9693 CONGRESSIONAL _RECORD_-HOUSE JULY 30 field: Provided, That the foregoing appropriation shall be in addi­ CONFIRMATIONS tion to and shall be covered into and accounted for as a part of the "Tennessee Valley Authority Fund, 1941," as established by the Exeeutive nominatiOns confirme·d by the Senate July 30 Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1941: Provided further, That (legislative day of July 29), 1940 purchases may be made by the Authority during the fiscal year 1941 without regard to the provisions of section 3709 of the Revised WAR DEPARTMENT Statutes and section 9 (b) of the Tennessee Valley Authority Act, Robert Porter Patterson to be Assistant Secretary of War. as amended, when in the judgment of the Board of Directors of the Authority such a procedure will expedite the completion of projects POSTMASTER determined to be essential for national defense purposes by the OKLAHOMA Advisory Commission of the Council of National Defense: Provided further, That the extent and location of the transmission lines James W. Blair, Clayton. provided for herein shall receive the approval of such Commission. . Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate proceed to the consideration of the House HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES joint resolution. In making the request for unanimous con­ TUESDAY, JULY 30, 1940 sent, I wish to say that the House joint resolution is exactly The House met at 12 o'clock noon. the same as the Senate joint resolution passed by the'Senate Rev. Bernard Braskamp, D. D., pastor of Gunton Temple earlier today, with the exception that on page 3, line 4, after Memorial Presbyterian Church; Washington, D. C., offered the word "defense" the following proviso was inserted by the the following prayer: House: . Provided further, That the extent and location of the trans­ Eternal and gracious God, with gladness and gratitude mission lines provided for herein shall receive the approval of we are coming unto Thee, for in the revelations of Thy pres­ sucl:_l Commission. ence and power we find our strength and hope. We pray that Meaning the Advisory Commission of the Council of Na- we may daily validate these revelations by the convincing and tional Defense. glorious certitude of an ever-enriching personal experience. Grant that the challenging Spirit of the Son of God may Mr.- DANAHER. · Mr. President, will the Senator yield? · permeate and dominate the minds and hearts of the Mem­ Mr. McKELLAR. I yield. bers of this legislative body as they address themselves to the Mr. DANAHER. Inviting the Senator's attention to the duties and responsibilities of this day. House joint resolution, does he not mean page 3, line 5? We pray that men everywhere may be eager to participate The word "defense" appears in line 3 and again in line 5. · in a new spirit of fellowship and understanding. May the Mr. McKELLAR. That is true in the Senate joint resolu­ will of men be good will and Thy ways their ways. Help tion. I had the House joint resolution before me. It is line our humanity to see that the greatest securities for all are 4, page 3, of the House joint resolution. In other word$, not in weapons of warfare, but in the implements of welfare. after the last word in the joint resolution that proviso was when swords are beaten into plowshares and spears into inserted. pruning hooks, and when men give their allegiance to the Mr. DANAHER. I thank the Senator from Tennessee. Prince of Peace who shal) rule not with the rod of iron but Mr. McKELLAR. . I renew my request for unanimous con­ with the scepter of justice and .righteousness. sent that the Senate proceed to the consideration of the House In Christ's name we pray. Amen. joint resolution. The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and There being no objection, the joint resolution United States, which sent that the President pro tempore be authorized to sign the was read by the Clerk and referred to the Committee on enrolled House Joint Resolution 583 during the recess or Military Affairs and ordered to be printed: adjournment of the Senate. The PRESIDENT pro· tempore. Is there objection? The THE WHITE HOUSE, Chair hears none, and it is so ordered. The SPEAKER, Washington. REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON MILITARY AFFAIRS · House of Representatives. Mr. SHEPPARD, from the Committee on Military Affairs, DEAR MR. SPEAKER: The increasing seriousness of the inter­ to which was referred the joint resolution (S. J. Res. 286) to national situation demands that every element of our defense strengthen the common defense and to authorize the Presi­ structure be brought as rapidly as possible to the highest state dent to order members and units of reserve components and of- efficiency, in training as well as in equipment and material. retired personnel of the Regular Army into active military !!'he National Guard of the United States, an integral and service, reported it with amendments and submitted a report vital part of the Army, comprises a body of men who have

