communities knowledge through research with primary across the country. and secondary sources about those places. What are some of the challenges? Has your view of what heritage With that information we can advocate and The wide range of complex history means changed? give advice to preserve our places so that in Q: Q: and architecture that I need to learn about Before I started working for Heritage New the future New Zealanders can continue to with each new project is a challenge that Zealand Pouhere Taonga I assumed that enjoy and learn about them. I enjoy. Even places that are next door to heritage meant old, but while historic What are some of the rewards each other will have different stories and significance is one value that we consider Q: working in this particular field of connections to their community. when assessing a place, there is a much heritage? What have been some of the wider range of heritage values that we assess Being able to work with, and learn from, a Q: highlights of your role to date? as well. These values include the meaning wide range of dedicated heritage professionals Learning from my experienced colleagues of the place to its community, the potential and engage with communities and owners of has been a real highlight. I work closely for new information to be learned from the heritage who are passionate about their places. with other assessment advisors, architects, place and its architectural values. n

heritage.org.nz 5 SOUTHERN REGION

The Hurunui Hotel is well on the mend. (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND)

Rodger and Nola as after their mortgages were “The financial support makes it possible for Hurunui Hotel paid off there was very little left for repairs. private owners of earthquake-prone buildings to meet the costs of ensuring their building Fortunately the Category 1 hotel received on mend thanks continues into the future.” funding from the Heritage New Zealand to grant funding Pouhere Taonga administered National Rodger was a builder for almost 50 years and Heritage Preservation Incentive fund for is doing most of the work on the Hurunui engineering plans. The repair project also Hotel. It’s a labour of love and he has been RODGER AND NOLA STRONG had just received just over $130,000 from Heritage working seven-day weeks. The project’s retired and were preparing for a campervan EQUIP (Earthquake Upgrade Incentive complex engineering has been a challenge. trip around New Zealand when the North Programme) in early 2018. These grants made “With all my building experience this would be Canterbury earthquake hit in November 2016. all the difference and the past few months the most complicated project I’ve worked on.” Their building, the Hurunui Hotel, on State have seen major progress in the hotel’s Highway 7, is sited on the fault line. Although strengthening. He has been ably assisted by Pinnacle the lower walls and ground floor survived Stonemasonry, conservation architect Dave Heritage New Zealand Conservation Architect, Pearson, and earthquake engineer, Win Clark. remarkably well, the hotel’s gable ends were Dave Margetts, is pleased with the outcome. damaged. When their insurance company The retrofit solution involves taking apart the wrote the building off it was a tricky time for “This is exactly the kind of result we like to see four gables, putting in new wooden frames from these funds,” Dave says.

6 heritage.org.nz Rodger Strong and

Win Clark inspect the

morgue site. (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND)

students are using original nails salvaged from the hotel to construct the coffins. The repair is just the latest chapter in the incredible story of the Hurunui Hotel. The hotel opened in 1860 at a busy site where Canterbury sheep were dipped for scab. Following a major flood the hotel was rebuilt on its current site across the Hurunui River in 1868. The beautiful two-storeyed building is constructed of local limestone and is a prime example of colonial architecture. By 1979 the hotel was badly run down, but 77 local farmers banded together to buy and restore the hotel. In Rodger Strong hard at work at the Hurunui 1996 the Strongs purchased the building Hotel. (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND) and ran it as a pub and function centre until the North Canterbury earthquake. It’s fitting that this year the Hurunui Hotel behind the exterior stone, and screwing “It’s fascinating because of the complex turns 150 years old. Once the repairs are everything together. There is a new plywood technical issues in dealing with heritage completed, Rodger and Nola hope to hold diaphragm over the first floor, and new materials,” he says. a birthday party for the building. It will be a joists in the roof. Every room and wall is tied chance for locals to celebrate the survival of Another interesting element is the repair together with screws and heli-ties to give the their special landmark. Whether they sell or of the hotel’s former morgue. Part of the building not less than 67 percent of the New lease the hotel in the future, the Strongs are conditions of the Heritage EQUIP funding Building Standard. happy to know they have ensured its survival. was that this historic mortuary be repaired. Win Clark has enjoyed the challenge of the Rodger is working with a local school teacher “The building belongs to the people of project. and his woodwork class who are creating Canterbury and we’re only just here for a short wooden coffins to display in the space. The time to look after it,” says Rodger. n

