MHL (Mobile High-Definition Link)

MHL (Mobile high-deﬁ nition link) Technical overview

Mobile high-definition link MHL is the new leading mobile device interface for transmitting video and audio. This interface can connect smartphones, tablet PCs and video Key features of MHL: cameras with display equipment such as TV sets, projectors and monitors. MHL uses the micro USB port which is already available on many ❙ HD video and digital audio: 1080p/60 video and up to 192 kHz 7.1 surround audio mobile devices. The USB interfac e can be used for data connections to a PC as usual. When the built-in MHL transmitter chip recognizes an ❙ Utilization of existing connectors MHL-capable receiver at the other end, it switches into the MHL transmit mode. The MHL transmitter then sends the AV data over two of the ﬁ ve ❙ Low pin-count interface: HD video and digital audio over a 5-pin interface which includes control and power pins on the micro USB port. The control signals are transmitted via one of the other pins. The 5 V line is used to charge the mobile device while ❙ Provision of power to the mobile device: 5 V and 900 mA transmitting. ❙ Content protection: full support of high-bandwidth digital content protection (HDCP)

Interfaces and pin assignment

Transmitter end (TX end) = source 19 Receiver end (RX end) = sink Link CBUS 1 VBUS

2 18 MHL– CBUS VBUS

3 VBUS HDMI type A Micro USB MHL+ TMDS channel (MHL–/MHL+) 9 MHL– 4 GND CBUS

5 7 GND GND MHL+ 17,11,5

MHL link control bus (CBUS) MHL voltage bus (VBUS) The point-to-point single-wire CBUS provides the following functionality: The VBUS provides a minimum of 5 V/900 mA power between sink (e.g. TV) and source (e.g. mobile phone). ❙ A mechanism allowing source and sink devices to detect connectivity to an MHL-compliant sink and source device, respectively ❙ A communications channel for DDC commands that is used by an MHL source device to determine the capabilities and characteristics of the sink device by reading the EDID data structure ❙ A communications channel for DDC commands that is used by an MHL source device to initiate all register reads and writes required for content protection ❙ An MHL sideband channel (MSC) is provided for higher-level user functions such as automatic setup tasks or tasks typically associated with infrared remote control usage: remote control protocol (RCP), UTS-8 character protocol (UCP), request action protocol (RAP) The CBUS has sufﬁ cient headroom to be used for other protocols in the future.

TMDS channel

Logical channels Physical channel Period control signal Period control signal 24-bit mode Video encoding 24 bit per pixel are transferred CH0 CH0 MHL+/MHL– MHL+/MHL– Common CH1 Audio/video Audio/video Common TMDS CH1 Data island MHL stream mode Decryption and control Content Content and control Encryption mode MHL stream decoding encoding demodulaton CH2 logic logic CH2 modulaton CH2 CH1 CH0 MHL clock MHL clock CH2 CH1 CH0 Control period encoding t t t t2 t1 t0 2 1 0 Link 3x clock 3x clock multiplier multiplier

Pixel clock 1x buffering 1x buffering Pixel clock

Logical channels Physical channel Period control signal Period control signal

Video encoding Link CH0 CH0 MHL+/MHL– Common Audio/video Audio/video Common TMDS Data island MHL stream mode Decryption and control Content Content and control Encryption mode MHL stream decoding encoding demodulaton CH1 logic logic CH1 modulaton 0x00 CH1 CH0 CH1 CH0 MHL clock MHL clock CH1 CH0 CH1 CH0 16 bit per pixel are transferred Control period t t t t 3 2 1 0 4x clock encoding t3 t2 t1 t0 2x clock multiplier multiplier