su~cess in combat. Our .citizen soldiery, no matter how will­ legislative program, I may be permitted to address the House ing and earne.ot, cannot possibly attain the necessary degree for 25 minutes. of efficiency through their normal training activities. Even The SPEAKER. Is there objection? our professional soldiers required months of intensive train­ There was no objection. ing to ·bring them to their present satisfactory state. We EXTENSION OF REMARKS know too well the tragedy that ensues when inadequately Mr. LUDLOW. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to trained men are assailed by a more skillful adversary. extend my remarks very briefly in the RECORD. Some weeks ago I asked the Congress for authority to order The SPEAKER. Is there objection? the National Guard into active service should an emergency There was no objection. require this action when your body was not in session. That Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex- proposal is no longer sufficient, as I am now convinced that . tend my remarks and include a letter from a constituent. the security of the Nation demands that this component of The SPEAKER. Is there objection? our Army be brought to the highest possible state of training There was no objection. efficiency more rapidly thari its present program permits. Mr. KUNKEL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Moreover, this group of men, who of necessity must be among extend my remarks in the RECORD and to include therein a the first to fight in the Nation's defense, have a right to the letter from Lt. Col. Albert H. Stackpole. best preparation that time and circumstance permit. · The SPEAKER. Is there objection? Realizing as I do the personal sacrifice that a period of There was no objection. extended active duty demands of the National Guard, I have deferred until now any request for immediate action in this WAR-RISK INSURANCE respect. ·I cannot, with clear conscience, longer postpone this Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, I ask vitally essential step in our progress toward adequate pre­ unanimous consent to proceed for 1 minute and to revise and paredness, and I am therefore transmitting herewith legis­ extend my remarks. lation that, if enacted, will enable me to order the National The SPEAKER. Is there objection? Guard of the United States to active service for such period of There was no objection. intensive training as may be necessary to raise its efficiency Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, today I to a point comparable with that of our small Regular Estab­ have introduced the following resolution: lishment. Notwithstanding the provisions of existing law, any member of If this authority is granted, I propose to order the guard the National Guard called into the service for training, for State service, or when called into the service of the United States by to duty in successive increments to permit the effective use Presidential proclamation shall be eligible for and entitled to apply of training facilities and equipment immediately available. for United States Government life insurance under the provisions Each increment will, of course, be released when it attains the of sections 300 and 311, World War Veterans' Act, as amended, from and within 120 days after the date of reporting for training, for desired state of efficiency. State service, or for Federal service. Of equal importance is the Officers' Reserve Corps. This splendid body of officers has had little opportunity for service Mr. Speaker, clearly it seems to me that those who enter with troops, and to the maximum extent possible their train .. training in the National Guard, called into State service, or ing should now be perfected by an adequate period of active called into Federal service are entitled to take out war-risk service. If ordered to active duty, they can acquire the de­ insurance if they wish to. We expect men today to go into sired efficiency and at the same time supply the increased training for their country and to offer their services for their need for officers in our expanded Regular Army. The au­ country in that way, and surely they are entitled to the bene­ thority I am requesting is therefore drawn so as to include fits and protection of Government insurance. the Officers' Reserve Corps. I earnestly hope that my resolution will be adopted. I ask your earnest consideration of this program and your [Applause.] prompt and favorable action thereon. [Here the gavel fell.] Very sincerely yours, EXTENSION OF REMARKS FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT. Mr. LELAND M. FORD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend .my remarks and to include two items, one EXTENSION OF REMARKS from the Los Angeles Examiner, Perkins Accused of Harboring Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to 700 Alien Lawbreakers; and the other a resolution by the extend my remarks in the RECORD and include a report from County Supervisors Association of California. the enforcement agencies of the Treasury Department. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? The SPEAKER. Is there objection? There was no objection. There was no objection. DEPORTATION OF HARRY BRIDGES PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE Mr. LELAND M. FORD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous Mr. KELLER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to consent to proceed for 1 minute. deliver an address before this House next Thursday after The SPEAKER. Is there objection? everything else is done and most everybody has gone home. There was no objection. The SPEAKER. For how long does the gentleman wish to Mr. LELAND M. FORD. Mr. Speaker, I would like to read address the House? to the House ·Resolution No. 9 passed by the County Super­ Mr. KELLER. For 1 hour, if necessary. I want to talk visors Association of California: on the question of preparedness. I think my training, expe­ Whereas our democracy is now being threatened by enemy agents rience, observation, and writing on that subject may enable engaging in subversive and un-American activities to our detri" me to offer to the House some vital advice or suggestions. ment; and The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. Whereas the House of Representatives of the United States has already approved legislation directing that Harry Bridges, C. I. 0. Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, the organizer, now operating on the west coast, be immediately de­ gentleman spoke about speaking to the House when most of ported from the United States; and the Members had gone home. The gentleman ought to Whereas such legislation is now pending before the Unite.d States Senate for action by that body: Now, therefore, be it deliver that address when they are here. Resolved · by the County Supervisors Association of California, The SPEAKER. The Chair hears no objection, and it is so meeting in annual convention, at Oakland, Calif., on June 21, 1940, ordered. hereby declares that it strongly urges and supports concurrence by the United States Senate, in the action already taken by the House Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ of Representatives in directing the deportation of Harry Bridges, ·mous consent that on Monday next, at the conclusion of the C. I. 0. organizer, now operating in C_alifornia, and that we further 9692 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 30 strongly approve and support any legislation to deport any known Caldwell Ferguson Maas Sasscer alien enemy engaged in subversive or un-American activities against Camp Fernandez Magnus<:in Schaefer, Til. the United States. Cannon, Fla. Flaherty Marcantonio Seger Casey, Mass. Folger Martin, Ill. Shanley [Applause.] Celler Ford, Thomas F. Mason Shannon Chapman Fries Merritt Sheridan EXTENSION OF REMARKS Clark Goodwin Mitchell Smith, Ill. Mr. BENDER asked and was given permission to revise and Connery Green Myers Smith, W.Va. Creal Hall, Edwin A. Norrell Sparkman extend his own remarks in the RECORD. Cummings Harrintgon Norton Spence Mr. HARTLEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent Curtis Houston O'Day Sullivan D'Alesandro Jacobsen O'Leary Thomas, N.J. to extend my own remarks in the RECORD, and to inclUde there­ Darrow Jenks, N.H. Osmers Tolan in a brief editorial by Meador Wright. Delaney Jones, Ohio O'Toole Vincent, Ky. The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. Dies Kennedy, Md. Parsons Vreeland Ditter Kleberg Patrick Wadsworth There was no objection. Drewry Larrabee Risk Welch Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Englebright Luce Ryan White, Idaho extend my own remarks in the RECORD and to include therein Evans McGranery Sacks White, Ohio an editorial. The SPEAKER. Three hundred and forty-four Members The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the have answered to their names. A quorum is present. gentleman from Michigan?? On motion of Mr. RAYBURN, further proceedings under the There was no objection. call were dispensed with. Mr. JONKMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ADDITIONAL APPROPRIATION, FISCAL YEAR 1941, TENNESSEE VALLEY extend my own remarks in the RECORD and to include therein AUTHORITY an editorial from the Grand Rapids Herald. Mr. LEWIS of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, I call up House The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the Resolution 554 and ask for its immediate consideration. gentleman from Michigan The Clerk read the resolution, as follows: There was no objection. House Resolution 554 Mr. LAMBERTSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous con­ Resolved, That immediately upon adoption of this resolution it sent to extend my own remarks in the RECORD and to include shall be in order to move that the House resolve itself into the a letter. Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for con­ sideration of House Joint Resolution 583, a joint resolution making The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. an additional appropriation for the Tennessee Valley Authority for There was no objection. the fiscal year 1941 to provide facilities to expedite the national Mr. LECOMPTE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent defense. That after general debate, which shall be confined to the joint resolution and shall continue not to exceed 3 hours, to be to extend my own remarks in the RECORD and to include equally divided and controlled by the chairman and ranking therein a short resolution on the subject of Congress remain­ minority member of the Committee on Appropriations, the joint ing in session, and also dealing with "fifth column" activities. resolution shall be read for amendment under the 5-minute rule. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the At the conclusion of the reading of the joint resolution for amend­ ment, the Committee shall rise and report the same to the House gentleman from Iowa? with such amendments as may have been adopted, and the previous There was no objection. question shall be considered as ordered on the joint resolution and Mr. THILL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to amendments thereto to final passage without intervening motion extend my own remarks in the RECORD ahd to include therem except one motion to recommit. a short newspaper article. Mr. LEWIS of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, of the 1 hour to The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. which I am entitled on the rule, I yield 30 minutes to the There was no objection. gentleman from New York [Mr. FISH], and at this time I Mr. DUNCAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to yield myself 10 minutes. extend my own remarks and to include therein an editorial. Mr. Speaker, as the pending resolution which has just been The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. read indicates, this is a rule for consideration of House Joint There W3.S no objection. Resolution 583, making an additional appropriation of $25,- Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that 000,000 for the Tennessee Valley Authority for the fiscal year · in connection with remarks I expect to make in the Com­ 1941, to provide additional facilities for the production of mittee of the Whole later in the day I may be permitted to electric power, to expedite the national-defense program. revise and extend them and to include certain tables I have This is an open rule providing for 3 hours' general debate, prepared. after which the joint resolution-House Joint Resolution 583-will be read for amendment under the 5-minute rule. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the The purpose of the joint resolution which this rule makes in gentleman from New York? order will be fully explained by members of the Appropria­ There was no objection. tions Committee. In brief, the resolution provides for an COMMITTEE ON MILITARY AFFAIRS initial appropriation of $25,000,000 for a program of expan­ Mr. MAY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the sion the total cost of which will be $65,800,000. The expan­ House Committee on Military Affairs may sit during the sion program is as follows: Flrst, the construction of a storage sessions of the House the remainder of the week. dam and hydroelectric power plant on the Holston River, near The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the Jefferson City, Tenn.; second, the installation of two addi­ gentleman from Kentucky? tional 26,000-kilowatt generating units at Wilson Dam and There was no objection. one additional 36,000-kilowatt unit at Pickwick Dam; third, CALL OF THE HOUSE the construction of additional steam electric generating facili­ Mr. WOLCOTI'. Mr. Speaker, I make the point of order ties in the area served by the Authority, with an installed that a quorum is not present. capacity of approximately 120,000 kilowatts; and, fourth, the The SPEAKER. The Chair will count. [After counting.] construction of the transmission facilities needed to tie the One hundred and sixty-three Members are· present, not a generating facilities just mentioned into the Tennessee Valley quorum. Authority power system and to carry the power to market. Mr. RAYBURN. Mr. Speaker, I move a call of the House. This additional power is needed for the production of A call of the House was ordered. aluminum for the manufacture of airplanes and for other The Clerk called the roll, and the following Members failed purposes in the national-defense program. to answer to their names: Mr. William S. Knudsen in the course of his testimony before the Appropriations Committee-page 5 of the printed [Roll No. 170] hearings on the joint resolution--stated: Allen, Pa. Bates, Ky. Boykin Buck Anderson, Mo. Bell Bradley, Mich. Buckley, N.Y. My interest in this project is purely to see that we get aluminum Barry Bloom Bradley, Pa. Byron enough or duralumin enough to build the planes with. I suppose 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9693 • you know the average plane takes about 5 tons [of aluminu~]. project .will cost $36,000,000, will have a useful storage capacity of • • • Yes; that is the average, and my interest here in this 1,400,000 acre-feet, and will have an installed capacity of 90,000 project is to get aluminum enough for the planes, and the average kilowatts. The appropriation will provide $11,000,000 for initial quantity per plane is about 5 tons, meaning both in the frame expenditure on this project. This amount, together with $19,000,000 itself and in the parts of the motor that are made of aluminum, in the fiscal year 1942 and $6,000,000 in the fiscal year 1943, will such as the crankcase, pistons, and cylinder head. enable the Authority to have the storage from this project available in the spring of 1942 and the generating units at the site on the Mr. Speaker, the report of the Committee on Appropriations line in the fall of 1942. The storage and generating units at this so fully, clearly, and succinctly sets forth the purposes for project, together with additional generating units at Wilson and Pickwick Dams, as described below, will increase the continuous which this $25,000,000, and the additional amounts later to be firm-power capacity of the Tennessee Valley Authority power system asked for, will be used, that I ask unanimous consent to insert by 120,000 kilowatts. 1n the RECORD the committee's report at this point in connec­ "2. Generating units No. 11 and No. 12 at Wilson and No. 4 at tion with my remarks. Pickwick: The appropriation will provide $3,500,000 to start in­ stallation of two additional 26,000-kilowatt generating units at The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. Wilson Dam and one additional 36,000-kilowatt unit at Pickwick There was no objection. Dam. This amount, together with $1,800,000 in the fiscal year 1942, The report referred to follows: will enable the Authority to have these three units with a total capacity of 88,000 kilowatts on the line by the spring of 1942, at The Committee on Appropriations, to whom was referred the joint which time the storage from the Holston project will be available resolution (H. J. Res. 583) entitled "Joint resolution making an to increase the low-water fiow through all main river projects. addititonal appropriation for the Tennessee Valley Authority for "3. Steam-electric generating facilities: The appropriation will the fiscal year 1941 to provide facilities to expedite the national provide $7,500,000 to start construction of additional steam-electric defense," reports the measure without amendment and with a generating facilities in the area served by the Authority with an .recommendation for its early consideration and passage. installed capacity of approximately 120,000 kilowatts. This amount, The joint resolution carries an appropriation of $25,000,000 in together with $3,000,000 in the fiscal year 1942, will be sufficient accordance with the Executive recommendation in Senate Docu­ to have these facilities on the line by December 1941. '!'he Author­ ment No. 241 of the present session to enable the Tennessee Valley ity will be assisted in the planning and design of these facilities Authority to provide additional electrical generating capacity to by a nationally recognized engineering firm specializing in design meet the present and projected requirements for power from plants of steam plants. engaged and to be engaged in the manufacture of materials and "4. Transmission facilities: The appropriation . will provide supplies for national-defense purposes. The $25,000,000 carried in $3,000,000 to start construction of the transmission facilities needed the joint resolution is the initial appropriation of a program to to tie the generating facilities described above into the Tennessee cost $65,800,000. Valley Authority power system and to carry this power to the The expansion of Tennessee Valley Authority power facilities to market. It is estimated that an additional $6,000,000 in fiscal be undertaken under the appropriation is urgently pressed by the year 1942 and $5,000,000 in fiscal year 1943 will be required for this Advisory Commission of the Council of National Defense. There purpose." appeared before the committee in support of the program Mr. The completion of the above projects will increase the generating William S. Knudsen and Mr. Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., members of . capacity of the T. V. A. by 298,000 kilowatts. The emergency the Advisory Commission; Mr. Gano Dunn, power consultant of the schedule to be followed will make this capacity and the attendant Commission's staff; and Mr. David E. Lilienthal, vice chairman of continuous firm power available for use on the following dates: the Tennessee Valley Authority. The committee invites attention to the testimony of these gentlemen incorporated in the printed Installed Firm power, hearings in justification of the vital importance of the proposed Date Plant capacity, continuous, facilities to the national-defense program. kilowatts kilowatts There should not be any confusion in the public mind with respect to this proposal for the Tennessee Valley Authority. Irre­ spective of the present or past views of anyone with respect to the December 1941_. ______Steam______120,000 100,000 February 1942_ ------Pickwick No. 4_ ------36,000 govemmental policy involved in the Tennessee Valley Authority M arch 1942 ______Wilson No. 1L______26, 000 Act or the operations thereunder, this appropriation should be April1942 ___ "------Wilson No. 12------26,000 ------viewed and adjudged solely by its present bearing upon the Do ___ ------Holston storage, used down river 1_ ------80, 000 national-defense program. August 1942.------Holston No. 11 __ ------30,000 30, 000 September 1942 .. ____ _ Holston No.2 1__ ------30,000 10,000 The expansion of existing plants and facilities and the location of October 1942 ______new plants and facilities so necessary for production of equipment, Holston No. 31______30,000 material, and supplies for national defense depend upon many 298,000 220,000 factors, such as existing locations, power supply, transportation Total increase __ ------facilities, raw materials, strategical geographical location, housing, labor supply, etc. One of the principal materials used in airplane I At Cherokee Dam. production is aluminum, and larger-scale production of this mate­ The urgency of providing an appropriation now lies primarily in rial is dependent upon available power supply. In addition to the the time factor of water storage. Delay in starting work on the future needs for aluminum, other- plant expansion or creation for proposed storage dam and making contracts for generating equip­ defense needs are projected for the Tennessee Valley Authority area, ment may have the ultimate effect of a year's loss of time in the and the power program to be undertaken by the joint resolution initial utilization of additional water power. It is planned to have is very definitely tied into the projects and purposes that have been the Cherokee Dam ready to store the spring floodwaters of 1942. Pt:ovided for under defense appropriations and authorizations here­ Delay of weeks or even of days, considering the unforeseen contin­ tofore enacted at this session as well as those that are to be con­ gencies which may occur during construction causing further delay, sidered in connection with the new program outlined by the Presi­ may mean a defeat of these important features of national de­ dent in his message of yesterday. fense. Prompt initiation of work on the steam electric plant is A survey of power sources by the Advisory Commission indicates also highly necessary in order that it may be completed on schedule the Tennessee Valley Authority area offers a quick solution with and supplement water power generation during the low-water respect to securing additional power for aluminum production and season. the provision of facil1ties for the manufacture of other defense The joint resolution follows the customary terms of Tennessee equipment and materials. Fortunately the Tennessee Valley Au­ Valley Authority normal appropriations with one except ion. A thority development has reached such a stage that additional gen­ clause has been added suspending, during the fiscal year 1941, the erating facilities can be installed at existing dams and the provisions of existing law requiring competitive bidding, in order organization and plans are ready for starting immediate work on · to expedite completion of such projects as are determined to be es­ additional facilities. All existing power installations, both those sential to the national defense by the Advisory Commission of the of the Tennessee Valley Authority and private companies in ad­ Council of National Defense. This authority follows that granted joining territory, are now being taxed to the limit to meet normal to the military and na~al services in the emergency, and is an im­ demands, and presently scheduled installations will only care for portant factor in eliminating the very considerable delay that ensues normal growth in demands, without regard to the new demands of normally from advertisement, consideration of bids, and making of national defense. . awards under the competitive procedure. It should be remembered The total defense program for the Tennessee Valley Authority in this connection that a large proportion of the Tennessee Valley as initiated under the joint resolution involves a total of $65,800,000 Authority funds are expendable on construction labor under force on the following appropriation schedule: $25,000,000 for the fiscal account instead of by the contract method so that the waiving of year 1941, $29,800,000 for the fiscal year 1942, and $11,000,000 for competition will apply to procurement of materials, supplies, and the fiscal year 1943. It consists of (1) a storage project with power equipment, in connection with those projects determined to be installation at the site, (2) installation of additional capacity in essential to national defense by the Advisory Commission. empty stalls at existing down-river projects to utilize the added flow contributed by the storage project, (3) the construction of Mr. LEWIS of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, on July 9, 1940, additional steam electrical-generating facilities, and (4) the con­ hearing was had by the Subcommittee on the Deficiencies, of struction of the new transmission facilities required on account of the Appropriations Committee, on House Joint Resolution this added generating capacity. The following is a more detailed description of these projects: 583, which this rule makes in order. "1. Cherokee Dam: A storage dam and hydroelectric power plant At this hearing there appeared Mr. David E. Lilienthal, to be built on the Holston River near Jefferson City, Tenn. This vice chairman of the Baard of Directors. and Col. T. B. 9694 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 30 Parker, chief engineer, of the Tennessee Valley Authority, what I read in the hearings before the Committee on Appro­ each of whom emphasized the urgent need for the additional priations. Mr. Gano Dunn and Mr. Stettinius are claimed to facilities for which House Joint Resolution 583 provides the have gone on record before the committee for these appro­ initial appropriation. priations. Whether they did so merely in principle or There also appeared and strongly urged the vital necessity, whether they went into the details is a matter for the com­ in the interest of national defense, that this appropriation mittee members to make clear to the House. The Members should be made, Mr. Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., and Mr. Wil­ of the House, Republicans and Democrats alike, are entitled to liam S. Knudsen, members of the National Defense Advisory this information before they vote on this very large appropria­ Commission. They were accompanied by Mr. John D. Big­ tion for national defense. Every Member of the House, gers, deputy commissioner under Mr. Knudsen. whether he be a Democrat or a Republican, desires to vote Mr. Stettinius, it will be recalled, was formerly vice presi­ every single dollar that is necessary for adequate national dent of General Motors Corporation, and until he accepted as defense and for preparedness at the present time. a patriotic duty the President's appointment to the National Mr. Wendell Willkie is quoted in the hearings, and it is up Defense Advisory Commission was chairman of the board of to the members of the committee to make clear whether his directors and member of the finance committee of the United remarks apply to the entire bill or only to a part of the bill, States Steel Corporation. Mr. Knudsen, I believe you all or only to the bill in principle. For the benefit of the Mem­ know, was president of General Motors Corporation until he bers of the House and for their information I shall read from answered the President's call to duty. Mr. Biggers was pres­ the hearings. Mr. Gano Dunn, who is a very well known ident of the Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Co. All of these gen­ engineer, is the speaker. This appears on page 16 of the tlemen urged the importance of expediting the appropriating hearings: of funds necessary to provide the additional facilities of I would like to read a statement by Mr. Willkie into the record. T. V. A. for generation of power necessary for the production Here is what Mr. WiHkie said on that subject on June 15, when this of aluminum needed in the manufacture of airplanes. proposal was presented in a memorandum to the PresidEmt. On June 12 it was presented, and it became public, without our knowl­ With these gentlemen appeared Mr. Gano Dunn, one of edge. The reporters went ahead and saw Wendell Willkie, expecting the foremost electrical and mechanical engineers and con­ to get a grand slam from him against doing this thing. I will quote sultants of the United States. For many years Mr. Dunn has from this newspaper interview of June 14, in a Scripps-Howard paper. This is what Mr. Wil'lkie said: been and is now president of the J. G. White Engineering "Nothing is more important than defense, and there is nothing Corporation of New York, one of the oldest consulting and which might and will mask more political logrolling than the flag­ constructing engineering companies in the United States, waving variety of national defense. But if some impartial group, which designed and built the present 60,000-kilowatt steam the United States Army or its engineers, for instance, do say that the completion of these dams is a link in our national defense, the station of the Tennessee Valley Authority at Muscle Shoals. dams should be completed and as rapidly as those charged with our Mr. Dunn also stressed the vital importance of immediate defense think necessary." construction of the facilities for which House Joint Resolution That is a quotation from Mr. Willkie. 583 provides an initial appropriation. It is claimed that this entire project, amounting to $65,- At the hearing before the Committee on Rules on applica­ 800,000, will provide for 220,000 kilowatts, and that only tion for this rule, Mr. Stettinius and Mr. Dunn also appeared half, or less than half, of that amount is needed-somewhere and reiterated and strongly reemphasized their statements as between 65,000 and 85,000 kilowatts~in order to produce to the importance, in the interest of national defense, that sufficient aluminum for our airplane production in the future the additional facilities contemplated by the joint resolution and for certain powder plants, I believe two in number, and should be provided at the earliest possible moment. for other preparedness purposes; so that we do not actually Mr. Speaker, none of these gentleman to whom I ha.ve require the 220,000 kilowatts, and probably not half that just referred have in the pa.st been very ardent advocates of much. Therefore, as this issue is presented here, it is a the T. V. A. They have had many criticisms to offer, but question in my mind whether we should vote for the whole each and every one of them emphasized their conviction that bill or only that part we actually-need for national defense if we wish to carry out our national-defense program it is at the present time or in the immediate future. vitally essential that we make this appropriation without Mr. Speaker, in view of the fact that this is a national­ delay. I understand also that another eminent gentleman, defense measure, and further in view of the fact that just Mr. Wendell Willkie, the candidate for President on theRe­ before this Congress recessed several weeks ago, I put into publican ticket, made a statement strongly endorsing this the RECORD a letter from The Adjutant General of the United appropriation. It is my understanding that the gentleman States showing figures indicating that our volunteer system from New York [Mr. FISH] will call the attention of the House had not failed, that they had filled all the quotas they de­ to certain statements made by Mr. Willkie. If the gentleman manded in order to secure enlistments in the Regular Army, from New York [Mr. FISH] does not do so, or if I have been may I say that was quite a surprise to me as a Member of misinformed a.s to his intention to quote Mr. Willkie, I shall Congress, and it must be a surprise to other Members of take pleasure in quoting Mr. Willkie later in this debate. Congress. I was lead to believe, from reading the New York Mr. Speaker, I reserve the balance of my time and ask the Times and the New York Herald Tribune, and other papers gentleman from New York [Mr. FISH] to use some of his time. that are so enthusiastic about universal military con­ Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself 10 minutes. scription, that our volunteer system had broken down and Mr. Speaker, there is no opposition that I know of on this that we were unable to secure adequate enlistments in order side to the rule. The rule is fair and provides for the con­ to fulfill the quotas provided for by Congress. The highest sideration of this bill and for a fair and free discussion of it authority in the Army-The Adjutant General-put in writ­ on its merits. · ing a list of all the quotas that had been filled, showing that The proponents of the bill make the argument that the bill each quota had been filled on time and that in every instance is purely for national defense. It is quite clear that some where we asked for recruits those recruits were forthcom­ parts of the bill and possibly more than half the appropriation ing, something like 20,000 in the month of June alone. I are directly for needed national defense. The issue, there­ believe the Members of Congress, if they thought that the fore, is whether we should take the entire appropriation or volunteer system had failed, or if they knew that the volun­ just single out those parts that are essential to the continua­ teer system had failed, might then properly favor for the pur­ tion of the national-defense program. poses of national defense the universal military conscription Some of the witnesses before the committee who have bill. I want to go definitely on record in these few minutes always opposed Government operation and ownership have that I am opposed-- favored these appropriations or parts of the appropriations. Mr. COX. I should like to inquire of the gentleman if I would prefer to have the members of the Committee on he does not think he is getting somewhat far afield in the Appropriations themselves, particularly on the minority side, line of discussion he is now carrying on, when the question go into the details of the arguments, because all I know is before us is the adoption of a rule making in order the con- 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9695 sideration of a bill which extends the T. V. A.? We ought Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, will the gentle­ not to cheapen the procedure of presenting rUles by Mem­ man yield? bers claiming time and then taking advantage of the oppor­ Mr. FISH. I yield. tunity to discuss questions that are entirely foreign to the Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Why is it that the New Deal issue involved. compulsory military service bill, which was originally spon­ Mr. FISH. I have never seen the gentleman fail to take sored by the multimillionaire publisher of the New York any opportunity to say anything he wanted at any time in Times, from the gentleman's State, CoL Julius Ochs Adler, this House of Representatives-never-and I am not oppos­ exempts Members of Congress from its draft provisions? ing that either. Why should not Members of Congress be included, so that Mr. COX. Yes; but I always stand on my own feet and all gentlemen who vote for the bill may have an opportunity speak my own mind, and I am never caught traveling in two to be drafted and serve Uncle Sam for $21 a month, whether different directions at the same time. they come from the State of Georgia or from any other part Mr. FISH. The gentleman may stand on his own feet, of the country? but the gentleman is very often wrong. I do no.t yield any Mr. FISH. I cannot speak for the New York Times. I am more to the gentleman from Georgia. Let the gentleman talking against the principle of universaL military conscrip­ criticize anybody else, but I will take care of myself any time tion in time of peace and regimentation of that kind. If we the gentleman wants to start an argument. need it in time of war we will be for it, but why bring it up Mr. COX. I did not want to make a point of order against now when we can do away with the 3-year Army enlistments the gentleman. · and reduce the period of enlistment to 1 year and probably Mr. FISH. The gentleman is becoming a common scold get 1,000,000 American soldiers in a few months' time, and 1n this House. He is getting into the habit of criticizing we do not need any more than 1,000,000 soldiers in the present everybody. He is always right and everybody else is wrong. emergency. I know the gentleman is for universal military service, and Mr. BENDER. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? so does everybody else in the House, and that is the gentle­ Mr. FISH. I yield to the gentleman from Ohio. man's right, but do not try to cut off anybody who wants to Mr. BENDER. Is it not a fact that 22 years ago before speak against it in time of peace or until every effort has been voluntary enlistments were abandoned, there were 1,300,000 made to. exhaust the volunteer system. men who volunteered for service in the World War? Mr. COX. Well, Mr.· Speaker, if the gentleman insists, I Mr. FISH. I think the gentleman is correct. Members make the point of order-- of Congress should have some faith in the patriotism of our Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I do not yield to the gentleman. American youth, and if we need 1,000,000 American boys .to Mr. COX. That the gentleman is not in order in discussing serve in our volunteer forces in the Regular Army and the the universal draft. National Guard l am convinced that if we reduce the term Mr. FISH. I am speaking for national defense, and the to 1 year enlistment we will get at least a million men. We gentleman knows that the main purpose of this bill is national ought to give them a chance to serve instead of dragging in defense and I shall proceed. this conscription bill here. Whether it originates from the Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, I invoke the ruling of the Chair. New York Times or not I do not know, but I know this: It The SPEAKER. The gentleman will proceed in order on does not originate from the American Farm Bureau, from the resolution pending. the National Grange, from the American Federation of Labor or any labor organization. It may originate from the New Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, will the gentle­ York Times or it may r:ot, but it certainly does not represent man yield for a brief question? the viewpoint of the wage earners and the farmers of this Mr. FISH. I yield to the gentleman. country, and here we have it thrust upon us and we are told Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. The gentleman from New we cannot even discuss it under· the pending measure for York has been proceeding in order. This rule provides for national defense. the consideration of a bill which has been dressed up as a Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? national-defense measure, and the gentleman's discussion has Mr. FISH. I yield for a brief question. been well within the rules of the House. I sincerely hope Mr. STEFAN. Is it the sincere opinion and belief of the that he will not yield further to the gentleman from Georgia, gentleman that the voluntary program of enlistment has a champion of compulsory military training,· to interrupt his been exhausted? People in my district who are opposed to national-defense argument. conscription in peacetime are entitled to know now how much The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from New effort has been put forward to secure enlistments on the York has expired. popular voluntary basis. I want them to know the facts now. Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself 5 more minutes. Now will you tell us: Has the voluntary-enlistment program Mr. Speaker, this question of national defense is the biggest failed? Issue before the Congress and will continue to be the biggest Mr. FISH. I am glad the gentleman has asked me that single issue until we adjourn, and the facts should be put question. It is not my opinion, it is my knowledge, based on before the Members of the House. a letter of The Adjutant General, the highest authority in the I have already stated that the volunteer system has not Army, who states it has not failed, that the Army has filled failed, and if it does fail, then it is time to consider some every quota asked for, and I put this letter into the RECORD other kind of legislation. The proposed universal military of July 11 and it is a part of the record today. It is not my service or conscription bill, Mr. Speaker and Members of the opinion, because I do not know the number of enlistments, House, is the worst type of regimentation. For years past we but that is the record compiled by the War Department. on this side of the House have been opposing the regimenta­ I am definitely in favor of reducing the term of enlistment tion of the New Deal, and there are even some on the Demo­ from 3 years to 1 year. I believe if you do that it will solve cratic side who have joined with us, and I am thinking also the whole problem, and that you will get all of the volunteers of the gentleman from Georgia, who has often opposed regi­ you want in the next few months, and that the Regular Army mentation of the American people. It is now seriously pro­ and the National Guard will fill its quota, and you will have posed, before we find out that the volunteer system has failed, a· million men in the Regular Army and National Guard to go even further and regiment American youth and con­ combined. But until you have tried that out do not bring script them in time of peace. We should go slow and make in this conscription ·bill in time of peace and regiment the haste slowly before we import these foreign forms of mili­ American youth into a huge military machine as was done tarism and autocracy into America or bring Hitlerism by Hitler and other foreign dictators. This is not the Ameri­ over here. Our answer to the dictator nations is to make can way but the road to militarism and dictatorship. democracy work here and not to subvert by a military Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? dictatorship. Mr. FISH. Yes. 9696 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-.HOUSE JULY 30 Mr. RANDOLPH. While the. gentleman is discussing con­ that is preposterous, when we have the greatest Navy in the scription, or the so-called compulsory military training bill, world, seven times greater than the German Navy; or that I want the RECORD to show at this point that as one Member we should even fear Hitler and Mussolini together, to make it of Congress, I have been impressed with the opposition voiced necessary that we should rush in and draft two or three mil­ by my constituents to the measure as now prepared for lion American youth. We have the biggest Navy in the introduction and consideration in this body. The decision world and have an air force expanding at the potential rate we will make on this matter is of supreme importance. We of 800 airplanes a month. Yet we seem to be in a hysteria must proceed most carefully. of fear that America is about to be attacked, and that we Mr. FISH. And I go further to say that if that bill ever cannot take care of an enemy like Hitler, who is apparently comes out in its present form, it will never pass the House of afraid to send his Army 20 miles across the sea to attack Representatives. England. The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from New Mr. GIFFORD. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? York has expired. The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from New Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself 1 minute more. York has again expired. Mr. ROBSION of .Kentucky. Mr. Speaker, will the gentle­ Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself 1 minute more. man yield? I yield to the gentleman from Massachusetts. Mr. FISH. Yes. Mr. GIFFORD. Mr. Speaker, the gentleman is talking Mr. ROBSION of Kentucky. I commend the position the about a very important matter. In my largest town in the gentleman is taking, and notice -that the bill, according to the last issue of the paper there is an editorial stating that we newspaper accounts of it, includes for registration, men 64 have an armory and that we have a National Guard, and years old. I wonder if they are going to provide a cane with there is no one there now. They have all sorts of exhorta­ every man of that age for that training. tions for volunteers and airplanes dropping leaflets, they have Mr. FISH. In the name of common sense, if we are to have done everything they can, and there is not a single enlistment universal military conscription, the whole bill, in its present and the newspaper said they would not get any. And yet form, ought to be scrapped. If we are to have partial military you will spend $15,000,000,000 for armaments, without any conscription, we ought to bring in a bill limiting the ages from men to use it. I represent as patriotic a section as any. 19 to 24 or 19 to 25, because what we need are youth, not old How are you going to answer that? men to serve and fight. The bill as proposed is a monstrosity Mr. FISH. I do not know about the National Guard. I of regimentation that would devour our free institutions and do know about the Regular Army. However, I believe in . liberties and create a military dictatorship in the United the National Guard which is highly efficient and I do not States. want to see it undermined. If you will reduce the period Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, will the gentle­ of enlistment to 1 year you will get all the men you want for man yield? the Army and National Guard. But my opposition to this Mr. FISH. Yes. whole un-American proposition in time of peace is this, that Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. If the danger is so great that if you regiment American youth and bring over the European we have to pass this Col. Adolph Ochs Adler compulsory war system of conscription to the United States that is your military-service bill why should there not be included in that first step to creating a dictatorship in America, and I am bill a provision to draft and conscript wealth, including multi­ against it. [Applause.] millionaire Adolph Ochs Adler's millions to pay for the de­ [Here the gavel fell.] fense program, in view of the almost bankrupt condition of Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I yield the balance of my time to the Treasury of the United States? the gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. McLEAN]. The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from New The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New Jersey is recog-. York has again expired. nized for 10 minutes. Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself 2 minutes more. Mr. McLEAN. Mr. Speaker, I do not concur with the Mr. KELLER. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? gentleman from New York [Mr. FisH] that there is no opposi­ Mr. FISH. I cannot yield. I am very glad that the gentle­ tion or that there should be no opposition to this resolution. man from Wisconsin has raised that question. It is a matter I am opposed to the rule, and I think that anybody who purely of facts. The American Legion, in 1920 or 1921, went understands the background and the purposes of this bill on record in favor of a universal military-service bill. I at­ ought to vote against bringing it before the House at this tended that Legion convention, as did many others here, and time. · it was thought at that time that it meant military conscrip­ My reasons are, first, that it is not what it purports to be. tion in time of war. That was my interpretation of it, and It is not what it purports to be because it is not a national­ that it would include the drafting of wealth, labor, manpower, defense measure. It is a measure dressed up in the cloak of industry, and the veterans all together. Carrying out that national defense, the purpose of which is to enable the Ten­ :viewpoint, former Representative Royal Johnson, back in nessee Valley Authority to get more money out of the Treas­ about 1921, introduced a bill to conscript wealth and soldiers ury of the United States. in time of war. In the second place, I have great respect for Mr. Knudsen, Others of the House did the same. I did it several times. Mr. Stettinius, and Mr. Gano Dunn, and I am convinced that I am still for that principle, but that is not written into this those gentlemen are being deceived by those wb.o are behind Wadsworth-Burke bill. That has nothing to do with industry this measure-the people who are behind this measure out­ or wealth. That has to do with soldiers alone, and I am not side of the House, namely, the Tennessee Valley Authority. in favor of that principle except in time of war, and only in We all know that the Tennessee Valley Authority is domi­ time of peace if our volunteer system fails. nated by an individual by the name of David E. Lilienthal, Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. If it is necessary to draft one of the vice directors of the Board. men in time of peace, then the draft bill should include draft­ Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? ing wealth to pay for the defense ·program, and taking the Mr. McLEAN. Yes; I yield briefly . .wealth of these "multimillionaire draft men proponents" to Mr. DINGELL. Will the gentleman disclose who this mas­ pay the cost of preparing for and fighting wars which they ter mind happens to be that is fooling these gullible people, foment with their propaganda. Mr. Knudsen, Mr. Stettinius, and so on? Mr. FISH. The gentleman asked another question, and Mr. McLEAN. I have just stated, Mr. David E. Lilienthal, that is, Against whom is this bill. aimed? Whom do we in Vice Director of the Tennessee Valley Authority. America fear? That is a fair question. Do we fear Hitler, Mr. DINGELL. Where did the gentleman get that in­ who seems to be afraid of undertaking the adventure of formation? going 20 miles overseas to attack England, when he would Mr. McLEAN. I base that oil experience. The Tennessee have 3,000 miles to come over here? My own idea is that Valley Authority was incorporated, and they were instructed 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9697 to build a dam at Norristown in Tennessee, and they were · Mr. LEWIS of Colorado. Does the gentleman believe that given $40,000,000 with which to build it. They were told to Mr. Stettinius, Mr. Knudsen, and Mr. Gano Dunn are such operate Wilson Dam and they were told to make an investi­ gullible persons that they can be deceived by one clever man? gation of the Tennessee Valley and to recommend to Con­ Or does he believe they have made their recommendation on gress what further operations there ought to be down there, the basis of their experience, their investigation, and their so that the Congress could guide and direct their activities technical skill? and their further operations. It was not very long before Mr. McLEAN. How long did that investigation take? we learned that Mr. Lilienthal had been capable enough ta Three weeks, was it not? get the President to give him out of relief funds $75,000,000, Mr. DINGELL. It would not take Bill Knudsen 3 days to with instructions to proceed to build Wheeler Dam, of which investigate it. the Congress knew nothing at all. Mr. Lilienthal is one of Mr. LEWIS of Colorado. I would say that Mr. Knudsen the most scientific money-getters for the proposition he is was not a very gullible man. connected with that has ever come under my observation. Mr. McLEAN. He did not testify for this bill. It was not very long before I learned that Mr. Lilienthal, I do not say that ariy of them are gullible; I would not Dr. Harcourt Morgan, and Dr. Arthur E. Morgan had incor­ apply that adjective to any of them; but I say they are ear­ porated a company under the laws of the State of Delaware, nest, busy, enthusiatic men, and I think I am privileged to without any authority of Congress, and they knew they say they share the human frailties of the rest of us. When a needed the authority of Congress, because it is in their rec­ man like Mr. Lilienthal comes to them with the ear of the ords that they said they ought to go to Congress to get it, President of tl)e United States and with a copy of Senate but they did not. They organized as a corporation, Electric Document No. 241, bearing the President's signature, they are Home· and Farm Authority, under the laws of the State of likely to fall into mistakes of judgment, maybe, once in a Delaware, and they got a million dollars of Government funds while. But I will give you their latest word about it. to finance that corporation. Now somebody is trying to un­ We need aluminum. In the first progress report of the ravel it. They only accounted for $750,000 when the bill National Defense Council Dr. George J. Mead, aeronautical was before us, and another corporation was organized to take adviser to Mr. Knudsen, said: it out of their hands. · Taking into account aircraft now on hand the new production This Electric Home and Farm Authority had a contract program already determined upon and now well under way is expected to give the Army 25,000 airplanes and the Navy 10,000 with the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. This illegal by July of 1942. Delaware corporation that was organized to sell ice boxes, irons, hair curlers, vacuum cleaners, and other things on the It is important to have dates in mind here. Bear in mind installment plan-the Government of the United States going that none of this power will be ready for delivery from the into the retail installment business-had a contract as a pri­ steam plant until December 1941, and from the hydro plant vate corporation, with the Reconstruction Finance Corpora­ until August, September, or October 1942. tion to borrow $10,000,000 as additional capital to go into the Mr. LEWIS of Colorado. That is when the peak is going retail business of selling electrical paraphernalia, under the to occur. auspices of the great Government of the United states. Mr. McLEAN. When will this national-defense program Mr. DINGELL. Will the gentleman yield right at that find its completion? I mark its start by the speech of the' point? President here on May 16. What is the date we are working Mr. McLEAN. I yield. for when we are going to have the defense we need and when Mr. DINGELL. What has that got to do with what is our demand for supplies will fall off and when the American under discussion now? This is a matter· involvin£ national people will know how much more taxes they have got to pay defense. for it? Are we going to go on for 2 years? Is it 2 years or Mr. McLEAN. I am going to show you that David E. Lilien­ longer. Is it going to be 5 years? Whatever it is, listen to thal saw an opportunity in the tempo of the times, in the what they say: Plans have been completed for the program for 25,000 additional hysteria of the times-this clever individual who knows how Army and Navy airplanes during the next 2 years and the placing to dip money out of the Treasury of the United States, knew of orders totaling $100,000,000 since July 1. how to come forward and catch the public mind, catch busy public officials off guard, perhaps, and add $65,800,000 to the Now, listen to Mr. Stettinius. On July 13 Mr. Stettinius billion dollars already spent in the Tennessee Valley. stated-- Then they organized, in order that they might have another Mr. LEWIS of Colorado. Where did he state it? agency of the Government of the United States for... borrow­ Mr. McLEAN. In his press conference or in his report. ing purposes, what was known as the Tennessee Valley Coop­ It was published in the New York. Times of Sunday, July 14: Mr. Stettinius summarized the current situation regarding nine eratives. That was organized under the laws of the State of critical and strategic materials as follows: Tennessee. Every time they organize a corporation they cre­ "Aluminum-essential to the airplane program. Industry has ate officers, and they put men on the pay roll, not at nomi­ advised the Commission of plans for expansion and its willingness nal salaries, not a few men, but hundreds of them at sub­ to erect plant to cover entire program as needs develop." stantial salaries, about which this Congress of the United [Here the gavel fell.] States has nothing to do. The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from New This Tennessee Valley Cooperatives that they organized, Jersey has expired. what its purpose was I do not know. Somebody said it was Mr. McLEAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to to teach people how to grow highland potatoes in the low­ proceed just long enough to read three lines. lands, and vice versa; teach people how to live a more abun­ The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from New dant life. As an agency of the Government of the United Jersey has expired under the rule. States, they turned over to Mr. Lilienthal and the Tennessee Mr. LEWIS of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 minutes Valley Authority directors $300,000 for the Tennessee Valley to the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. CoxJ. Cooperatives. T.V. A. has spent a billion dollars and has had Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, I do not at this time desire to 7 years and even now is not ready to provide its part for the engage in debate with my good friend the gentleman from national defense. They now want $65,800,000 and 2 years New York LMr. F'IsHJ on the question of national defense. more. The gentleman has developed the habit of shifting his posi­ f have some memoranda here I will read you about the tion on public questions as they arise too rapidly to antici­ necessity for this thing. · pate just where he will stand any considerable while before Mr. LEWIS of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman the necessity for the making of decision rises. I 'will debate yield? that question with the gentleman when the issue comes up Mr. McLEAN. I yield. for the decision of this House. 