UNITED STATES dEPAK. UIE>vT ,7F AGRlCdLTirRE AGAICULTORAL RESEARCR: SEHVlCE NORTHEASTERN REGION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER

BELTSVILLE. MARYLAND 20705

Subject; Baccharis megapotam5ca and the Genus, i3ac;narks

To. Robert E. Perdue, Jr. , Chief Medicinal Plant Xesourcss Laboratory

--~c,...ar; s aegspotamica Sprzng . ir~zudes two varietFes - the typ!.cu, var. .. ry an~: ;. ;.zgapotarnica Spreng. var. weirif stat. nov. in Z. M. Lar-.A 3.~3, ,?acc&idinae do Brazil (thesis 1973). According to Jose Ckatrecs.;ss . ,.draonal comunica t ion), her {sari. SO) thesis my have been pua 1:;hel.

26th vcri et ies of BaccharLs. zL2gapa~;.~icahave shwn ant irumcr ar . '",~ty,+ cl~ sannhes that Dr. Kupchan has been w~~rkingwith are cl; 2. megapor,, -.-. var. 7egapotanica. From revlaling h2rba1 ium specirne~~sand 3arroso' s thd., i3 the Sml:hsonian, the follawing is a summary on the hakit and dlsrrzbu:i~n of &. megapotarnica.

Baccharis megapotarnica var, ... ,apotarnic~ rs shrub 3 t~ 5 feei high occurring in boggy mead&; or open ficlds and along trails at elevations from 2,700 to ne,r 7,000 feet. Irs distribut:oc is limited to southeastern Brazil in the States of 3inas Gt:rais, Rio de Janeira, Sao PadPo, Ptiraaa, Santa Catariilz: and Rio c:raade do Sul. B, negapotazica var. weirLi is similar zc :he distribu- tion of t& typical variety b~cit does not occur in Minas GeraFs and extends further sonth into Uruguay. Figure 1 shows the distribution of g. mepapotam& var. megapotasica. Baccharis m~ga~orarnicaand three other closely related species, -3. *at -- a, B. czprsriaefolia and -B. dracunulifslia, are classified by Earroaa LrL ~ke -3. spicata group. 2. spicata is active in PS from Uruguay, sampies or" 2 dracunullfoiia were inactive and -5. caprariaefolia has not beel. eerL.\ Ali of ~htsespecies appear to bz :t.~rev~idely distributed in Rra -.L ~ki- -3. 1. .gax ataaica .

3.2 ,srl -5 Baccharis 'Delongs to the rribe Astereae in cne iamiEy ASL~~E {Co: ?os;tae). Subtribes defined ir, the Astereae dre: :', lidsgini- .: :;.r .delf a, ChrysopsIs, Lepidophy- , -t 5.;sdA,pr 5, C~+J,- --?t . -- nia) , Grangeinat' (Granges , -Di..t- - rocephala) , ge:T~;;~~at: (& -<:CJ -' ;I As..c-ricae -'Ta?otes, To'wrzsendia, ;-:, . -r-1, Aster, &h?-sl ndrr :, ;I>, 2.1 - ..------+- : . .>S=CJ~~*U:II),C~nyzinae (Micrabii. -;a, Ifaastia, Conva ~tirys~,~-,t i,-'- - ..xhtac~inae (Hj.nterhubera) and Bzccharldinae (Bnccna-;Ldas:x.- -- --++i' < . ?r:ylogt;,~ticrelationships of BacciLaris- to other tribes ar.d ge~.~_r&ye A)~. r .',gun 2. IE Figure 2, note tha: we have had significant anticcmor d~rlvityin Erfgeron and Conyza. The diagnostic characters of the Baccharidinae are plants usually dioecious with corollas that are profoundly lobed. The dioecious occurrence in Baccharis may also be a relevant factor in regards to activity. For example, activity in Cannabis is commonly associated with the female plants.

About 400 species of ~accharisare currently recognized, most of these occur in Brazil. Approximately 18% of the species have been screened for ant$- rcrnar activity and 7.5-8.4% of thosc tested are active. Species of Beccharis Eisve 5e2n screened on 128 occasions and 4.7% of the collections arc active. Statistfcs on samples and extracts tested and active are summarized below:

Species Collections (one or more samples) Active Collections Percent Active

Species Tested 71-80 Active Species 6 Percent Active 7.5-8.4

Samples Tested Active Samples Percent Active

Extracts Tested Active Extracts Percent Active

Three of the six species that are llsted as active in Baccharis belong to the g. spicata group. These are B. megapotarnica, g. weirii (= -B. megapotarnica var. weirii) and -23. spicata. Species active in Baccharis are listed in Table 1.