heritage.org.nz 7 SOUTHERN REGION

Marina Toullec enjoyed her time working on the Timeball tower in Lyttelton. Marina Toullec hard at work. (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND) (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND) (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND) location every six months or so, taking on on television as a teenager. She had already French new jobs that extend their skills. booked her flights for a working holiday when she heard from Damien Barthel about After finishing high school, Marina wanted the opportunity to work on the Timeball. connection to to do something connected to buildings. Damien, a director of Bosworth & Barthel Stone Architecture was too theoretical. Timeball tower Restoration, was looking for workers to assist “I wanted to do something with my hands,” on the Timeball tower stonemasonry contract. With the Timeball tower now back she says. He usually brings out two compagnons a year from France to assist on his projects. as part of Lyttelton’s skyline, its So she started training as a stonemason with reconstruction was partly thanks to Les Compagnons. The Timeball tower project was a great learning opportunity for Marina, carving and restoring the work of a young French woman. “It was completely an adventure, something all the Oamaru stone elements on the tower, new.” Marina Toullec worked on the using both historic and new stone. limestone elements of the Timeball There are not many female stonemasons but “I had never done this type of job before,” she the tools make her life easier. tower from October last year until says. April. Her work highlighted how “You still need to be strong, but if you really “It’s the first time I’ve had so many want to do it there’s no problem,” Marina says. women are gradually entering the responsibilities.” traditionally male-dominated craft It was initially hard finding work placements in Damien mentored Marina to manage the France because of the need to have separate of stonemasonry. entire process from shaping the stone to women’s toilets on a site. But once she has readying it for laying. started a job, there’s never been a problem MARINA IS AN apprentice at Les Compagnons being accepted. The Timeball site had also been a welcome change. Usually she is based in a workshop du Devoir, a French organisation that “When you arrive people can be shy because so it was nice to work outside and enjoy the has direct links back to the masons of they haven’t worked with a female stonemason stunning views. She has returned to France to medieval cathedrals. The organisation has before, but once they see your work and get to continue training. a programme for apprentices where they know you it is fine.” develop their skills through on-the-job The Timeball tower construction was Marina always wanted to come to New training, mentoring and night classes. Most completed recently and the official site Zealand since she saw the All Blacks playing apprentices move around France to a new opening will take place in the coming weeks. n

8 heritage.org.nz magazine over five decades,” says Jim. CENTRAL REGION “The garden was also recognised as a garden of significance by the New Zealand Gardens Trust. All three generations of the family have been keen, if not mad keen, gardeners. Diana and I followed suit with our interest in the garden during our years at the property.” Many of the big trees on the property planted by Sir William Fox are still there. Jim says the original Cedar of Lebanon, planted by Fox, is the “old daddy of the garden”. This dominant tree is still going strong after 145 years. The Howards said they wanted to get the right owners with the motivation to respect its character and develop the property. “We are sure the new owners of ‘Westoe’ will do just that,” says Jim. In 2014 the Howards handed over 480ha of Stunning ‘Westoe’ in Rangitīkei. (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND) their farm at ‘Westoe’ to Lincoln University for use as a sheep and beef training school for young farmers. Until that could be established the farm was leased to Duncan Land Ltd and New Zealand. Fox was a Member of Parliament students from Charles Duncan’s Otiwhiti Station Rangitīkei and during a varied public career he held the training school worked there. The lease runs positions of Colonial Secretary, Attorney General until September this year. Lincoln University is homestead and was four times Premier of New Zealand. no longer able to offer training at that level and Fox sold ‘Westoe’ in 1885, and the homestead the Lincoln-Westoe Trust has been dissolved. changes and land were acquired by James Howard, The trust’s assets and liabilities have to go to an Jim’s grandfather. The property remained in the organisation with the same aim – to provide ownership after Howard family until its recent sale. sheep and beef training in the Rangitīkei District. Jim Howard says he lived at the property his Much of the original timber panelling at 133 years entire life before moving to Marton. ‘Westoe’ is still evident and a large bay window Rangitīkei landmark property “In its heyday, the garden associated with the in the formal living room captures the sun. The homestead and garden has attracted many ‘Westoe’ has changed hands after homestead was open for garden tours and there were three features in NZ Gardener heritage tours over the years. n 133 years in the Howard family.