9698 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 30 Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? be provided if the aluminum necessities of this Government Mr. COX. No; if the gentleman will excuse me, please. are to be supplied according to the plans that have been Mr. Speaker, when members of the Appropriations Com- outlined. mittee came before the Committee on Rules on their appli­ · Let me say to you Republicans who look with suspicion cation for this rule, I raised the query as to whether the bill upon T.V. A., and I am not going to blame you, and to you was business or politics, and I was assured by gentlemen Democrats who think as I do, if there be many, ana. I think appearing in behalf of securing a rule that it was business there are, those of us who continue in spite of everything to and not politics. The reason I made the inquiry was that resist what seems to be the purpose on the part of some to I knew, as every one of you knows, that different agencies socialize America, our philosophies are not annihilated, and of the Government may be expected to take advantage of there should be no shock resulting to us because of our sup­ this demand for national defense to secure legislation that port of the bill that this rule intends to make in order. I will give them a stronger position in the Government and a hope that we may relegate to the rear our general objections larger share of the appropriations that are to be made in to proposals of this kind and may unite in support of this behalf of national defense. This very bill that is made in measure, because in uniting we are expressing a concerted order by the rule happens to be an instance of that kind. desire and determination of giving support to the adminis­ We should not fool ourselves. This happens to be a case tration in the effort to strengthen the national defense. where Mr. Lilienthal of the T. V. A. is taking advantage of There is no politics in this proposal and none should be put the necessity to strengthen the national defense in a par­ in it. ticular manner to broaden the operations of the T. V. A. [Here the gavel fell:] So the gentleman from New Jersey was upon safe grounds in Mr. LEWIS of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself 5 his references to Mr~ Lilienthal. But the very fact that that minutes. condition does exist, the fact that that statement happened Mr. Speaker, my friend the gentleman from New York to be the truth, is no reason in this particular instance why [Mr. FisH], in quoting from statements concerning the atti­ the bill which tllis rule intends to make in order should not tude of Mr. Wendell Willkie in approval of the purposes of pass. I hold no brief for Lilienthal or any of his kind. If it House Joint Resolution 583, overlooked a further statement were within my power, I would drive the whole group of on page 4 of the report of the hearings before the Committee leftist reformers out of the Government. Somebody has on Appropriations. When 1\ir. Stettinius was testifying he said that he would like to see a change in order that he made the following statement, among others: could see a delousing of Washington. Mr. Dunn- I am not making it that strong, but change or no change Referring to Mr. Gano Dunn- in the national administration, I am anxious to see, and !­ was the power-expert member of the Nitrate Commission of the think there is a public need that this Government be de­ War Department prior to the World War and at that time made Lilienthaled, de-Lewised; de-Hillmaned, and de-many others studies of the Tennessee River with reference to its suitability and who happen to be under the dominion .and the control of the source for power for the manufacture of nitrates. In the lawsuit­ one master mind of America at this hour who is now offering this will amuse some of you- the tremendous· political influence which · he· commands on ! am still quoting Mr. Stettinius: the block. In the next few days we will know who is willing IIi the lawsuit-this will amuse some of you-in the lawsuit which to pay the price that will get that support. Wendell Willkie and the Commonwealth & Sauthern brought sev­ eral years ago to test the constitutionality of the .T. V. A. Act, he · Mr. Speaker, those who have discussed this question have hired Mr. Dunn's firm to represent him against the Government. referred to Mr. Stettinius. There is nobody in this House Mr. Dunn has previously been opposed to the Government's policy who questions his fine patriotism or his ability, but he does of entering into competition with private utilities, but he now is . strongly in favor of this request of the T. V. A., purely from the not know anything about the engineering questions involved standpoint of the emergency at hand and the interests of the in this bill. He brought before the Rules Committee Mr. national defense. Gano Dunn, whose name has been given you and for whom he vouched upon his own reputation. It was Mr. Dunn who gave Mr. Stettinius went on further to state: I have been over this matter for approaching 3 weeks now with the Rules Committee the information upon which it took Mr. Dunn and the members of our staff, and I am perfectly confi­ action. · dent, gentlemen, that from the standpoint of our aluminum pro­ [Here the gavel fell.] duction to meet the aviation program which Mr. Knudsen is re­ sponsible for, and a great many other developments in the south­ Mr. LEWIS of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, I yield the gentle­ eastern section, we must have this added power. man 5 additional" minutes. Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Dunn has not been overcome The gentleman from Virginia [Mr. WooDRUM] asked: by the so-called master mind, Lilienthal. Mr. Dunn is no And you cannot get it from private industry? push-over for anybody. He happens to be the master elec­ Mr. Stettinius responded: trical engineer in the country, possibly the world. We cannot, sir; and it cannot be delayed for reasons which Mr. But Mr. Dunn came before us not only as a man of reputa­ Dunn will bring out in his testimony. · Not weeks, but days, count tion and fine integrity but as a man of understanding and of now from the standpoint of speeding this work up so that v.'e can fine courage. He does not believe in all of this uplift stuff get the full effect of the spring floods 2 years hence. that we have been engaged in. Mr. Speaker, at this time I ask unanimous consent to insert He does not want to communize or socialize America, but in connection with my remarks the report made by Mr. Dunn he does want. to do the manly thing. He wants to contribute to Mr. Stettinius on this subject, together with certain to the national defense which we need, not because of any introductory remarks in the hearings before the Appropria­ important pending danger but as a matter of safety, and from tions Committee, which indicate the necessity for the con­ the standpoint of safety Mr. Dunn stated that upon -his in­ struction for ,which the joint resolution provides an initial vestigation there. was immediate necessity for this activity appropriation. and for this development. He would not support it, he stated, - The SPEAKER. Without objection, it is so ordered. as an original proposition. He stated it serves as an adjunct There was no objection. to what already has been done and while the cost of execution The matter referred to, as printed at pages 8-10 of the hear­ of the project is higher than should be under .some circum­ ings before the Committee on Appropriations, is as follows: stances, that its orig~nal cost is recaptured a hundred times LETTER IN RE INCREASE IN POWER CAPACITY OFT. V. A. over in the sense that it improves the whole system. Mr. Mr. WOODRUM: Now ·! want you to start off in your ·own way and Dunn-made it very_plain before our committee, and I am sure give us what the picture is, and then we will ask-you .questions. before the Appropriations Committee, that having seized, Mr. DuNN. We did.not expect to come -before this committee. We were under the impression when the President had sent in a recom­ having taken over, or having borrowed every other available mendation several weeks ago, at the time the matter was before the block of power in the country, there is still a pressing neces­ Senate, that his recommendation would be ·approved. Before we ap­ sity for the power that this project will provide, and it must proved this increase in power, I was asked by Mr. Stettinius to write 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9699 him all the reasons that led us to approve the increase, and I have water which is stored in the Holston Reservoir is also discharged here a letter which was not intended to be presented to this com­ with accompanying power, which would not be the case if the Hol­ mittee, nor for publication, but as I read it over I rather think it is ston Dam stood alone by itself. By this particular development of the best presentation of the case that we could make, especially as it the Tennessee Valley it may be said that we get 2 kilowatts of was made as an interoffice explanation of the purpose in band. I power for every 1 kilowatt that the Holston Dam itself develops. would like to put it in the record, if you will allow me. Our approval of 120,000 kilowatts of steam plant to be located Mr. WooDRUM. All right, sir. near the Watts Bar Dam has the effect of transforming a large Mr. DUNN. It is dated July 1, 1940, addressed to Mr. Stettinius, amount of what is termed secondary or dump power resulting from from Gano Dunn, and the subjct is entitled "Justification of ap­ the variations in the flow of the river into primary or continuous proval of 300,000 kilowatts increase in power capacity of the Ten­ power which the Tennessee Valley Authority system greatly needs. nessee Valley Authority." The amount of power we approved was 180,000 kilowatts of hydro It would bore you to have me read that letter in full, and there­ and 120,000 kilowatts of steam, but while this constitutes a total fore I will only take up the high spots in it, if you wish. of 300,000 kilowatts of increased installed capacity it does not con­ Mr. WooDRUM. Yes; and put the whole letter in the record, if you stitute 300,000 kilowatts of increased power, since the hydro power will. and the steam power overlap and they are not both in full oper­ The letter referred to is as follows: ation at the same time. The net amount of increased power made available by the 300,000 kilowatts of installed capacity is in the MEMORANDA FOR E. R. STETTINIUS, JR. neighborhood of 220,000 kilowatts. MoNDAY, JULY 1, 1940. If the increased requirements for aluminum were the only in­ Prom: Gano Dunn. creased requirements for the national defense for which power will Subject: Justification of approval of 300,000 kilowatts increase in be needed in the Tennessee Valley, an increase in capacity of 100,000 power capacity of the Tennessee Valley Authority. kilowatts would have been adequate to t~ke care of 80,000 kilowatts In response to your request of June 24, Mr. Raynor and I have demand for aluminum and allow some spare capacity. prepared a documented chronology of the Tennessee Valley Au­ But, in addition to the national defense demands for aluminum thority power increase covering all the transactions of which I am involved in the -airplane program, there are other power increases aware from June 8 to June 28, inclusive, which chronology in bound in prospect for the Tennessee Valley, for instance, 7,000 kilowatts form ·is attached hereto. to supply the new Du Pont power plant at Memphis {Tennessee The calculations of Mr. Batt and Mr. Folsom for an estimated Powder Co.) for which a contract has just been let. There is also annual requirement of aluminum (exhibit XVI) based on a produc­ the requirement of 14,000 kilowatts for a proposed paper mill at tion rate of--- planes per year, beginning July 1, 1942, indicates Savannah, Tenn., and 8,000 kilowatts for metallurgical operations a shortage of 60,000,000 pounds per year over and beyond the in­ at Wilson Dam. There will also be by the time of 2 years hence an creased production of aluminum that will by that time have been estimated increase of 50,000 kilowatts in the requirements of the brought about by what may be called a normal increase in the rate various municipalities in the Tennessee Valley which now are sup­ of production. plied with power by the Tennessee Valley Authority. These in­ This so-called normal increase involves 30,000 kilowatts of water creases besides the increase for aluminum and others which may power to be developed at Nantnhala in Tennessee and 30,000 kilo­ yet arise in the development of the defense program fully justify watts· more of water power to be developed at Glenville in Ten­ the increased capacity which we have approved. nessee both by the Aluminum Co. itself plus 60,000 kilowatts which In the case of hydro expansion at T.V. A., the construction work by July 1, 1942, will have been developed at Bonneville in Wash­ can be performed in less than the usual time, because as we have ington and applied to aluminum production there. This repre­ been informed, the designs are wholly complete and the technical sents 120,000 kilowatts of additional power for aluminum before staffs now finishing one of the other projects can be immediately any increase in the capacity ofT. V. A. has been considered. transferred to the Holston River project. The Tennessee Valley In arriving at the 60,000,000 pounds per year shortage of alumi­ engineers assure us that under these circumstances the hydro num after July 1, 1942, due allowance has been made for the sup­ expansion can be ready within 24 months if the appropriation is ply of aluminum derived from recoveries from scrap and other promptly approved but that if there is delay in starting the hydro sources, but no curtailment in normal consumption or its growth work through delay in making the appropriation the power will be during 2 years bas been planned. delayed nearly a year through missing the opportunity of filfing The energy required to produce aluminum is variously estimated the new reservoir with the spring floods. at from 10 to 12 kilowatt-hours per pound. On the assumption With respect to the steam expansion, we are informed that, pro­ that the plants run continuously day and night, which is what is vided orders are placed for the machinery prior to July 15 and pro­ termed at 100 percent load factor, the production of 60,000,000 vided authorization is given to employ negotiated contracts instead pounds of aluminum represents a power requirement of approxi­ of competitive bidding, the first part of the steam power can be mately 80,000 kilowatts. available within 18 months. There are several possible sources for the whole or part of this As has already been mentioned, additional power will probably power. Among these are the Santee-Cooper project now under con­ be available from the hydroelectric development at Bonneville in struction in South Carolina, the Bonneville Project through a still Washington, but the plans for the aluminum requirements (exhibit further increase in the power from that project over the 60,000 XVI) already include 60,000 kilowatts additional from there by kilowatts that has already been included, and there is the possi­ July 1, 1942. bility of some increase in the power from Boulder Dam, although More power than this it is not considered desirable to apply to this latter is likely to be preempted for other projects. There are the production of aluminum at Bonneville because the site IS so also power increases in varying amounts possible from other far from the sources of bauxite, one of the principal raw materials sources. entering into the aluminum production, that the transportation No increase is possible from T. V. A. with its present installed from Tennessee and Arkansas where the material is now found to capacity, for this capacity is not only fully loaded but often over­ Bonneville, which is on the Columbia River in the State of Wash­ loaded and makes maximum use of the limited amount of water ington, not only involves large additional expense but with the that is available. As the documented chronology will show (ex­ return shipment of the finished product eastward will tend to clog hibit I~. the Aluminum Co. has already been given notice of the the railroad systems of the country at a time when the require­ possible necessity of cutting off 30,000 kilowatts of its secondary ments of national defense are going to place heavy additional power on account of low water. demands upon them. From the point of view of national defense an increase in power · In selecting the Tennessee Valley as the location for the princi­ for the production of aluminum can best be obtained by an in­ pal power expansion which we have approved, we have had in mind crease in the capacity of the Tennessee Valley Authority. The not only the location there of the principal plant of the Aluminum principal plant of the Aluminum Co. of America, which is practi­ Co. of America but also the excellence of the organization, technical cally the sole manufacturer of aluminum, is located in the Ten­ and otherwise, that has been assembled there. On account of the nessee Valley. Notwithstanding the increase of that company's large developments that have already been made in the Tennessee plant at Bonneville the extension of their plant in the Tennessee Valley, their engineers and other staffs are part of a going organi­ Valley is likely to be accomplished with greater certainty and with zation, experienced in the construction of dams and transmission greater facility than the building of new plants elsewhere, having lines to an extent not likely to be found in any entirely new project in mind the time limitation within which the airplane-production not yet completed. program must be accomplished. The same argument that applies GANO DuNN. favorably to the extension of an existing aluminum plant applies favorably also to the extension of an existing power system sue~ Mr. LEWIS of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, I move the previous as that of the Tennessee Valley Authority. Also, in recommend­ question. ing power expansion in the Tennessee Valley we had in view cre­ The previous question was ordered. ating new sources, not all of one kind of power, but partly of water power and partly of steam power, which gives two alternatives • The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the reso­ on which to rely in the event that something went wrong with the lution. program. The question was taken; and on a division (demanded by The increase in the hydro power of the Tennessee Valley Au­ thority is advantageous because, by installing 90,000 kilowatts of Mr. McLEAN) there were-ayes 142, noes 30. generating equipment at the Holston Dam, the water impounded So the resolution was agreed to. by that dam will not only energize the 90,000 kilowatts there in­ Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I move that stalled but an additional 90,000 kilowatts to be installed at the Pickwick and Wilson Dams farther down the river. This is because the House resolve itself into the Committee of the Whole the Holston Dam happens to be the highest one upstream from House on the state of the Union for the consideration of the other dams in the Tennessee Valley over which other dams the joint resolution New York City [Mr. TABER] Government the leading private business experts in their and many of you gentlemen on the Republican side of the particular lines in the United States, regardless of their House. He is a Republican, and an outstanding Republican, political affiliations or their ideas of political philosophy, in very firm and very orthodox in his Republican beliefs, but, order to constitute this advisory commission on defense. like you and like myself, or like we have professed to be, he This is not a Government agency in the ordinary sense. It is for this defense program first. Not only is Mr. Dunn a is purely an advisory commission, Mr. Knudsen heading up member of the minority party but Mr. Dunn has been an that Commission. I doubt if any man in this Chamber would habitual and relentless opponent of the T. V. A. He has challenge the fact that Mr. Knudsen is probably as well, if opposed it at every step of the way. He has lectured many not better, qualified than any man in the Uniteq States when times on the value of producing electric power by steam rather it comes to the question of mass production, of actually pro­ than by water power, and he will say to you now that if it ducing expeditiously these necessary implements of national were a question of starting at scratch and producing this new defense. Mr. Knudsen surrounded himself with experts of power that is needed, if there were noT. V. A. to build on to, equal prominence, one of the principal of whom is Edward unquestionably we should do it by steam, but Mr. Dunn will R. stettinius, Jr., former chairman of the board of United also tell you this: He will tell you that, already having T.V. A. States Steel. Mr. Knudsen's job is to take the materials and set up as a going concern and already having this succession work them into the finished product. The job of Mr. Stet­ of dams on the Tennessee River, that by going up on the Hol­ tinius is to provide Mr. Knudsen with the raw materials. ston River and putting in this Cherokee Dam, of which Mr. These men proceeded, then, to surround themselves with Wendell Willkie speaks in his statement, that you get not men expert in their own particular lines in order to build up only the primary power produced by the introduction of a this defense program and get it going. They have been new dam but every time the water goes over one of those dams before the Committee on Appropriations several times. I for downstream you get additional power. one wish to record the fact that I believe everything humanly [Here the gavel fell.] possible is being done to carry out the wishes of Congress and Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself the wishes of the American people that this defense program 10 additional minutes. _ be expedited and that we not only appropriate money but And Mr. Dunn, as I say, one of the outstanding and leading get something for the money that we appropriate, and get it electrical engineering experts in the country, will tell you, as quickly. he has told all of us, emphatically and unequivocally, that When it comes to the question of producing airplanes, the this project is justified, this project which calls for the build­ President laid out a tentative program approximating a pro­ ing of this dam and supplementing it by one steam-generating gram of 50,000 planes a year. This dcies not mean that we plant. will make 50,000 airplanes this year or next year, but it is a The project calls for a total expenditure of $65,800,000. program, it is an objective, to build up and expand, to build The building of a storage dam and hydroelectric power new plants if necessary, so that as soon as possible our pro­ plant on the Holston River near Jefferson City, Tenn., will duction of planes will reach the point of 50,000 a year or there­ cost $36,000,000; installing two new generating units at Wil­ abouts. This program was laid before this Advisory Commis­ son Dam and one at Pickwick Dam to cost $5,300,000, and by sion on Defense, and they were asked to do it. making these additional installations you get the benefit of 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9701 the additional storage you have upstream by putting in one Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. That statement is in the steam-generating plant to cost $10,500,000, and the necessary hearings. I cannot recall it at the moment, but a number of · transmission facilities to tie this up to cost $14,000,000. pounds above what I stated in my opening statement. That This power is vitally needed. It cannot be secured any­ is to say, when this program reaches July 1, 1942, as it has where else. Private industry cannot provide it. Of course, progressed, there will be 60,000,000 pounds of aluminum short. someone has said, "Could you not take the power from T. V. A. There is in the hearings a statement of how many pounds is by having the T.V. A. shut off the power it is selling to some presently being produced. This statement may be surprising. other people and turn all of the power over to the defense It requires on an average 5 tons of aluminum for each plane. program?" Certainly you could do that if you wished to shut Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, I find on page 9 of off that power which the T.V. A. has sold and is delivering to the heartngs a statement in Mr. Dunn's report that they will ether manufacturers, many of whom are also engaged in need 60,000,000 pounds of aluminum, which represents a work of the defense program, but :i!t would not be the part of power requirement of approximately 80,000 kilowatts, and good business or good judgment to take power that T.V. A. yet we are asked to provide 100,000 kilowatts from steam has sold to someone else and divert it. It would simply require and 120,000 kilowatts from water power-apparently three those people to.build new plants of some kind or to shut down and a half times more than the maximum needed to produce their operations. the aluminum. Now, some one has suggested, and I believe such an amend­ Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Oh, there is a number of ment will be offered, that we cut out the dam and just build other defense requirements down there besides aluminum. the steam-generating plant. I want to read you a letter which Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Obviously, from his statement, un­ Mr. Gano Dunn wrote to me, at my request, when that ques­ less there is same further explanation, his statement is not tion was raised. This letter is dated July 29, 1946. very clear. It is hardly even an excuse, because he further DEAR MR. WooDRUM: Certain members of the committee of which states that 60,000 pounds can be procured out West at you are chairman have raised the question: Why should not the Bonneville. Therefore he is only 20,000 shy, and we are pro­ increased capacity ofT. V. A. required for national defense purposes viding 200,000 kilowatts more for other purposes. Are those be wholly in steam power instead of partly in steam power ~nd other purposes just general in nature? partly In hydroelectric power as has been recommended by the engineers and approved by the Advisory Commission of the Council Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Oh, no; there is a powder of National Defense? plant coming in there that originally asked for 7,000 kilo­ The most reliable and economical operation of a miXed system watts, and now that request has been jumped to 14,000. And like that of the T. V. A. comes about when the amount of steam bears to the amount of hydro a ratio determined by engineering ·there is a number of other industries. My attention was considerations. If in the T. V. A. system the steam is expanded at called to page 10 of this report, and I read the following: the expense of the water the cost of operation is considerably in­ If the increased requirements for aluminum were the only in­ creased and some of the benefits of hydroelectric development is creased requirements for the national defense for which power lost. If not enough steam is provided the operation in respect to will be needed in the Tennessee Valley, an increase in capacity of prime power becomes uncertain and a large part of the power be­ 100,000 kilowatts would have been adequate to take care of 80,000 comes secondary power of much lower value. kilowatts demand for aluminum and allow some spare capacity. The amount of steam power included in the plan is the right But, in addition to the national-defense demands for aluminum amount to give the best compromise bet ween these conflicting involved in the airplane program, there are ether power increases requirements and any important change in it would be contrary to in prospect for the Tennessee Valley; for instance, 7,000 kilowatts good engineering ~ to supply the new Du Pont power plant at Memphis, for which a There is another consideration of a most serious kind. Since the contract has just been let. matter came up a. month or so ago the power demands for national defense have begun to rise all over the industrial part of the And, as I say, that has been stepped up now to 14,000. country and many la_rge orders have been placed wit h the m anu­ Mr. McLEAN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? facturing companies for steam machinery and equipment. To such Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Yes. an extent has this occurred that whereas deliveries of 15 to 18 months were then possible--! am informed that in the last 3 weeks Mr. McLEAN. That power plant will need this power long the General Electric Co., the largest manufacturer of steam turbo­ before December 1942. There is not a dollar's worth of power generators, has been obliged to lengthen its delivery dates so that now being provided for that will be used at that powder it is now quoting deliveries no earlier than 25 months from the date of order. plant. This will not produce any more power until 1942. If under these circumstances. the amount of steam equipment Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. The gentleman will see from for the T. V. A. expansion should be materially increased it could Mr. Dunn's statement that there are other points along there only be at the expense of the expaneion of steam plants elsewhere where power is coming in. · There are two private projects also needed for national defense and it is probable that the priority authorities would not recognize the claim for early delivery of a there. The Aluminum Co. has a power project coming in, large part of the T. V. A. order. bringing in additional power, and the whole thing is pro­ For all these reasons and in the interest of the prompt deter­ gressive. We do not want it tomorrow, but we will need it mination of the T.V. A. expansion which is urgently needed for the later. national defense I urge that the proportions of steam to hydro which have been carefully determined from engineering considera­ Mr. McLEAN. The gentleman will please get the point. tions be not disturbed. Under this program that we are asked to vote this $65,800,000 Respectfully yours, GANo DUNN. for, the Tennessee Valley Authority says that the steam plant Mr. Chairman, may I say this. In a program of this magni­ will not be ready -until December 1941, and that the hydro tude, you have to place confidence in some people wham you plant will not be ready until successively August, September, think have information and certain technical knowledge, October, 1942. What right have they to avail themselves of and I do not know where you would go, and I do not believe this powder plant, which is ready to open and mu.st neces­ my friend the gentleman from New York [Mr. TABER] can sarily operate instantly, as a reason why we should now spend suggest anywhere to go, to find a greater electrical engineer­ this money for power that is needed immediately and that ing expert than Mr. Dunn, and with his background and with will nat be available until 2 years from now? his predilections. when he goes in as vigorously and as strongly The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Vir­ __ as he does endorsing propositions, backed up by the Advisory ginia has again expired. Comrrrtssion on Defense, saying this is vitally needed for our Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself airplane-production program, then it would seem to me that 2 additional minutes. the House of Representatives or any Member thereof would Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? be going a long way to place his lay judgment against the Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I yield. expert judgment of these gentlemen. Mr. MICHENER. In answer to the gentleman from New Mr. JONKMAN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Jersey [Mr. McLEAN], the hearing before the Rules Commit­ Mr. VI/'OODRUM of Virginia. Yes. tee was later than the hearing before the Appropriations Mr. JONKMAN. How much additional aluminum will this Committee. Mr. Dunn explained clearly that according to plant produce, and how much is being produced at the present the program of the National Defense Commission the bottle­ time? neck will be reached on July 1, 1942, and that all available 9702 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 30 power anywhere within the United States would be used from last 24 the flow is 2,031 cubic feet per second. It is ap­ now on; but that on July 1, 1942, if we are to keep up our parent that the dam will be filled in not less than 6 months. program of building airplanes according to schedule, we must Mr. GORE. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? have the power provided for in this bill. This bill is to meet Mr. TABER. Not at this time. If the gentleman has a. a demand which will arise on that day. question later, I will yield. Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Every statement we have had from that T.V. A. outfit has Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I yield. worked out just like that. Mr. RICH. When you talk about furnishing powder So that we may know something about what the power plants, why does not the Du Pont Co. locate its power plants situation ought to be according to the tables that they have where we now have power accessible, as we have in Penn­ given us, a,nd so that we may know something about how they sylvania, where they already have powder plants, and where have been operating, I want to call attention to this, and I they can go ahead and manufacture powder immediately? am going to put this into the RECORD in a table. The total Why wait on this plant? cost of these items, according to the table on page 1682 of One other question: You are going to build a proposed last year's hearings, is $343,978,000; deduct from that one­ paper mill. My goodness, the paper mills of this country are eighth of the Norris Reservoir that they claim is for flood adequate now to furnish all the paper we need. Why start control today, $3,750,000; and deduct two-thirds, although in constructing new paper mills under this project? it is altogether too much, on the navigation proposition, Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Chairman, I suggest that the chamber $50,000,000, and you have left a cost of $290,208,000. The of commerce of the gentleman from Pennsylvania, Brother interest on that is $8,706,000. Depreciation on a reasonable RICH's community might better present that proposition. .basis is $5,804,000; and operating expense, according to page Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? 1630 of the hearings, for the year 1941, is $7,464,000. This Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I yield to the gentleman makes a total cost of $21,974,400. from Michigan. The estimated revenue for that year was $12,800,000. This Mr. DONDERO. What effort has been made to ascertain shows a loss for the year of $9,174,000. The taxpayers from whether or not private industry could furnish this all-im­ your district and mine will pay that cost and will continue to portant material, aluminum, which is so necessary for the pay it just so long as that incompetent outfit runs the T. V. A. manufacture of planes? Cost (p. 1682 of 1941 hearings)------$343,978,000 Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Private industry will furnish No flood control except one-eighth Norris______3, 750, 000 it, but they must have power with which to make it. Some­ Navigation, two-thirds of engineers' estimate (liberal)_ 340,208,000 body has to produce the power to furnish to private industry. 50,000,000 Mr. DONDERO. And that is not available now? Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. That is not available now. 290,208,000 The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Vir- Cost of power: Interest, 3 percent ______8,706,240 ginia has again expired. Depreciation: Mr. RICH. I would like to have the gentleman answer 10 percent on transmission ______} why we are building this proposed paper mill? 1¥2 percent on dams ______3 percent on wheels and generators ______5,804,160 Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. My time has expired. Average, 2 percent ______Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself 15 minutes. Operating: Mr. Chairman, no one is more interested in promoting the Estimated expense (p. 1630) for 1940 ______7,464,000 Total cost ______national defense than I am. However, I am not inclined to 21,974, 400 support something that I believe to be a racket, trying to ride Estimated revenue (p. 1630) ------·------12,800,000 in on the skirts of national defense, just because it is passed on by someone who I do not believe has given it adequate Loss------9,174,000 study. I am sorry to say that is my opinion of the type of At the present time, according to the testimony of this consideration that Mr. Dunn has given to this particular outfit in the 1941 hearings of last December, and adding to it project. 60,000 kilowatts of steam plant, the present capacity of the Let me say to you that the Tennessee Valley Authority has plant is 939,000 kilowatts. According to their own statemen:, been continuously an outfit that we could tell absolutely their average secondary capacity is 70,000; their firm capacity nothing about. When they gave us figures, we could not is 599,000; their peak demand is 790,000. By July. 1, 1942, depend upon them; When they gave us operating state­ including this 120,000 steam plant they are asking for, there ments, we could not depend upon them. will be a plant capacity of 1,105,000 kilowatts, a firm power of Let me give you the slightest bit of history of this outfit and 612,000 kilowatts, and an ·average secondary power of 182,000 of that development. The Board of Army Engineers esti­ kilowatts, with a peak demand of 945,000 kilowatts. Add to mated that for $75,000,000 they could put in all the navigation that Pickwick No. 4 and Wiison 9 and 10 or Wilson 11 and works that might be desired there. Let me say to you that 12-the testimony is rather confusing on that-and you get with reference to their flood-control proposition, it has gotten 1,193,000 installed; adding the new plant, 120,000, you get down now, I think, to about 259,000 acre-feet in the Norris 1,313,000, with a firm kilowatt capacity of 732,000. Reservoir, according to a statement put out by their Chief This set-up is sufficient to take care.of the average power Engineer, Colonel Parker. requirements for 1942. It runs the total demand up to 642,- Let me say to you that in the hearings last winter it was 000, according to their estimate, and it shows a surplus of claimed there were 1,500,000 acre-feet of storage in Norris 90,000 kilowatts after providing for these items of war pre­ Reservoir for power purposes and 520,000 for flood control; paredness. that it is now claimed that 1,761,000 there is for power, and I The reason I am going to suggest that this steam plant be understand that another engineer from the T.V. A. has esti­ allowed to stay in is because I believe-and the T. V. A. mated that that power storage is 1,100,000 acre-feet within investigating committee a year ago so found-that thej need the last 2 or 3 days. a steam-plant auxiliary, because they had gone to work and Let me say to you that they have furnished me tables show­ invited everyone-down in there at prices below cost. Th(~y ing the run-off of this Holston River month by month, week had gotten manufacturing outfits down there so far beyond by week, over a period of 19 years. They tell us that in an the capacity of the outfit to take care of them the way they average year, like 1927, Holston Reservoir would be filled in were operating that they needed a steam-plant auxiliary to 3 months. In 1927 the average cubic-foot-per-second flow take care of that situation. At the present time if they would was 5,910. That was the second highest year in h istory. The operate that outfit as it should be operated I believe they average flow is 4,673 over the 19 years, or one-fifth less. The would have the capacity to take care of this national-defense average flow over the last 10 years is 4,250, or about two­ proposal. The total amount of power that would be required thirds what they figure on. In the lowest 12 months in the for aluminum would run from 65,000, according to the alumi- 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9703 num company, to 80,000, according to Mr. Dunn. The other ready, and I do not believe it is in the interest of national item might run 30,000 additional, so the peak capacity that defense to waste our substance. [Applause.] would need to be added would be 116 kilowatts. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 The following table, as I understand it, is the capacity of minutes to the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. JENNINGS]. the T.V. A. without the so-called Cherokee Dam: Mr. JENNINGS. Mr. Chairman, the measure now before the House provides for the construction of what is known as Average Average Plant kilowatts, kilowatts, Peak the Cherokee Dam on the Holston River near Jefferson City, capacity secondary firm demand Tenn., and for the installation of three electric generators, two at the Wilson Dam and one at the Pickwick Dam; and Present, including Wilson Dam also for the construction of a steam-generating plant to sup­ 60,000-kilowatt steam plant______939,000 70, 000 599,000 790,000 plement and equalize the production of firm power from these luly 1942 W atts Bar moved up in- nine dams in the Tennessee Authority during periods of eluding Wilson steam ______1, 105,000 182,000 612,000 945,000 drought. Add Pickwick No.4 ______36,000 ------Wilson 9 and 10 or 11 and 12_ ----- ___ 52,000 ------If the reasons advanced in support of this measure are sound and if the facts stated in support of it are true, the TotaL_------1, 193,000 182,000 612,000 945, 000 Add new steam ______120,000 ------120,000 120,000 measure should pass. It has just been stated here by the Power available______1, 313,000 182, 000 732,000 1,065,000 distinguished gentleman from New York that the Tennessee Valley Authority had induced a large number of industries Estimated 1942 peak demand and average power requirements ______------70,000 526,000 779,000 to come down there in order to use this power. That is not Add for war preparedness______------116,000 116,000 in accordance with the facts. This was an industrial region Total ______------70,000 642,000 895,000 before the Tennessee Valley Authority came there and it is such today. And today one-third of the critical war ma­ Surplus after providing for war preparedness ______------112,000 90,000 170,000 terials that are produced in this country are produced in the Tennessee Valley area. This includes copper, iron, and Why should we go ahead and add another dam out of the aluminum. National Treasury to spread out these people into the power At Alcoa, in Blount County, is located the largest aluminum business is beyond me. Just think of putting up to us the plant in the world. It is located on a tract of 3,000 acres of building of a power dam in such times as these to install land. The buildings themselves cover 90 acres of that land. a paper mill, when all of us know that a paper mill can go There is shipped each day of the year to Alcoa 1,000,000 anywhere and that it lias nothing whatever to do with pounds of alumina, which is an aluminum oxide which has national defense. It is perfectly ridiculous. We ought to been produced from bauxite at the company's plant in St. keep away from that kind of operation. We ought not to get Louis, Mo. That ore is mined in Arkansas and in South into the sort of thing they are trying to lead us into here. America. There is absolutely no reason why we should go ahead and The 1,000,000 pounds of aluminum oxide is there, by the provide for this new dam. If we go ahead with it, we shall use of electric current, separated into its component parts. take the best farms they have left in the Tennessee Valley. This is done by mixing the alumina with cryolite in a molten Already all sorts of folks down there are building up cases state, and by submerging in the mixture 24 electrodes, and for big damages for taking their land, and we are going to by passing from the electrodes electric current to carbon­ get into just one more racket like the one we were in before lined sides of the melting vat. From the 1,000,000 pounds of when we started in with the power business. alumina received there each day 500,000 pounds of pig alumi­ Why can we not have a sense of responsibility as we ap­ num is produced. Under the old method of manufacturing proach this problem? Why can we not use our own common aluminum before the use of electricity came into vogue it sense? I am going to prepare for the RECORD a table show­ required 24 hours to produce 30 pounds of aluminum, which ing the :flow of this river year by year and the ayerage :flow sold then at $8 a pound. Now, by the use of this current, it over the last 10 years from the statement that has been is possible to produce 30 pounds of aluminum in 10 seconds. furnished me by Mr. Parker. Why should we turn over all We all know that in the manufacture of airplanes for war this money to this particular outfit to go ahead and waste, purposes aluminum is absolutely essential. There is required when we know they will waste it if we give it to them? 5 tons of aluminum to produce one airplane. Would it not Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? be a tragic thing that as a result of dallying in this hour Mr. TABER. I yield. of our Nation's peril and quibbling over something that is Mr. RICH. There are power facilities in other parts of already an accomplished fact, the time should come in the country where they can manufacture powder. Why is it America when our children and our housewives would be necessary to increase these dams and build this power plant gathering together aluminum pots and pans, as they are doing in this particular location for the manufacture of powder? in England today, in order to build airplanes for defense Mr. TABER. I will not question that, because it is a matter purposes? of only 15,000 or 20,000 kilowatts; I am not going to fuss Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Will the gentleman yield? about that. Powder is an item for national defense, but I Mr. JENNINGS. I yield to the gentleman from Ohio. presume they could build those plants elsewhere. This outfit, Mr. VORYS of Ohio. I have heard a great deal about tllis however, is running its power out and selling it, as I have figure of 5 tons of aluminum for one airplane. demonstrated to you, for less than it costs, at the expense of Mr. JENNINGS. That is the testimony of Mr. Stettinius. other taxpayers. If a manufacturer can go down there and Mr. VORYS of Ohio. Whoever testified to that may be get the power at the expense of the taxpayers, there is mistaken. , It is like talking about the fact it takes 5 tons to naturally some attraction to go there. build a locomotive or an automobile. [Here the gavel fell.] Mr. JENNINGS. I did not yield for a speech. I am stating Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield myself 1 additional the testimony of Mr. Stettinius and Mr. Knudsen. I saw in minute. that plant with my own eyes less than a week ago the alUini­ When the appropriate time comes, I shall move to strike num plates and sheets and other forms of aluminum for the out that part of the bill providing for the power dam, because manufacture of airplanes, airplane engines, their cylinder I believe they have all of that sort of thing they ought to be heads, their piston rods, and so forth. That is what they tell allowed to get into in that particular territory. I do not me, and I accept it as true. I am not here to impugn any­ believe there is any reason why we should go into it. Ten body's integrity or to question anybody's patriotism. When million dollars will build the power plant, according to their men with the standing of Mr. Knudsen and Mr. Stettinius testimony, in 18 months. The other thing will take from 2 testify before a committee of this House that it requires 5 tons to 3 years, and it will just be a waste. There is very serious of aluminum to make an airplane I assume they are telling doubt as to whether that outfit could possibly ever get it the truth and know what they are talking about. These men 9704 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 30 say it is absolutely necessary that we have this additional 'that are engaged in the production of magnesium, which is power. an alloy used in the manufacture of aluminum. This current Mr. RICH. Will the. gentleman yield? is used for that purpose. It would be ridiculous to say that · Mr. JENNINGS. No. If the gentleman will hear me with in a great industrial area of this country where munitions of an understanding heart and an open mind it will not be war are being made and where people exist by virtue of :necessary for me to yield. taking part in those industries we should have a black-out . Mr. Stettinius, Mr. Knudsen, and a large number of repre­ and cut off the power from these essential industries . sentatives of the General Staff of the United States Army · Mr. Chairman, there has been set on foot a progressive and went to Alcoa, and· they learned, as has been stated on the national program that has in view total preparedness. Before floor of this House, that although the Aluminum Co. of I would .do anything consciously to retard the full arming of America with its present facilities and available power will this country against threatened invasion from abroad I would have no shortage of aluminum until July 1, 1942, yet at that rather that my right hand should forget its cunning . and time there will be a shortage of 60,000,000 pounds. They then that my tongue should cleave to the roof of my mouth. This undertook to find out where they could get this additional is no time to dally; this is no time to hesitate. We must get power. There is just one way to produce and manufacture ready. There is just one way to do it, and that is to act now. aluminum, and that is by the use of electric current. They [Applause.] cannot get it from private companies. It is not feasible to go I now propose to cite facts and reasons which absolutely to the Bonneville Dam in the State of Washington. If that refute the charge that this measure is proposed by the Ten­ were done it would be necessary to have 4,000 freight cars per nessee Valley Authority under the guise of advancing the year to transport the bauxite out there, the raw ore, or the national defense. The. undisputed facts hit this unjust charge alumina, as the case might be, then bring the finished product squarely between the eyes. ·Every Member of this House back. In addition to this there is no rolling mill out there. knows that a crisis-an emergency-world-wide in its scope, Mr. Chairman, this great plant at Alcoa has been there for exists, threatening a black-out of free government throughout over 20 years. All they have to do down there is install addi­ the world and laying the ax at the very roots of our national tional melting pots and expand the facilities to some extent existence as a free people. To meet this threat to our insti­ and there will be absolutely no shortage·of aluminum in this tutions, this challenge to the American way of life, the Con­ great projected defense program that we have under way at gress has appropriated billions, and will shortly appropriate the present time. Forty-three percent of all the aluminum billions more, in all totaling more than $10,000,000,000. This produced in this country is produced at Alcoa, and 75 percent Nation is preparing for total defense. In the present world of the aluminum that is going into our war planes today catastrophe no measure short of this will suffice. At this comes from that plant. hour the hearts of men are being "sifted out before the judg­ Something has been said about the flow of water in the ment seat." "He who dallies is a dastard, and he who doubts Holston River. Now, I know about the Holston River. I live is damned." - down there on the Holston River. I have fished it, I have The President wisely sought the experience, the ability, and hunted on it, and I have land that adjoins the river, although the assistance of the best minds in our business world. He below the dam. But I know the river. It is a large river. summoned to his aid, and to the service of the country, Mr. It drains a watershed of 3,400 square miles and has its origin Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., and Mr. William S. Knudsen, and in the State of Virginia. It is a very large stream, as I stated. made them members of the National Defense Advisory Com­ The advantage of this upstream dam is that there will be mittee. To Mr. Stettinius has been delegated the gigantic ·produced at this dam, which covers an area of 30,000 acres, task of securing the production and of assembling the neces­ 90,000 kilowatts of electricity, firm power; then the water sary critical materials for the construction of the material stored in the Cherokee Dam, when it is released, flows over parts of a gigantic war machine for national defense. To eight downstream dams, so that the water impounded by this Mr. Knudsen has been given the well-nigh superhuman task dam will be used eight times over these downstream dams; of seeing that these materials procured by his associate, Mr. and by the installation of the two electric generators at Wil­ Stettinius, are built into guns, airplanes, tanks, armored cars, son Dam and the one at the Pickwick Dam 90,000 additional tractors, ships, cannon, rifles, machine guns, ammunition of kilowatts will be produced. all types, and all of the paraphernalia of modern warfare. Something has been said about our candidate for the No man doubts the ability, the genius, the outstanding records Presidency, Mr. Willkie. He said in an interview on June 14 of achievements, and the devoted patriotism of these two great of this year, published in the papers of this country; in re­ men. sponse to a question, that in the event an impartial board -Shortly after their appointment as members of the Na­ recommended the construction of an additional dam he would tional Defense Advisory Commission they conferred with the favor it. Who doubts the impartiality of Mr. Knudsen, Mr. General Staff of the Army as to the needs of the Government Stettinius, or Mr. Dunn? Mr. Dunn is a sort of a modern with respect to critical materials needed in our expanded air­ Apostle Paul. He has been a Pharisee of the Pharisees, . but defense program. They went to Alcoa, in Blount County, Tenn., where is located the large~t aluminum manufacturing now he comes in this hour of the Nation's danger ~rid says that this is absolutely necessary; that the bottleneck in the plant in the United States. This plant is owned and oper­ production of essential war materials is the production of ated by the Aluminum Co. of America. We all know that aluminum and the use of power. aluminum is the absolutely indispensable material used in the manufacture of airplanes, and I mean by that bombing and Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? fighting planes. On conferring with the officials of the Mr. JENNINGS. I told the gentleman to listen and I would Aluminum Co. of America, Mr: Stettinius and Mr. Knudsen give him some information. I have the greatest esteem in made known the quantity of sheet and plate aluminum and the world for the gentleman, but I cannot play with him now. other aluminum necessary in the manufacture of airplanes [Here the gavel fell.] · and airplane motors. They were informed that the Alumi­ Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 addi­ num Co. of America could supply the needs of the Govern­ tional minutes to the gentleman from Tennessee. ment until July 1, 1942, at which time it was developed there Mr. JENNINGS. As I was saying, the water impounded would be a shortage of 60,000,000 pounds of aluminum. by this dam is available at eight downstream dams. When Thereupon they requested of the Aluminum Co. of America we supplement that regular and uninterrupted flow of power an increased production of aluminum to meet the Govern­ by this steam-generating plant we are assured of an addi­ ment's needs. The officers of the Aluminum Co. informed tional 220,000 kilowatts per year. them that to produce the needed quan.tity of aluminum more This power is not needed alone for the production of electric power was absolutely necessary. The Directors of the aluminum. There are other industries there....;_industries that Tennessee Valley Authority were then approached, and they are engaged in the production of munitions and industries informed Mr. Stettinius and Mr. Knudsen that the Authority 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9705 had contracted its available power to municipalities, cooper­ · Mr. WooDRUM. And you cannot get it from private industry? Mr. STETTINrus. We cannot, sir, and it cannot be delayed for rea­ atives, and industries making essential war supplies. The sons which Mr. Dunn will bring out in his testimony. Not weeks officers of the Tennessee Valley Authority stated that if it but days count now, from the standpoint of speeding this work up could build another dam-the Cherokee Dam on Holston so that we can get the full effect of the spring floods 2 years hence. Mr. WooDRUM. The program calls for the erection of a storage River near Jefferson City, Tenn., to be specific-and install dam and hydroelectric power plant to be built on' the Holston River, the three electric generators at the Wilson Dam and at the near Jefferson City, Tenn., at a total cost of $36,000,000; then for Pickwick Landing Dam, and could build the electric generat­ the inst allation of steam-electric generating facilities at a cost of ing plant above referred to, it could, by July 1, 1942, produce $10,500,000; Wilson and Pickwick units, $5,300,000; transmission facilities, $14,000,000; making a total of $65,800,000. primary power in sufficient quantities to meet the require­ Now you are asking for $25,000,000 in 1941, $20,800,000 in 1942, ments of the Aluminum Co. of America in the production of and $11,000,000 in 1943. aluminum in quantities required by the Government in the Mr. STETTINrus. That is correct, sir. fulfillment of its war-airplane program and power needed in Mr. WooDRUM. And the Council of Defense has been over that thoroughly and regards it is necessary and important, and that the normal growth of industries and increasing demand for time is of the essence? power in the area, and also power necessary in the develop­ · Mr. STETTINrus. I do not think I can say "The Commission,". but ment of other needed war industries in the Tennessee Valley Mr. Knudsen, in charge of production, and I, from the standpoint of materials, and Mr. Dunn, having jurisdiction of the power to be area. This proposed dam, the installation of these additional supplied, all definitely unite in the conclusion that this expansion electric generating facilities in the downstream dams, and the is justified and must take place to meet the production ahead. construction of the proposed steam-electric generating plant therefore did not originate with· the Tennessee Valley Au­ Mr. Stettinius further testified on page 13 of the hearings: thority. These projects were the logical, the imperative out­ Mr. STETTINrus. Yes; it is all a part of a coordinated whole, in that the plane production, and specifically aluminum, and the powder growth of the Nation's dire need for war materials in the Pt.:oduction that are contemplated to be financed through this ap­ present emergency. proximately $5,000,000,000 request that you will shortly receive, are These facts were developed and established by the testi­ all part of the program, and are in proper relation to it. The chemical plants, the ammonium and other plants, and the alu­ mony of Mr. Edward R. Stettinius and Mr. William S. minum plants must be served by this power increase. Knudsen, members of the National Defense Advisory Com­ mission; Mr. Gano Dunn, assistant to the Commissioners; . Mr. Stettinius further testified on page 17 of the hearings: Mr. David E. Lilienthal, vice chairman of the Board of Di­ Mr. WooDRUM. Do you wish to say anything further in reference rectors of the T.V. A.; and Col. T. B. Parker, chief engineer to the aluminum shortage? Mr. STETTINIUS. There is a shortage of aluminum, and I can tell of the Tennessee Valley Authority, in the hearings conducted you that we must increase our aluminum facilities as rapidly as by the subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations of possible to meet the plane program. this Hou~e on Tuesday, July 9, 1940. Mr. WooDRUM. There is nothing like an adequate amount of power for carrying on this work in connection with the national Speedy action is required. This action is referred to by defense. Mr. Stettinius in his testimony as a "trigger action." Mr. STETTINIUS. That is true. I might add, Mr. Chairman, that the . Mr. Stettinius, on page 5 of his testimony, states: support we are getting from the President, and all the way down throughout all the agencies in Washington, is most encouraging, ·If the appropriation is not promptly provided, then there may and most inspiring. I include Congress in that statement, of be a whole year's delay because yo\} will miss the spring floods in course. filling the reservoir, and with an empty reservoir you cannot get power, even if your machinery is all installed. • • • • • • The CHAIRMAN. Of course, private industry everywhere is inter­ Mr. Stettinius and Mr. Knudsen request this expansion ested in the national defense. program on the part of the Tennessee Valley Authority for Mr. STETTINIUS. That is correct. The Commission is getting full the production of additional power after conferring with support from industry on all sides, and we are getting the full sup­ .and reaching a complete agreement with those res:t: onsible for port of the Government agencies in Washington. Particularly, I would like to go on record as to the magnificent cooperation we have national defense and after learning that the Tennessee Val­ been receiving from the Army and Navy. ley area is one of the important areas for the production of Mr. LUDLOW. As a member of the committee, I am heartily in such essential national-defense materials as aluminum and favor of this proposition, but if it were not in a time of emergency you would not be in favor of the Government engaging in the other metals, explosives, and phosphorus, and other chemi­ power business? cals, and, more recently, aircraft. They learned that a defi­ Mr. STETTINIUS. No, sir. ciency of power supply is the bottleneck in the time essen­ Mr. DuNN. Neither would I. Mr. STETI'INrus. Mr. Dunn is an expert in the field of power. I am tial . to the production of these critical war materials. They not an expert in the field of power, but I subscribe to everything ascertained that all existing power installations, both those that Mr. Dunn has said in his testimony. of the Tennessee Valley Authority and private companies in adjacent territory, are now being taxed to the limit to meet At this hearing, on pages 5 to 7, appears the testimony of normal demands. I again quote from the testimony of Mr. Mr. Knudsen. We quote: Stettinius before the subcommittee of the Committee on Mr. WOODRUM. Mr. Knudsen, we will be very glad to hear what­ ever you have to say to us. Appropriations on July 9, 1940. In developing these facts Mr. KNuDSEN. I am not a power man; I am a manufacturer. My Mr. Stettinius and Mr. Knudsen had not only the advice of interest in this project is purely to see that we get aluminum high Army and Navy officials but also that of Mr. Gano Dunn, enough or duralumin enough to build the planes with. I suppose you know the average plane takes about 5 tons of this stuff. one of the outstanding electrical and mechanical engineers Mr. WooDRUM. Five tons of aluminum? of the ·Nation. I now quote from the testimony of Mr. Stet­ Mr. KNUDSEN. Yes; that is the average; and my interest here in tinius, on page 4 of the hearing: this project is to get aluminum enough far the planes, and the Mr. Dunn was the power expert member of the Nitrate Commis­ average quantity per plane is about 5 tons, meaning both in the sion, of the War Department prior to the World War and at that frame itself and in the parts of the mot or that are made of alumi­ time made studies of the Tennessee River with reference to its num, such as the crankcase, pistons, and cylinder head. And in suitability as a source of power for the manufacture of nitrates. this area where the T. V. A. is located, that is outlined by the In the lawsuit--this will amuse some of you-in the lawsuit General Staff as area E. We have areas A, B, C, D, and E , which are "-'hich Wendell Willkie and t4e Commonwealth & Southern brought satisfactory to the General Staff for plant-location purposes, being several years ago to test the constitutionality of the T. V. A. Act away from the shore, and in this area E, besides aluminum plants, he hired Mr. Dunn's firm to represent him against the Government. we have some other plants projected, the . actual location of which Mr. Dunn has previously been opposed to the Government's policy I am unable to give you at this time, because the sites have not of entering into competition with private utilities, but he now been picked; but they are in this area E. So that there will be a strongly is in favor of this request of the T. V. A. purely from the call for power beyond what will be required for aluminum. standpoint of the emergency at hand and the interest of the Mr. WooDRUM. And you cannot get it from private industry? national defense. Mr. KNUDSEN. Well I do not know, frankly; I am not familiar I have been over this matter for approaching 3 weelrs now, with with that. r,!r. Dunn and the members of our staff, and I am perfectly confi­ Mr. STETTINIUS. I think Mr. Dunn can answer that. dent, gentlemen, that from the standpoint of our aluminum pro­ Mr. KNUDSEN. The power people will have to tell you about that. duction to meet the aviation program which Mr. Knudsen is re­ I can only testify as to the manufacturing end. sponsible for, and a great many other developments in the south­ Mr. O'NEAL. How long will it take to get into production with the ~tern section. we must have this added power. money being asked· for? · · · · · LXXXVI--611 9706 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 30 Mr. KNUDsEN. That is something Mr. Dunn will have to answer. T.V. A. for this large block of power increase; and, as Mr. Knudsen Mr. WooDRUM. Do you mean power production or aluminum pro­ said, it is not only for aluminum but for other national-defense duction? projects as well. The increase, in our opinion, is justified on the Mr. O'NEAL. I mean with the money spent that is proposed here, aluminum alone, but almost every day now there is some new how quickly will it bring results? national-defense demand for power directed in the region of the Mr. DUNN. The steam will be ready in 18 months and the hydro Tennessee Valley. 1n 24 months, provided you take prompt action; but there is a For instance, since we first investigated this, there has been a trigger action in this, and if the appropriation is not promptly contract signed with the Du Pont people for a powder plant, the provided, then there may be a whole year's delay, because you will Tennessee Powder Co., which requires 7,000 kilowatts, and this is miss the spring floods in filling the reservoir, and with an empty already being increased to 14,000 kilowatts. There are other plants reservoir you cannot get power, even if your machinery is all where the increased power for national-defense needs, besides this installed. aluminum need, is going to add up to almost the full capacity that Mr. O'NEAL. I know you have looked into the possibility of more we are here recommending for aluminum. Besides this there is the rapid development along that line, but I understand at Grand normal growth in the demands for power by the municipalities Coulee there is a vast amount of power to be developed, and that that are already located in the Tennessee Valley and are being can probably be developed in less time than here. Is that correct, supplied. You cannot limit or cut off that growth; it would disturb or am I incorrectly informed? the industrial and social conditions if you did. Of the increase Mr. WooDRUM. How about letting Mr. Knudsen finish his state- that we are recommending, 50,000 kilowatts goes to supply the ment first, and then ask questions. growth of what is already connected up with T. V. A. Mr. O'NEAL. I thought he had completed his statement. Does that answer your question? Mr. WooDRUM. What else do you want to say about that? Mr. LUDLOW. Yes. Mr. KNUDSEN. I do not know of anything else. Mr. WooDRUM. That is the whole story? From the point of view of national defense an increase in Mr. KNUDSEN. Unless you want to ask me something. power for the production for aluminum can best be obtained Mr. WooDRUM. I would like to ask you this general question if by an increase in the capacity of the T.V. A. The principal you do not mind. How is the general work of the Defense Com­ mission coming along? Is everything going satisfactory? plant of the Aluminum Co. of America, which is prac­ Mr. KNUDsEN. Well, you are a better judge of that than I am, tically the sole manufacturer of aluminum, is located in the because, naturally, I have only been here a month and the time has Tennessee Valley, notwithstanding the increase of that com­ been spent in getting the schedules for the requirements both of the A schedule, which covers the money appropriated here last pany's plant at Bonneville. The expansion of that plant in month, and the B schedule, which is coming up on the hill here to the Tennessee Valley is likely to be accomplished with greater Congress either this afternoon or tomorrow. We are trying to plan certainty and with greater facility, than the building of a our work so that we can place all the contracts we have got money new plant elsewhere, having in mind the time limitation with­ for now and at the same time we study the capacity, or try to study the capacity, so that we can handle the second progratp either in which the airplane-production program must be accom­ with contract authorizations or with cash. * * * plished. Mr. WooDRUM. Referring to aluminum, the proposition is to build This is true because the Holston Dam is the highest dam another aluminum plant there near this power? Mr. KNUDSEN. About that, Mr. Stettinius can tell you. We have upstream from other dams in the Tennessee Valley over which split our work this way, that he brings the material up to the other dams, the water which is stored in the Holston River siding and then I cut it up, so that there is a straight division of Dam Reservoir is also discharged. In other words, this water our work. from the Holston River Dam is not only used to generate 90,- Mr. WooDRUM. He has to bring this aluminum up to you before you can make planes out of it; is that the idea? 000 kilowatts at this dam, but it is used again as it :flows over Mr. KNUDSEN. Yes, sir. the Fort Loudon Dam, the Wa;tts Bar Dam, the Chickamauga Mr. LUDLOW. Is this power needed entirely for the production of Dam, the Hales Bar Dam, the Guntersville Dam, the Wheeler aluminum? Mr. KNUDSEN. No, sir. Dam, the Wilson Dam, and the Pickwick Landing Dam. Thus Mr. LUDLOW. You are going to use it for other purposes, too? it is used nine times at these nine dams in the production of Mr. KNUDSEN. There are other plants plotted in that area. increased power. Mr. LUDLOW. For what production? The construction of the 120,000 kilowatts of steam plant to Mr. KNUDSEN. Some of them for munitions, some for other things--for powder. be located within the Tennessee Valley area will supplement Mr. LUDLOW. But the major part of it would be for aluminum? and equalize the production of water-generated power, and Mr. KNUDSEN. That is the thing I am mostly interested ·in at the will enable the Tennessee Valley Authority to produce a con­ moment, because in planes that is the important item; that is the tinuous :flow of primary power. Theoretically speaking, the major item in a plane. amount of power to be produced by their new facilities and On the necessity of this expansion-power program on the this steam plant will amount to 300,000 kilowatts of installed part of the T.V. A., made possible by this appropriation, Mr. capacity, yet the actual and certain amount produced will be Dunn testified as follows. I quote from his testimony be­ in the neighborhood of 220,000 kilowatts. ginning on page 7 of the hearings: If the increased requirements for aluminum were the only in­ Mr. O'NEAL. Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask one or two ques­ creased requirements for the national defense for which power will tions of Mr. Dunn first. I want to ask about Bonneville as well as be needed in the Tennessee Valley, an increase in capacity of 100,000 Grand Coulee. I understand that the generators at Bonneville can kilowatts would have been adequate to take care of 80,000 kilowatts increase their power facilities; anq Grand Coulee, as I understand, demand for aluminum and allow some spare capacity. can increase their facilities in the near future. · But in addition to the national-defense demands for aluminum Mr. DuNN. Mr. Chairman, answering the first of Mr. O'NEAL'S involved in the airplane program, there are other power increases questions, he is exactly right about it; and before we recommend in prospect for the Tennessee Valley, for instance, 7,000 kilowatts to this large block of power for T. V. A. we sought other places where supply the new DuPont powder plant at Memphis (Tennessee Powder we could get the power. We found a very good supply at Bonne­ Co.) for which a contract has just been let * * * eight thou­ vme, and we are planning to take 60,000 kilowatts from there be­ sand kilowatts for metallurgical operations at Wilson Dam. There fore we take this increase from T. V. A. will also be, by the time of 2 years hence, an estimated increase Mr. O'NEAL. You can make more speed, then, by T. V. A. than of 50,000 kilowatts in the requirements of the various municipaliti. es at Grand Coulee? in the Tennessee Valley which now are supplied with power by the Mr. DUNN. Yes, sir. Tennessee Valley Authority. These increases, besides the increase PROSPECT OF GETTING POWER FROM PRIVATE COMPANIES for aluminum and others which may yet arise in the development of the defense program, fully justify the increased capacity which Mr. LUDLOW. Did you develop the prospect of getting it from we have approvEd. private companies? The proposed dam can be speedily constructed because the plans Mr. DUNN. Yes, sir. for same are fully complete, all preliminary borings and explorations Mr. LUDLow. And ineffectually? have been made and the Tennessee Valley Authority can move its Mr. DUNN. Yes, sir. technical staff, employees, and equipment from a dam now being Mr. LUDLOW. What was the problem, then? . completed. Under these circumstances the Holston River Dam can Mr. DUNN. No one company system can furnish it. It would be ready within 24 months for the production of power if this appro­ have to be furnished by transmission lines coming in from several priation is promptly approved. If there is delay in starting this different companies. It would be a good deal more expensive than work, the power will be delayed nearly a year, thus missing the the present power from T. V. A. There would be long delays in opportunity to fill the new reservoir with the spring floods of 1942. negot iating such a supply, and we have got T.V. A. right down there where the main plant·of the Aluminum Co. is. Now, it is good The Tennessee Valley has been selected as the location for management, when you want to increase a manufacturing plant and a power supply, to increase an existing manufacturing plant the principal power expansion approved by the members of at an existing power supply. They are both right there together in the National Defense Advisory Commission and by other :the Tennessee Valley. We found no other place as favorable as authorities of the Government because they had in mind not 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9707 only the location there of the plant of the Aluminum Co. of I think I know what is in Mr. TABER's mind, and I can show America but also the excellence of the organization, technical him to his complete satisfaction that in this case the building of this Holston Dam is the equivalent of building two dams, be­ and otherwise, that has been assembled there. The engineers cause on account of upstream storage you get 2 kilowatts for 1- and other staffs of the Tennessee Valley Authority and of the for every kilowatt that that dam itself delivers. Aluminum Co. of America are parts of a going organization, In his testimony, then, Mr. Dunn points out that the experienced in the construction of dams and transmission Tennessee Valley Authority is now so overloaded with de.: lines and in the manufacture of aluminum to an extent not mands for power that it has notified the Aluminum Co. it likely to be found in any entirely new project not yet. must cut off 30,000 kilowatts of the power now supplied that completed. company. Mr. Dunn further testified that- Mr. Dunn then stated: there is no other place in the country where such advantageous I would like to read a statement by Mr. Willkie (Mr. Wendell power arrangements can be made in connection with a going con­ L. Willkie) into the record. Here is what Mr. Willkie said on that cern in the production of aluminum as the T. V. A. The principal subject on June 15, when this proposal was presented in a memo­ plant of the Aluminum Co. is there. These other private power randum to the President. On June 12 it was presented, and it plants under development by the Aluminum Co. are near there, and became public without our knowledge. The reporters went ahead it is natural therefore to look to T. V. A. for this power increase. and saw Wendell Willkie, expecting to get a grand slam from him VALUE OF HOLSTON RIVER DAM against doing this thing. I will quote from this newspaper inter­ view of June 14 in a Scripps-Howard paper. This is what Mr. Mr. Dunn further testified on pages 11 and 12: Willkie said: And here I am talking in favor of Government water power. The "Nothing is more important than defense, and there is nothing reason for this is, first, that it is a matter of national defense; and which might and will mask more political logrolling than the flag­ second, this is an unusual situatio,n for a water power, because the waving variety of national defense. But if some impartial group, storage that will be created by this Cherokee Dam on the Holston the United States Army or its engineers, for instance, do say that River is at the .top of a series of dams. It is the topmost storage the completion of these dams is a link in our national defense, on the stream, and therefore the storage created by it will not only the dams should be completed and as rapidly as those charged with energize the 90,000 kilowatts that it is proposed to put at its own our defense think necessary." dam but 90,000 more kilowatts down the river as that storage water That was a quotation from Mr. Willkie. falls over some of the other dams, like the Wilson and Pickwick Mr. WooDRUM. That is a patriotic statement. Dams. Mr. DUNN. Yes. He said an impartial board, and I think I can Mr. TABER. Well, that depends. submit that men like those associated with the National Defense Mr. DuNN. No, sir; it.does not depend. It is absolutely so. Commission are an impartial board. Mr. TABER. It depends on to what extent your storage enables you Mr. TABER. I have every confidence in everything that you tell to increase the no:r;:mal flow of the stream. us, and it seems to me that this, if it was true, would be an answer Mr. DuNN. That is right; it. does depend on that. And the stor­ to the question. • • • age from the Holston Dam is such that, in addition to the 90,000 kilowatts that it will energize at Holston, it will energize 90,000 The gentleman from New York [Mr. TABER] then entered other kilowatts down the river at the Pickwick and Wilson Dams. into the role of a doubting Thomas and expressed himself as • • • • at liberty to either support or oppose the project. The CHAIRMAN. It equalizes the stream flow? Mr. DuNN. That is right. It equalizes the stream flow. I have no THERE IS URGENT NEED FOR INCREASING THE PRODUCTION OF ALUMINUM hesitation in recommending this particular water-power develop· Mr. WooDRUM. Do you wish to say anything further in reference ment, because those are the facts. to the aluminum shortage? Mr. TABER. You mean that none of this water would come down Mr. STETTINros. There is a shortage of aluminum, and I can tell 1n such a way that it could be used except for storage? you that we must increase our aluminum facilities as rapidly as Mr. DuNN. Yes, sir. In other words, all the storage water that possible to meet the plane program. comes down adds to the effectiveness of each dam that it goes Mr. WooDRUM. There is nothing like an adequate amount of over; or. to put it the other way, if the Holston Dam was alone, power for carrying on this work in connection with the national if there was only one dam across the stream, the way most of the defense. water powers in the country are, you would only get 90,000 kilo­ SPEED NECESSARY IN THE PURCHASE OF EQUIPMENT watts out of it, and no more. Here you not only get the 90,000 kilowatts out of it, but 90,000 more down the stream and the ap­ Mr. Dunn further testified: propriation that is here asked for covers both of those sets of With these huge expenditures that Congress has been providing 90,000 kilowatts. for, the industries of the country will be filled with orders. There­ NORMAL GROWTH WOULD ABSORB INCREASED POWER PRODUCED fore it is of the greategt importance,· particularly with respect to Mr. JoHNSON of West Virginia. What would you propose to do steam machinery, that the orders for the increased T. V. A. equip­ with this power if the war should end? ment be placed promptly while there is a place for them in the Mr. DuNN. The rate of growth of consumption in the T. V. A. factories. In order to place these orders promptly, negotiated valley is rapid. The T. V. A. capacities are now overloaded. They contracts are much more desirable than competitive bidding, be­ are called upon for more power than they can easily deliver, and cause of the long time necessary in providing for competitive the rate of growth of the community down there is such that it bidding. would only take a few years completely to absorb it in the event INCREASED ALUMINUM PRODUCTION the war r~quirements were removed. Mr. JoHNSON of West Virginia. In other words, it would not be Mr. Dunn then testified: lost if the war was lost? Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. How many pounds of aluminum will this Mr. DuNN. Oh, no. produce annually? Mr. LUDLOW. You mean there would be such an influx of new Mr. DuNN. The amount that T. V. A., with this increased power, industries down there? will produce, is 60,000,000 pounds of aluminum, of which we are • • • • • • • short . Mr. O'NEAL. Mr. Dunn, you subscribe, then, to this statement by PRESENT AND ULTIMATE CAPACIT'r the Tennessee Valley Authority in connection with the supple­ mental appropriation for 1941: On :;,Jage 22 of the hearings, Colonel Parker, Chief Engi­ Should the emergency period end in the near future, the power neer of the T. V. A., testified as follows: capacity made available by this program will be absorbed within Mr. TABER. What is meant by present capacity and what is a few years by normal growth in demand. meant by ultimate capacity? Mr. DUNN. I do, fully. Colonel PARKER. Present capacity includes those generating ma­ EARLY COMPLETION OF THE HOLSTON RIVER DAM IMPERATIVE chines already installed, and the ultimate capacity refers to the pos­ Mr. DuNN. There is another reason for haste, which is not as sible capacity that could be realized by using the space constructed urgent as the reason that I have previously dwelt upon. The rea· for such future installations. son that I have previously dwelt upon is what I called the trigger Mr. TABER. By putting in more generators or more water wheels. action of gett ing this great dam finished in order to fill the reservoir You do not call them water wheels now, do you? with the spring floods of 1942. It is a case where 2 or 3 weeks lost Colonel PARKER. Yes, sir; ultimate capacity means additional in­ may mean a year lost. That is unusual. There is a speculative stallations, such as at Wilson Dam or anywhere. There we con­ element in it. You cannot tell. We are short of time already and structed 8 generating units with space in the building for the the year may already be lost; but if on account of a short delay installation of 10 more such units. now, a year is lost, we will be held responsible by the public when the time comes, and Congress will be held responsible by the It appears from all of the testimony that the vital and public when the time comes. crying need is the production of more power by the T.V. A. Mr. LUDLOW. What time limit do you give yourselves· on ,the com· pletion of this program? by the construction of this dual-purpose dam on the Holston Mr. DuNN. July 1, 1942, for the hydro and December 1941 for River. The installation of the three new generating hydro the steam. units at the Wilson and Pickwick Landing Dams, and the 9708 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 30 construction of the steam generating plant. This is shown accidents: there is liable to occur bad weather, there are liable to occur delays, and we may have such a glut here in the supply of by the following testimony of Colonel Parker: machinery and other things before the contract is let that we feel Mr. TABER. The Wilson outfit has not any capacity to run a great we have a speculat ive problem ahead of us. If, for instance, there is deal more than you are now figuring on. None of these outfits has? a few weeks' delay now-we are already late in starting it--I do not Colonel PARKER. Not unless there is additional storage added. think his organizat ion can complete this water power in 20 months; I think I should add there that in the normal expansion of that I think he is underestimating it; therefore in the Defense Commis­ system, if it were expanded, the next step would be the develop­ sion we feel we should lose no time whatever, because something ment of upstream storage, which would make possible the economi­ might go against us, and this is a case where a few weeks, as I cal addition of units downstream. .know-in fact, we may already be too late. My firm has built Mr. WooDRUM. That is called for in the estimate we are con­ many water powers. It built three of the water powers now in the sidering? T. V. A.-Ocoee No. 1, Ocoee No. 2, and Ocoee No. 3. Every once Colonel PARKER. Our plan was to develop the Cherokee storage, in a while we get caught with the appearance of spring floods and the reason that is desirable as an emergency program is that earlier than expected, and then it is impossible to close the dam. that storage can be built very promptly. With storage at Cherokee We should not take the risk when the defense ~ of the United States added units downstream become feasible on short schedule. is at stake; and if we do take it and lose, we will all be subject to The units downstream· being duplicates of existing units, the criticism. specifications and plans are already prepared. So if it were possible to dispense with the ordinary bidding process and advertising we Colonel Parker further testified on page 30 as follows with could immediately order duplicates of those machines simply by respect to the combined use of the power developed from the taking these specifications out of the pigeon hole where they are dams of the T.V. A. and the proposed generating plant: now being kept. But we do thipk this combination of those two things is really So the idea of building storage dams together with the un~ts the best plan and avoids getting into difficulties and obstacles along downstream is something we can do immediately. some one line. LAND PURCHASES Testimony of Colonel Parker then shows that the T. V. A. Colonel Parker further testified on page 31: has a complete organization for the immediate acquisition Mr. JoHNSON of West Virginia. Mr. Engineer [referring to Colonel Parker], why do not you go out in West Virginia and locate one of of lands needed, either by negotiated purchases or by con­ these electrical outfits? They have coal there; you do not even demnation proceedings which immediately put the Govern­ have to go under the earth to get it in some places. ment in possession of the lands condemned. Col?nel PARKER. Another .thing is that this particular steam plant is des1gned not to run contmuously. If it had to run continuously Under these proceedings the appraised value of the lands and burn all that coal every day it would cost very materially more condemned is paid into court and is at once available to the than our hydro-generated energy. It is intended to supplement landowner, unless he desires to litigate the question of out existing hydro plant and to operate only perhaps 25 or 30 whether or not he is entitled to any more money for the percent of the time, so that it will in that way be a relatively eco­ nomical.development. But if we were to overdevelop it, to build land thus taken by the Government. more of 1t than could be taken care of by our present system, or to The added power to be produced by these projects is needed develop. as the gentleman says, without relation to our present entirely for emergency use. This fact is shown by the testi­ system, it would cost the Government a great deal more-probably twice as much as water-generated energy does at the present time. mony of Colonel Parker appearing on page 28 of the hear­ Furthermore, I do not think it is going to be possible in this ings: emergency to get the delivery of very much steam-generating Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Can you say what percentage of power from equipment. I think that is going to be a serious difficulty. Do not this proposed dam, if it is constructed, will go into emergency you agree with that, Mr. DUNN? uses that are primarily responsible for this request? Mr. DUNN. I am sure it will; and, unless the orders are placed Colonel PARKER. This output is intended entirely for emergency promptly they will lose their place in rank in the factories. uses. Colonel PARKER. Last month we had a quotation from the West­ inghouse Co. on a steam-turbo generator, and they gave delivery It was developed by the testimony of this witness that 50,000 as 14 months. It has now gone up to 16 months, -with the lapse kilowatts of the 220,000 kilowatts increased power resulting of 2 or 3 weeks, and next month I hesitate to think what it will be. We are right ~t the point where, if we delay any longer, it is going from these increased facilities would be used by municipali­ to be almost Impossible to get the steam equipment that we can ties. do this thing with. On page 29 of the hearing the following appeared: One-third of our critical war metals and minerals are Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. The other 170,000 is for national defense. Mr. DuNN. Yes; with some surplus over. already being provided in the T.V. A. area. These are 1ron Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. How much? copper, and magnesia, which are derived from olivine. At thi~ Colonel PARKER. It depends; we do not know. For instance, since time only 3,600 tons of magnesia are produced in the United that letter, 7,000 kilowatts have been added to the powder plant, States as against 40,000 tons in Germany each year. and those requirements are coming in all of the time and we do not know just how much; but we are confident it will all be used Another critical material found in the T. V. A. area is and possibly we will have to go elsewhere, even after that, for some verniculite which is a substitute for cork, and it is used for emergency program. insulation purposes. The major portions of the country's Mr. LILIENTHAL. Mr. Chairman, that is an extremely important cork supply, as we all know, comes from Spain. Two-thirds point. The Board has authorized me to say that none of this power, that is to say, none of this additional increment, will be of the critical war materials now needed for national defense disposed of under long-term contract except after clearance with may be produced in the Tennessee Valley area. This area the Advisory Defense Commission; because it is intended that it has been designated by the Staff of the United States Army as all be devoted to defense purposes. • * "' So that we want to one of the largest defense areas. General Staff came to this make it clear that this entire block-not in specific kilowatts, of course, but this added increment--is definitely intended for defense conclusion because of the location of the great aluminum purposes; therefore, we ~auld like to have the Defense Commission plant at Alcoa, in Blount County, Tenn. A great powder pass on its disposition as I have suggested. plant is under construction at Memphis and an airplane fac­ NEED FOR EARLY COMPL'ETION OF HOLSTON RIVER DAM tory is now in operation in Nashville. The continuation of Colonel PARKER. I just want to emphasize the importance of the these enterprises calls for an additional increase in power. date of beginning this job; that is, in order to fill the reservoir tn the spring of 1942, as is contemplated, and just to get the whole The Holston River on which the proposed Cherokee Dam benefit of the thing, we have to get it done before the spring high is to be constructed drains a watershed of 3,428 square miles water, and it is already projected to start almost immediately as against an area of 2,912 square miles drained by the this summer, so as to get it done before the spring high water. If we actually miss that, it means the thing goes over another year Clinch River and its tributaries above Norris Dam. The area before you can fill it. flooded by the Cherokee Dam will be 32,000 acres as against Mr. WooDRUM. You mean by that the time is so important that 29,000 acres flooded by Norris Dam. The flow of this water the question of days or weeks would make a difference? in the Holston River is so great that it will fill this dam every Colonel PARKER. Well, we certainly should actually start it some time next month-actually move in there with our construction year. In addition to that the area in question is far removed force. If we do not, we run a serious chance of not being able to from the coast, is surrounded by mountain barriers, is served fill it Of course, we can always concentrate and increase our by adequate railways and public highways. force;- but in order to guarantee that we ought to start right away. THE ALUMINUM CO. OF AMERICA AND THE MANUFACTURE OF ALUMINUM Mr. DUNN. May I add a word to what Colonel Parker has said? WITHIN THE TENNESSEE VALLEY AREA Mr. WOODRUM. Certainly. . Mr. DUNN. I want to differ, with him somewhat with respect to The plant of the Aluminum Co. of America at Alcoa is the emergency of starting this work. There are liable to occur located on a 3,000-acre tract. The buildings housing the 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9709 various operations of this company at Alcoa cover 90 acres tive electrode of the cell. The electrolyte is kept molten by of ground. This plant was located at its present site on the heat generated by the passage of the electric current. account of the availability of an almost unlimited amount of The current is led into the electrolyte through anodes, which hydroelectric energy. The company's plant at Alcoa is the are usually blocks of carbon suspended on metal rods from , largest in the world. the positive bus bar. These anodes are made from petroleum It owns and operates three dams. One at Calderwood, coke or pitch coke, ground and mixed with pitch and tar Tenn. One at Cheowa, and one at Santeetlah, both in the and molded while hot to the desired shape, and then baked to State of North Carolina. It has now under construction two drive off the volatile constituents of the mixture. These additional dams, one at Nantahala, and one at Glenville, grades of coke which are low in ash are used, since any im­ both in North Carolina. purity in the anodes will be dissolved in the electrolyte as the Representatives of the General Staff of the Army recently carbon is consumed and will be deposited as an impurity in made a visit of inspection at Alcoa. Mr. Stettinius and Mr. the aluminum. Knudsen recently visited the company's plant at Alcoa. On As the current flows into the cell, oxygen is liberated at the making known the material needs of the Government for anode, and unites with the carbon at the high temperature­ additional aluminum in carrying out the Government's ex­ about 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit-the carbon dioxide escaping panded program for national defense, the fact developed that into the atmosphere. At the carbon lining of the cell where on July 1, 1942, the Aluminum Co. of America would be the current leaves the electrolyte, metallic aluminum is de­ 60,000,000 pounds short of the amount of aluminum desired posited. Since the temperature is above the melting point of by the Government, and this despite the fact of the increased aluminum-1,220 degrees Fahrenheit-the metal is deposited manufacturing facilities which it proposed to install, and the in molten form. When all the aluminum oxide dissolved in increased production of power by its 2 additional dams now the electrolyte is .used up, the voltage of the cell rises, and a under construction. Electricity in vast quantities is abso­ telltale lamp connected in parallel with the cell glows to warn lutely essential to supply the additional 60 ,000,000 pounds of the operator tJ;lat more aluminum oxide-called alumin~ aluminum needed, and which would constitute the shortage must be added. The new charge of alumina which has pre­ on July 1, 1942, unless the present bill is enacted into law, and viously been sprinkled on the crust which freezes over the the Tennessee Valley Authority permitted to expand its power electrolyte, to be preheated, is added by breaking the crust facilities as provided by this appropriation. Under the old and stirring it into the bath. The alumina dissolves the volt­ system of the manufacture of aluminum it required 24 hours age drops to the normal operating value, the light goes out, to produce 30 pounds of aluminum. By the modern method, and the process of making aluminum continues. At fixed in­ through the use of electric current, this being developed by ternals, usually of about 3 days, the aluminum is removed Mr. Charles M. Hall, a graduate of Oberlin College some 50 from the reduction cell into a large ladle and poured into years ago, it is possible now to produce 30 pounds of alumi­ cast-iron molds, where it solidifies as pig aluminum. A sam­ num in 10 seconds. ple is taken from each ladle or cast and analyzed. Each pig Aluminum is made of bauxite, a mineral consisting chiefly is marked with a grade letter corresponding to the purity of of hydrated aluminum oxide, but containing several percent the metal. of other oxides, chiefly silica, titania, and iron oxide. It is In· some of the reduction cells a single large cylindrical mined in Arkansas and in Surinam, South America. This anode is used instead of several rectangular anodes. When ore is treated in St. Louis, Mo., to remove the impurities, and this method is used, the electrode mixture of ground coke is there ground to a fineness that will pass through a sieve and pitch is packed in an aluminum shell provided with suit­ • containing 200 openings to the square inch. The ore when able arrangement for leading in the current. The heat gen­ thus refined loses 50 percent of its weight. It is then known erated by the passage of the current bakes the mixture and as alumina, which is an aluminum oxide. Two pounds of drives off the volatile material. As the lower end of the alumina produce one pound of aluminum. electrode is consumed by the oxygen liberated during electrol­ The solvent, molten cryolite-containing a small percentage ysis, additional electrode mixture is packed in the top of the of fluorspar, in which alumina is dissolved to form the elec­ cylindrical aluminum shell, new sections being added as trolyte--:-is not consumed, the small losses are made up by required. additions during the course of operation. Cryolite, sodium The aluminum pig is then shipped to the various fabricat­ alumina fluoride, occurs in appreciable quantity in only one ing plants to be transformed into the various usable forms, natural deposit, which is in Greenland. Facilities for its pro­ such as notched ingot rolling or extrusion ingots, sheet, plate, duction synthetically are available at East St. Louis, and a tubing, bar and rod, and shapes, castings, and so forth. substantial percentage of that which is used is produced It is not feasible to expand operations in the State of Wash­ there from materials which are readily available within the ington, due to the cost of transportation of bauxite to its United States. If necessary, this production could be ex­ plant on the Columbia River and the reshipment of the panded to produce the entire requirement. Small additions finished product across the country. The costs incident to of aluminum fluoride, made at East St. Louis, are made from such transportation are prohibitive, and an addition thereto time to time. Fluorspar occurs in quantity in Kentucky and would cause a congestion of railroad traffic because it would southern Illinois. necessitate the use of 4,000 railway cars annually. The . The large amount of electrical energy consumed in the feaJ?ible, practicable, and only possible way to meet the pres­ production of aluminum at Alcoa is supplied by a series of ent emergency and needs of the Government for national hydroelectric developments on the Little Tennessee River defense is to increase the company's manufacturing facilities system, supplemented by purchases from T. V. A. This is at Alcoa. This the company has taken all steps to do. It conducted over power lines of aluminum cable, steel rein­ only awaits the enactment of this measure as a green light forced, as high-voltage alternating current to minimize trans­ and go-ahead signal. mission losses. At the reduction works the voltage is stepped I visited its great plant this month and spent some 3 or 4 down and the alternating current is changed to direct cur­ hours in observing its various operations. I there saw the rent by means of either rotary converters or mercury arc bauxite deposited into melting pots where submerging in a rectifiers. Since the voltage drop across a single reduction cryolite bath it was by the use of electric current melted and cell is small, approximately 6 or· 7 volts, a sufficient number then siphoned into receptacles from which it was poured into of cells or pots are connected in series to correspond to the pig molds. I there saw these aluminum pigs again melted, voltage of a single rectifying unit. The current will vary refined, and made into pure aluminum ingots of the desired with the type of reduction cell but is upward of 30,000 shape, and also combined with copper and manganese to make amperes. the different aluminum alloys required in the manufacture The reduction cell or pot, as it is called, is a large steel of needed war planes for the defense of this country, and in shell with a carbon lining separated from it with heat insulat­ the finishing rooms and shipping rooms I saw carloads of ,.ing material. The carbon lining serves as cathode or nega- airplanes and airplane parts consigned to every airplane 9710 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 30 · manufacturer in the United States. These alumimim products I have had the pleasure of meeting Mr. Dunn. I have produced by this company by power developed at its own dams talked with him both on and off the record. I know of the and by power acquired by it from the T.V. A. and the shortage splendid standing he has enjoyed for years in his field of to be supplied by electric current from the projects to be made engineering. I have the greatest respect for his ability and possible by this appropriation are essential to the defense and for him as an individual. If Mr. Dunn came to us in connec­ preservation of our institutions and the protection of the lives, tion with this program with his own figures, obtained as a the property, and the liberty ·or our people. result of his own independent investigation; if his recommen­ Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 minutes to the gen­ dation were based on his own independent judgment, I should tleman from Massachusetts lMr. WIGGLESWORTH]. think much more highly of the proposal than I can under Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Mr. Chairman, the program be­ present conditions. I say this for the reason that it is per­ fore us this afternoon calls for the ultimate expenditure of fectly apparent from Mr. Dunn's own statement that the fig­ $65,800,000. It is before us ostensibly as a program of na­ ures upon which he has relied are not his own figures but the tional defense, to produce from 60,000 to 80,000 kilowatts of figures furnished by the T.V. A. and the T.V. A. engineers. power to in turn produce some 30,000 tons of aluminum for Now I want to call your attention to the fact that 7 months airplane manufacture 2 years in the future. ago these same T. V. A. officials appeared before the Inde­ Broken down, the program recommended divides itself into pendent Offices Committee and presented detailed tables in four parts, as follows: A new hydroelectric dam for the T.V. A. connection with their testimony. These tables, which will system on the Holston River, $36,000,000; new generating be found at pages 1614 and 1615 of the hearings, set forth eqUipment at the Wilson and Pickwick Dams, $5,300,000; a in detail the installed capacity, the available power, the esti­ new steam generating plant, $10,500,000; additional trans­ mated peak demand, and the estimated power reqUirements mission facilities, $14,000,000-a total of $65,800,000. This is period by period up to and into the year 1943. to produce 220,000 kilowatts of firm power. Now, if you take the figures furnished in those tables 7 Mr. Chairman, I believe every Member of this Committee months ago and deduct every kilowatt of power called for in under present conditions is for national defense 100 percent. the program which is before us today, including the increase I believe every Member of this Committee, if additional power to be anticipated in the consumption of municipalities, you is essential for that purpose, wants that power produced in the will find that over and above the requirements of the T.V. A. surest way and in the cheapest way it can be produced. It is system, if you include the steam plant ·alone, there will be obvious, however, that we are not justified in appropriating some 16 percent of excess power available. If you include large sums of money for this or that purpose simply because both plants called for here, the steam plant and the elec­ it comes in here with a national-defense tag around its neck. trical plant, you come out with a figure of something like As far as this particular proposal is concerned, I personally 35 percent in excess of the power required for all the purposes am prepared to go along with items 2, 3, and 4 of the program. now under consideration. I am also prepared to go along with items 2, 3, and 4 and an Mr; Dunn stated that he had not even seen these T.V. A. additional steam plant if necessary. I regret that I am not figures, although they were officially presented to the Con­ prepared to support item 1 of the program, providing for the gress only 7 months ago. Mr. Dunn apparently relied on construction of a new hydroelectric plant on the Harston figures more recently presented by T. V. A. I have not seen River for the T. V. A. I regret that I cannot support that those figures. It is therefore impossible to reconcile them item of the program, because, in my judgment, the proponents with the figures officially presented 7 months ago. Once of the program have failed to establish the necessity of the again apparently T. V. A. has furnished two sets of official power to be generated by that dam and have also failed, if figures. It is impossible to tell which set of figures, if either, we assume that the power is nf:cessary, to establish that the is correct. I regret that Mr. Dunn's recommendations come sure way and the cheap way to produce the power is through to us based on one set of figures with no knowledge on his the suggested hydroelectric construction. part whatsoever of the other set of figures. May I say, Mr. Chairman, that I have not only listened to the testimony on the record in this connection; I have talked Mr. EATON. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield for personally and at some length with Mr. Dunn. I have gone a question? to considerable lengths to consult other persons off the record Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I yield to the gentleman. who, in my judgment, are qualified as experts on the subject. Mr. EATON. The T. V. A. program has cost about one­ The result has been to confirm my own judgment to the effect half .billion dollars, and I want to know as a Member of this that the hydroelectric dam is not justiff'ed. House and representing taxpayers why it is, after this enor­ This program comes before us with the ostensible approval mous expenditure, it is now necessary for a hurried defense of the Council for National Defense. May I direct your atten­ proposition to be brought in here to spend $65,000,000 more tion in this connection to the very brief and desultory hear­ to get something we ought to get out of the $500,000,000 ings on the program. If you will consider these hearings, already spent. you will find that the Council for National Defense as a whole [Here the gavel fell.] has not endorsed the power features of the program. You Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield the gentleman 5 addi­ will find that Mr. Knudsen has not endorsed the power fea- tional minutes. . tures of the program. You will find that Mr. Stettinius has Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I cannot answer the gentleman's declined to qualify as an expert on the power features of the question. I think it is a very proper one. I do know, how­ program. You will find that the primary responsibility rests ever, that this dam is brought in here with the same old squarely on the shoulders of Mr. Gano Dunn, consultant for argument that we must begin to build it at once or lose the Mr. Stettinius in this field of activity of the Council far· flood waters some 2 years hence. The same argument has National Defense. been used again and again by· the T. V. A. in seeking this or Here is what Mr. Knudsen said. I quote from page 5 and that dam and almost invariably it has proved impossible to page 7 of the hearings. complete construction in the time estimated for construction. Mr. KNUDsEN. I am not a power man; I am a manufacturer. My Mr. EATON. This enterprise was started as a defense interest in this project is purely to see that we get aluminum proposition and now it is worth nothing and we have to build a enough or duralumin enough to build the planes with. • • * new one in a hurry. Mr. TABER. Then all you are giving us is a sort of picture indi­ cating that you feel that we need more aluminum capacity. Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Mt. Chairman, will the gen..: Mr. KNUDSEN. Yes, sir. tleman yield? I quote also the following statement by Mr. Stettinius ap­ Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I yield to the gentleman from pearing on page 18 of the hearings: Wisconsin. Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Is it not a fact that Mr. Mr. STETTINIUS. Mr. Dunn is an expert in the field of power. I am not an expert in the field of power, but I subscribe to every­ Dunn's testimony, appearing on page 19 of the hearings, is thing that Mr. Dunn has said in his testimony. a valid argument in favor of defeating this $65,800,000 power 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9711 dam for the benefit of the Aluminum Trust? Mr. Dunn The only basis upon which I could support the hydroelec- states, on page 19 of the hearings: tric-dam proposal would be on the basis of placing the new- water power used to be cheaper than steam power, but now born child on the doorstep of Mr. Dunn, hoping that it would steam power is c~eaper than water power. • prosper under his guidance. Personally, in the light of expert · Mr. Dunn also stated: off-the-record testimony which I have obtained, I am unwill­ ing to resort to this method of procedure. Roughly, water power requires three or four times as much capi~al Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I yield 5 minutes to the gen- as steam power does. · tleman from Mississippi [Mr. CoLLINs]. If we are interested in national defense and in conserving Mr. COLLINS. Mr. Chairman, it seems to me particularly the funds of our almost bankrupt Federal Treasury, we had unfortunate that the T. v. A. has been injected into this better build some steam plants in the coal-mining districts argument. The situation that the House finds itself in today of the country, in view of Mr. Dunn's admissions that water is simply this: The Aluminum Co. of America has a plant in power costs more than steam power and water power requires Alcoa, Tenn., which produces about 43 percent of the alumi­ three or four times more capital than steam power does. num produced in the United States. The airplane industry Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I personally agree with the gen- is supplied to the extent of three-fourths of its requirements tleman, and I am coming to that matter in a moment. by this particular plant. During the period from July 1939 I want to say in passing that although Mr. Dunn has relied down. to February 1940 the Aluminum Co.'s plant in Tennes­ on recent figures of the T. V. A., he was compelled to testify, see could not run to capacity because of lack of electrical in response to questions by the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. power. In other words, this country's airplane-building pro­ WoonkuMJ, that he was not sufficiently familiar with tliose gram is dependent entirely upon the production of aluminum; figures to give the storage capacity of the proposed )lydro- and our production of aluminum is dependent upon electrical electric dam on the Holston River. Not until a week later energy, securable in the vicinity of the plant that the Alumi­ did the committee receive any real information on such num Co. of · America has elected to place in the Tennessee matters as the minimum flow of the river, the height of the Valley. proposed dam, and so forth, and then only from the T.V. A. Mr. VANZANDT. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? engineers. Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. Chairman, will the gentle- . Mr. Chairman, I submit that on the record before your man yield? committee, the need of the power to be generated by this Mr. COLLINS. I regret I cannot. We are faced with the hydroelectric dam has not been established; that, on the necessity of building- airplanes and they are built out of contrary, on the basis of the record, the power to be produced aluminum. During the calendar year 1939 and the first 4 by existing facilities, plus the new steam plant, is more than months of the calendar year 1940-16 months-the total im­ sufficient to take care of all foreseeable demands. portations of aluminum to the United States amounted to I further submit, Mr. Chairman, assuming that the power $34,500,000. That aluminum largely came from Canada, the in question is in fact required, that the proponents of this United Kingdom, France, Norway, Switzerland. Gradually program have failed to establish that the hydroelectric plant these importations have dwindled to the extent that we are is either the quickest or the cheapest way in which to produce now getting practically no aluminum from these countries. the power. England needs all of the .aluminum that Canada and the . On the contrary, the record indicates, in my judgment, that United Kingdom can produce for her own airplane needs. the proposed hydroelectric plant is not entitled to considera- There will be no importations of aluminum from France and tion on either score. none from Norway and none from Switzerland, because Mr. . The record indicates that the hydroelectric plant must be Hitler is not going to permit importations from those coun­ completed in time to catch the floodwaters of the spring of tries to .build planes for Great Britain and our needs. i942. Failure to complete the structure by that time means Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? that the construction is useless for national defense or any · Mr. COLLINS. I am sorry. If this country requires alumi- other purpose for a full year thereafter. All experience with num, the only way that we are going to get it is by passing T.V. A. indicates a period of at-least 3 years as necessary for this water-power bill. Aluminum means airplanes. the completion of this structure. I offered to lay a wager with This country produced during the last calendar year 148,000 Mr. Dunn that the proposed dam, if approved, would not be tons of aluminum. If it requires 5 tons of aluminum to build constructed prior to June 30, 1942. The wager was not a plane, and all of this tonnage was used solely for airplane accepted. The record indicates that a steam plant could, production, that would mean 29,600 airplanes yearly. Of in all probability, b!:l completed within 18 months and there- course, we are going to have to use aluminum for something :fore be available in time for the June 1942 bottleneck in other than airplanes, .so the airplane share of aluminum power, which this program seeks to eliminate. would not give us more than 10,000 airplanes, and yet we ta1k Those with experience in the hydroelectric field have about 50,000 more airplanes, and talk is all it is, unless alumi­ suggested that additional power could be made available num is produced in sufficient quantities to supply our needs. promptly through the release of reserves now held by T.v. A. Now, what is the situation about aluminum and the pro­ for navigation and flood control, by proper arrangements duction of aluminum in this country and elsewhere? with private companies for the purchase of off-peak power, I am reading from page 634 of the Minerals Yearbook, by the operation of existing steam capacity, by drawing on 1939: other sources of power, such as Canada or Bonneville or Grand Although official data on world output of bauxite and aluminum Coulee, or in other ways. Without passing judgment on t:qese in 1938 are incomplete, both commodities probably established new high records. · For the third time in the last 5 years the production suggestions, the record indicates indisputably tl~at' under the of aluminum in Germany exceeded that in the United States. Of propo~ed program we are to procure 100,000 kilowatts of power the total output of the world, Germany contributed 29 percent and for $10,500,000, at the rate of $105 per . kilowatt by steam the United States 23 percent. Canada, Union of Soviet Socialist . ower, while we are asked to pay $ , , for , kilo- Republics, and France ranked next in importance as producers. The P 41 500 000 120 000 total consumption of more than 500,000 short tons of aluminum in watts of power, at the rate of $344 per kilowatt for power 1938 can be attributed partly to the strategic importance of the generated by the proposed hydroelectric plant. In other metal in a war-threatened world. words, the hydroelectric-power proposal costs almost three and Germany ranks ·first in production of aluminum. The one-half. times as much as the proposed steam power. United· States ranks second, and Canada ranks third, and the On the basis of testimony before your committee, I am reason Canada ranks third is because of the enormous water­ unable to support the proposed hydroelectric dam. The need power facilities of the Dominion of Canada. for the power has not been established. If it is in fact needed, Now, Mr. Chairman, let us look this question squarely in it would appear that. it can be produced far more cheaply the face. Without electrical energy we cannot produce alumi­ ·and surely 2 years hence by steam p:~wer. num and without aluminum we cannot have the airplanes 9712 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 30! that are necessary for the military protection of the people of majestic whiteness it rears itself into the air two or three , the United States. That is the story. [Applause.] hundred feet! White and beautiful, it gleams in the sun:"' 1 [Here the gavel fell.] light. It is a thing of beauty, but, oh, how useless it is Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 15 minutes to the today. It and the city of Norris were terrible mistakes, and gentleman from Ohio [Mr. JENKINS]. we have a bridge in our home city that they call Misfit Bridge. Mr. JENKINS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, I want, if I may, They should rename this dam and call it Mistake Dam. To­ to answer just briefly one of the arguments advanced by mY day the Norris Dam is useless. It has been for many days. very delightful and very distinguished colleague from Ten­ It was useless for a good portion of last year.· What is wrong, nessee [Mr. JENNINGS]. He told us that the power plant at you ask. My reply is that the water is so low that none is Alcoa, Tenn., produced 75 percent of the aluminum produced going over the spillway, and the river is dry for a long dis­ in the country. Now, that is a very important and stupen­ tance below the dam. The beautiful dam is there, and mil­ dous statement from two standpoints- lions have been practically wasted to give Senator NoRRIS a Mr. JENNINGS. Will the gentleman yield? I said 43 monument. There is some water back of the dam. This is percent. in the form of a lake, upon which the pleasure seekers paddle Mr. JENKINS of Ohio. I understood the gentleman to their canoes or race their motorboats or leisurely fish and say 75 percent and I wrote it down that way, but let it be 43 swim, all at the expense of Uncle Sam. Poor, deluded, igno­ percent. That will do as well. That still is a stupendous rant Congressmen that we have been in the heav-Y tax­ statement from two standpoints. One is that it is entirely too paying States to vote our money for a playground that is not much of a percentage of any product to be produced by any necessary and terrifically expensive. one plant in this great country of ours-especially of a Now, you ask me, what are we going to do at this Cherokee product so essential as aluminum. My idea of defense is to Dam? .We will do just what is done at Norris Dam. We will conserve one's resources when produced. This is quite as spend $35,000,000 just for a monument for some uplifter. I important as to produce them. We must learn a lesson have a letter from the most prominent man living in that which some of the combatants in the present war failed to community today, and he says, "I walked across the HOlston · learn. We must scatter and diversify our production plants River a few days ago, and in many places right exactly where 1 so that if one is put out of operation the whole production they propose to put this new dam the river is dry." My ; of that one product is not endangered. We ought not to friends, I call upon you not to be carried by this war hysteria increase the production of this very important product at to do what your more sober judgment woUld condemn. If : this large plant. Aluminum can be produced almost any­ Norris Dam is a mistake, Cherokee will be also. where for the raw materials from which it is produced is not My friends, if you talk about national defense, what are the · found in Tennessee. The gentleman's statement is also one elements that should characterize a project to recommend it ) worthy of notice when he said ·that Alcoa has been operating as one of imp(>rtance to national defense? First, the project ; for 20 years. That was long before the T. V. A. was ever ought to recommend itself from the point of the swiftness ; thought of. How did the Alcoa plant operate then without with which it can be constructed. Speed and time are often 1 the T.V. A.? The T. V. A. was not there then. How would the principal prerequisites. The cheapness with which it can i it operate now if the T. V. A. had not been created? It be constructed is also an important item in determining the I would operate as before, for the T. V. A. is not indispensable. . desirability of a project. You have heard a lot of testimony 1 How would other aluminum plants down in that section oper­ here today about Mr. Dunn and one or two other gentlemen. : ate now if it were not for the T. V. A.? They would probably Certainly they are all respectable men. Who is it who wants ! operate much more freely. Some of them have petitioned to impute improper motives to these gentlemen? I am sure ; and asked time after time that they be given permission to I do not. But, friends, listen to m~; in the testimony given j build their own dams, build their own power plants. They by these gentlemen to the effect that this dam would ba , do not want to be bound by this ruthless economic giant. But feasible and would be advisable they say most emphatically 1 this gigantic octopus that has been built up under the pro­ that they can construct a steam plant for producing elec- I tection of the National Government insists on dominating the tricity for $10,000,000 which will produce more power than i whole region. this dam will produce when it is running under most favorable ; The T.V. A. is determined to stamp out all competition of circumstances. Why spend $35,000,000 to construct a dam : every kind. Its officers, who can always find it convenient which .will produce practically no firm power when you can 1 to come into our galleries, as they are today, insist on dom­ by spending $10,000,000 construct a steam plant which will ' inating the situation. produce much more power, all of which will be firm and 1 Are the T. V. A. officials interested in this new dam from the marketable power ready to be used any and every day? standpoint of national defense? No. They are interested Half of the time this dam will not p'roduce any power; I because they want to extend their power. They want their there will not be enough water there to produce power. It ' dynasty to extend its power and influence. It wants to reach wiU be just like the Nonis Dam. The distinguished Senator out in every possible direction. Why did it not include this was here in the Chamber until just a few minutes ago. I Cherokee Dam in its first program of dam construction if it wish he had stayed so that he might have heard us talk is so important? Why did they omit it from its program? about that beautiful dam that bears his name but does not I cannot believe it is so important now. This great program bring to him the honor and glory that he expected. The of power construction planned by the New Deal was won­ Norris Dam was not constructed for protection or national derful to contemplate when first published. It was won­ defense. It was constructed there as a social experiment to derful enough to be terrorizing. I wish I had my big map to try out Government-controlled power. It was never a navi­ show how extensive and expansive this program is. It starts gation nor·a flood-control project. It was essentially a power from the headwaters of the Tennessee River halfway up project from its beginning. in the State of Virginia and goes down across North Carolina I am opposed to this whole Government-controlled plan of and Tennessee, over across Georgia, Alabama, and Missis­ power production. I have said many times on this :floor that I sippi, and back up across Tennessee again. This one little am not for the destruction of all these dams and plants that dam that they propose to build now is right up in the north­ have been built; I would not dynamite these fine structures east corner of the State of Tennessee. It is on the head­ that have been put up; rather, I would complement them; I waters of Holston River, which is nothing but a small moun~ would build by the side of each one of them a coal-burning, tain stream, and is practically dry much of the time. What steam-producing power plant so that they could have an do they expect to benefit from the construction of this effective and constantly sustained flow of usable power. Take $35,000,000 dam? They can hardly expect it to be more the Norris Dam, for instance, a great, silent monument today efficacious than the beautiful and much advertised Norris not worth a dime except for recreation. If you had by it a Dam. Just how wonderful is the Norris Dam today? I do fine, big, steam-power plant you would have something worth· not know how many of you have seen it. My, how in its while. But I hope the time will come when we will take out 1940 CONGRESSION4L RECORD-HOUSE 9713 of Government control this gigantic agency and put it under to do last year? They had to operate their power plants in safe and efficient control. the southern parts of Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky to the How did Alcoa operate before T.V. A.? They operated on limit and to divert their load into the Tennessee Valley to their own steam-generated power or their own dams. You take up the load that T. V. A. could not carry. Why this ask why did the Aluminum Co. go to Alcoa or any other place terrible failure on the part of the T. V. A? The T. V. A. •down in that section? I do not know. I presume they saw sold more power than they could generate. That is a habit the advantage of cheap coal and cheap water-power sites. with them. Mr. Lilienthal had to admit when we had our Why did they not take it to St. Louis or some place where investigation of the T. V. A. that they sold power many they treated or processed this bauxite ore? Why did they times before they ever made it. And they tell me-l cannot not build it in southern Ohio? I think they could have done prove this, but they tell me-that they are down there now as well. According to Mr. Parker, the chief engineer, it would working on this dam site provided for here in this bill, and take a lot of coal to produce power by steam. He said it have been working on it quite a little while spending money would take 1,400 tons of coal a day to generate the power recklessly, with no appropriation whatever made for it. necessary. He seems to think that 1,400 tons is a tremendous What effrontery. How do they do that, Mr. Chairman? tonnage. In my own district there are several mines that can How do they justify their arrogance? They do it because of. produce more than 1,400 tons of coal per day. We have the organization that they have developed down there and several that will produce twice or three times that much. because of the unrestricted power we have assigned to them. Why not construct one of these plants over in Pennsylvania, We have surrendered power to them to an extent that is or in southern Illinois, or in southern Indiana? - little short of shameful. As I stated before, they march My distinguished friend the gentleman from Mississippi across these States with a tread that is irresistible, with a I[Mr. COLLINS] said something to the effect that this aluminum tread that is crushing. They ask no advice of a governor. plant is down there and that it should be supplemented. They tell him. They ask no mayor, they. ask no county Well, my goodness, is there no place in these great United commissioners, for a concession or advice. They tell them States of America for a second plant? Must we be limited what to do. Down there if you want to run for constable you L11 our production of aluminum to one producing plant? Why have to have aT. V. A. sign on you or you cannot be elected. should we not have several other plants located elsewhere Mr. Chairman, what kind of a situation is that? What do so that we would not be limited to reliance upon one pro­ you think of that kind of a grab when they ask for this power ducing plant only? If the distinguished gentleman .from or for this dam under the stress of the present times? Do Mississippi who speaks so frequently in favor ofT. V. A. were not be carried.away by the-claim that this is national defense. here he would no doubt vote to build this dam for the Look rather at the people who are interested in it. Why Aluminum Co. of America. Not one of you will stand up should the T. V. A. people be in the gallery today? Does it here and admit that you are voting for this bill to help any make any personal difference to them? one plant, but if you vote for this bill you are casting a vote Mr: WOODRUM of Virginia. Will the gentleman yield? to help one company that has one plant that produces 43 Mr. JENKINS of Ohio. Yes; the gentleman is such a fine percent of this one product in these great United States of fellow and always yields, that I yield to him. America. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. The gentleman has com· Mr. Chairman, let us use a little common sense here today. mented several times on that. I personally requested the Let us have a little reason; let us look at this thing from the T.V. A. and Mr. Dunn to be present in order to give us tech­ standpoint of common sense and reason. We are all for nical information if we need it. · national defense; we want to produce aluminum; but will Mr. JENKINS of Ohio. I do not know how they could anybody say to me that we cannot produce aluminum in any give it from the gallery. place but Tennessee? Is that true? Well, bless your life, it Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Would the gentleman let cannot be true. Then, if we can produce it somewhere else, them come on the floor and give it? let us produce it somewhere else so we shall not be .entirely Mr. JENKINS of Ohio. No; and neither would the gentle­ dependent on one place. man. This is not the place for it. · Let us for just a minute look at the relative costs of pro­ Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Will the gentleman yield? ducing electricity by coal as against water power. You cannot Mr. JENKINS of Ohio. I yield to the gentleman from find a statement by any reputable engineer anywhere that Massachusetts. does not say that steam will produce electricity cheaper than Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Did I understand the gentleman it can be produced by water power. Let us look at the to say that he has information to the effect that this dam testimony of Mr. Dunn. I understand he is now in the gal­ has been started without any authorization or appropriation? lery. I have never had the honor to meet him, but they say Mr. JENKINS of Ohio. I cannot give you that with the he is a wonderful man, and I believe he is; he must be because same authority that I give you the information that these he surely has a great reputation in the power field. What did rivers are dry. I gave you that emphatically and without he say? He said that up to about 10 or 20 years ago it took any equivocation. With reference to the statement whether 8 pounds of coal to produce 1 kilowatt of power, but now they they have been started to work on this dam site, I only have have it perfected so that it takes only nine-tenths of a pound that from the letter of one individual, and I do not vouch for of coal to produce 1 kilowatt of power. it. I did not say I would vouch for it. Let us not have any Mr. Chairman, is there any magic about this power-pro­ mistake about that. But I believe it, and I believe it because ducing business? Can it be done nowhere except in Tennes­ I have had the experience and I know how they operate, and see? If not, how does the great State of New York operate you members of the Committee on Appropriations ought to without the T. V. A.? If not, how does the great State of believe it because you know how they operate. They fear · Michigan operate without it? How does the great State of no law but themselves, and they recognize no authority but Ohio operate without it? The plants in Tennessee should the New Deal. be compelled to operate just as the large plants in all the Let us not be carried away by their surreptitious demand other States operate. Some of us prophesied that the for more authority. T. V. A. would fail to carry on. We prophesied that this The gentleman from New York [Mr. TABER] is going to thing never would carry itself. Last year it failed and again introduce an amendment, for which I will vote, because I am this year it failed. Out in Ohio I have two great power against this kind of control. I am against the Government plants in my section that produce power by coal. One of doing these things. I am in favor of letting the Aluminum these plants, I believe, uses 4,000 tons of coal a day. I do Co. buy its own power like they do in Ohio, Indiana, and in not know who owns the power companies. One is the every other State of the Union. Let them go out and buy ·Allegheny, and on.e is the Ohio, and one is the Southern the power. Let some power company come in and supply Ohio. I do not know much about them except I know who ft. That is the American way of doing business. I shall the local managers are. But what did these companies have vote for the amendment which the gentleman from New 9714 CONGRESSIONAL R~CORD-HOUSE JULY 30 York [Mr. TABER] proposes, because I think it will make the States Steel Co. for a number of years and has their con­ T.V. A. more certain, more useful, and more effective against fidence would naturally know something about the produc4 the time when a Republican administration shall come back tion of commodities and where they could be produced at the to power. I hope then that the Republican Party will do minimum cost. On page 17 Mr. Stettinius said to the com­ away with all these commissions and take charge of this mittee: giant and see that the power is sold as they do at Boulder I think there are many emergency expenditures that should be Dam. Sell it to whoever can use it and pay for it. Let the made by the Government for facilities that should be owned by the Government. I might mention the vast expenditures for the Government get out of the power business. Then I think item, for instance, of armor plate, which will approach $20,000,000. we should turn back to the Department of Agriculture all the That, of course, will never be used in peacetime, and my recom­ agricultural activities of the T. V. A., such as the fertilizer mendation is that the· plants we build be owned by the United business, and put these fellows out of business. At present States Government. If necessary, they could be leased to private - companies for operation, with the title remaining in the Govern­ the T. V. A. officials are more powerful than any Governor. ment of the United States. The Federal Government should not grant powers to an Authority that will permit it to challenge or thwart the States Yes, Mr. Chairman, I think that in times like this we have in the operation of their functions and inherent rights. to take the word of those who have been placed in a position Let me tell you, in all seriousness, let us be sensible about where . we feel confident they know what they are talking this thing. We are for national defense, but let us follow about. We have confidence in General Marshall, Chief of a sensible course in our effort to achieve it. Build no more Staff of the Army, and we have confidence in the leaders of dams, but build steam plants that will always be dependable other institutions. I have enough confidence in these men and will not run dry. [Applause.] who testified before the committee and this bill should be passed by a unanimous vote of the House this afternoon. [Here the gavel fell.] [Applause.] Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I yield 7 minutes to the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. SNYDER]. Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 minutes to the Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Chairman, as I see it, there is only one gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. RICH]. major problem involved in the proposition before the Com­ Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, the great question before us mittee at the present time, and this is whether we are going this afternoon is national defense. I yield to no one in my to provide adequate facilities for turning out national de­ desire to put this country in an adequate position to defend fense installations in the shortest possible time, and at the itself from all aggression. I call your attention to the fact lowest possible cost. In all walks of life we find that we have ~at we are this afternoon asked to appropriate $25,000,000 to have confidence in the other fellow, and that is true m the expectation that we shall increase that amount next whether it be in our social life, industrial life, or economic year by $40,000,000 additional. I want to show you here the life. We have to have confidence in the other fellow. When report of the engineer, Mr. Dunn, in whom everybody here we go out here and get on the elevator we do not ask questions. has expressed such great confidence, that only about one­ We assume that the operator of the elevator has it in a safe half of the power that is requested to be developed under this condition when we get on it. When we go down to the train, bill is to be used. for national defense or to meet a so-called take the train, and get into our berth, we do not ask who national emergency. I want to read you Mr. Dunn's state­ the engineer or who the switchman, or who the operators are ment on page 15 of the hearings: th~t will guide the train through the night. We take it for I am not for a moment saying that this amount of increased power which we have approved is exactly the amount that we need granted that they know their business. When we go down for the ~luminum production. It is considerably more. It is here and get on an airplane and go up into the heavens during nearly tWice as much. But, on the other hand, I am saying that in the night or day we do not ask who the pilot is and how much addition to that amount there is 14,000 kilowatts for this new training he has had. We assume he is placed there because powder plant (since the letter of July 1 was written it has been in­ creased from 7,000 to 14,000). Then there is 8,000 kilowatts for of his knowledge and efficiency. metallurgical work that is going on there; there is 14,000 kilowatts In this particular case I have confidence in the men who for a proposed new paper mill at Savannah, Tenn.; then there is testified before our committee. I have confidence in all of 50,000 kilowatts for increased consumption of the public and general them, and especially in the three men to whom I refer; Mr. uses of the cities that are already taking it. Knudsen, because of ·the position he has occupied in the field If that is national defense, then I do not know anything. of production with General Motors that uses more aluminum Where is the emergengy for 300,000 kilowatts? Is it national perhaps than any other firm. Mr. Knudsen stated in his defense when you are furnishing power to cities that are testimony: already taking it at less than cost and when you are furnish­ My interest in this project is purely to see that we get aluminum ing 14,000 kilowatts for a proposed paper mill, when we have enough or duralumin enough to build the planes with. I suppose paper mills in this country that can furnish all the paper you know the average plane takes about 5 tons of this stuff. that is necessary in time of war or in time of peace, and when Mr. WooDRUM. Five tons of of aluminum? Mr. KNUDSEN. Yes; that is the average, and my interest here In the paper mills of this country need the business and want this project is to get aluminum enough for the planes, and the to keep their own plants in operation now? I say, then, that average quantity per plane is about 5 tons, m~aning both in the this bill is camouflaged, I say this bill is hypocrisy, I say this frame itself and in the parts of the motor that are made of alumi­ num, such as the crankcase, pistons, and cylinder head. And in bill is only trying to fool and humbug the American people. this area where the T. V. A. is located, that is outlined by the You are trying to hoodwink the Members of Congress into General Staff as area E. We have areas A, B, C, D, and E which are voting for something in the name of national defense. God satisfactory to the General Staff for plant location purposes, being give us more men in Congress and in high public places who away from the shore, and in this area E, besides aluminum plants, we have some other plants projected, the actual location of which will be honest and not say when they make proposals that I am unable to give you at this time, because the sites have not been they will be used for national defense when they only set the picked; but they are in this area E. So that there will be a call for Government up in more business. power beyond what will be required for aluminum. Mr. TREADWAY. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman Then over on page 11, Mr. Dunn, in whom I have the great­ yield? ' est confidence-! have followed him as an engineer for a Mr. RICH. I yield for a question. number of years-had this to say: Mr. TREADWAY. May I ask the gentleman why this bill And here am I talking in favor of Government water power. The calls for $25,000,000, when it is admitted that you expect to reason for this is, first, that it is a matter of national defense; and follow it up with other bills increasing the amount to $65,- second, this is an unusual situation for a water power, because the storage that will be created by this Cherokee Dam on the Holston 000,000? Why do we do this sort of thing by piecemeal? Is River is at the top of a series of dams. It is the topmost storage it fooling anybody? on the stream, and therefore the storage created by it will not only Mr. RICH. · It will take 2 years to build this dam, and energize the 90,000 kilowatts that it is proposed to put at its own they will need only $25,000,000 of it now. We have been ap­ dam, but 90,000 more kilowatts down the river. . propriating and appropriating and appropriating right along. Again, I want to quote Mr. Stettinius, and may I say that That is practically all we have done this session. Before we anyone who has been chairman of the board of the United get through we will have many, many more appropriation 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9715 bills. I have never seen· anything like it in my life, nor have move the coal; and when you are talking and thinking about I ever heard anything like it. putting men in this country to work, why do you not diversify Let me call your attention to the fact that Mr. Dunn also your industry and put the industries in the places where they made this statement: will be strategically placed and cut out this paper mill in the They present this and the President asks us, "Is this a thing that guise of national defense and cut out the Government fur­ is ~eeded for the national defense?" nishing the power to these municipalities under the guise of Who are "they"? Lilienthal and his gang down there, national defense; that is a dishonest thing to do; and do all who want to build up the Tennessee Valley Authority. Lilien­ of these things in a sound, businesslike way, in an honest thal and his gang, who say, "If you do not give me this, we way? Put the proposal on its merits, with no thought of will tell the Aluminum Co. that by July 1 we will turn their trying to set the Government in business in the guise of power off." Did you ever hear a sound businessman make national defense. such a threat? Then they try to create a national-defense Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Mr. Chairman, will the gen­ aspect to this so that Lilienthal _and his gang can build up tleman yield? this great power project called the T. V. A. I say it is rotten. Mr. RICH. I yield to the gentleman from Wisconsin. I do not call it a national-defense bill. I call it a camouflage Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. In view of the record, is it bill, unjust and unwarranted and unsound. not a fact that this project can be placed in the category The gentleman from· Ohio [Mr. JENKINS] just gave you mentioned by Mr. Willki~ according to Mr. Dunn's testi­ some very fine statements to the effect that instead of con­ mony, appearing on page 16, when he stated that Mr. Willkie centrating all of our aluminum manufacturing in one spot said: ~othin_g is more important than defense, and there is nothing we ought to try to divide it up and put it at other places in wh1ch might and will mask more political logrolling than the flag­ this country. All your eggs in one basket might get ,broken. waving variety of national defense. All military plants in one spot might be bombed. It has been proven by Mr. Dunn, this great engineer of · If that is what Mr. Willkie said, does it not apply to this whom you talk, that we can generate electricity by steam bill? In view of the record, is this not shown to be an more cheaply than by water. All you need to do is read his antinational defense, T. V. A. political "pork barrel" and log­ statement on pages 18 and 19 of the hearings and see what rolling piece of legislation? he says. It is important enough for me to read it so that Mr. RICH. You are exactly right. In my opinion, if there some of you will get that point. He says they can produce was ever a bill presented to the Congress that represented an steam power with about nine-tenths of a pound of coal per effort to camouflage the Members of Congress and camouflage American people, this bill is it. I tell you I cannot see how kilowatt-hour. I quote: the Members of Congress are going to support such legisla­ With the cost of steam power going down, as it has for a number of years, it has passed below the cost of water power. Water power tion under the guise of national defense. I tell you men used to be cheaper than steam power but now steam power is and women that when you talk about national defense you cheaper than water .power. have got to have in mind a sound Treasury. You have got Let me show you that to produce 120,000 kilowatts of steam to have honest pe~ple; and it is high time we got honest men power they want to spend $10,500,000, and to produce the and women to represent this Government of ours and bring balance, or 180,000 kilowatts of water power, they want to in bills just on their merits and what they will accomplish, spend $54,500,000 to build the dams and install generators. and not under the guise of national defense. [Applause.] Water plays out in drought periods-coal and oil will always [Here the gavel fell.] be here. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 min­ Does not that reveal to you, from the standpoint of a utes to the gentleman from Washington [Mr. LEAVY]. business proposition or from the standpoint of national de­ Mr. LEAVY. Mr. Chairman, let me say at the outset that fense, that you can build and equip a steam plant in one­ I am going to support this measure and I do not come down third of the time you would be able to get this water-power into the Well of the House to find fault with the judgment of development constructed; and does it not convince you that the men who brought in this legislation or who suggested it when you can build a 120,000-kilowatt plant for ten and a to the Appropriations Committee, but I do want to say this: half million dollars, and you have to spend fifty-four and a I am satisfied that the National Defense Advisory Board has half million dollars for 180,000 kilowatts of water-power elec­ not to date investigated the four corners of the United States tricity, when the sum total as stated by Mr. Dunn is not going in respect to their program. No doubt this undertaking now to be 300,000 kilowatts, but the total power generated is to be proposed is deserving, and you cannot tie to it the suggestion 280,000 kilowatts-does not that convince you, according to that it is partisan. You cannot even say that it is one sup­ the figures he gives in the report, that a steam plant should ported by the sponsors of public power as against private be constructed? power, because that is not the fact. Those who recommend Mr. LEAVY. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? this, and those who made this finding, are the best-known Mr. RICH. I yield to the gentleman from Washington for proponents of private power in the United States. They rank a question. on a par with Mr. Willkie himself. Mr. LEAVY. The gentleman will admit that the initial So it cannot be branded from that angle, and I take it cost of producing electrical energy is not necessarily the therefore that it is necessary. T. V. A. is not asking for it, measuring stick as to the cost of energy throughout the but I assert that those who sponsor it, with all respect to years after it is installed. them, have not investigated all the possibilities, and there are Mr. RICH. No; but Mr. Dunn has stated it is cheaper to going to be many new calls for the use of electrical energy, manufacture current, considering the cost of the investment and the critics of the present administration will doubtless and the amount of interest which you have to pay. I know live to see the day when they will recognize, and even admit, there are a lot of people that do not expect the Government that they were mistaken in their criticisms on the expansion ' to get anything back when the Government goes into these of this great national power program. great water projects. They expect your taxpayers and my GENERATING SOURCES AND TRANSMISSION LINES . taxpayers to foot the bill; they make up the difference in Grand Coulee has an ultimate capacity of 18 generating taxes between c'Ost and sale price; and that is why they are units of 105,000 kilowatts each. Three of these units have camouflaging and humbugging the American people in this been contracted for and are in process of construction and way. The Government operation of business most always is will be in operation before the end of 1941. The smaller at a loss; very seldom is there an exception to this. house or auxiliary units will be completed ready for service Then you talk about putting 9,000,000 men to work. I say this summer. do it by helping the miner, the railroader, and you will help The Bonneville Dam is completed and 2 units, totaling over the farmer as well, for every kilowatt generated there will be 86,400 kilowatts, are in operation. Two more units which