Pixel clock ½x multiplier PackedPixel mode 2x multiplier Pixel clock

TMDS protocol video and audio formats Supported video formats 3D video modes Pixel encoding Supported color spaces TMDS is used to carry all audio and video data as well as auxiliary data (such as InfoFrame packets) that describes the active audio and video streams. The bit stream is modulated by a clock signal. In 24-bit mode, MHL uses a Index Mode Refresh Index Mode Refresh 3D mode YCbCr 4:2:2 SD: ITU-R Rec. BT.601 single differential channel to transmit TMDS data that, for example, is carried over three different channels in DVI. 1 640×480 (VGA) 59.94/60 4 1280×720p 59.94/60 top-bottom YCbCr 4:4:4 HD: ITU-R BT.709-5 The incoming three-channel data needs to be packed into one TMDS channel at the TX end and unpacked into three 2,3 720×480p 59.94/60 frame RGB 4:4:4 Additional: xvYCC, sYCC601, channels at the RX end. There is one TMDS encoder at the TX end and one TMDS decoder at the RX end. TX data 17,18 720×576p 50 sequential AdobeYCC601, AdobeRGB is multiplexed into a single lane prior to being encoded. RX data is decoded prior to being demultiplexed into three 4 1280×720p 59.94/60 19 1280×720p 50 top-bottom lanes. In PackedPixel mode, only two channels are multiplexed: channel 0 and channel 1. One clock period of the 19 1280×720p 50 frame Audio formats MHL clock equals two periods of the pixel clock. Each period of the MHL clock transmits four TMDS characters. sequential 5 1920×1080i 59.94/60 L-PCM 8 channel audio Glossary: 5 1920×1080i 59.94/60 left-right CBUS = MHL link control bus, DVI = digital visual interface, E-EDID = enhanced extended display identifi cation data, GND = ground, 20 1920×1080i 50 Channel assignment in line with CEA-861E 20 1920×1080i 50 left-right HD = high defi ntion, HDCP = high-bandwidth digital content protection, HDMI = high defi nition multimedia interface, MHL = mobile high- 16 1920×1080p 59.94/60 Supported audio sample rates defi nition link, MSC = MHL sideband channel, RAP = request action protocol, RCP = remote control protocol, SD = standard defi nition, 32 1920×1080p 24 top-bottom TMDS = transition-minimized differential signaling, UCP = UTS-8 character protocol, USB = universal serial bus, VBUS = MHL voltage bus 31 1920×1080p 50 32 kHz 48 kHz frame Sources: MHL Specifi cation 34 1920×1080p 30 sequential 44.1 kHz 96 kHz 6,7 720 (1440)×480i 59.94/60 88.2 kHz 192 kHz Rohde & Schwarz as a valued partner of consumer electronics manufacturers offers test and measurement solutions for MHL. 21,22 720 (1440)×576i 50 176.4 kHz

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Glossary:

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Audio formats Audio 918×2p50 1280×720p 19

frame frame MHL clock equals two periods of the pixel clock. Each period of the MHL clock transmits four TMDS characters. characters. TMDS four transmits clock MHL the of period Each clock. pixel the of periods two equals clock MHL

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Index Mode Refresh 3D mode 3D Refresh Mode Index Refresh Mode Index SD: ITU-R Rec. BT.601 Rec. ITU-R SD: 4:2:2 YCbCr

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Supported color spaces color Supported encoding Pixel modes video 3D formats video Supported

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TMDS protocol video and audio formats audio and video protocol TMDS

½x multiplier ½x clock Pixel

Pixel clock Pixel multiplier 2x PackedPixel mode PackedPixel

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0 1 2 3

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Control period Control

CH1 CH0 CH1 CH0 16 bit per pixel are transferred are pixel per bit 16 MHL clock MHL

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encoding CH1 logic demodulaton

mode control and MHL stream MHL Encryption Content

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Common Audio/video

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MHL+/MHL– CH0

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Period control signal control Period

Period control signal control Period Logical channels Physical channel Physical channels Logical

Pixel clock Pixel buffering 1x 1x buffering 1x clock Pixel

3x clock multiplier clock 3x multiplier

Link

0 1 2 3x clock 3x

t t t encoding

0 1 2 t t t

Control period Control

CH0 CH1 CH2 MHL clock MHL

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CH2

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of the sink device by reading the EDID data structure data EDID the reading by device sink the of

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A mechanism allowing source and sink devices to detect connectivity to an MHL-compliant sink and source device, respectively device, source and sink MHL-compliant an to connectivity detect to devices sink and source allowing mechanism A

The VBUS provides up to 5 V/900 mA power between sink (e.g. TV) and source (e.g. mobile phone). mobile (e.g. source and TV) (e.g. sink between power mA V/900 5 to up provides VBUS The The point-to-point single-wire CBUS provides the following functionality: following the provides CBUS single-wire point-to-point The

MHL voltage bus (VBUS) bus voltage MHL (CBUS) bus control link MHL

GND

MHL+ 17,11,5

7 GND

CBUS

GND

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Receiver end (RX end) = sink = end) (RX end Receiver source = end) (TX end Transmitter

Interfaces and pin assignment pin and Interfaces

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transmitted via one of the other pins. The 5 V line is used to charge the mobile device while while device mobile the charge to used is line V 5 The pins. other the of one via transmitted are signals control The port. USB micro the on pins

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Technical overview Technical

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MHL (Mobile High-deﬁ nition Link) Technical Overview 3 _ d

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