FORMER OWNERS, JIM and Diana Howard, Jim and Diana Howard. who live in Marton, had hoped other family (CREDIT: MURRAY WILSON/STUFF) members would continue the ownership of the property. The Howards are, however, delighted that a younger generation of close family friends, and former owners of the historic Mangaraupi homestead in Rangitīkei, are the new owners of ‘Westoe’ who will respect its historic character in future changes that may be made to the property. ‘Westoe’, Category 1 listed, was built in 1874 for Sir William Fox, politician, painter and a keen advocate for the temperance movement in

heritage.org.nz 9 NORTHERNMAORI HERITAGE REGION

Whāngārei’s archaeological gem captures imagination of students A heritage site dating back hundreds of years has captured the imagination of students from Whangarei Boys' High School.

10 heritage.org.nz MAIR’S LANDING/TAWATAWHITI, just Pā across the Hātea River, one of the north of Whāngārei’s central business district, largest archaeological sites in New Zealand. contains a number of prehistoric and historic The students also sketched the stone features – including a remnant Māori stone garden remnants and learned how the field garden, the remains of a coal chute garden was used. associated with the Whau Valley Coal mine The boys also rolled up their sleeves and horse-drawn tramway and Mair’s Landing helped remove rubbish in the area that had itself – a stone wharf dating back to 1841. come in from the road. Year 9 horticulture Interest in the extensive heritage site was students will also be involved in the weed sparked by a public talk given by Heritage management of the site as part of their New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Northland course, working with Whangarei District staff as part of last year’s New Zealand Council. Archaeology Week. “About 42 percent of the Year 9 students are “I was told of the site by a friend who Māori, and the ability to give these rangatahi attended the talk, and so I got in contact pride and a place in the city is a really with Bill Edwards of Heritage New Zealand,” positive outcome of this cross-curricular says Whangarei Boys’ High School Deputy work,” says Allister. Principal, Allister Gilbert. “The response from all the boys has “He was pleased that a school was (LEFT) Students been positive, with growth in a sense of from Whangarei interested in the history of the place, connectedness to the place they live in. The Boys' High School and supplied documents recording the sketch Parihaka Pā. ability to weave the Tawatawhiti garden site archaeology of the Whāngārei area and – which is very early – with the Parihaka site (BELOW LEFT) harbour as background material for the has really put their history into perspective.” Deputy Principal students. Heritage New Zealand people of Whangarei have been fantastic to work with.” The project has had other spin-offs that have Boys' High, Allister impacted the students. Gilbert, takes a class Bill, and his Northern Region archaeologist at Mair’s Landing/ colleague, James Robinson, took 22 of the “The local museum, KiwiNorth, brought Tawatawhiti – now used by the school school’s staff members on a walking tour artefacts relating to Māori gardening and as an outdoor of the site – and the ideas for using the site other tools to the school. We had them at the classroom. as an outdoor learning environment grew school for two days, with the Year 9 classes (BELOW RIGHT) from there. Mair’s Landing/Tawatawhiti was rotating through the display of ko (digging Students study the listed as a Historic Area recently and research sticks), timo/ketu (small wooden digging remnants of a stone for the listing report has helped increase implements), toki (adze), and māhē (fishing agricultural system. understanding of the site’s significance. sinkers) and punga (anchor stone). (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND) “The science and social studies teachers were “This was the first time they have brought enthusiastic about being able to walk classes material out of the museum, and we were to the site and back to school in 90 minutes, very privileged to have this opportunity. The and a cross-curricular unit was developed source of the stone has triggered interest between the two faculties,” says Allister. with the boys, and so the inquiry continues.” “The English faculty then became involved Mair’s Landing/Tawatawhiti will continue to with the project as they wanted to use it as a play a central part in Whangarei Boys' High source of inspiration for writing. Our Te Reo School’s learning – and the Year 9 cross- Māori teacher has also used it as a source of curricular unit in particular. information and experience for te tuhi me te “The school feels very close to the site and kōrero [writing and speaking activities].” is looking forward to helping develop it, and About 250 Year 9 students – split into 10 hopefully getting access to a high enough teaching groups – visited the site earlier this standard that it can be open to the public year and took part in a number of activities as it is an easy walk from the popular Town including sketching the outline of Parihaka Basin café and tourist precinct,” he says. n

heritage.org.nz 11 CENTRAL REGION

(ABOVE LEFT) David Kernohan points out features of the old the significance they have in the development Carterton library dating from New of local communities is very important. 1874, now next to the new “Our heritage tells the stories of how our Events Centre. organisation towns and cities have evolved and the (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND)