Antitumor agents isolated and identified in Baccharis are from samples of -B. sarothioides Gray; centaureidin (Flavone) and 3,5,7 trihydroxy-3,G; dimethoxyflavone adare listed to be active in only KB Cell Culture.

About 1: species of Baccharis were found to have been reportedly used medicically or cited as poisonous. Eleven species have been screened and only on2 is active. These facts are listed in Table 2.

Table 3 lists all species of Baccharis that have been screened for antitumor actcvity. The nomenclature for all species was checked in the available references as cited. Considering the high percentage of species that h2v2 been scraened in thfs genus, it was surprising to find that two species ai rather widespread distribution have not been screened: -3. latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers, and -B. douglasii DC. Sme no%enclatural or spelling corrections to be made far the computer records are listed in Table 4.

For more specific information on the abundance of Baccharis megapotarnica, Dr. Jose Cuatrecasas suggested that we write to:

1. Graziela Maciel Barrosa Jardin Botanic0 do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil (South America)

2. P. Rauliao Reitz Herbaris "Barbosa Rodrigues" 88300 ITAJAI, S.C. Brazil (South America)

'Xhe amount of my time devoted to this project was about 22 hours. However, it should be noted that Sandra Saufferer obtained the necessary information on the distribution of Baccharis megapotarnica about two years ago, Sandy's time involved was two hours.

Richard W. Spjut, Botanist Medicinal Plant Resources Laboratory

Enclosures cc: A. S. Farclay G. M. arbtenson S. Saufferer POSX File TABLE 1. List of Active Species in the Genus, Baccharis

Baccharis coridifolia DC. st-lf (KB) Brazil (Parana) (B-614363)

Baccharis megapotarnica Spreng. var. megapotarnica rt; tw-If-£1 (KB, PS) Brazil (Parana)

Baccharis megaporarnica Spreng. var. weirii (Bak.) Stat. ova rt-tw-If-£1 (UB) Brazil I= 3. weirii Baker) (PR-33100)

Baccharis pedunculata (Miller) Cabrera rt-tw (PS) Panama (PR-32831)

Baccharis sarothroides Gray st-lf (KB) California (3-614034)

Baccharis spicata Riern, wd (FS) Uruguay (B-649646) WULE 2. List of ~ediciaaland Poisonous Species in the Genus, Baccharis

Species Reference

* Baccharis artemisioides Hook & Am. 1

-B. calliprinos Griseb. 4

* 3. con£erta H. B.K. 7

* g* corfdifolfa DC. 135

-B. crispa Spreng, 5

* -B. genistilloides Pers. 496

* -5. glomerulifolia Pers. 2

* B. glutinosa Pers. 4,s = -B. salicifolfa (Ruiz. & Pav.) Pers.

-B. microcephala (Less.) DC. * 5. notosergilla Griseb. * -B. pteronioides DC.

* -B. tridentada VahX.

* 2. trimera (Less. ) DC.

* Species that have been screened for antitumor activity.

Baccharis coridifolia DC. is the only species active in the above list Ragonese, A, E. Plantas toxicas para el garodo en la region central Argentina. La Planta V. National, Facultad de Agronomia, Revista 31: 133-336, December 1955.

Kingsbury, 3. M. Poisonous Plants of the United States and Canada, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentfce-Hall, 626 pp., 1964.

Hurst, E. The Poisonous Plants of New South Wales. Sydney, 498 pp., 1942,

~phof,J. C. Ta. Dictionary of Economic Plants. Verlag Von J. Crarner, Lehxe, Germany, 591 pp., 1963 (second edition).

Cabrera, A. L. Flora Pantagonia (VII) Compositae. Buenos Aires, 5-96,

Lindley, 3. and T. Moore. The Treasury of Botany. Longmuns, Green and Co., London, Vol. 1: 114-115, 1899.

Martinez, M. Ias Plantas Medicinales de Mexico. fdiciones Botas- Mexico, 656 pp., Quinta edicion, 1969.

Hartwell, J. L. Plants Used Against Cancer. A Survey. Lloydia 30(4): 379-436, 2967 and ten additional installments ending with 34(4): 386-437, 1971. TABLE 3. Review of Nomenclature in Species of Baccharis Screened for Antitumor Activity

Species Reference No.

