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Polychactcs from Inter Tidal Areas in Panama, with a Review of Previous Shallow-Water Records

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Polychactcs from Inter Tidal Areas in Panama, with a Review of Previous Shallow-Water Records Polychactcs from Inter tidal Areas in Panama, with a Review of Previous Shallow-Water Records KRISTIAN FAUCHALD SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 221 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world cf science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover. S. Dillon Ripley Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 221 Polychaetes from Intertidal Areas in Panama, with a Review of Previous Shallow-Water Records Kristian Fauchald SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1977 ABSTRACT Fauchald, Kristian. Polychaetes from Intertidal Areas in Panama, with a Re- view of Previous Shallow-Water Records. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 221, 81 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables, 1977.—A total of 180 species are listed from both coasts of Panama. The material includes specimens collected by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and specimens previously re- ported by Monro and Hartman in a series of papers. Newly described species are Aphrodita diplops, Eupanthalis perlae, Eunereis paitillae, Neanthes galetae, Neanthes pseudonoodti, Nereis panamensis, Marphysa amadae, Isolda bipin- nata, and Euthelepus pascua. The eastern Pacific Ocean appears to be more species-rich than the western Atlantic, and relatively fewer species appear wide- spread in the Pacific than in the Atlantic Ocean. This fact may be because most of the sampling has been done on hard substrates in the Atlantic, while more diverse areas have been sampled in the Pacific. Generally, hard-substrate poly- chaetes are more widely dispersed than soft-bottom forms. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SEMES COVER DESICN- The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Fauchald, Kristian. Polychaetes from intertidal areas in Panama, with a review of previous shallow-water records. (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 221) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Polychaeta—Panama. 2. Polychaeta—Pacific Ocean. I. Title. II. Series: Smithsonian Insti- tution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 221 QL1.S54 no. 221 [QL391.A6] 591.5 [595M47'097287] 76-6967 Contents Page Introduction 1 Family Aphroditidae 2 Family Polynoidae 4 Family Polyodontidae 7 Family Sigalionidae 9 Family Chrysopetalidae 10 Family Amphinomidae 11 Family Phyllodocidae 13 Family Hesionidae 16 Family Pilargiidae 17 Family Syllidae 17 Family Nereidae 22 Family Nephtyidae 33 Family Glyceridae . 34 Family Goniadidae 35 Family Onuphidae 35 Family Eunicidae 37 Family Lumbrineridae 43 Family Arabellidae 44 Family Lysaretidae 45 Family Dorvilleidae 46 Family Orbiniidae 46 Family Spionidae 47 Family Magelonidae 48 Family Chaetopteridae 48 Family Cirratulidae 49 Family Flabelligeridae 51 Family Opheliidae 52 Family Capitellidae 52 Family Maldanidae 53 Family Oweniidae 53 Family Sabellariidae 53 Family Ampharetidae 55 Family Terebellidae 56 Family Trichobranchidae 60 Family Sabellidae 60 Biogeography 63 Literature Cited 69 Index 76 Polychaetes from Intertidal Areas in Panama, with a Review of Previous Shallow-Water Records Kristian Fauchald Introduction pies. The number of soft-bottom forms is underesti- mated and, especially, the smaller forms are missing. Intertidal polychaetes were collected from Pan- The rocky shores sampled on either side of the isth- amanian rocky shores in connection with a study mus differ in physiography and algal coverage; they of the effects of oil pollution at Galeta Reef in the were sampled for ecological representation, not for Atlantic Ocean, and at Paitilla Beach on the Pa- comparative faunistic studies, so the samples give cific side of Panama. A representative sample of a relatively poor picture of the total polychaete the polychaetes were submitted to me for identifi- fauna of the area. Nevertheless, a comparison be- cation. This sample contains 90 species representing tween the fauna of the Atlantic and Pacific coast- most of the common shallow-water families. lines of Panama is instructive and is given below. Polychaetes from Panama have been mainly re- SAMPLING OF THE ROCKY SHORES.