Wairarapa is a very special place to appreciate (ABOVE) The Sayer Slab Whare,

going strong the retention of this history whilst recognising in desperate need of restoration. the growth and development of new services (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND) in Wairarapa in our towns.” Heritage Wairarapa has recently Heritage Wairarapa developed out of discussions two years ago at a meeting of been incorporated and is keen Siobhan Jephson and David Wilson, are heritage owners and advocates with staff and advancing on the conservation work on this to get going as an advocacy, board members from Heritage New Zealand landmark property on the main street of education and watchdog Pouhere Taonga at a meeting at Longwood Carterton. organisation over the region’s in Featherston. Enthusiasm grew to a stage heritage places. where the new heritage group was formed at “It is important for us to strongly promote the a meeting at Pāpāwai Marae, in Greytown, in identification, conservation and protection October last year. of our heritage places, to help better educate the public on these places and to advocate CO-CHAIRMAN, DAVID KERNOHAN, The committee is now seeking registration as strongly for their listing and protection told a public meeting at the restored Old a charity and is planning to start engagement in District Plans. We need to work closely Courthouse in Carterton recently that the new on a number of heritage projects including with our respective councils in Masterton, organisation, made up of significant heritage working with Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Carterton and South Wairarapa around property owners and community leaders, Taonga and owners of the Sayer Slab Whare archaeology, the protection of pre-1900 sites intends to work alongside other heritage at Dalefield, built around 1859, in Carterton, and the pressing issue today of earthquake groups in the region. to make this Category 1 listed property more strengthening of heritage buildings, especially structurally secure with heritage grant funding. “We want to work with these groups and also unreinforced masonry buildings.” in partnership with Heritage New Zealand “A lot of care is needed with this whare to Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Pouhere Taonga for a greater understanding make weathertight and to ensure it remains is hopeful that a similar new heritage of our heritage assets, conservation practices as a significant heritage asset in the Wairarapa,” organisation may be formed in the Tararua and protection of heritage places,” says David. says David. District to replace the former branch He says understanding the stories of settlement “We are also delighted that the new owners committee of New Zealand Historic Places in Wairarapa, the construction of buildings and of the 1860s Wakelin’s Flourmill Mill building, Trust which went into recess. n

12 heritage.org.nz Māori occupation. For early Polynesian migrants, CENTRAL REGION the Wairau Bar and Lagoons area was attractive for its abundant natural resources, including mahinga kai and access to argillite deposits. The name Wairau is derived from the phrase ‘ngā wai-rua o Ruatere’ (the hundred waters of Ruatere). This means the confluence of streams, rivers, wetlands, lakes and estuaries across the Marlborough region. These waters provided an important food resource, and as shown by archaeological remains, moa were also abundant in the area. Tangata whenua occupied the area until the mid-19th century when European settlers began displacing them. The Wairau Bar Lagoons in the background. (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND) Kākāpō Bay in Port Underwood has been identified by Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga as having historical and archaeological submission calling for protections for the significance for its layers of Māori and European Greater heritage Wairau Bar and Lagoons. Prior to the council history. It is currently a proposal for entry on hearing we engaged in consultation with iwi the List as a historic area, and is well-known as protection representatives and members, landowners and the location of early whaler John ‘Jacky’ Guard’s other stakeholders. By verbal assent among shore-whaling station from around 1829, and sought those in attendance at the workshop, we agreed the home of the Guard family for over 186 years. to seek a higher level of protection for the area The bay also contains evidence of centuries of Heritage New Zealand Pouhere than that already provided for in the Proposed Māori occupation. Taonga recently appeared at a Marlborough Environment Plan, which was reflected in our hearing evidence.” “Through our consultation with landowners Marlborough District Council we gained support for proposing that a larger hearing on the Proposed The Wairau Bar and Lagoons form a distinctive area of the Kākāpō Bay area be included in the landscape, with the lands and waterways Marlborough Environment Plan Proposed Marlborough Environment Plan’s holding a special place in New Zealand’s history schedule of Locally Significant Heritage Items,” (the ‘Plan’), seeking to widen the due to its association with the earliest period of says Jamie. n extent of protection in the Wairau coastal area and Kākāpō Bay in

Port Underwood. The Wairau Bar Lagoons. (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND)

