4 Affected Environment
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Affected Environment 4 1 4 Affected Environment 2 Chapter 4, Affected Environment, provides a description of the current natural, social, 3 economic, and cultural environments for the St. Elizabeths West Campus. The purpose of this 4 chapter is to provide sufficient information about existing conditions to evaluate the potential 5 impact on the human environment from the proposed action. 6 Information on the affected environment associated with the St. Elizabeths East Campus is also 7 provided within this chapter at a programmatic level. This information provides an overview of 8 the existing conditions on the North Campus parcel of the East Campus. If GSA selects 9 Alternative 5 (see Section 3.C.5), detailed NEPA analysis will be undertaken to assess impacts 10 resulting from development on the North Campus parcel in accordance with 40 CFR 1508.28. 11 This detailed NEPA analysis will also include a more in depth analysis of the affected 12 environment associated with the East Campus. 13 This chapter has been divided into two sections: 1) Issues Eliminated from Further Analysis; and 14 2) Programmatic Impact Analysis for the North Parcel of the East Campus and a Detailed 15 Impact Analysis of the West Campus. Impact Topics analyzed are divided into the following 16 sections: 17 Section 4.b, Cultural Resources (NHL analysis) 18 Section 4.c, Natural Resources 19 Section 4.d, Social and Economic Resources 20 Section 4.e, Air 21 Section 4.f, Noise 22 Section 4.g, Traffic 23 Section 4.h, Utilities 24 Section 4.i, Environmental Contamination Final EIS Volume I – Campus Redevelopment 4-1 4 Affected Environment 1 4.A Issues Identified and those Eliminated from Detailed Study 2 Environmental studies conducted for this Environmental Impact Statement revealed that certain 3 resources are either not present in the study area or would be affected negligibly by the project. 4 Negligible effects are effects that are localized and immeasurable at the lowest level of detection. 5 These resources are briefly discussed below, along with the rationale for not including them in 6 this EIS. No further study on these topics is necessary and minimization and mitigation 7 measures are not indicated. 8 4.A.1 Coastal Zone Management 9 The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 authorizes the Virginia Coastal Program, which 10 relies on a network of state agencies and local governments to administer the laws, regulations, 11 and policies that protect coastal resources. The District of Columbia has no designated Coastal 12 Zone, nor has it developed a Coastal Zone Management Plan under the Coastal Zone 13 Management Act; therefore this topic was eliminated from detailed study because the proposed 14 action would not cause an impact to the coastal zone. 15 4.A.2 Floodplain Management 16 Executive Order 11988 requires Federal agencies to evaluate the potential effects of any actions 17 it may take place in a floodplain and to ensure that development plans consider flood hazards 18 and floodplain management requirements. 19 The floodplain of concern is usually the 100-year floodplain, which is defined as the area subject 20 to a 1 percent or greater chance of flooding in any given year. For certain critical actions, which 21 are those actions for which even a slight chance of flooding would be too great, the 500-year 22 floodplain is the area of concern. The 500-year floodplain is defined as an area subject to a 0.2 23 percent chance of flooding in a given year. 24 GSA’s Floodplain Management Desk Guide provides an eight-step process to assess and address 25 floodplain effects: 26 Step 1: Determine whether the action will occur in, or stimulate development in, a 27 floodplain. 4-2 Final EIS Volume I – Campus Redevelopment Affected Environment 4 1 Step 2: Identify and evaluate practicable alternatives to locating in or affecting the 2 floodplain. 3 Step 3: Public review/input of the proposed action. 4 Step 4: Identify the impacts of the proposed action if it were to occur in a floodplain. 5 Step 5: Minimize threats to life, property and to natural and beneficial floodplain values, and 6 restore and preserve natural and beneficial floodplain values. 7 Step 6: Reevaluate alternatives in light of any new information that may have become 8 available. 9 Step 7: Issue findings and a public explanation. 10 Step 8: Implement the action. 11 According to the FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) for Washington, DC (Panel 110001 12 0025 B), the St. Elizabeths West Campus is located within Flood Zone C, which represents areas 13 of minimal flooding. The West Campus is adjacent to Flood Zone B, which represents the 500- 14 year floodplain. 15 The St. Elizabeths West Campus is not within the 100-year floodplain. For this reason, there 16 would be no impacts to floodplains under the proposed action; therefore, this impact topic was 17 dismissed from further analysis. 