1 required 10 men in the mines and 3 inen on the railroads to will make the total available capacity 195,000 kilowatts, will 9716 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 30 be in operation this fall or v:inter. Two more units have been west part of Utah which are available as the best source of authorized, are in process of construction, and will be com­ aluminum in the United States. pleted by the end of 1941. At that time Bonneville's available Mr. LEAVY. Yes; and more than 30,000,000 tons of mag­ capacity will be 300,000 kilowatts. This Congress authorized nesite also available in that region in and around Grand the foundations for units 6 to 10, inclusive. The remaining Coulee. units, totaling 218,000 kilowatts, could be completed in 2 The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Wash- years' time at a very low cost per kilowq,tt. ington has expired. · The 220,000-volt transmission line connecting Bonneville Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I yield the and Grand Coulee will be completed this summer. This line gentleman 1 minute more. will have an immediate capacity of 100,000 kilowatts to shift Mr. LEAVY. According to the present national-defense current in either direction. The two 220,000-volt transmis­ program, by 1943, the requirements for the Pacific coast air­ sion lines connecting Bonneville to West Vancouver, Wash., plane production will be about 100,000 tons of aluminum. The are completed and are delivering current. The lines to Port­ plant being built at Vancouver, Wash., which will be in land, Salem, and Eugene, Oreg., are also completed, and the operation shortly, will produce 30,000 tons of pig aluminum. line frd!n Vancouver to Kelso, Tacoma, and Seattle is in Why should we not give consideration at least to cheapest process and will be completed within a year. All that is hydro power on, the face of the earth, Bonneville with more needed to give a 250,000-kilowatt outlet from Grand Coulee is than 500,000 kilowatts and Grand . Coulee, with 1,800,000 closing the gap between Seattle and Coulee. This could be kilowatts, and a steady flow of water, as an assured source. accomplished in less than a year. [Applause.] In addition transmission lines have been authorized from The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Wash­ the midpoint on the Bonneville-Coulee line to Hanford, ington has again expired. Pasco, Walla Walla, and Colfax, Wash., with branches to Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I yield now to Pendleton, Oreg., and Yakima and Ellenburg, Wash. These the gentleman from Arkansas [Mr. KITCHENS]. lines are under survey. If these lines and the Oregon branch Mr. KITCHENS. Mr. Chairman, the resolution before us lines are projected on a map it will be seen that the two States provides an appropriation of $25,000,000 for construction have a considerable coverage, which can easily take care of of a dam on the Holston River near Jefferson City, Tenn., the power requirements of any raw-material industry. These the purpose of the dam-being to create power and generate lines will provide interconnections with the public storage electricity for the reduction of bauxite ore to aluminum, 5 - systems of Tacoma and Seattle and the principal private sys­ tons of which, I am informed, are necessary for the con­ tems, thus "firming up" the installed capacity at Grand Coulee struction of one American bombing plane. ·It is estimated and Bonneville. Here is a natural set-up to supply large that a total of $65,000,000 will be required to finish the quantities of the lowest-cost power to be found in America. projects, the object of this resolution. We have in the United States, in the Northwest, power I rise before this honorable body to call attention to the galore, and it is going to be used, and I want it to be con­ fact that over 95 percent of the located bauxite-ore deposits sidered for use by the end of· 1941. There will be brought in America are in central western Arkansas and that 90 into the States of Oregon and Washington, at Coulee and percent of the ore used in the United States is from Bauxite, Bonneville, in excess of 500,000 kilowatts of power, in addi­ Ark. In this connection let me point out also that near tion to what we have now, instead of the amount mentioned these bauxite-ore deposits, at the foothills of the Missouri in the statement made by Mr. Dunn on page 11 of this record, and Ouachita Mountains, in southern and western Arkansas, where he says there will be 60,000 kilowatts. are to be found unlimited quantities of cinnabar from which I am not here to criticize Mr. Dunn, but he shows an quicksilver, an indispensable war material, is extracted. evident lack of knowledge of what there is in the West when These deposits of cinnabar are in Clark, Pike, and Howard he states we will have but 60,000 kilowatts additional of power Counties, Ark. There are numerous small cinnabar-mining out there. companies now mining cinnabar in Clark County, in my dis­ There is an aluminum plant being built there, and it will trict, and in Pike and Howard, adjoining counties in the dis­ be in production very shortly. It is being built by the only trict of my colleague, Hon. FADJo CRAVENS. In that territory concern that can produce aluminum, the Aluminum Co. of are also bentonite, the Okay clay and cement deposits, lead, America. This company has a practically 100-percent mo­ novaculite, zinc, some manganese, and the only diamond nopoly on aluminum, and this is a most unfortunate and mine in America. Allow me to call your attention also to unhappy situation. Sixty percent of the airplane construc­ the fact that just below that area, in southern Arkansas, are tion of the United States is or will be on the Pacific coast. to be found some of the greatest oil and gas fields in the The aluminum pigs that will be produced by Bonneville's world; while just to the northwest, near Fort Smith, Ark., power will have to be shipped clear across the continent to be are to be found unlimited deposits of coal, both anthracite fabricated, and when fabricated shipped back to the coast and bituminous; and on Ouachita River, near Camden, in to go into planes, and then they will be shipped back again my district, are an estimated 75,000,000 tons of lignite. across the continent. That situation should be given con­ New, Mr. Chairman, in that territory, where is located all of sideration, and there should be careful examination made of these necessary, critical, and strategic minerals, is one of the all the United States and not adopt what seems to be a policy, great rivers of the West, and the only navigable river west of and I again find myself where I must criticize. There seems the Mississippi, and I refer to the Ouachita River that rises to be an attitude on the part of the United States Army in northwestern Arkansas, flows in a southeasterly direction men that the United States consists very largely of that ter­ through the lower Ozarks, Ouachita, and Missouri Mountains ritory from this region north, and from the Mississippi River to the Mississippi River. On that river and its tributaries east, less than 20 percent of the area of the Nation, and they in these mountains are to be found some of the finest power are concentrating nearly all our defense program in this sites in America. I have been trying to excite and arouse small area. the interest of the Government in further controlling, de­ Mr. MURDOCK of Utah. Mr. Chairman, will the gentle­ veloping, and harnessing the waters of the Ouachita River man yield? and its tributaries, not only for the control of floods that Mr. LEAVY. Yes. cause great damage to the people, but for the enormous Mr. MURDOCK of Utah. And in connection with the power available in the waterfalls of that river and its tribu­ power to be developed on the Columbia River, does not the taries in the midst and vicinity of these enormous mineral gentleman think our national defense today should take into deposits. consideration the fact of the manufacture of airplanes on I am pleased to inform the Congress that, after long effort, the west coast, the power of the Columbia River, which will I now have ready for the Congress a most favorable report be available, and also 30,000,000 tons of alunite in the south- of the War Department, its Board of Engineers, Federal 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9717 Power Commission, and National Resources Board, approved tion was made the other day I received a great many letters by the President, recommending that a dual-purpose dam from people interested in the Tennessee Valley district, for flood control and power be constructed immediately at complimenting me upon my action and stating their views. The Narrows, in the midst of all of these minerals and ores, One of those gentlemen wrote: on Little Missouri River, one of the tributaries o( the Ouachita Already they have hundreds of men at work at this dam site, River, at a cost of no more than $6,800,000, and which will and our town and other towns nearby are all flooded with T. V. A. , also include protection from floods of the lands of Terre cars and men. This has been going on for 2 weeks, and the money Noire and Ozan basins. Not only will this dam and reservoir not even appropriated. give flood protection to the people, but it will generate, as a That 2 weeks' period fits in very nicely, almost exactly, beginning, 15,400,000 kilowatts of power, to be easily increased with Mr. Lilienthal's arrival in Washington, his visit to the to 30,000,000 kilowatts according to the report. President, and his reference to the Defense Commission and Likewise, in that report is a reserved approval and recom­ his appearance on the radio on the 20th of June when he men.dation of another dam and reservoir on Muddy Fork announced to the world that this measure was going to pass Creek, a tributary of Little Missouri River, also in the center before the end of the week, and that was Thursday. It will of the~e great deposits of mineral ores, the cost of which be interesting for us to know who is running this country. would not exceed three and one-half million dollars. In When my time expired under the rule, I was showing that other words, the necessary power can be generated within the recent statements and reports that have been made indicate area of the ores for $15,000,000 or less. The United States that this legislation is unnecessary and ought not to be Board of Engineers, for the first time in its history, last enacted at this time. Bear in mind that this action is August visited that area, personally inspected the dam sites, going to bind future Congresses to expenditures that are some of the mines, examined the levees, canals, and flood­ going ·to be made pursuant to this proposal. To show the damaged lands of Terre Noire and Ozan creeks, and held lack of necessity for it I want to read what Mr. Stettinius public hearings at Prescott, Ark. said in his press conference, as reported in the New York It occurs to me that as a sound business proposition, where Times on Sunday, July 14. I believe it was a report of we have all the ores and all of the potential power necessary progress that he gave out. In speaking of essential mate- ~ to develop those ores, such development in the interest of rials being made available, he said that- economy, flood control, and the best interests of the people and The aluminum industry has advised the Commission of plans ' national defense, should be in the area where such ores· and for expansion and its willingness to erect plants to cover the . minerals are to be found. I am constrained to believe that entire program as needs develop. ' those in authority do not appreciate or have been insuffi­ Now, if we have the assurances of the producers of alumi- . ciently informed of the immense possibilities of obtaining num and from the aluminum industry that they are willing cheaply, at the source and in th~ same area, all the ores, to furnish all that is necessary as the needs develop, why critical and strategic minerals, and power necessary for their do we experiment with this proposition, bind ourselves and · development where th~ greatest deposits in America are to future Congresses to spend $66,000,000, from which there will · be found. · be absolutely no benefit until December 1941 when the steam 1 Numerous dam sites for power and flood control exist on plant will be completed? The hydro plant will not be com­ Ouachita River and its tributaries, as well as on the White pleted until October 1942. River and its tributaries, in Arkansas, for the development of power equal, if not greater, than that of the Tennessee Valley, . Then last night perhaps some of you heard Mr. Knudsen ' and, mind you, this power is there in the midst, as I repeat, being interviewed over the radio by Mr. Pearson and Mr. of the greatest mineral deposits in America and in the vicinity Allen, in which he stated that by autumn American airplane of some of the greatest oil, gas, and coal fields in the world. capacity would jump from 900 planes monthly, the present I shall not oppose this resolution under the circumstances capacity, to 1,500. The present production of motors is in these perilous times. We are in an emergency to. make 2,200 monthly. America safe for Americans, and it is our purpose to build Then, of course, we have the statement of Secretary Mar- · the best and more bombing planes and the best and more genthau. It has been rather difficult for me to understand destroyers, battleships, cruisers, torpedo boats, submarines, how Mr. Morgenthau fits into this picture, but he evidently tanks, antiaircraft and antitank guns, and the most de­ speaks with authority; and he says that in addition to the structive shells and munitions in the world, but in doing American needs the airplane industry will supply 3,000 planes so let us avoid waste of time, effort, and money in obtaining per month to the British, in addition to our own demands. and reducing to use and assembling the necessary materials. There is a first line of national defense, and the gentleman Let our Government not overlook that great mineral and from Virginia [Mr. WoODRUM] kri.ows what it is. It is a ; power area in Arkansas and its other resources. Let it not stable financial policy and a sound Treasury. When we come overlook our inland and strategic position in Arkansas. to an expenditure of $65,800,000 we ought to stop and think Forty-three percent of all aluminum, it appears, is pro­ what that means. We have increased the nuisance taxes. duced at Alcoa, Tenn., from the bauxite ores of Arkansas by The tax of $1 a barrel on beer only brings in $43,000,000. Mellon's Aluminum Co. of America. Is it wise to increase Those of us who are concerned with raising revenue must and centralize our defense facilities in one area? It oc­ give some thought to expenditures. I do not propose to turn curs to me that a dispersion of such facilities is necessary the Treasury over to David ·Lilienthal and let him send it all so that the acquisition of necessary defense materials will down the Tennessee River. not be jeopardized if one plant or one area be out of com­ Here is the real reason why they want this increased missiOn. I therefore commend to the Congress, the Na­ power. They have overloaded their supply. They collected tional Defense Council, and the President a prompt consider­ $15,000,000 last year from current sold. Does the Treasury ation of the potential power, critical and strategic minerals, get any of that? It does not. It is all spent by the T.V. A. and other resources, and their immediate development in It reminds me of the story of the chap who went into the Arkansas. oil-refining business. He sold a lot of stock to his friends. Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 minutes to the gen­ When the factory was built and operating he asked them tleman from New Jersey [Mr. McLEAN]. all to come down and inspect the plant. They went down Mr. McLEAN. Mr. Chairman, out of deference to my and had a fine lunch and they saw the beautiful side walls distinguished friend, the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. all done with tile and partitions made of plate glass, beauti­ \VooDRUM], I shall not reopen the old sores and I shall say ful nickel-plated machinery all running smoothly; and one no more about past controversy in respect to the T. V. A., of the stockholders asked him, "How many barrels of oil but I shall bring him up to date on the arrogance and impu­ do you make?" He told him. He then asked, "How many barrels of oil do you sell?" His reply was, "Oh, we don't dence of the Tennessee Valley Authority. After the objec- ! 9718 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 30 sell any oiL It takes 'an the oil we make to run the plant." Mr. McLEAN. Point 5: This huge appropriation is not [Laughter J to be earmarked for this project, but it is to be in addition That is about what happens in the Tennessee Valley today. to and carried into and accounted for as a part of the T.V. A. I respect Mr. Dunn. He has made a valuable contribution appropriation for the current year. to the American Congress in the testimony he has given in There has already been made available through the T.V. A. this regard. From his testimony we can readily gather the for the present fiscal year $40,000,000. Adding this $25,- real facts. 000,000 makes $65,000,000. In addition to this it must he · Mr. MASSINGALE. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman borne in mind that they are selling power, that they collected yield? $15,000,000 this year from power sales. This will make their Mr. McLEAN. I want to read this analysis I have made of total $80,000,000. Next year it will be $94,000,000 if we give Mr. Dunn's testimony. If I have time after that I will be them the $39,000,000 in the project authorized in the pending glad to yield. bill. We are not voting for $25,000,000 but for $65,800,000. Mr. Dunn has made a valuable contribution to us who are In 1942 they will have $66,000,000. So what the T. V. A. will really conscientiously and earnestly desirous of knowing what really have for spending in these 3 years will be $240,000,000, is going on in the Tennessee Valley, and getting the good out and we get no return whatever out of the T.V. A. of the T.V. A., if it is possible, and preventing it from running Point 6: It is intended to spend this money and do this us into very serious debt. This is a digest of Mr. Dunn's work without competitive bidding. T. V. A. will be per­ testimony: mitted to award the contract for the steam plant to whomso­ Point 1. The T. V. A. supply of electricity is not only fully ever they see fit. loaded, that is, at this time, but it is overloaded, and makes In the light of the statements made by Mr. Knudsen, Mr. maximum use of the limited amount of water that is avail­ Stettinius, Mr. Dunn, and Mr. Morgenthau, that industry is able. willing to take care of this proposition, that industry is will­ Point 2. The amount of increased power sought is not the ing to furnish the material when it is needed and that our amount needed for aluminum production. In addition to that program is well under way and that we are going to have amount, there are 14,000 kilowatts for a new powder plant. 25,000 planes for the Army and 10,000 for the Navy-and That powder plant needs that power now if it needs it at all. all this before this program will be completed-why do we It cannot wait for 2 years to get it. Not $1 of this appropria­ need to authorize this tremendous expenditure? tion will go to any current furnished to that powder plant. I now yield to the gentleman from Oklahoma [Mr. MAs­ There are also 8,000 kilowatts for metallurgical work that is SINGALE]. being done at th.e Wilson Dam and 14,000 kilowatts for the Mr. MASSINGALE. Having heard the splendid speech of proposed paper mill at Savannah, Tenn. the gentleman from New Jersey and noted his enthusiasm And now here is the significant thing which leads to my I am just wondering if what he has said is correct-and I conviction that this proposition amounts to nothing more am satisfied that most of it is-whether America is not going than the T. V. A. seeking additional funds under the pre­ to be mighty hard put to find anybody on whom we as Mem­ tense of national defense. The scheme of the T. V. A. bers of Congress can rely for advice in matters of this sort, to put the measure across is to dress it up and send it when he rejects an engineer like Mr. Dunn. forth in the cloak of national defense. · They calculate Mr. McLEAN. Mr. Chairman, I do not yield further. I that against the plea of national defense resistance is may say to the gentleman from Oklaaoma that I do not reject difficult. They know it is likely to be embarrassing, and they Mr. Dunn. know that any proposal for national defense is a signal for Mr. MASSINGALE. All right, but the gentleman does not affirmative action. Hence, this is their accepted hour to ex­ follow his advice. pand their facilities one-third larger than they are at the Mr. McLEAN. I follow his advice to the extent that I ' present time. Here is a significant thing that makes me think think it proper that I should. that is true. Mr. Dunn says that 50,000 kilowatts of this Mr. MASSINGALE. Does not the gentleman feel also that increased capacity is needed for increased consumption of if he cannot accept the suggestion of a man like Knudsen, of the public and general uses of the cities that are already a man like Stettinius, that we are hard put to believe any taking it. The demands I have stated, in addition to the man? . 80,000 kilowatts for aluminum, make up the total amount of Mr. McLEAN. I will say to the gentleman from Oklahoma 220,000 kilowatts for the proposed increase. that we should put such weight on a witness' testimony as Here is their report, as published in the papers yesterday. we feel it is entitled to. We are expected to balance the I have not seen the report, but in this article the T.V. A. puts things a man says against other available evidence. If I emphasis on the growth of this Federal agency during the must say it, Mr. Knudsen appeared befo.re the Appropriations last 18 months, during which they acquired the electric prop­ Committee and did not say one single solitary word to the erties of the Tennessee Electric Power Co., the Mississippi effect that this appropriation was necessary. Mr. Knudsen Power Co., and the Alabama Power Co., all subsidiaries of the said only: "I am not a power man. I must tell you frankly Commonwealth and Southern Corporation. The T.V. A. is I know nothing about it." overloaded, Mr. Dunn says so. Mr. MASSINGALE. What about Stettinius? The third point I would make is that the Tennessee River Mr. McLEAN. Mr. Stettinius said one thing before the affords huge power when floods are coming down, but for committee and, the following Saturday, he said that the 10 percent of the time there is hardly any power there at all. industry had advised the Defense Commission that plans were The fourth point: It is the desire of the T. V. A. to trans­ being made for· expansion and its willingness to erect plants fer to this new project the technical staffs now operating to cover the entire program as needs develop, and I believe one of its other pi'ojects. that. I have faith in American industry and that American I do not blame them for wanting to keep their friends industry will supply all the aluminum and all the power we employed, and if they have finished the project on which they need for this program of airplanes. [Applause.] have been working, they have to have a new project in order [Here the gavel fell.] to keep them employed, and, according to the advice I have. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 received from my friend in Tennessee, they have already minutes to the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. GoRE]. embarked upon this project, they have already transferred Mr. ·GORE. Mr: Chairman, we have heard the Holston their staff to the new site, already spending the money they River referred to as a trickle. The gentleman from New propose to get which has not yet been authorized. York belittled its size and its potentialities. It seems to me [Here the gavel fell.] that when we are discussing the erection of a dam on a Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 additional minutes stream one of the basic questions is the size of that stream, to the gentleman from New Jersey. and its flow. 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9719 The drainage area and flow of the Holston River is an manner. All of the evidence submitted before the committee established fact, established just as surely as the altitude directly confirms this statement. above sea level of this Capitol. I would like to read some Undoubtedly the emergency calls for prompt and certain figures here which can be obtained from the ·- Geological relief and it is clear and undisputed that the development of Survey comparing the Norris Dam with the proposed Chero­ the necessary supplemental kilowatts of electricity can be kee: obtained by a steam plant in a much shorter period of time Drainage area in square miles: Norris, 2,912; Cherokee, than by the water-power plan. According to the best evi­ 3,428. dence produced before the committee, it will require not less Average annual flow in cubic feet per second: Norris, 4,600; than 2 years, and probably 3 years, to construct the necessary Cherokee, 4,800. dams and install the equipment for such water power electric Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? development, while a steam plant for the generating of such Mr. GORE. I yield. electricity can be completed and in operation within 18 Mr. TABER. What is the source of the gentleman's fig­ months. It is also quite obvious from the best evidence sub­ ures? mitted, that the stea~ plant will cost much less to construct Mr. GORE. I am citing figures from the Geological than the hydro plant and that the operating costs are much Survey. less. It therefore logically follows that efficiency, economy, Average regulated flow: Norris, 4,250; Cherokee, 5,100. and the best interest of our country at this time, in view of Average head at dam: Norris, 160; Cherokee, 114. the existing emergency and of the necessity for additional Downstream head, and the distinguished gentleman from electricity, could be obtained by the-erection of steam plants. Alabama will speak on this subject-Norris, 420; Cherokee, -Another very important element that requires our most seri­ 490. ous consideration is that of the continuity of power flow. As a matter of fact, the actual figures show that the It is also clearly shown that some of the hydroelectric Holston River is larger than the Clinch River above the Nor­ operations operated by the Federal Government, including ris Dam. It can thus be seen that the ability of the project some of those in the Tennessee Valley, have interruptions by to furnish continuous power and to provide storage for the _reason of insufficient water supply. This necessarily inter­ downstream installation compares favorably with the Norris rupts the continuity of electric power supply. A steam-gen­ project. [Applause.] erated plant will produce electric power 24 hours daily for [Here the gavel fell.] 365 days of the year. Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield such time as he may Fourth. And, i think of paramount importance, is the em­ desire to the gentleman from West Virginia [Mr. ScHIFFLER]. ployment of hundreds of now unemployed coal miners and Mr. SCHIFFLER. Mr. Chairman, I propose to vote railroad employees, some of whom are now employed by the against the pending bill, which has for its object the appro­ W. P. A. or are on direct relief. These men are trained and priation of $25,000,000 for the further extension ·of the accustomed to do their particular kind of work. They are activlties of the Tennessee Valley Authority, and I shall do . without employment today. They are being supported from so for several reasons: the Federal Treasury. They do not want such support from I am in complete sympathy with the entire necessary pro­ the Federal. Treasury. Why continue by pursuing this policy gram for adequate national preparedness and defense. I further in destroying or suppressing jobs for worthy Ameri­ shall support every necessary and rational effort to better can workmen when these men and their families seek only protect our Nation and to preserve our Government. It shall the opportunity to render an honest day's labor and receive _never be truthfully said that I have been derelict in the a fair day's wage? Tl;ley ask for nothing unjust, but only . discharge of my full duty to my country. All that I possess for that which is righteously theirs. This opportunity to in this world I will gladly and willingly give to protect and provide that employment for them should not be overlooked. preserve the blessings that have been so generously bestowed They ask only to sell their labor and to receive enough to . upon me and my fellow Americans by reason of our form of live as decent self-respecting Americans and to keep their government. I am compelled to oppose the present pro­ families and rear· their children as such. posed appropriations. I am actuated by a desire to serve Fifth. There is not one scintilla of evidence to disclose . only in that manner which will reflect such services in sub­ that private capital and private industry have been requested stantial benefits to our country. Several reasons suggest to supply the necessary power, notwithstanding that billions themselves why I should oppose such appropriation. of dollars remain idle and millions of men remain unem­ First. The Tennessee Valley Authority and the projects ployed. These two important factors in our national de­ under its control do not represent the sound philosophy which fense, when coordinated and encouraged, can give impetus supports our American way of life. To take by taxation from of incalculable value to such program. It has been sug- some of their capital for the enrichment of another group is . gested that the facilities to supply the additional required unfair and un-American. This is only justifiable when the electric power are not available. Nothing, however, has been distress and necessity of any particular group or class require done to encourage men and money to set to work and by such. When distress exists it is the duty of all to aid in the the construction of a steam generating plant put these two· relief of that distress. It must, therefore, logically follow forces energetically and cooperatively to work. that the entire scheme or plan of the T. V. A. is predicated I might urge other reasons why the present appropriation upon a fallacious foundation of unsound financing and of bill should be defeated, but I feel that I have given clear, discrimination. t.ndisputed, and sufficient sound and logical reasons for Second. The projects included within the T. V. A. are in su~h. I urge each of you to vote against such bill -in the direct competition with like facilities created and existing by in"terest of our unemployed citizens, in the interest of our reason of private capital investment. This, in spite of the · idle capital, and in the interest of real and progressive fact that much of the capital derived from taxation and Americanism, with the knowledge that eur every emergency invested in the Tennessee Valley Authority and like projects, can be met only when there is complete harmony. comes from the very people who are being injured by its I am certain that such can be obtained and a more closely program and operation. coordinated policy and plan followed, when and if, we take Third. The present appropriation is called for because of into consideration the rights and interests of all our citizens. the fact that we have an insufficient supply of aluminum Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 minutes to the gen­ necessary for the purpose of manufacturing the planned tleman from Massachusetts [Mr. GIFFORD]. number of airplanes--the desired airplanes being necessary Mr. GIFFORD. Mr. Chairman, I have often expressed my for our complete national defense. This is undoubtedly true, ·worry about the Public Treasury. ·I am worried now about and the necessary power to increase the aluminum produc­ items that will be asked for, of doubtful value for national tion can be obtained in another more efficient and economical defense. Huge appropriations will be labeled as such and you 9720 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 30 will be most unpatriotic if you vote against any measure so research aluminum can best be obtained through water­ classified. It seems to have been proven that we are to have power development near the se~t of the T. V. A. If that is tWice as much power as we will need for the purpose of alumi­ true, and I assume it is, I can see no objection to the plan. num, although I assume the gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. However, I want to go just a little further in this matter RANKIN] could use it. because the evidence does not disclose all of the elements of Mr. RANKIN. Will the gentleman yield? defense with reference to aluminum, for we are told that Mr. GIFFORD. Not now. most of the aluminum in this country is manufactured from Mr. Chairman, this purely social experiment troubles me. bauxite. We are also told that about 60 or 65 percent of I dislike to enlarge it, yet I do not want to be unpatriotic. the bauxite is imported from South America, 3,000 miles away, The gentleman from Oklahoma asked, "Are we not hard put and that only about 30 or 35 percent is obtained -in the United when we cannot take the testimony of such men as these States. The question that arises in my mind is, if this ma­ three men mentioned?" terial is so absolutely essential, and I know it is, have we Well, are we not hard put when we have only one man who given any thought to the possibility of conditions arising in can rule the Nation for another 4 years? [Applause.] South America by which we would not be able to obtain the Mr. MASSINGALE. I may say to the gentleman that it is necessary amount of bauxite? If such a condition should a rather unfortunate circumstance perhaps, but it seems that arise, where will we get our supply? What will be the source the American people have about reached that conclusion. of supply of aluminum, that indispensable material in the Mr. GIFFORD. I hardly think the American people had manufacture of airplanes, that material essential in the de­ much to say about it or whether our beloved Speaker should velopment of that implement of war so necessary in these be Vice President rather than Santa Claus. If ever my modern days? feelings were hurt, it was when I listened to the radio and I take the position that the National Defense Advisory heard the result of the votes cast at that convention for our Council will bring to this Congress, after careful study and beloved, able Speaker [Mr. BANKHEAD], who has given his all due investigation, other bills asking Congress to appropriate for the man who dictated his defeat. If there is any red blood funds for finding other sources of aluminum in our own coun­ in you Democrats, I · expect you to demonstrate it. I shall. try in order that we may be fully prepared in case bauxite So that when you say you are hard put for advice, you speak from South America is unable to reach us in such quantities truly. I do not know much about•this particular matter. to enable us to continue to manufacture aluminum. It has The gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. WIGGLESWORTH] been suggested that in South America today you could take gave you most enlightening information, in my opinion. It a bomb no larger than your hand and choke the streams on was clear, it was concise, it seemed irrefutable. which the bauxite deposits are located, thus preventing the I can hear the statement of the gentleman from Virginia shipment of 1 ton of bauxite from South America to the ringing in my ears when he.said he would not like to assume United States. I am told that these deposits are located the responsibility for holding this thing up for 2 weeks. He along small streams not much wider than an ordinary creek. made that statement some 2 weeks ago. But they actually We are told also that on some of these streams a boat cannot began operations more than 2 weeks ago. They knew we turn around but has to back up and get the bauxite from the were "rubber stamps." If there is any racket in govern­ mine. ment, it seems to be down there and there is no curb on Suppose Mr. Hitler or someone else should drop a few their activities that seems to be effective. bombs along the British and Dutch Guianas of South America We should worry about doubtful governmental spending from which practically all of our imported bauxite is obtained. and in my job of criticizing at every opportunity I may say Or suppose some other condition should arise that would pre­ that I am greatly disturbed in the way you are putting this vent the importation of bauxite, and the production of air­ over. Let us amend it. Let us do only what is necessary planes would continue to depend upon aluminum, what would and save a large amount of these millions. I am contem­ happen to our national-defense program from the standpoint plating the days ahead, the billions that will be spent without of airplanes? It would not take a great engineer or Phila­ careful consideration and under the hysteria of the moment. delphia lawyer to see that this country would be seriously [Applause.] handicapped in the completion of this particular phase of the [Here the gavel fell.] defense program. Therefore, from the evidence already be­ Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 fore us it is extremely important we should begin to give minutes to the gentleman from South Carolina [Mr. HARE]. some attention to other sources of securing aluminum than Mr. HARE. Mr. Chairman, it is very interesting for one relying solely on bauxite from which it is to be obtained. who is particularly disinterested from a personal or political I gather from reliable information obtained from the Bu­ standpoint to note the arguments made against this resolu­ reau of Mines, the Geological Survey, and the outstanding tion. Some find that it is very unwise to use water power to geologist of my State that there are inexhaustible supplies of generate electric current, a power in which this country kaolin found in my district and adjoining districts in South . stands in need at the present time, but it is quite proper if Carolina, as well as in adjoining territory in the State of the power is the product of coal and steam. In ·other words, Georgia. I learn further from reliable information that some they do not feel that water power should be used to generate of these kaolin deposits have yielded as high as 48 percent electric power. But when they find there is a necessity to· of aluminum oxide, the refined product from which aluminum have this power they think coal ought to be used instead of is manufactured. It is extremely important, therefore, that water. So on it goes. attention should be given to this situation from the stand­ However, my purpose in rising at this time is to give my point of national defense. Now, if the statements I have reaction to the testimony submitted to the House througl). made are absolutely correct, and I am prepared from the the committee hearings. source of information referred to say that they are correct, First, it is shown there is a military disturbance both in this Government should take such steps as will be necessary the Orient and in Europe. The disturbance is of such mag­ to develop the processing of these deposits or cooperate with nitude that this country feels the necessity of increasing its those who have developed means of processing same so that national defense. In outlining a national-defense program it when the peak of airplane production arises by July in 1942 is found there is a lack of airplanes, and that in order to we will be prepared to substitute the manufacture of kaolin increase this supply it is essential there be an increased sup­ into aluminum, because bauxite by that time may not be ply of aluminum, and in order to have an increased supply available. of aluminum it is necessary to have an increased supply of Mr. Chairman, in this connection, I should say that midway electric energy. The question then arises as to which is the between the kaolin deposits in Georgia and those in my dis­ cheaper and the better way to supply this energy, trict the Army Engineers, the engineers of the Federal The National Defense Council, chosen for their wisdom, for Power Commission, and others who have studied the matter their knowledge and their integrity, advises th t after due have all declared that there is the best site for the construe- 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9721 tion of a power piant in the Southeastern United States on do not have to go far to find bauxite in the United States. In the Savannah River near .Clarks Hill, S. C. This site has my own State of Arkansas, within 20 miles of Little Rock, mY . been studied, investigated, and surveyed by army engineers home town, there exists 90 percent of all the bauxite in this and others for the past 10 years or more, and time and time country, I am informed, which is the raw product from which again it has been recommended that a hydroelectric power aluminum is made. The Aluminum Co. of America owns plant be erected on this site. about 60 percent of the bauxite lands in that region and about On August 15, 1935, the President of the United States ad­ 40 percent of them are owned by individual owners. The dressed a communication to the Secretary of. War, the Secre­ Government should avail itself of all this supply of bauxite tary of the Interior, and the chairman of the Federal Power and should not confine itself to the use of that owned by the Commission, directing that a three-member board be created, Aluminum Co. of America, which now has an almost 100- consisting of one representative of the Corps of Engineers, one percent monopoly on aluminum production. from the Natural Resources Commission, and one from the I have taken up with the Advisory Council the question Federal Power Commission to make a further study and pre­ of approving a reservoir dam near Ozark in Franklin County, pare a report on the advisability of proceeding the following in the western ·part of Arkansas in the Ozark Mountains, year with the Savannah River improvement by erecting the where there is.. a sufficient flow of water for hydroelectric dam at Clarks Hill. In this report the committee says: power and where there are vast quantities of the best quality The Clarks Hill site is one of the best undeveloped power sites on of coal, which can be used jointly in the steam and water any stream entering the Atlantic Ocean from the South Atlantic production of power, the impounded water being used for States. condensation in the steam plant. It seems to me that the The estimated cost of this dam and equipment is placed at National Defense Advisory Council should avail itself of the approximately $28,000,000. This dam is within 10 or 15 miles raw products of the States where they do not have these of some of the deposits referred to, and I am firmly convinced plants as they do in the Tennessee Valley, which are owned if the development of this project were undertaken at once it by the Aluminum Co. of America. - would materially strengthen the weakest link I have been able Mr. RANKIN. To what stream does the gentleman refer? to find in our defense- program 'from the standpoint of ade­ Mr. TERRY. I am referring to a proposed reservoir on quate production of airplanes, which will continue to be the the Mulberry River in northwest Arkansas, which is known greatest defense weapon used in future wars. as the Cass Lake project. It is right in the heart of the coal In Senate Document No. 66, page 7, first session of the fields of western Arkansas where there are hundreds of coal Seventy-sixth Congress, a letter from the Secretary of War miners now ·unemployed, who would be given work by this to the chairman of the Committee on Commerce of the United project. This coal is of the highest type in this country. States Senate, April 24, 1939, says: Reputable engineers have told me that using coal at the Meritorious water-power developments are of special significance mouth of the mine in connection with impounded water to national defense. Constructed in time of peace in connection from the reservoir used for con.densation in the steam plant with the development of rivers for the benefit of navigation and for gives the cheapest power that can be produced. Here we the control of floods--or during depressions as work-relief meas­ ures-they represent, in effect, stored peacetime labor, and provide would have all the advantages of steam-power development a source of dependable power which almost certainly would be of and all the advantages of water-power development. So I great value in a war emergency. Power from the Clarks Hill project want to call the attention of this committee and the Congress would thus be available for supplying the increased power load dur­ ing war as well as the expanding market in the region of the project. to the fact that the Advisory Council, in my humble opinion. It would make possible the establishment of war industries in that is not proceeding rapidly enough in taking advantage of the region, or, in the alternative, would provide power for transmission, products of those parts of the country that are not developed by relay, to distant industrial centers. at this time. [Applause.] In a recent statement made by Dr. F. H. H. Calhoun, dean The bauxite deposits of Arkansas are well known, compris­ of the School of Chemistry and Geology, Clemson College, ing, as stated before, about 90 percent of all the bauxite in S.C., says: the United States. And y·et there is not 1 ounce of bauxite Bauxite is an ore that is formed only in tropical and subtropical refined in Arkansas. We are told that the Government de­ countries. The area in our own Southern States where bauxite sires to increase the supply of aluminum as rapidly as deposits h ave been found have been pretty well prospected, and there are many deposits of low-grade ores, which might be utilized, possible, and that it desires to avoid all lost motion and but these are not extensive enough to give us an adequate supply transportation congestion. If this is so, why would it not be for many years. Our only alternative seems to be the utilization good business for the Government and the Defense Council of .our kaolin and other clays. to aid in the establishment of a plant where the power is [Applause.] located within the same area where the raw product is mined? [Here the gavel fell.] We were told by the President that it was the part of Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 wisdom to establish small plants in various sections of the minutes to the gentleman from Arkansas [Mr. TERRY]. country in strategic areas and not place all industries in Mr. TERRY. Mr. Chairman, I was very much interested in one area, where an enemy attack might disrupt the whole the remarks of the gentleman from South Carolina [Mr. program. Why should the production of aluminum be con­ HARE] because I want to bring to the Committee thoughts fined largely to the Tennessee Valley when other sections of along a similar line. It is my purpose to-vote for the bill now the country are blessed with water-power potentialities, are under consideration. I believe that Mr. Stettinius, Mr. Knud­ strategically located in the interior, and also have the raw sen, and Mr. Dunn, the gentlemen who have recommended product itself, thus eliminating the delay, cost, and congestion this bill, are familiar with the subject, and that we should of transportation? I think this program should be scattered follow their advice. I further believe that the Tennessee as widely as possible over the country, and I submit that one Valley Authority has justified itself in this country and that area or one large industrial organization, such as the great the people of the country have saved and will save millions of Aluminum Co. of America, should not be given the entire con­ dollars by reason of the yardstick that has been furnished by trol of this most vital and strategic material. It is not good the Tennessee Valley Authority. business for the Government and is not fair to the other com­ However, I wish to say this-and I say it in all kindness munities. [Applause.] and without questioning their integrity or motives-and that Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 is, that I believe that, so far, the National Defense Advisory minutes to the gentleman from Georgia, Mr. HoBBS, or Council has not given any indication of a purpose to seek out rather I should say the gentleman from Alabama [Mr. other sources of supply of this material, aluminum, which is HOBBS]. vitally essential in the manufacture of airplanes. At page 16 Mr. HOBBS. Mr. Chairman, I am in such good humor this of the hearings Mr. Stettinius states that there is a shortage afternoon that I am not even going to resent the imputation of aluminum, and that we must increase our aluminum facil­ that I am from Georgia. I know some distinguished states­ Uies as rapidly as possible to meet the plane program. We men from that State, than whom there are no whicher, and LXXXVI--612 9722 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 30 I am delighted to be mistaken for one of those eminent up here and charge there is any politics in this bill, because gentlemen. . you know there is not. If there were any politics in it, we Neither am I surprised in the least that no Republican has surely would not be putting it in a Republican district of yet taken this Well and admitted frankly that they are against Tennessee. [Laughter and applause.] national defense if its interest runs counter to their preju- Norris Dam also was located and built in a Republican dis­ dices and selfishness. No Republican in the history of the trict. We Democrats build dams and other national-defense world would admit that, but if every person who believes it .projects where they should be built-to serve the Nation best. would just give me a dime I could pay off a large part of the . [Applause.] national debt with the proceeds. One of the troubles with [Here the gavel fell.J you Republicans is that you have not learned yet that the War Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I yield such between the States is over. ·This is no time for sectionalism. time as he may desire to the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. We ought not to play politics on any issue involving the na- KEFAUVER]. tiona! defense. And if you keep on butting you are going to Mr. KEFAUVER. Mr. Chairman, I have carefully studied butt your brains out. "Butting" is the oldest "alibi" in the the report of the hearings before the Appropriations Com­ history of argumentation. It is a clever way of trying to take mittees of the House and Senate on this resolution. I am a back door or a side door approach on an issue of this kind personally acquainted with the proposed location of Cherokee which you dare not face through· the front door. Dam on the Holston River, and have been through the enor- This whole issue boils right down to this question: Who mous plant of the Aluminum Co. of America near Maryville, knows the most about this? Those who have first-hand in- Tenn. I also personally know of many of the other indus­ formation, or those who have not? ·tries in the Tennessee Valley that are producing munitions It reminds me of the interrupted funeral down in Alabama. · and that require a large amount of electricity in their oper­ The man who was supposedly the corpse they were burying · ation. came in and interrupted the preacher just as he was ·very The Nation has embarked upon a necessary program of vigorously extolling the virtues of the deceased. "But wait preparedness. We have got to arm to the teeth and quickly, a minute, Parson, I ain ~ t ceased yet." The preacher said, -The work of supervising the*program has been entrusted to a "Now, you sit down, brother; you don't ·know -wbat you are 'nonpartisan committee in which this-congress and the AIDer­ talking about." The interrupter replied, "I sure God do, and ican people hav.e great confidence. Congress has been co­ l ,am the only man here what bas got first-hand informa- operating fully with this committee. ·And the necessity. of tion; I know damn well I ain't _dead." [Laughter and ·the case demands that performance be left to this splendid _applause.] ' committee after Congress has considered and appropriates Now, the testimony of _ tho~e people .who really know wha.t money for necessary defense measures. Likewise, we must they are talking about is una_nimous to the single point that .. to a large extent be guided by this committee as to the means this ·is a necessary · project from · the standpoint of nation~! _in making available strategic· materials which they say are defense. There is no one who disputes it. ·The Republicans, · ·necessary to produce the armaments that we must have. every single one of ~hem, admit it; but they say-that old It is difficult -for me to understand how any Member of "but," you know-"·but we _ju~t den.'t like this part. of_ it)' , ·Gongress can vote· against this reselution if' he conscientiously Now, what part Qf it is it tp~y d() _I).Ot like? The part that -believes -in preparedness. . their preconceived prejudices lead them :t() be against. Th.e A goal for the production of a definite number of planes engineers all tell you that this· i~ necess.ary:· We kn,ow it. i has been set.' It is -necessary to h·ave an additional 60,000,000 Those -of us who· have lived with this _proposition down there · .pounds of aluminum available after July 1, 1942. The cheap:.. from the beginning and toiled by :t:J.ight ~rid · ~y (lay for ye~r~ · est and surest method of making this a"luminum·avaiiable·is know it. ·There is not a single inch of -the Tennessee River I · . the building of· the dam, steam plant, and insta1lation ·of the have not flown over a dozen times-from Paducah, Ky., back up ' additional generators called for in this resolution. yonder to the sources· of· the Clinch-and the Holston. The Tennessee Valley has been selected because of alumi-