AN ADDITIONAL BUILDING was also sought to be scheduled in the Plan, the former Wairau Hospital Nurses Home, a Category 2 historic place entered on the New Zealand Heritage List/Rārangi Kōrero in 2010, and for the Omaka Church in Renwick to remain as a scheduled item on the Plan. The church is currently a proposal for entry on the List as a Category 2 historic place. Central Region Director, Jamie Jacobs, says better protections for the Wairau Bar and Lagoons, which includes the Wairau wāhi tapu, and archaeological sites in the Plan, are a priority for Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga. “Through our further submission we supported Te Rūnanga a Rangitāne o Wairau’s original

heritage.org.nz 13 NORTHERN REGION

The Kopu Bridge in its heyday. (CREDIT: KOPU BRIDGE AND COMMUNITY TRUST)

“We can look forward to it continuing to New future for Kopu Bridge be a heritage landmark that tangibly and meaningfully links with the history of the The future of one of the Thames-Coromandel’s heritage icons is looking Thames-Coromandel and Hauraki regions, and bright thanks in a large part to a group of local heritage supporters. will be re-invigorated to once more become a place of active use and enjoyment.” Built in 1928, the 463m-long Kopu Bridge THE 90-YEAR-OLD Kopu Bridge – a local people determined to see the historic linked Thames and the wider Coromandel Category 1 listed historic place – has avoided bridge retained and restored. region with Auckland, fostering economic demolition following an agreement transferring growth. “The Kopu Bridge is the sole remaining ownership of the bridge from the New Zealand operational swing span bridge in New The bridge was constructed in response to the Transport Agency (NZTA) to the Kopu Bridge Zealand and as such is a very important growing importance of road transport in the and Community Trust. surviving example of this form of technology,” 1920s, and the development of dairy farming The agreement means the trust will take says Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga in the Hauraki Plains following the large-scale financial responsibility for the bridge. It is the Conservation Architect, Robin Byron, who draining of swamp land in the area. result of several years of advocacy – supported provided support, heritage and conservation “Kopu Bridge was a major technological by Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga – by advice throughout the discussion period. achievement, particularly in its use of deep

14 heritage.org.nz

Members of the Kopu Bridge and Community Trust with representatives of the NZTA at the recent Kopu Bridge hand-over ceremony. (CREDIT: KOPU BRIDGE AND COMMUNITY TRUST)

piles to counteract a soft river bottom and traffic flow overwhelming the capacity of increasingly as a road link between Auckland strong tidal currents,” says Robin. the one-way bridge. In this way, however, it and the Coromandel – so much so that by the became a marked and memorable threshold to early 1990s it became the most heavily used “The bridge was one of the most significant the peninsula. single-lane road bridge in New Zealand, with public projects carried out in the region and 4200 vehicles per day. reflected the expansion of farming and butter Supported by 23 steel spans sitting on production.” reinforced concrete piers, the bridge didn’t “Having suffered from lack of maintenance just span the east and western banks of the over many years now, the trust will need to Reporting on the opening of the bridge in ; it also spanned different eras tackle the remedial works required and plan for 1928, the New Zealand Herald described it as of transportation. When the bridge opened, the conservation and restoration of the Kopu “an epoch-making event”. ferries still transported goods on the river, Bridge,” says Robin. Another story captured the full impact of the making the central swing span an important The Kopu Bridge and Community Trust is new bridge: element of its construction, enabling keen to restore the bridge and open it as a commercial river traffic to travel up- and “The opening of the bridge … will bring pedestrian and cycle way, tapping into the down-stream. Thames within little more than three hours’ increasingly popular cycle tourism market. drive of Auckland. The obstacle has been the A bridge master operated the electric swing “Making the bridge available for pedestrians Kopu ferry. The removal of this gives a free mechanism from a cabin on the central span, and cyclists, and a range of occasional events, is connection with the excellent roads of the and a system of coloured lights helped inform the perfect use for the Kopu Bridge,” says Robin. Hauraki Plains … Apart from the advantage shipping about the opening of the swing span which Thames residents will enjoy, is the ready – though things didn’t always go according to “The bridge will continue to serve its original access to the beautiful Coromandel coast procedure. Two cargo ships, the Tūhoe and the purpose while also supporting the local afforded the Auckland motorist.” Taniwha, crashed into the bridge at different economy as a drawcard for tourists and as times in the 1920s. a local amenity. The agreement is a great The Kopu Bridge certainly opened up the outcome for heritage, and all parties should Coromandel – to the extent that in its latter Over the years, river traffic declined, and be congratulated on working together to years it became vilified by many summer in 1964 the retiring bridge keeper was achieve this.” n holiday-makers frustrated by slow seasonal not replaced. Instead the bridge was used