Baccharis anpustifolia Michx -B. anornala DC. -B. artenistoides Hook. & Am. -B. articulata (Lam.) Pers. -3, axillaris DC. -B. Sraunii (Polak) Standley = -3. pedunculata (Miller) Cabrera -B, calvescens DC. -B. cassinefolia DC. -3. concava Pers. -3, ronfertifolia DC. -5. curitybensis Heerfng ex MaZrne -B. discolor Bak. -B. dracunulifolia DC. -B. elaegnoides Steud. ex Sch.Bip. -B. enoryi Gray -B. (Lam.) Pers, -3. pibertii Baker -B. glomeruliflora Pers. -3. plutinosa Pers. = -8. salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav. ) Pers. -B. gnaphalioides Spreng. -B. halimifolia--.La -B . ha 1 imimorpha DC . *B. helichrysoides DC. 3. heterophylla H. B.K. -B. linearis (Zuiz. & Pav.) Pers. -B. nagallanica (Lam.) Pers. = -E. trucuneata (L.f.) Pers. var. magellanica (Lam.) Cuatr, -B. megapotamica Spreng. var, megapotamica -8- medulosa DC. (-3. melastomefolia Hook. & Am.) r 8. puociuls+& DC. -B. nyricaefolia DC. -B. nivalis medd.) Sch.Bfp. ex fhilippi -B, notosergilla Griseb. -ti. ochracea Spreng. -8. .panFculata.DC. -3. patagonicz Hook. & Am, -8. pedicillata DC. -B. pedunculata (~iller) Cabrera -0. ~ilularisDC. -B. piluliaris DC. ssp. consanguinea (DC.) C. B.Wolf Species Reference No.

p lummerae Gray 7 pteronioides DC. 9 racemosa (Ruiz. & Pav.) DC. 3 reticularia DC, 8 retusa DC. 8 rhornbordalis Remy 3 rufescens Spreng. 3 sagittalis (Less .) DC, 3 salicifolia (Ruiz. & Pav.) Pers. 1,2,3 -B. safacina T. & G* 10 -B. salzmannii DC. 8 B. sarothroides Gray 7>9 -3. schultzii Bak. 8 -5. semiserrata DC. 8 -B. sergiloides Gray 7,9 -B. sphaerocephala Book & Am. 8 -B. spicata Hieron 4,438 -3. stenocephala Mk. 6 $8 -3. subopnosita DC. 6,s -B. s ubspathulata Cardn. 8 -B. teTeaguinoides ? none 3. thesioides H. 3. K. 8,9 -B. tricuneata (L. f .) Pers . 2 -k. tridentata Vahl 8 8. trimera (Less.) DC. 3,6 none -B. trinervis Pers. 8 -3. urnbellifomis DC. = -B. obovata Hook. & Am. -B. uncinella DC. -B. vaccinoides H. B. K. -3. vauthteri DC. -B. prndoides DC. B. virninea DC.

* Status likely to be changed: B. megapotamica Spreng. var. weiri

Addendum -B. coridifolfa DC. Cuatrecasas, J. 1968. Notas Adicionales, Taxonomicas Y Corologicas, Sobre Saccharis. Revista de la Acad. Colombiana De Ciencias Exactas Fiscas Y Naturales. Vol. 13(5O): 201-226.

. 1969. Prima Flora Colombiana (Compositae - Asterae). Webbia, Vol. 24(1) : 2-299.

Cabrera, A. L. 1971. Flora Patagonica WIT) Compositae, pp. 5-96. Buenos Aires . Barrosa, G. M. 1973 (Thesis - unpublished) Baccharidinae do Brazil. (Copy at Smithsonian - Jose Cuatrecasas).

Long, R. W, and 0. lakela. 1971. A Flora of Tropical Florida. University of Miami Press, pp. 850-51.

A~ely,Joa. 1965. Flora Analitica Do Farana. Impresso nos Estudas Unidos do Brazil, pp. 675-680. mnz, P. A. 1965. Cali£ornia Flora. University of California mess, Berkeley and Los Angeles, pp. 2225-1227.

Index Kewensfs

Kearney, T. B. and R. H. Peebles. 1969. Arizona Flora. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, pp. 882-884.

Correl1, D. S. and H. 3. Correll. 1975. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southwestern United States. Stanford University Press. Vol. 2, p. 1607. TABLE 4. List of Corrections for some Species in the Genus Baccharis

Previous Listing Correction

Baccharis braunii -3. pedunculata (Miller) Cabrera

-B. cordifolia L. -B. coridifolia DC.

B. cordifolia DC. -B. coridifolia DC.

3. glutfnosa Pers. -'8. salicifolia (Ruiz, & Pav.) P~L

I

-B. mbelliformis DC. -B. obovata Hook. & Am.

-B. magellanica (Urn.) Pers. -3. tricuneata (L. f .) Pers. var. magellanica (Ian.) Cuatr.:

3acczris vaccinoides H.B.K. Baccharis vaccinoides H. B. K.

Bacchar -s nivalfs SCH. BIP. Baccharis nivalis Sch. Bip. B-673436