I know exactly what this place is they' are talking about. I ·num available· in that. section, and because as said by Mr. It is one of the two finest· ·natural· reservoirs ever put·- by the t ·DUnn in his statement ~fore the committee: finger of God on his footstool. They talk about there being In selecting the Tennessee Valley .as the location for the prin­ no water below the dam at Norris at this minute.' Why, that cipal power e_xpansion which we have approved, we have had in is what it is built there for, an impounding dam to stabilize mind not only the location there . of the principal plant of the . the flow of the Tennessee so. that·it-wm generate-prime· power Aluminum Co. of America but also t:Pe excellence of the organiza­ tion, technical and otherwise, that has been assembled there. On 365 days in the year, 24 hours a day. That is the purpose of account of the large developments that have already been' made in _ an impounding dam-to control the flow so that in low water the Tennessee Valley, their engineers and oth·er staffs are part of a you can boost it up and in high water you can shut it off. You .going organization, experienced ·in the· construction of dams and can catch the floods -in 1942 with this dam that they propose transmission lines to , an extent not likely to be found in any to build at the base of this natural reservoir on the Holston. e;n~irely new project not yet completed. That is the whole purpose of these dams,· and when you do And as said by him on pages 7 and 8 in the hearings before that, then every drop of water that you impound by this new the committee: dam in aid of national defense is ·going to be used, not once, There would be long delays in negotiating such a supply, and we not twice, but eight times. That is the beauty. of. a hydro­ have got T. V. A. right dqwn there wher_e the main plant of the Aluminum Co. is. Now) it is good management, when you want to electric generator; it uses but dbes ·not consume the water in'crease a manufacturing plant and a power supply, to increase an that drives it. You can use it, the same water, at every single existing manufacturing plant at an existing power supply. They · turbine downstream. I have seen the time when there was are both there right together in the Tennessee Valley. We found no other place as favorable as T .. V. A. for this large block of pow~r not a foot of water in the Tennessee River, but I have not seen increase; and, as Mr. Knudsen said it is not only for aluminum that since Norris Dam was built, 300 miles above Wilson Dam, but for other national-defense projects as well. The increase, in .and neither have you. It has stabilized the flow until we now our opinion, is justified on the aluminum alone, but almost every have more than twice as much prime power as we ever had at day now there is some new national-defense demand for power Wilson Dam before. And why do we need prime power for directed in the region of the Tennessee Valley. making aluminum? It is because it is produced by a 24 hour This expenditure differs from many that are being made a day, 365 days a year process, and if it is interrupted for for national defense. If for any reason the guns and ships we 5 minutes you can tell the difference in the product. The are building should become unnecessary and useless, the manufacture of aluminum requires continuous power. The money they cost would be to a large extent lost. That is not construction of the proposed dam .will develop .prime power . the case with the money that will be spent in this addition at eight different dams, any one of which could serve an to the Tennessee Valley Authority properties. This is true aluminum plant in its vicinity. I appeal to you to lay aside because the record shows that the additional power produced your prejud:ces about where the dam -is going to be. There . would be absorbed in any event in .3 or 4 years. It is only is not one of you who has the intestinal investiture to stand necessary to visit the Tennessee Valley and to note the opera- 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9723 tions taking place there to understand this. Sales of elec­ bought 20 saddles for every horse, and when we bought 3 trical appliances in the valley are increasing at a fast rate. branding irons for every horse. Then will arise the ghost of Other industries are requiring an increased amount of elec­ waste and extravagance. So there is suggested this afternoon tricity, so that this dam, and the additional facilities author­ · as an incident to this legislative process the question of our ized in this resolution, would be good investments even if they responsibility as we take on or spurn advice from those who · were not necessary for national defense. are expected to know. Additionally, I wish to call your attention to the fact that A member of the Committee on Appropriations, on the this dam has some value to navigation on the Tennessee morning this bill was considered, stood up in his place on the River, and it has a tremendous value for flood control in that morning of July 10 and said: it will have available 1,400,000 acre-feet of storage space for I am going to throw this responsibility upon the members of the fiood-control purposes. National Advisory Commission. I trust that this resolution will be passed overwhelmingly It disturbed me a good deal. I thought, Must I do that? so that this project already too long delayed can be com­ Must I shut my mouth on things of this kind, or do the people menced at once. [Applause.] expect me to say something if I have some notion about it and Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield the balance of my feel that perhaps we are going a little too far or making a time to the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN]. mistake. Gentleman stand in the shadow today, and the Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, let me devote a few mo­ problem that is going to disturb most of us on both sides of ments at least to a consideration that does not presently the aisle, perhaps as we put a clothespin on our respective meet the eye in this bill, but with which the Congress must noses and approve things that will rankle, is how we shall act. wrestle sooner or later. I have had a very recent experience, I do not know how you will act, but I shall have my say, and in order properly to dramatize the matter it is necessary, because I think my people will expect it. of course, to recount a few facts of the immediate past. With respect to the merit of this measure, giving it some On the lOth of July I strolled over to the Appropriations attention since the 11th of July, it occurred to me that we Committee at 3: 30 in the afternoon in the hope that a copy have the President's message on this. Remember how your of the hearings on this bill might be procured, and they were President and mine stood here in all earnestness and said not yet in print. On the 11th of July, at 11 o'clock in the that it was 4 hours from ::arazil to Caracas, Venezuela, and morning, the full Committee on Appropriations met to con­ two and a half hours from Venezuela to the Canal Zone, and sider the pending bill. After an hour of discussion we came two and a half hours from the Can~l Zone to some farther­ up to the floor. Many of the Members, of course, had already most point, and then two and a quarter hours to Kansas City, gone to Chicago, I assume, and so the request was made to to Omaha, and to St. Louis, those great metropolitan centers consider this bill by unanimous consent. The gentleman from in the Central West. In view of the development of speedy New Jersey [Mr. McLEAN] objected, and he was within ·the air navigation, he sought to emphasize the new military tech­ prerogatives of this House in so objecting if he desired. This nique in the world and suggested that those cities were not is what happened. The bill, of course, was not considered, safe if a base were established on Cape Verde, the Azores, or but we spent 3 or 4 hours discussing national defense on this somewhere in South America. Must I remind you that the floor. A few days later the Advisory Commission made are­ Tennessee Valley Authority and that area is closer to one of lease, ostensibly from them, but certainly carrying a White those bases that the President mentioned than is Omaha? House date line, in which I was mentioned, in which the It is closer than Kansas City. It is closer than St. Louis. gentleman from New York [Mr. TABER] was mentioned, and So that if :You are going to concentrate the production of in which the gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. McLEAN] was aluminum and the production of aluminum castings in that mentioned. It was some of the material that . Senator area, do we not perhaps reach the continuity of our defense BARKLEY used in Chicago at the Democratic Convention. It program and make it vulnerable in that degree, even as the disturbed me a good deal, because I received a few letters and President of the United States suggested from that rostrum telegrams as a result-none from my own district; some from on the 16th of May, 1940? New Orleans, some from South Dakota, some from New York­ Now, I see my good friend from Oklahoma [Mr. MASSIN­ couched in the most intemperate language, seeking to put GALE] here and I want to address a remark or two to the the tarred stick upon those who would dare to exercise their very pertinent and forthright question that he raised that legislative prerogatives and insist, in the name of the people, has disturbed me a great deal. Mr. Knudsen wants this, they in the name of the taxpayers of the country, that the Con­ say. I think there is no finer man, no more able man in the gress ought to exercise decent caution and some degree of country than Mr. Knudsen, but Mr. Knudsen said, according moderation in considering a bill that involves $65,800,000.· A to the hearings, that he was not a power man so he had to gentleman wrote me from Chicago that he was distressed to look elsewhere,· because his job wr.s production after he got hear that I had placed party politics above national defense the material with which to work. The question of raw ma­ and above the general welfare. terials was assigned to Mr. Stettinius, so he asked Mr. Dunn In the afternoon of July 11, when there was a quorum and others to serve on a kind of consultant commission. Now, call there were only 297 Members of the House who were we ought to be able to follow Mr. Dunn. I recognize him as either in town or who had come here to respond, and the foremost power authority in-the country, but here is t.he I say to you that certainly the people are entitled to a thing that disturbs me: Mr. Dunn has come before the com­ little more consideration than that, and that a bill that mittees of this Congress before and he has said at that time- involves that enormous amount of money is still more Gentlemen, you can manufacture electricity with steam power than chicken feed or pocket change to me and the people cheaper than you can with hydro. whom I represent. I thought it rather distressing to gentle­ Now he comes and says- men of Congress on both sides of the aisle. We are not so far removed now from an attitude of mind in this country where, I am for this-a combination of hydro and steam. if you stand up and expect to have your say in the interest of According to a letter that was addressed to my good friend, the people, the tarred stick will be put upon you by some radi­ the distinguished chairman of our committee, Mr. WooDRUM cals, by some of those who know only intemperate language. of Virginia, it was sought to be set out that you had to have a In addition there comes this problem for us. Will we have synchronized, equalized program between a steam plant and a the fortitude to stand up and exercise our own ingenuity and hydroelectric plant. I have been listening to testimony for the forthrightness of spirit and character and such capacity over 3 years on the T. V. A. and not a single engineer has ever as we enjoy in the hope of doing something for the people, or raised his voice about synchronizing and equalizing steam and will we slink and say, "Oh, they tag us now with national hydroelectric power. In fact, they have played down the defense, .and you cannot vote against that?" Then will recur steam issue. When it was raised in the Senate some years to us all the hideous ghosts of 1917 and 1918, when we bought ago by Senator VANDENBERG I went into the matter and asked 33 halters for every horse of the American Army, when we them some questions no later than tJ;lis year on the hearings. 9724 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 30 Was anything said about equalization? Was anything said · Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I yield the about synchronization? Oh, no not a word. Now it appears, .remainder of my time to the gentleman from Alabama [Mr. according to the letter of July 29 by Mr. Dunn that this is ·STARNES]. to be equalized. - The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Alabama [Mr. Well, gentlemen, it is all very amazing, I will say. If you STARNES] is recognized for 17% minutes. ask me my ordinary lay opinion, for whatever it is worth, Mr. STARNES of Alabama. Mr. Chairman, I am hopeful they will not generate a single kilowatt of prime power on that the debate which precedes the vote will not have obscured the Cherokee Dam when it is completed. What is prime the facts and the only issue in the consideration of this bill. power? Well, if I understand the term, prime power is power We are confronted here with a proposal to appropriate that is on tap and will furnish a continuous supply all the immediately $25,000,000 and to authorize the letting of con­ time, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Am I wrong? If I tracts that will call for further appropriations which will am wrong, somebody stand up and correct me. That is my raise the total amount to $65,800,000. We are asked to do notion of prime power. this in the name of national defense. We are told that there Well, let us see whether you will get the water on the is an actual, bona fide need for this power. Who present~d little Holston River. Let us see whether you will get prime this question, who defended these estimates before congres­ power. No. They want a steam plant because from steam sional committees? It was the Advisory Commission to the you will get prime power and if you gage it to a constant National Defense Council, composed -of Messrs. Knudsen, base load you will manufacture it cheaper than you will at a · Stettinius, and Dunn. These men made this presentation to hydroelectric dam. Do you know what the sensible thing the Appropriations Committee only after consultation with would be in this bill? Instead of spending $36,000,000 on a the War Department General Staff and, of course, with the hydroelectric dam to generate 90,000 kilowatts, in the hope Chief Executive of this Nation. What is the situation? that when the water comes over it will go down to Norris We stand today in the shadow of a conflagration which Dam, Chickamauga and Wilson Dams and Hales Bar and threatens a·ll civilization-and this is spoken advisedly. all the rest, the building of several steam plants would pro­ Those who have been wont to laugh and to scoff before can­ duce more power and save more than $20,000,000. not do so ,now, because none can foretell what will happen. As for the alleged re-use of the same water, you will if War is more terrible today than ever before because of the you have the water, but if you do not have the water you new and striking weapons of offense. Most terrible of all is will not. So really that is not much of an argument, as a the airplane. The present war has demonstrated conclusively matter of fact. Besides, you will have to count on a good the tremendous striking power and the tremendous destruc­ many losses up there, because I have an idea that the reason tion consequent upon the use of that striking power by the air Norris Dam has not turned out so well and the reason that forces of the various nations engaged therein. Today we they have not turned a wheel up there for some days, and have approximately 2,900 planes ready for duty. It is pro­ the reason the generators have not been working for a little posed to build within the next · 3 years, if possible, 25,000 while is probably because lots of water got away; because planes for the Army and 10,000 planes for the Navy. Mr. there are holes; because there are caves; because there is Knuds.en, while he says he is not a power expert, is charged grouting work that probably should be done, as any engineer with the manufacturing of these planes, and he tells you that could tell you; that perhaps it is not all so rosy. It intrigued it is necessary to have at least 5 tons of aluminum for each .me a good deal, so the other day I wrote to Mr. Krug, of the plane, on the average. Tennessee Valley Authority. Mr. Stettinius tells you that he is not a power expert but Mr. Krug is a fine fellow. He is one of the ablest engi­ that he is charged with the acquisition of the raw materials neers in the country. I take off my hat to him. He is one of which go into the finished product. You have the word of the ablest fellows who ever came before a committee of Con­ these gentlemen that this appropriation is vital and essential gress. He sent me a two-page letter that I got this morn­ for our plane program if we are properly and adequately to ing, and I defy any Member of this House to read that letter defend the Nation. Now, let us turn to power. and then determine whether it was responsive to the question, In the matter of power we have before us a man who is and to what extent the generators at Norris Dam had not been recognized nationally as the outstanding expert along these working and for how long. He just alludes to it very briefly lines, Mr. Gano Dunn. No one questions his ability, regard­ and says that the last generation occurred on July 21, 1940; less of whether one agrees with his political philosophy or but he does not say how many of those intervening days and economic philosophy. No one questions his integrity or his intervening weeks the generators at Norris Dam were not ability to speak on this question, and he says that this power running. That is the difficulty. If they want power in 18 is necessary. He says that this is the most logical place to months, if they want it right away, instead of running along create that power, and he says that after studying the Nation ·with a speculation that may take 2 years at the very least in every aspect. In this conclusion he is supported by the and very likely 3 years if they do not capture the spring floods President of the United States and the General Staff of the in 1942, why not do the sensible thing? Go into some of these Army. You have therefore perfect coordination between areas and build steam plants. You can build more than three these three-the man who is charged with manufacturing steam plants for the money that this dam will cost. They the planes, the man who is charged with the acquisition of will generate 360,000 kilowatts as against 90,000 of alleged the raw material that goes into the manufacture of the prime power by this dam up on the little Holston; that is to planes, and the man who is charged with coordinating the cost $36,000,000. power program of the Nation to sustain and to carry on this As for reducing bauxite, on the 12th of July the Department program of acquisition and manufacture. of Commerce sent me the figures of imports of bauxite in Why is it the best place? Because it can be produced more 1939 from British and Dutch Guiana. There were 520,000 cheaply down there; these kilowatts, 300,000-approximately tons. How much did we get in our own country? Four hun­ 220,000 of it is prime-can be produced more cheaply at this dred thousand tons. particular point than anywhere in the Nation. Then, too, You can get it from Brazil, you can get it from Dutch take into consideration the fact that the aluminum plants Guiana. You can load it on a vessel and take it up to any are also located in close juxtaposition to the dams and to the seaport city and reduce it if you want to. So it is not a ques­ steam plant which will be constructed. tion of where the deposit is located. Furthermore, as the gen­ Why can power be produced more cheaply? Simply be­ tleman from Arkansas [Mr. TERRY] said, most of the bauxite cause it is a storage dam; it is a power dam purely and is in Arkansas. The sensible thing to do would be to build simply, with no navigation aspects. It is because of the fact a couple of steam plants. Then we would know we would that it will change the secondary power down the stream .to have the power, it would cost less, and we would render the primary power and will produce an additional 88,000 kilo­ taxpayers a service. [Applause.] watts at Wilson and Pickwick in addition to the 90,000 kilo­ [Here the gavel fell.] watts of prime power produced at the dam site. The steam 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9725 plant can be used here more cheaply and more economically T. V. A.-and you have that right-to state on your authority to supplement and to implement the hydroelectric develop­ or any. competent authority that a complete case has not ment in the valley than it could elsewhere. So by the con­ been made here for the national defense. I challenge any of struction of this dam we create 90,000 kilowatts of prime you to take that responsibility even though from the very power at the dam, and with the water impounded when beginning you have constantly fought against the develop­ released to flow on toward the sea, we create an additional ment of this project. This bill is presented for the defense. 88,000 kilowatts approximately of prime power. With the needs of the Nation. Those needs are urgent and those who development proposed in this bill we raise the amount of take upon themselves the responsibility to either curtail or prime power in the T.V. A. area from approximately 683,000 delay action are assuming an awful responsibility in face of to 900,000 kilowatts. world conditions. Not all of this power goes to aluminum-oh, no-but the Mr. TABER. Will the gentleman yield? amount which goes to the production of aluminum is di­ Mr. STARNES of Alabama. I yield to the gentleman from l'ectly in the national-defense progr:am; and Mr. Knudsen New York. stated in his testimony that additional plants were being Mr. TABER. I will say on my responsibility I do not believe studied and additional sites for them would be established in this has anything to do with national defense. I believe the this area. The simple reason for this is that in this area power is available without it. we have closer together more of the essential, vital, raw ma­ Mr. STARNES of Alabama. The gentleman is merely terials for the national defense than can be found in any stating a belief based upon his own social and political phi­ other like area of America. Answering the gentleman from losophy and not one which is in accord with the facts. He· Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN] when a moment ago he asked why cannot, from any testimony by reputable witnesses given in we should locate the aluminum plant there, I may say that any congressional hearing, support any such statement. the aluminum plant was located there by private industry, Mr. RAYBURN. Will the gentleman yield? by private business from Pennsylvania. Mr. STARNES of Alabama. I yield to the gentleman from Why do they want to carry on this program in the Ten­ Texas. · nessee Valley? Simply because the War Department studies Mr. RAYBURN. Is it not true that all of the testimony made during the World War and. subsequent thereto and at before the committee given by experts was to the effect that the present time show that the Tennessee Valley area is in the interest of national defense and as the greatest link more nearly invulnerable than any other section in all of in our national defense program this additional dam on the America. That is why, Holston River is necessary? Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. STARNES of Alabama. The gentleman is absolutely Mr. STARNES of Alabama. I am sorry; I cannot yield. correct in that statement. There are calls for this aluminum. If it takes 5 tons to Mr. RAYBURN. Is it not further an amazing thing that produce a plane on an average, with a 35,000-plane program when it comes to this one thing which is separate and apart for the Army and Navy contemplated within the next 3 years, in a way from the Tennessee Valley Authority an effort to you can realize the tremendous amount of aluminum that it create additional power in order to make war materials, that will be necessary to provide. these gentlemen over there hark back to their opposition to You have the power in this area you must use in the pow­ the original Tennessee Valley Authority? Is it not true, der plants, and I call to the attention of the gentleman from further, that each and every one of these men said that as New Jersey that the powder plant at Memphis is not now far as geography is concerned and as far as the production in operation because it has not been completed. I also call of power in a cheap way is concerned this is the best location to his attention, if it needs to be called to his attention and in the United States that is available at this time? if it is worth while to do so, that the national-defense pro­ Mr. STARNES of Alabama. Absolutely; and I tried to gram upon which we have embarked will take from 5 to 7 stress that point a moment ago. There is no place in all years to complete in its entirety. Time is of the essence of America where we can find the power and an aluminum plant things in this critical hour. You have already been told by in such juxtaposition as you find in the Tennessee Valley. Mr. Dunn that the 2 weeks' delay in the consideration of this The aluminum plant was located there years ago. bill will probably delay from 6 to 8 months the acquisition of Mr. BENDER. Will the gentleman yield? generators that are essential in a steam plant; therefore, the Mr. STARNES of Alabama. I yield to the gentleman from picture has changed since he was before our committee to Ohio. the extent that it seems probable now the hydroelectric de­ Mr. BENDER. Did not the gentleman from Washington velopment can be put into use and the power supplied at the [Mr. LEAVY] point to the available power at Bonneville? dam more quickly than with the steam plant. Mr. STARNES of Alabama. Yes; and I call attention to Mr. Chairman, few people, few laymen realize the absolute the fact that Mr. Dunn also said that power was available, vital essential element of time in modern warfare. Hitler but it is going to be used in developments out there. They took 7 years to prepare. France and these other nations were cannot wait for the construction of a new plant out there and beaten to their knees because they failed to prepare. England the completion of Coulee Dam. He said it was necessary to began 4 years ago on her program when Mussolini called her begin work at once on the extension of the plant in the bluff and went down into Ethiopia. They are not even yet T.V. A. area and the extension of the hydroelectric facilities ready to withstand the threatened invasion of those lovely there just the same as they have already extended the plants islands and the possible destruction of the British Empire. in Pennsylvania, New York, and Massachusetts, where we When and if Great Britain is destroyed the last outpost of have national-defense installations, in order to meet the civilized governments between us and the totalitarian powers urgent needs of the armed forces of this Nation. has been removed. Mr. TABER. Every item of power that may be available The question was asked, Why not let the private com­ at Bonneville and at Grand Coulee will be available 6 months panies in the Tennessee Valley furnish this power? That before any of this can be completed. was answered fully and adequately by Mr. Dunn when he Mr. . STARNES of Alabama. Yes; but there will not be any stated that a study had already been made of that pos&i­ aluminum plant in the 6 months. bility prior to the presentation of this bill and the request on Mr. MASSINGALE. Will the gentleman yield? the part of the National Defense Council. He stated that Mr. STARNES of Alabama. I yield to the gentleman from after a study of the power requirements and the power Oklahoma. supply from public and private sources it was absolutely Mr. MASSINGALE. I want to ask the gentleman the essential that we have the power provided for under the same question I asked Members on the other side of this terms of this bill or that will be made possible by reason of debate. the appropriation of this bill in order to carry on the na­ If the Members of this Congress are denied the right to tional-defense program. I challenge each and every one of rely upon the advice of such eminent engineers as Mr. Dunn you who question the economic philosophy back of the and such eminent industrialists as Mr. Stettinius and Mr. 9726 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 30 Knudsen, where can we go for advice in this kind · of program to the present service area, except where power may procedure? be required for national defense. This is the difference be­ Mr. STARNES of Alabama. You have here a beautiful ·tween the amendment offered by the gentleman from Virginia example of that Scriptural quotation relating to those who and my own amendment. have eyes but see not, and ears ·but hear not. I am afraid Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, the difficulty that some are so blinded by passions and prejudices against with the substitute would consist of not being able to define certain social and economic philosophies of the administra­ the area. We are told by the engineers and the experts who tion that they cannot see any good anywhere at any time worked on this and considered language almost identical in some of the agencies concerned. I say, I am afraid that with the language in the amendment offered by the gentle­ is true. man from New York [Mr. TABER], it being desired to place a Mr. GORE. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? limitation in the joint resolution which would prevent the Mr. STARNES of Alabama. I yield to the gentleman from T.V. A. from expanding their transmission lines outside their Tennessee. present workable area--that their program is extended over Mr. GORE. I wonder if the gentleman would not inform so many counties and in so many different directions and the House just how much over-air increase in the power under such varied circumstances that the authorities would production capacity over the entire dam system the erection run into almost hopeless confusion when they undertook to of this dam to impound the waters in :floodtime will bring. define the phrase "present service area" as used in the gen­ Mr. STARNES of Alabama. If I recall correctly, the con­ tleman's amendment. struction of this dam, with the consequent impounding of I may say that this amendment which I have offered was the waters behind the dam to furnish prime power and discussed with the power people, the coal people, the T.v. A., storage capacity, plus the power made available with the and the Advisory Commission, and it was felt that this lan­ steam plant, will raise the prime power in the Tennessee guage requiring any extension of service lines to be approved Valley area from 683,000 kilowatts to 903,000 kilowatts. by the Advisory Commission of the Council of National De­ [Applause.] fense, would be sufficiently restrictive and would be a satis­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Ala­ factory solution; so I hope the substitute amendment offered bama has expired; all time has expired. The Clerk will read by the gentleman from New York will not be adopted, and The Clerk read as follows: that the amendment which I have offered will be agreed to. Resolved, etc., That the sum of $25,000,000 is hereby appropri­ Mr. JENKINS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous ated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, consent that committee amendment and the substitute there­ as an additional amount to carry out the provisions of the Tennes­ for may again be reported. see Valley Authority Act of 1933, approved May 18, 1933, as amended • by the acts approved August 31, 1935, and July 26, 1939, including The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the Clerk will again the funds necessary to begin construction of a dam on the Holston report the two amendments. River near Jefferson City, Tenn.; to begin ·installation of two addi­ There was no objection. tional electric generating units at Wilson Dam, Alabama, and one additional electric generating unit at Pickwick Landing Dam, Ten­ The Clerk again read the Woodrum of Virginia and the nessee; and to begin construction of steam electric generating , Taber amendments. facilities with a rated capacity of approximately 120,000 kilowatts The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment of­ in the area served by the Authority; and the acquisition of neces­ sary land, the clearing ot such land, relocation of highways, and fered by the gentleman from New York as a substitute for the construction or purchase of transmission lines and other the committee amendment offered by the gentleman from facilities, and all other necessary works authorized by such acts, Virginia. and for printing and binding, lawbooks, books of reference, news­ The substitute amendment was r-ejected. papers, periodicals, purchase, maintenance, and operation of pas­ senger-carrying vehicles, rents in the District of Columbia and The CHAIRMAN. . The question now recurs on the com­ elsewhere, and all necessary salaries and expenses connected with mittee amendment offered by the gentleman from Virginia. the organization, operation, and investigations of the Tennessee The committee amendment was agreed to. Valley Authority, and for examination of estimates of appropri­ ations and activities in the field: Provided, That the foregoing Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, I offer two amendments appropriation shall be in addition to and shall be covered into and and ask unanimous consent that they be considered together. accounted for as a part of the Tennessee Valley Authority Fund, Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. \Ve do not know what the 1941, as established by the Independent Offices Appropriation Act, amendments are, Mr. Chairman, and should like to have them 1941: Provided further, That purchases may be made by the Au­ thority during the fiscal year 1941 without regard to the provisions reported first. of section 3709 of the Revised Statutes and section 9 (b) of the The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the amendments. Tennessee Valley Authority Act, as amended, when in the judgment The Clerk read as follows: of the Board of Directors of the Authority such a procedure will expedite the completion of projects determined to be essential for Amendments offered by Mr. DIRKSEN: On page 1, line 8, strike national-defense purposes by the Advisory Commission of the Coun­ out the last two words of line 8, all of line 9, and the first two words cil of National Defense. of line 10, and on page 2, lines 4 and 5, strike out the words "one hundred and twenty" and insert "two hundred and forty." Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I offer a The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the committee amendment. gentleman from Illinois that the two amendments be con­ The Clerk read as follows: sidered together? Committee amendment offered by Mr. WooDRUM of Virginia: On There was no objection. page 3, line 4, after "Defense", insert the following: "Provided fur­ ther, That the extent and location of the transmission lines provided Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, the purport of the two for herein shall receive the approval of such Commission." amendments is very simple. The first one strikes out the authority to build the Cherokee Dam on the Holston River, Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I offer a substitute amend­ and the second one increases the amount of electrical energy ment. to be generated by steam from 120,000 to 240,000. The Clerk read as follows: When you strip this whole thing of all hysteria and the Amendment offered by Mr. TABER as a substitute for the amend­ ment offered by Mr. WooDRUM of Virginia: On page 3, line 4, after fine, impassioned speeches that have been made' here today, "Defense", insert the following: "Provided further, That the· extent this is the whole thing in a nutshell. Mr. Knudsen says it arid location of the transmission lines provided for herein shall be takes 5 tons of aluminum to produce an airplane. Mr. Knud­ limited to the present service area except for such national-defense sen says also that ih 1942 we will be short approximately projects as receive the approval of such Commission." 60,000,000 pounds of aluminum. Therefore, something must Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I have offered this amend­ be done to provide -aluminum with which to produce airplane ment to limit the operations resulting from this additional castings. Everybody agrees with that and goes along with 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9727 it wholeheartedly. He then turns to Mr. Stettinius who is serve what little water it has. Now confronted with a na­ purveying and providing raw materials, and Mr. Stettinius, tional emergency and heavy demands on its power for the looking over the situation as to where an adequate supply of development of the manufacture of aluminum for our air­ aluminum can be procured, takes into his confidence Mr. planes, it is unable to fulfill its principal obligations of assist­ Gano Dunn, power consultant, and others and they decide ing the national defense by its own confessions. that in order to produce that amount of aluminum they need Two or three years will be required before the installation additional power. That is where we come to a divergence of now under consideration will be generating power. Had views. They need aluminum for aluminum castings and they T.V. A. fulfilled its moral and legal obligations to prepare to need power with .which to produce the aluminum, and the meet the demands of national defense this agency would not question for us to determine to~ay is where and how shall now be in the embarrassing position of coming before Con­ the power be generated. Mr. Dunn says it should be gener­ gress with the confession of mismanagement. ated by hydro and steam to cost over all $65,800,000. Here As to actual shortage of power in this dry year there can be is an alternative proposal to generate this power with steam no question, and unless the fall rains begin early they will be for wbich we can spend $25,000,000 for two steam plants confronted with a serious problem by November. and generate the same amount of power. I suppose it would be unwise to oppose this appropriation You want the proof? Let me establish how the gentle­ without qualification, but it certainly is apparent that the man from Alabama, my good friend [Mr. STARNES], was talk­ management ofT. V. A. has been remiss in its duties by ignor­ ing by the card and, certainly, not according to the facts, ing the national-defense factor and it has purchased more because here is a letter that Mr. Dunn sent to Mr. Stettinius and more markets for its load in the blithe assurance that if on July 1, 1940, at page 10 of the hearings: its national-defense activities should arise Congress would · The net amount of increased power made available by the meekly accord it more funds for more generating capacity. 800,000 kilowatts of installed capacity is in the neighborhood of It is amusing to me to hear these new dealers paying 220,000 kilowatts. tribute to some of the economic royalists whom they have The net increase will be 220,000 kilowatts. That is 0. K. been ignoring or denouncing for the last 8 years. When Mr. with me and I go along with it wholeheartedly. So here is Knudsen and Mr. Stettinius and all the rest of them gave you an amendment to provide 20,000 more kilowatts than· the advice about the New Deal and its experiments you threw net that Mr. Dunn himself expects from this kind of in­ their advice and recommendations out the window. stallation. If that is not going along with the program, I Mr. Knudsen has been quoted here as saying that 5 tons do not know what the Congress could do in order to per­ of aluminum are required for every airplane. I understand suade everybody of their interest in a program of this kind. from the testimony that Mr. Knudsen says that 5,000 pounds They want 220,000 kilowatts of power. We will give them are necessary. There are 2,000 pounds in a ton, and I believe 240,000 with this amendment. We will give that 240,000 at that is exactly what is required-about two and a quarter an infinitely less cost and at the same time confer a service or two and a half tons, instead of 5 tons, as has been repre­ on the taxpayers of the country and fully subserve every sented. You know the Tennessee River :flows through five interest of national defense as Mr. Knudsen and Mr. Stet­ States and drains the entire Nation. During the years 1940, tinius have given it to a committee of the Congress. 1941, and 1942 we have been asked to appropriate and we Mr. JENKINS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, will the gentle­ are appropriating approximately $240,000,000 to operate the man yield? T. V. A., and what is happening to that money and what Mr. DIRKSEN. I yield to the gentleman from Ohio. returns are we getting on our investment? Judge LEAVY Mr. JENKINS of Ohio. In addition to that, according to points out, and Representative ANGELL pointed out the other the gentleman's amendment, all that power will be primary day, that at Bonneville we have a great opportunity to pro­ or constant power ready every day in the year. duce aluminum, because of that vast power plant there. It Mr. DIRKSEN. Definitely, it will be prime power in the is not being used, or taken advantage of, and I say it is wrong for these people to come in here, under the guise of national sense it will be on tap 24 hours a day and 365 days in the defense that they ignored, asking for this appropriation at year, and besides that, if time is of the essence of this thing, this late hour. [Applause.] Mr. Dunn himself has stated before the committee that a The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Ohio steam plant can be completed in 18 months, while this dam has expired. may take 2 years or it may take 3 years. Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition to the I think this proposal will more nearly serve national de­ amendment offered by the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. fense than the proposal brought to us by the committee. DIRKSEN], which would eliminate the authorization for the Bo there is the situation in a nutshell for your disposition. construction of this dam by the Tennessee Valley Authority. [Applause.] I have been in this House for many years, and have ob­ Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I ask unani­ served many interesting spectacles, but never have I witnessed mous consent that all debate on this amendment close in 15 so many suicidal confessions on the part of Republican mem­ minutes, and I want the last 5 minutes. bers, in the light of their records on the power question, as I The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the have seen today. They have quoted and requoted the testi­ ·gentleman from Virginia? mony of Mr. Gano Dunn whom they regard as an authority There was no objection. on this subject, in which he says: ' Mr. BENDER and Mr. RANKIN rose. The CHAIRMAN. The. Chair recognizes the gentleman Steam power is cheaper than water power. from Ohio [Mr. BENDER]. I have said time and time again that electricity could be Mr. BENDER. Mr. Chairman, I am sorry I have not as generated, with either coal, oil, or gas, and distributed at much inft.uence with the Chairman as the gentleman from the T. V. A. yardstick rates, to the people in every section Mississippi [Mr. RANKINJ, but it is all right. I will take my of every State in the Union without loss on legitimate 5 minutes any time I can get them. investments. So fanatical hasT. V. A. been in the last few years to spend These Members now arise and qtiote the statement of Mr. for public ownership and operation of the electrical business Dunn, an authority on this question, to the effect that elec­ that it today finds itself with more market than it can actively tricity can be generated more cheaply with steam than with serve in a year of low water. In fact, today it is purchasing water power. When they do that, they confess that they have large blocks of off-peak power from utilities in order to con- been wrong and I have been right, when I have contended that 9728 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 30 electricity could be generated with gas, coal, oil, or water power operating expenses, after allowing for taxes, sinking funds, and distributed to the ultimate consumers throughout the en­ depreciation, and reasonable returns on legitimate invest­ tire country at the T.V. A. yardstick rates, thereby saving the ments, are still required to pay this annual overcharge rang­ American people approximately $1,000,000,000 a year on their ing from $157,000,000 according to the T. V. A. rates, to - light and power bills. $176,000,000, according to the Ontario rates-for which they Now these worthy gentlemen are compelled to confess their get nothing in return. errors. The gentleman from Dlinois [Mr. DIRKSEN], in order Several years ago I said on the floor of this House that to save his face with the people of illinois, must now go back electricity could be generated with coal about as cheaply as home and get down on his knees, so to speak, and confess to with water power. The distinguished gentleman from Penn­ the people of Dlinois that he was wrong, and that I was right, sylvania [Mr. RicH] took issue with me and demanded that when I stated that the people of illinois were overcharged I submit the proof. Now, he comes in, quotes the words of $69,000,000 a year for their electric lights and power. Think Mr. Dunn to the effect that steam power is cheaper than of it. For electricity generated in Illinois, by Dlinois coal, water power, and uses that as an argument against the build­ or Illinois water power, the J:eople of the State of Illinois are ing of this dam, overlooking the fact that this dam will be forced to pay the enormous overcharge of $69,000,000 a year, conserving a great. natural resource, while burning coal according to the T. V. A. rates, $79,000,000 a year according would be exhausting one; overlooking the fact that in addi­ to the Ontario rates, and $85,000,000 a year according to the tion to contributing to the national defense, this dam will Tacoma, Wash., rates. In 30 years it would amount to more help to control floods, conserve the soil, protect the growing than twice the amount of the indemnity Germany imposed timber, and supply water for the generation of power at on France in 1871. the dams below. . The gentleman from Ohio [Mr. JENKINS], the gentleman But the most remarkable thing about this statement of the from Ohio [Mr. BENDER], and all the other Republican Mem­ gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. RICH] is his walking into bers from that State who have fought the T. V. A. and the the trap and inferentially confessing that he has been wrong administration's power policies generally must now go back and I have been right in my contention that the people of to the people of Ohio and confess that they have been wrong Pennsylvania are overcharged $72,000,000 a year for tlieir and that I have been right, and that the people of Ohio are electric lights and power according to the T. V. A. rates, paying an overcharge of $47,000,000 a year for their own $76,000,000 according to the Ontario rates, and $105,000,000 electricity, generated in the State of Ohio with Ohio coal and according to the Tacoma, Wash., rates. He must now go back Ohio water power. That is more than the value of the entire to the people of Pennsylvania and admit to them that they wheat crop of Ohio. · can generate power with Pennsylvania coal anywhere in that The stentorian gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. ScHAFER] State as cheaply as it can be generated with waterpower, and his colleague [Mr. BoLLEs], who is continuously sniping and that it can be distributed at the T. V. A. yardstick rates, at the T.V. A., must now go back to the people of Wisconsin or the Ontario-rates or the Tacoma rates to every consumer and confess that they have been wrong and that I have been in Pennsylvania, without loss on legitimate investments. right in my contention that the people of Wisconsin are over­ Why, Mr. Chairman, in 1871, when the German Army charged $20,000,000 a year for their electric lights and power, crushed the French Republic, the German Empire imposed because this power can be generated in Wisconsin with either upon France an. indemnity of $1,000,000,000, which the people coal or water power and distributed .to the people of Wis­ of France were required to pay within 30 years. Yet the people consin at the T. V. A. yardstick rates, after paying all over:­ of New York, the people of Pennsylvania, the people of head expenses together with a reasonable return on legiti­ Michigan, the people of Illinois, the people of Ohio, Massa­ mate investments. chusetts, or New Jersey-the people of any one of these You Republican Members from Indiana must now go back States, are paying overcharges for electric lights and power home and confess to the people of Indiana that you have that, in 30 years, will amount to far more than the indemnity been wrong and I have been right in my contention that the imposed by Germany.upon the conquered republic of France. people of Indiana are overcharged more than $24,000,000 a In 30 years these overcharges in Pennsylvania would year for their electric lights and power, which is more than amount to more than $2,000,000,000; in 30 years these over­ the value of the wheat crop of the entire State. charges in illinois would amount to more than $2,000,000,000; The gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. GIFFORD], who in 30 years these overcharges for electricity in the State of referred to me in his address, and all the other Republicans New York would amount to more than $4,000,000,000; in Ohio from Massachusetts who have opposed the T.V. A. and the these overcharges in 30 years would amount to $1,400,000,000. power policies of this administration generally must now go In Michigan they would amount in 30 years to $1,200,000,000, back to the people of Massachusetts and confess to them that and in New Jersey or Massachusetts they would amount to they have been wrong and I. have been right in my conten­ more than $1,500,000,000. tion that the people of Massachusetts are overcharged $44,- I have listened to the gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. 000,000 a year for their electric lights and power. McLEAN] and other Republican Members from New Jersey, It must be humiliating indeed to the distinguished gentle­ not only opposing this measure but opposing every other man from New York [Mr. TABER] to have to accept this state­ measure affecting the Tennessee Valley Authority. They must ment of Mr. Dunn and go back to the people of New York now go back to the people of New Jersey and admit that they and acknowledge that he has been wrong and I have been have been wrong and I have been right in my contention right in my contention that the people of the State of New that electricity could be supplied to every consumer in that York are overcharged $157,000,000 a year for their electricity State at the T. V. A. yardstick- rates, which would save according to the T. V. A. rates, $179,000,000 according to the the consumers of New Jersey more than $47,000,000 a year, Tacoma rates, and $176,000,000 a year according to the according to the T. V. A. rates; more than $56,000,000, ac­ Ontario rates. cording to the Ontario rates; and more than $63,000,000 a This power can be generated with either coal, oil, or water year, according to the Tacoma, Wash., rates. Unless we can power anywhere in the State of New York approximately get them relief from these ·exorbitant rates, the people of New as cheaply, as it is being generated with water power on Jersey alone will pay in overcharges in 30 years far more the Tennessee River, the Colorado River, or the Columbia than the $1,000,000,000 indemnity Germany imposed on River, according to the testimony of Mr. Gano Dunn. France in 1871. Then, where does this $157,000,000 to $176,000,000 of an­ All you Republican Members who have fought me on this nual overcharges the people of New York have to pay­ issue must now go back home, confess your errors, and tell where does it go? It costs just as much to distribute elec­ the people of your States that you have been wrong and that tricity generated by water power as it does to distribute it I have been right in my contention that the American people when generated with oil, or gas, or wood, or corn cobs--and are overcharged approximately $1,000,000,000 a year for their no more. But the people of New York, after paying all the electric lights and power, as the following table will show. 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9729