heritage.org.nz 15 CENTRAL REGION TERAWHITI STATION SHAREHOLDER, Michael Grace, has taken this initiative, working with Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga and members of the committee of Historic Places Wellington to fulfil these objectives, particularly at the Albion Goldmining Company Battery and Mine Remains at Terawhiti Station. “We have several people interested in being members of the society,” says Michael. “The shareholders of Terawhiti Station are pleased with the steps that have been taken and the commitment to seek to preserve this important part of our history. We want to get some of the machinery that is buried below the ground up and preserved, and to find the best way of protecting these mine remains for their future interpretation and to get funding assistance to help us in this task.”

The Albion Company Battery site. (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND) Terawhiti Station is one of New Zealand’s oldest and largest sheep stations. It is situated on steep and rugged hill country on the south-west tip of the . It was, at various times from the 1850s to 1910, an area for gold prospecting. It is the lower North Island’s only example Society formed to oversee of a large area that includes a range of gold-related sites including tunnels, tracks, mines, tramways, stores, house Wellington goldfields sites and tailings. The Albion Gold Mining Company was one of many companies that operated in the Terawhiti area. A Wellington Goldfields Heritage Society has been incorporated to provide support in preserving, protecting, restoring and Heritage researcher, Vivienne Morrell, researched the Albion Gold Mining Company Battery which has been interpreting gold mining sites within the Wellington city area. listed as a Category 2 historic place by Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga. “Gold mining was a major story in 19th century New Zealand, and Terawhiti is an example of this gold fever,” says Vivienne. “In this case it was an unsuccessful field but, despite its lack of payable gold, the Terawhiti mines gave employment to miners, packers, ship owners and indirectly to storekeepers and tradesmen for a few years in the 1880s during an economic depression in New Zealand.” The Albion Battery remains are approximately 3km up Black Gully from Oteranga Bay on private farmland at Terawhiti. The battery, built in 1883, was only used for three crushings. The company’s failure, together with the difficult topography, meant that most of the equipment was not removed when the company left the site. Although the battery building has long gone, the main elements of the battery equipment are still in place: the boiler, engine, flywheel and cam shaft and two stamper boxes. Two berdans and the stampers lie in the grass behind the cam shaft. The site has the potential to provide knowledge of the goldmining period of New Zealand history. n Vivienne Morrell at the Break of Day Mine entrance. (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND)

16 heritage.org.nz SOUTHERN REGION THE VANDALISM HAS HIGHLIGHTED THE IMPORTANCE OF VISITING ROCK ART SITES

THROUGH

THE CORRECT CHANNELS.

• Ōpihi features taniwha rock art. (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND)

wāhi tupuna is on private land, and only Māori rock art a national treasure accessible with local manawhenua guides present. Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga is privileged to have several The vandalism has highlighted the Māori rock art sites on its New Zealand Heritage List/Rārangi Kōrero. importance of visiting rock art sites through However, recent damage to a site in South Canterbury has highlighted the correct channels. the importance of appreciating these special places appropriately. “There is a lot of misleading information online and in guidebooks which encourages visitors to trespass on private land to access MĀORI ROCK ART is an incredibly and track upkeep. These Category 1 sites are rock art sites,” says Amanda Symon from the significant link to the activities and places of on private land but are accessible to the public Ngāi Tahu Māori Rock Art Trust. New Zealand’s first people. Although there with permission of the landowner. They can be has not yet been any successful direct dating visited independently, or with guided groups “This rightly frustrates landowners as it can of rock art in New Zealand, the style of the art from the Te Ana Ngāi Tahu Rock Art Centre. lead to gates being left open and stock getting found here is similar to that in wider Polynesia. loose, and is a health and safety liability. In 2017 Heritage New Zealand Pouhere The subject matter includes extinct birds such This, in turn, means the rock art becomes an Taonga listed a further group of 14 rock as the moa and Haast’s eagle, suggesting annoyance in the eyes of the landowner, rather art sites at Ōpihi as a wāhi tupuna. This the practice may have been brought to than something to be treasured.” classification recognises the ancestral Te Waipounamu (South Island) by the earliest significance of places – in this case This Matariki (the Māori New Year) is a great Māori settlers in the 13th century. Māori acknowledging the relationship between time to learn more about Māori rock art. artists created imagery mostly on limestone the sites, the wider cultural landscape which Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga caves, overhangs and rocks, and they are wāhi they inhabit, and the connection to the encourages the public to visit the Te Ana taonga sites for Māori. descendants of the people who created the Māori Rock Art Centre in Timaru. The centre Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga cares art. Unfortunately a couple were recently holds the most significant collection of Māori for several Māori rock art sites: Te Manunui in discovered camping at the Ōpihi site and, rock art in New Zealand, and local Ngāi Tahu Pareora, and O Wāhi Moa (Valley of the Moa) while there, they defaced the rock art with guides take tours to the Ōpihi wāhi tupuna on Craigmore Farm, providing interpretation graffiti and lit a fire near one of the sites. The area. n