—The Atlantic ported by Hartman in a series of papers from the site at Galeta Island reef flats has a dead coral sub- Allan Hancock Foundation and by Monro in four strate and offers five different zones. The Pacific papers (1928a, 1928b, 1933a, 1933b). Very few of site at Paitilla Beach has an andesite rock substrate the species reported by Hartman and Monro were and has several zones, of which only the lower and recovered in the recent collections, but other mem- middle intertidal zones were sampled. Each sample bers of the same families or genera were found. covered a relatively small area but was quantita- This made a complete review of all available ma- tive, and sampling was repeated over a two-year terials necessary. 2 period. An area of i/8 m was sampled on each oc- At present, 180 species of polychaetes are known casion in each zone, and a serious effort was made from Panama. An additional 18 taxa are identified to sort out all macro-invertebrates, defined for this as to genus, but are known to be different from the purpose as all animals more than 1. mm in one species already named from the area. Nine species dimension. are newly described. The Atlantic samples were first subjected to The overall sampling is skewed since the recent live sorting, in which algal tufts were shaken over sampling on rocky shores was quantitative and com- a tray of sea water. The samples were then refrig- prehensive, while samples from sandy and muddy erated in water for several hours or overnight. This bottoms taken between 1914 and 1937 consisted refrigeration brought out many of the polychaetes largely of dredge samples and informal shovel sam- that were burrowed in the coral substrate. Finally the coral fragments were broken up into one-inch Kristian Fauchald, Allan Hancock Foundation, University of fragments, and this rubble was sorted through for Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007. the remainder of the animals. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY In the field, the Pacific samples were preserved grateful to both for their help. Most of the writing in 10 percent formalin and sorted later in the lab- of this paper was done at the Santa Catalina Ma- oratory under a dissecting microscope. The large rine Biological Laboratory, and I thank Dr. Russel barnacles often contained polychaetes; these were L. Zimmer for making laboratory space and other obtained by scraping the outer and inner surfaces facilities available to me. Mrs. Elaine Jahn did the of the tests so that the parietal canals of the barna- typing and helped put the whole paper together, cles were opened. for which I am very grateful. The samples are referred to in the systematic sec- Type specimens deposited in the National Mu- tion without specific reference to the collector. The seum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, different zones and the collecting dates for the carry the catalog number of the former United rocky intertidal samples are summarized below. States National Museum (USNM). Type specimens in the Hancock collections carry the designation ATLANTIC OCEAN "Poly." Acanthophora Zone Laurencia Zone Mangrove Zone Family APHRODITIDAE 20 Oct 70 1 Sep70 23 Apr 71 22 Oct 70 8 Oct 70 3 May 73 23 Oct 70 Thalassia Zone Aphrodita diplops, new species 8 Aug 73 26 Oct 70 7Sep70 FIGURE Ib-f 27 Oct 70 29 Sep 70 Coralline Zone 1 Feb 71 3OSep7O MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Galeta Reef, Laurencia 8Sep70 17 Feb 71 2 Oct 70 Zone (2, holotype, USNM 53084; paratype, USNM 2 Oct 70 15 Jun 71 7 Apr 71 9 Oct 70 18 Jun 71 26 Jul 71 53085). 3 Mar 71 2 Oct 71 2 Oct 71 DESCRIPTION.—The type is a ripe female, 25 mm 8 Aug 71 26 Oct 71 7 Jun 72 long and 5 mm wide with setae, with 36 setigers. 13 Jun 72 8 Feb 72 The body is cylindrical and abruptly tapering at 14 Mar 73 21 Mar 72 Zoanthus Zone 26 Mar 72 both ends. The ventrum is densely studded with 28 Oct 70 small papillae. The thin dorsal felt is dull gray- 27 Mar 72 30 Oct 70 17 Apr 72 colored. 20Jul72 The prostomium (Figure \e) is more wide than 26 Mar 73 long with two very prominent ocular peduncles; PACIFIC OCEAN the facial tubercle is large. Each ocular peduncle has a pair of large eyes and a single smaller eye.
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