18 4.B Cultural Resources (NHL analysis) 19 According to 36 CFR 800.16(d), the Area of Potential Effect for a project is ―the geographic 20 area or areas within which an undertaking may directly or indirectly cause changes in the 21 character or use of historic properties, if such properties exist. The area of potential effects is 22 influenced by the scale and nature of the undertaking and may be different for different kinds of 23 effects caused by the undertaking.‖ 24 Primary and secondary Areas of Potential Effects (APEs) for the St. Elizabeths redevelopment 25 were established during consultation pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic 26 Preservation Act and revised as the undertaking was revised. The project team reviewed the 27 District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites, the National Register of Historic Places, the Final EIS Volume I – Campus Redevelopment 4-3 4 Affected Environment 1 Virginia Historic Landmarks Register, and National Historic Landmarks to identify currently 2 listed and eligible historic resources in the vicinity of St. Elizabeths. The District of Columbia 3 Historic Preservation Office and consulting parties also provided input into the compilation of 4 listed and eligible resources. 5 The primary and secondary Areas of Potential Effects established for the Draft Environmental 6 Impact Statement were developed through site visits, field work, photographic studies, and 7 discussions with consulting parties. Since that time, transportation studies have determined that 8 MLK Avenue would need to be widened to accommodate traffic entering St. Elizabeths West 9 Campus at the two existing gates on MLK. GSA has identified two options to address this need, 10 each taking land from St. Elizabeths’ East Campus to accomplish the widening. Option 2 11 requires the largest amount of land, taking a strip approximately 30 feet in width along the entire 12 MLK Avenue frontage of the East Campus. The project team has expanded the primary APE 13 to take in the area required to widen MLK Avenue and the North Campus parcel of the St. 14 Elizabeths East Campus (see Figure 4-1). The primary APE includes areas that will potentially 15 be physically and visually affected by the proposed action (St. Elizabeths West Campus, plus 16 portions of St. Elizabeths East Campus and Shepherd Parkway). 17 Due to the prominence of St. Elizabeths’ location on high ground above the Anacostia River, 18 visual effects of the undertaking cover a broad area. The secondary APE includes the area that 19 may be visually effected by the proposed action and includes St. Elizabeths’ East Campus, parts 20 of the Civil War Fort Sites and Fort Circle Parks System (including Shepherd Parkway), the 21 Anacostia Historic District, Congress Heights National Register-eligible Historic District, the 22 Frederick Douglass National Historic Site, the Congress Heights Fire Station, Suitland Parkway, 23 East Potomac Park, Fort McNair, the Washington Navy Yard Annex National Register-listed 24 Historic District, George Washington Memorial Parkway, Ronald Reagan-National Airport, 25 Bolling Air Force Base, and the Washington Navy Yard. The East Campus is included in the 26 National Historic Landmark designation for St. Elizabeths, and the Washington Navy Yard 27 Historic District is also a National Historic Landmark. Field work and photographic surveys 28 showed that construction contemplated in the undertaking would be only minimally visible from 29 Alexandria Historic District, the Pentagon, the Custis-Lee Mansion, and Arlington National 30 Cemetery. 31 4-4 Final EIS Volume I – Campus Redevelopment Affected Environment 4 1 2 Figure 4-1. Historic Resources and Areas of Potential Effect Final EIS Volume I – Campus Redevelopment 4-5 4 Affected Environment 1 During early consultation for the proposed action, the Section 106 consulting parties agreed that 2 the contributing resources listed in the St. Elizabeths NHL documentation should be used in 3 evaluating impacts from the development of the West Campus. The NHL documentation 4 identifies 82 contributing buildings, sites, and structures, 62 of which exist on the West Campus. 5 (The Tool House, #19, no longer exists). The contributing buildings are listed in Table 4-1, and 6 illustrated in Figure 4-2. 7 The consulting parties also agreed that landscape features cited in the Historic Resources 8 Management Plan (HRMP) should be used in evaluating impacts from to landscape features. A 9 Cultural Landscape Report (CLR), which updates and expands the findings of the HRMP, was 10 being prepared for GSA as consultation continued, but was not available for review in the 11 preparation of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement. GSA released the ―St. Elizabeths 12 Hospital West Campus Cultural Landscape Report‖ for review in July 2008, and this Final 13 Environmental Impact Statement incorporates information from this document.