heritage.org.nz 17 NORTHERN REGION

Dunedin Railway Station. (CREDIT: DUNEDIN CITY COUNCIL)

Following in Cook’s wake on the R. Tucker Thompson. (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND)

“Cook spent about a week in the Bay of Islands “We also had the privilege of having kaumātua Cook’s tour on in early December 1769 and kept a journal, Matu Clendon and Robert Willoughby on along with scientists Joseph Banks and Daniel board who shared some tremendous insights the R. Tucker Solander who were also on board,” says into early Polynesian navigation and settlement Heritage New Zealand’s Northland Manager, in the Bay, including some of the local place Thompson Bill Edwards. names that have a direct link back to Tahiti.” “An additional document was a chart made The event was an early curtain-raiser for the An opportunity to follow in the by naval officer, Richard Pickersgill, which upcoming 250th anniversary of Cook’s 1769 wake of Captain James Cook’s recorded soundings taken. Combined with voyage to New Zealand in 2019. Official exploration of the Bay of Islands the journals this gave us great information on commemoration events will take place in would probably be exciting where they landed. parts of New Zealand where Cook and the Endeavour visited – including Gisborne, “We were able to pinpoint the places Cook enough for most New Zealand , Golden Bay and the Bay of Islands. history fans. But doing it aboard visited and read about their experiences from the journals at the actual places they A replica of the Endeavour will also travel around a square rigged tall ship, much visited. It helped bring alive the stories the country as part of the commemorations. the same size as Cook’s ship behind the interactions between Cook, his “The 250th anniversary of Cook’s first crew and local Māori.” Endeavour, is even better. voyage to New Zealand will be a significant The cruise was based on a map designed commemoration date and an opportunity by Heritage Northland’s Grainger Brown, to celebrate and acknowledge the different THAT’S WHAT A boat load of history buffs who overlaid the Pickersgill chart onto a navigation and exploration traditions that form experienced recently as supporters of Heritage modern map of the Bay. He then related the part of our shared heritage,” says Bill. Northland Inc and Heritage New Zealand soundings to the journal entries providing an Pouhere Taonga set sail on the R. Tucker “There will be plenty of opportunities for exact location of the Endeavour and her crew Thompson retracing Cook’s travels during his people to learn more about this aspect of during the vessel’s time in the Bay of Islands. ground-breaking exploration of the Bay. New Zealand’s history throughout 2019.” n

18 heritage.org.nz NATIONAL FOCUS

Dunedin Railway Station. (CREDIT: DUNEDIN CITY COUNCIL) Highwic. (CREDIT: GRANT SHEEHAN) Ophir Post Office. (CREDIT: GRANT SHEEHAN)

Trivia answers 1. Pigeon Island, Dusky Sound, Fiordland Trivia time, heritage style 2. Wellington and Hokitika 3. Christ Church (Anglican), Church If you were asked to meet at Richard In which city is there a statue of Street, Russell (Category 1 historic place) 1. Henry’s Bird Pen (Category 1 historic 9. explorer Captain Robert Falcon Scott, was built in 1835 place) where would you be? who reached the South Pole in 1912 4. Memorial to Bess (Category 1 historic but died on the return journey? While around half a dozen monuments place) 2. were erected to Premier Richard John Grafton Bridge in Auckland (Category 5. “Gingerbread George” Seddon throughout New Zealand, only 1 historic place) was at the forefront 10. 6.. Richard John Seddon, Premier of New two of them are images of the man of construction technology at its Zealand from 1893 to 1906 himself. Where are they? completion in 1910. Why? 7. Ōhinemutu, Bay of Plenty. Te Hāhi o te Where is the earliest surviving church What is the name of the marae that is Whakapono is St Faith’s Anglican Church 3. in New Zealand? 11. headquarters to Te Kingitanga and the official residence of the Māori King? 8. Ophir is a port or region mentioned in A unique and important memorial, the Bible, famous for its wealth 4. this structure in Bulls commemorates The Massey Memorial at Point Halswell the horses that served New Zealand 12. in Wellington (Category 1 historic place) 9. Christchurch (corner Worcester St and during the First World War. What is was originally used for what purpose Oxford Tce, Category 2 historic place) it called? before becoming a memorial to a 10. It had the world’s largest single span former Prime Minister and his wife? of reinforced concrete at 296m The Dunedin Railway Station (1906) 5. was designed by George Troup. What Pencarrow Lighthouse was the first 11. Tūrangawaewae Marae in nickname was given Troup due to the 13. permanent lighthouse built in New Ngāruawāhia, Waikato station’s lavish decoration? Zealand in 1859. Where was the 12. It was one of a number of coastal second permanent lighthouse built? The carved oak pulpit that stands in defence forts built to protect Wellington 6. the northern transept of Old St Paul’s in How many children did Alfred following the Crimean War from the Wellington was donated to the church 14. Buckland, original owner of Highwic in threat of Russian invasion in 1908 in memory of who? Auckland, have? Was it (a) none (b) two 13. Nelson’s Boulder Bank Lighthouse, (c) five or (d) 21? Where would you be if visiting wāhi in 1862 7. tūpuna site Te Hāhi o te Whakapono? The South African War Memorial in 14. (d) 21. Buckland married twice. His Ōamaru serves a three-fold purpose. first wife Eliza (who died of pneumonia Ophir Post Office in central Otago is 15. Which British monarch does it in 1865) had 10 children and second still serving the goldfield town since 8. commemorate the life and death of, wife Matilda Jane 11 opening in 1886. What is the origin of and which British monarch does it the word Ophir? 15. The life and death of Queen Victoria commemorate the coronation of? and coronation of Edward VII n

heritage.org.nz 19 SOUTHERN REGION

Virtual tour takes in Christchurch’s hotel archaeology

Have you ever wondered what artefacts Christchurch archaeologists have uncovered since the Canterbury earthquakes?

A new Heritage Trail app from

Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga gives an insight into A selection of artefacts found by archaeologists. (CREDIT: CHRISTCHURCH ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT) the archaeological excavations at former hotel sites around The app was created in partnership with their work. Heritage New Zealand Pouhere the central city. The app Public Underground Overground Archaeology and Taonga Archaeologist, Gwen Jackson, stars in Houses, Private Lives: Excavating the Christchurch Archaeology Project, who one of these videos. provided most of the images, information and Christchurch’s colonial hotels, is “Heritage New Zealand regulates archaeology, research. a great way to learn more about and we are always looking for ways to educate what archaeologists do. The tour focuses on colonial hotels as the public on the value of archaeology, and they were an interesting meeting place how it is done,” says Gwen. between public and private life. People “Hopefully this app will be an entry point for HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND Pouhere Taonga came to drink at the bar, play skittles and people to learn more about what we do.” Outreach Advisor, Rosemary Baird, has wanted be entertained, but also went about their to create an app based on post-quake regular routines of eating, washing and Public Houses, Private Lives is free to archaeology for some time. dressing while staying at the hotel. Because download on iTunes or Google Play. You they were busy places, there are large can find it by typing ‘Heritage New Zealand “There is so much public interest in numbers of artefacts discovered in drains Heritage Trails’ into the search engine. The archaeology, and since the earthquakes local and rubbish deposits in the ground, even five hotels included in the app are in close archaeologists have had amazing opportunities after the buildings are gone. proximity, so after downloading the app it’s to uncover fascinating artefacts and easy to walk the 3.3km route and see the sites groundworks. Their research has really added to The app also includes some short videos of the former hotels in person. n our knowledge of Christchurch’s history.” where archaeologists answer questions about

Published by Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga, Heritage Quarterly keeps you up-to-date with heritage work from around New Zealand.

For more information or to subscribe, write to PO Box 2629, Wellington 6011 or contact the editor, phone: 04 470 8066 or email: [email protected]. ISSN 2324-4267 (Print) ISSN 2324-4275 (Online).

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