TABLE 1.-TotaZ electric sales for ultimate consumption, 1938

Estimated sales data for 1938 Estimated revenues and consumer savings under rates in effect in-

Tennessee Valley Province of Ontario, State Authority Tacoma, Wash. .Canada Number of Total kilo- Total customers watt-hours revenues Over- Revenues charges Revenues Overcharges Revenues Overcharges

Alabama ______227, 517 1, 353, 415, 000 $21, 504, 052 $14, 203, 547 $7,300,505 $11, 117, 368 $10, 386, 684 $13, 248, 836 $8,255, 216 Arizona._------Arkansas ______64,360 417,176, 000 7, 983,960 3, 664,696 4, 319,264 2, 895,926 5, 088,034 3, 478, 845 4, 505,115 136,552 472,128,000 11,868,951 6, 187, 408 5, 681,543 4, 962,367 6, 906,584 4, 600,354 7, 268,597 California ______2, 040,466 8, 177,854, 000 152, 273, 910 119, 331, 903 32,942,007 95,331,778 56,942, 132 111, 935, 916 40,337,994 Colorado. ______-----_----- 226,545 581, 891, 000 17,802,306 9, 269,371 8, 532,935 7, 544,875 10,257, 431 8, 203,424 9, 598,882 Connecticut ______491,754 1-, 284, 372, 000 38,986,091 21,380,153 17, 605,938 16,491,690 22,494,401 18,725, 507 20,260,584 Delaware. __ ------52, 222 189, 493, 000 4, 451,948 2,446,496 2, 005,452 1, 986,869 2, 465,079 2,198, 379 2, 253,569 District of Columbia ______157,325 710, 877, 000 12,960,335 9, 934,858 3, 025,477 8, 408, 115 4, 552,220 8, 864,071 4,096, 264 Florida ______304,520 822, 238, 000 28,347,451 12,851,303 15,496, 148 10,873,163 17,474,288 11,089,603 17,257,848 Georgia_------273,925 1, 517, 731,000 28,196,918 17, 170, 507 11,026,411 13,977,940 14, 218,978 15,622,004 12, 574, 914 Idaho ______._------_------100,656 585, 330, 000 8, 475,119 4, 978,110 3, 497,009 3, 927,547 4, 547,572 4, 572,773 3, 902,346 Illinois ______----__ __ ------_------2, 195,590 - 6, 936, 786, 000 161, 177, 634 91,262,377 69, 91fi, 257 75,697,361 85,480,273 81,442,602 79,735,032 Indiana ______---___ --_---.----- 758, 043 2, 476,349, 000 58,634,803 34, 5?A, 525 24,110,278 28, 308,885 30, 325, 918 31,326, 109 27, 308,694 Iowa ______----______------487, 723 1, 212, 592, 000 32,676,846 18,215, 149 14,461,697 15, 230,461 17,446,385 16, 221,662 16,455,184 Kansas ______-----______---_---- 342,294 952, 000, 000 24,692,966 13,918,271 10,774,695 11,483,545 13,209,421 12,448,429 12,244,537 297,516 934, 158, 000 22,563,974 13,649,563 8, 914,411 11,043,513 11,520,461 12,527,974 10,036,000 258,700 939, 577, 000 20,716,925 11,253,054 9, 463,871 8, 861,139 11,855,786 10,305,637 10,411,288 Main~:ti;~~~:~======e._~ ------202,707 818, 603, 000 14,026,488 7, 747,721 6, 278,767 6, 217,950 7, 808,538 7,092, 029 6, 934,459 Maryland ______377, 033 1, 560, 193,000 32,012,400 18,820,992 13, 191,408 15,403,831 16,608,569 17,062,812 14,949,588 Massachusetts. _____ ------1, 268,924 2, 744,451, 000 87,941,621 43, 454,530 44,487, 091 36,663,560 51, 278,061 37,834,398 50,107,223 Michigan. __ ------1, 309,501 4, 334, 243, 000 98,411,598 58, 381, 178 40,030,420 48,996, 575 49,415,023 50,815,065 47,596,533 Minnesota._------544, 43Q 1, 475, 258, 000 39,260, 40t.l 22,828,100 16,432,306 18,924,425 20,335,981 20,197, 023 19,063,383 108,828 366, 132, 000 9, 976,497 5, 327,058 4,649, 439 4, 293,965 5, 682, 532 4, 895,346 5,081,151 ~~~~s~!:f.~~i=~======::::::::: 725,134 2, 450,217,000 54,277,898 33,272,487 21,005,411 27,687,599 26,590,299 29,713,012 24,564,886 Montana ______121,185 1, 283, 681, 000 12,383, 154 8, 267,743 4,115, 411 6, 260,075 6, 123,079 7, 963, 192 4, 419,962 Nebraska __ ------229, 129 604, 093, 000 16,928,989 9, 829,820 7, 099, 169 8,232, 807 8, 696,182 8, 784,164 8, 144,825 Nevada. _____ -__ ------. 21,161 100, 294, 000 2, 377,033 1,435,448 941,585 1, 155,802 1, 221,231 1, 356,239 1,020, 794 New Hampshire ______140,355 284, 275,000 9,427,843 4, 870,022 4, 557,821 3, 909,970 5, 517,873 4, 394,394 5,033, 449 New Jersey __ ------1, 217,363 2, 894, 399, 000 93,718,647 45,641,305 48,077,342 38,144,037 55,574,610 39,982,271 53,736,376 New l\1exico. ------45,026 86,227,000 3, 708,493 1, 535,553 2,172, 940 1, 345,718 2, 362,775 1, 337,789 2,370, 704 New York __ ------3, 948,993 12, 533, 482, 000 315, 363, 963 157, 491, 530 157,872,433 135, 502, 280 179, 861, 683 138, 680, 881 176, 683,082 North Carolina_------329,842 1, 930, 127, 000 32,841,6.19 21,258,927 11,582, 712 16,356,699 16,484, 940 20, .14.1, 485 12,498,154 North Dakota______------78,862 133, 041, 000 5, 334,909 2, 597,702 2, 737,207 2, 290,611 3, 044,298 2, 220,255 3,114, 654 Ohio ______------1, no, 397 6, 027, 100,000 131, 084, 622 83,212,635 47,871,987 67,116,491 63,968,131 75,051,353 56,033,269 Oklahoma. ______--______289,758 934, 645, 000 23,959,480 12,506,812 11,452,668 8, 494,791 15,464,689 11,284,465 12,675,015 Oregon ______278,965 1, 030, 117, 000 20,086,066 13,671,592 6, 414,474 11,068,879 9, 017,187 12,470,054 7, 616,012 Pennsylvania. __ ------_ 2, 365,768 9, 687, 374, 000 198, 143, 535 125, 629, 965 72,513,570 93,139,291 105,004,244 121, 307, 928 76, 8.35, 607 Rhode Island._------199,466 528, 535, 000 15,568,308 8, 032,381 7, 535,927 5, 857,637 9, 710,671 7, 334,334 8, 233,974 South Carolina ______136,336 1, 037, 410, 000 16,075,821 10,355,884 5, 719,937 7, 900,761 8,175, 060 9, 945,941 6, 129,880 South Dakota______87,351 157, 498, 000 6, 318,130 2, 986,941 3, 331, 189 2, 588,963 3, 729,167 2, 601,633 3, 716,497 Tennessee ______-- __ ------___ ------288,300 1, 294, 358, 000 25,742,724 18,468,437 7, 274,287 14,900,146 10,842,578 16,835,145 8, 907,579 T exas.------840,627 2, 889,172,000 69,243,509 38, 146, 547 31,096,962 26,923,305 42,320,204 34,261,783 34,981,726 Utah ______118,637 680, 271, 000 11,653,174 7, 225,560 4, 427,614 5, 552, 716 6,100, 458 6, 760, 098 4, 893,076 88, 722 192, 365,000 6, 425,012 3, 633,383 2, 791,629 2, 802,938 3, 622,074 3, 438,715 2, 986,297 332,449 1, 195, 093, 000 27,788,391 16,686,808 11,101,583 13,549, 229 14,239,162 15, 077,497 12,710,894 Washington~r::~~~ ======______------__ 474,471 2, 342, 699, 000 34,067, 104 23,574,839 10,492,265 19,793, 159 14,273, 945 21,443,757 12,623, 347 245,610 1, 43~. 003, 000 25,839,078 15, 721,888 10, 117, 190 12,290,979 13,548, 099 14,830,146 11,008,932 Wyoming~f:~o~~~~~~====::::::::=:::::::::: ______690,394 2, 127, 548,000 49,483,978 28,625,736 20,858,242 23,339,268 26,144,710 25,741,082 23,742,896 39,000 106, 996, 000 3, 658,534 1, 569,671 2, 088,863 1, 295,573 2, 362,961 1, 418,463 2, 240,071 TotaL ___ ------27,290,432 94, 832, 867, 000 ::.2, 146,443, 233 1, 257, 050, 486 889,392, 747 1, 016, 142, 572 . 1, 130, 300, 661 1, 139, 286, 874 1, 007, 156, 359

These overcharges are in addition to all operating expenses these States as cheaply with coal as with water power, you and reasonable returns on legitimate investments. Let the clinch the last argument in favor of my contention that we people of every State read them, analyze them, and under­ can force light and power rates down to the T.V. A. rates, to stand them, and they will realize that we are paying a tribute, the Tacoma rates, or to the Ontario rates, without injury to an indemnity, if you please, to this organized juggernaut legitimate investments, and save the American people over­ known as the Power Trust amounting to approximately charges that amount to approximately $1,000,000,000 a $1,000,000,000 a year, the amount the French people were year. required to pay as result of the War of 1871. They paid it within 30 years. In the next 30 years, unless your people get In order that consumers of electricity in every State may relief from these exorbitant rates they will pay tributes in make their own comparisons, I am also inserting the tables overcharges for their electric lights and power alone that will showing the overcharges the consumers in all three classes, amount to approximately $30,000,000,000. residential, commercial, and industrial, paid in every State in When you confess and prove by such outstanding authority the Union, and in the District of Coiumbia during the year as Mr. Dunn that electricity can be generated in any one of 1938.

TABLE 2.-Residential electric sales, 1938

Estimated sales data for 1938 Estimated revenues and consumer savings under rates in effect in-

Tennessee Valley Province of Ontario, State Authority Tacoma, Wash. Number of Total kilowatt- Total rev- Canada customers hours enues Revenues Overcharges Revenues Overcharges Revenues Overcharges . Alabama ______165, 236 189, 972, 000 ~5, 788,628 $4,063, 617 $1, 725,011 $3,351,616 $2,437,012 $2,894,314 $2,894,314 AriZOI)a. ------_----. _ 41,973 38,192,000 1, 857,716 800,676 1, 057,040 659,489 1, 198,227 570, 319 1, 287,397 Arkansas ______92, 587 65,458,000 3, 475, 153 1, 633,322 1, 841,831 1, 344,884 2,130, 269 1,160, 701 2, 314,452 Cal if ornia. ______1, 403, 075 1, 189, 108, 000 41, 152,607 28,683, 367 12,469,240 23,621,596 17.531,011 20,411,693 20,740,914 Colorado ______172, 159 120, 337, 000 6, 115, 416 3,100, 516 3, 014,900 2, 556,244 3, 559,172 2, 207,665 3, 907,751 Connecticut______419,438 382, 151, 000 16,457,291 9, 331,284 7, 126,007 7, 685,555 8, 771,736 6,632, 288 9, 825,003 Delaware ______------__ 44,.102 36,826,000 1, 792,819 891,031 901,788 733, 263 1, 059,556 634,658 1,158, 161 District oi Columbia.------134,726 142, 891, 000 3, 990,953 3, 480, 111 510,842 2, 865,504 1, 125,449 2, 478,382 1, 512,571 Florida ______----______235,867 247, 973, 000 12, 034, 778 5, 632, 2i6 6, 402,502 4, 645,424 7, 389,354 4, 007,581 8, 027, 197 Georgia. ------219,654 289, 675, 000 8, 882,341 5, 5.51, 46.1 3, 330,878 4, 574,406 4, 307,9.15 3, 952,642 4, 929,699 Idaho ______------__ 62,985 95,090,000 $2,685,657 $1,579, 166 $1,106,491 $1,299,858 $1,385,799 $1,125,290 $1,560,367 lllinois ... ------1, 737,790 1, 298, 790, 000 56,123,586 34, 179, 264 21,944,322 . 28, 174,040 27,949,546 24,357,636 31,765,950 Indiana•••••• ------· 576,192 442, 201, 000 19,368,027 11,310,928 8,057,099 9, 316,021 10,052,006 8,057,099 11,310,928 9730 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE JULY 30

TABLE 2.-Residential electric sales, 1938-Continued

- Estimated sales data for 1938 Estimated revenues and consumer savings under rates in effect in- Tennessee Valley Province of Ontario, State Number of Total kilowatt- Total rev- Authority Tacoma, Wash. Canada customers hours enues Revenues Overcharges Revenues Overcharges Revenues Overcharges Iowa ______------______372,1215 263,017, oou $12, 217, 167 $6,609,487 $5,607, 68G $5,448,856 $6,768,311 $4, 703,609 $7,513-,558 Kansas. _____ ------______266, 194 204, 048, 000 9,107,086 5,008,897 4, 098,189 4,125, 510 4, 9R1, 576 3, 569,978 5, 537, 103 Kentucky _____ ------______------______224,401 169, 457, 000 6, 881,952 4, 177,345 2, 704,607 3,440, 976 3, 440,976 2, 973,003 3, 908, 949 Louisiana ______-----______209,574 126, 737, 000 7, 027,338 3, 513,669 3, 513,669 2, 895,263 4, 132,075 2, 501,732 4, 525,606 Maine ______- ~ ______140,584 98, 142,000 4, 826,611 2, 413,306 2, 413, 305· 1, 988, 564 2, 838,047 1, 718, 274 3, 108,337 Marylflnd ______------______304,582 245, 677, 000 10,288,792 6, 245,297 4, 043,495 5, 144,396 5, 144,396 4, 444,758 5, 844,034 Massachusetts __ ------______1, 064,743 686, 200, 000 35,124,729 18, 159,485 16,965,244 14,963, 135 20,161,594 12,890,776 22,233,953 Michigan ___ ------~------1, 090,584 1, 093, 070, 000 36,801,377 25, 135,340 11,666,037 20,682,374 16, 119,003 17,885,469 18,915,903 Mississippi_Minnesota ______------____ ------____ 425,161 397, 751, 000 14,427, 547 8, 945, 079 5, 482,468 7, 372, 477 7, 055,070 6, 3_76, 976 8, 050,571 75,376 64,640,000 2, 924,631 1, 579,301 1, 345,330 1, 298,536 1, 626,095 1,123, 058 1, 801,573 Missouri_ ____ ------______--_ Montana ______588,107 516, 812, 000 19,475,676 12,035, 968 7,439, 708 9, 913, 119 9, 562,557 8, 569,297 10,906,379 87,043 82,370,000 3, 166,860 . 1, 649,934 1, 516,926 1, 358, 583 1, 808,277 1,174, 905 1, 991,955 Nebraska __ -·------176,361 144, 288, 000 6, 317,862 3,474, 824 2, 843,038 2, 861,991 3, 455,871 2,476, 602 3, 841,260 Nevada ______------14,940 16,403,000 661,961 301, 192 360,769 247,573 414,388 214,475 447,486 New Hampshire ___ ------102, 877 69,805,000 3, 686,075 1, 736, 141 1, 949, 934 1, 430, 197 2, 255,878 1, 234,835 2, 451,240 New Jersey __ ------~ ---- 1, 019,214 708, 495, 000 37,455,844 18,877,745 18,578,099 15, 544, 175 21,911,669 13,446,648 24,009,196 New Mexico _____ ------__ 32,846 23,601,000 1, 348,452 556,911 791,541 458,474 889,978 396,445 952,007 New York _____ ------3, 214, 644 2, 216, 954, 000 108, 405, 661 58,864,274 49,541,387 48,457,330 . 59, 948, 331 41,9,52, 991 66,452,670 North Carolina ___ ------~ ------~ ---- 208,478 208, 760, 000 7, 652,671 4, 530,381 3,122, 290 3, 734,503 3, 918, 168 3, 229,427 4,423, 244 North Dakota. ___ ------57,063 50,018,000 2,183, 353 1, 115, 696 1, 067,662 !!17, 010 1, 266.348 792,559 1', 390,799 Ohio ______------____ ------1, ~04, 129 1, 230, 441, 000 45,748,718 30, 23!), 903 15, 50S, 815 24, 933,0f.l 20,815,667 21,.5_47,646 24,201,072 Oklahoma ____ ------214,260 157, 927, 000 8, 192,205 3, 948.643 4, 243.562 1, 267, ~05 6, 924,900 2, 809,926 5, 382,279 Oregon.::... ______----______182,009 249, 265, 000 6, 61l7, 0-13 4, 306,910 2, il60, 133 . 3, 546,867 3, 120, 176 ::!,066, 840 3, 600,203 Pennsylv~nia_ ------__ 1, 925,887 1, 585, 247, 000 413,-162,484 27, S17, 466 20,645,018 22.922,755 . 25, 539, 729 19,821, 11\6 28. 6!1, 323 RhodP. Island __ ------169,249 101, 176,000 5. 971,517 2, 7-'i8, 'M1 3, 212,676 2, 269,176 3, 702,341 1, 964,629 1,006, 883 South Carolina ______------______89,057 100, 2881 000 3, 489,551 2, 173,990 1, 315,561 1, 790, 140 1, 699.411 1, 545,871 1, 943,680 South Dakota ___ ------______63,719 52,537, 000 2, 412,417 1, 157, 960 , 1, 254,4.57 952,905 1, 459, 512 _825, 047_ 1, 587,370 'I'Tennessee ex as ______. __ -___ - ___ ----__ ------~ ---- 199,279 257, 16.5, 000 7, 943,631 6, 029, 216 1, 914,415 4, 91}4, 769 2, 978,862 4, 2,1!9, 561 3, 654,070 652,799 513, 813, 000 24,.017,173 12, 801, 153 . 11, 216, 020 - 5, 619, 71)6 18, 397,467 - 9,102, 509 14, 914, 66<1 utah __------92,560 95,385,000 3, 518,470 2, 075,897 1, 442,573 1, 709,9.76 1,808, 494 1, 4.7.7, 7_57: 2, 040,713 Vermont. ___ ,__ ------~- ____ .!, ____ --_--_---_- ~ ---- -61, 168 47,' 491; 000 2, 346,513 1,142, 752 1, 203,761 . 940,952 1, 405,561 884,635 1, 461,878 Virgini!\. ______-----______268, 69;! 269, 547, 000 10,.756, 171 6, 055,724 4, 700,447 . 4, 990,863 5, 765, 30S 4, 353,325 6, 402,846 Washington _____ ------__ ------366,641 532,473, 000 12,993,159 9,017, 252 3, 975,907 . 7, 419,094 5, 574,065 - . - _6, .41_8, !)2_1 6, 574,533 201,572 159,949, 000 6,834,414 3, 950,291 2,884,123 3, 266,850 3, 567, 564 2, 822,613 4, 011,801 491,884,000 ;r:Jo~~~~~=~======Wyoming ______------______531,011 17, 190,413 10, 365, 819 . 6,824, 594 8, 526,445 _8, 663,968 - 7,:37:4,687 9,815. 726 29,554 20,804,000 1, 198,997 507, 176 691,821 417,251 781,746 360,898 838.099 Total_·______----___ ------:---- 21,432,270 17, 790,'301, 000 717,'449, 498 419, 516, 286 297, 933, 212 338,649,047 378, 800, 451 2'J8,8:U,806 418, 617, 692

TABLE 3.-Commercial .electric sales, 1938

' Estimated sales data rOr 1938 Est.imated revenues an~ cpnsumer savin~s under. rates in effect in-

.. State . Number of ·Total kilowatt-· Total reve-· . Tennessee.V~lley Authority. Tacoma, Wash ...... Pro.v:ince of-Ontario, Canada hours nues customers Revenues Overcharges Revenues Overcharges Revenues Overcharges

Alabama ____ -~_------____ ------______33,424 l'l6, 259, 000 $5, t75, 3t5 $2,572, 132 $2,603, 183 $_2, 717,040 $2,458,275 $2,365.119. $2,810, 1Q6 Arizona ~ ------..:------~ ------8, 314 58,638,000 1, 982,005 858,208 1, 1~. 797 897,848 1, 084, 157 790,820. 1, 191, 1&5 Arkansas ___ ------~ ------27,816 82,649,000 3, 629, 179 . 1, 571,435 2, 057,744 1, 625,872 2, 003,.307 l,MS,M2. 2, 181, 137 0 alifornia ____ ~ _; ------_---- -~ 323,013 1, 950, 900, 000 47, 140, 578 31,018,500 16, 122, 078 31,914, 171 15,226,407 28,567, 190 18, .~73, 388 Colorad'o __ -- ·-~~ __ _:_.::_.::_:_ ___ _:_:.~- .::.:_: · 36,522 132; 244, 000 5, 701,661 2, 565, 747 3, 135, 914 2, 588,554 3, 113,107 . 2, 195, 13!l . 3,506, 5~ Connecticut ______._____ ,: __: ______61,635 257, 315, 000 10,784,892 4, 626,719, 6, 158, 173: 3, 850,206 6, 934, .686 . 4, 260, 032. 6, 524,860 Delaware_--_ c ______------~------__ 7, 248 40,637,000 1, 185,932 578, 735 607,197 . 602,453 .'i83, 479 532,483 653,449 DiStriCt of Columbia:. __ _._-'---~------I '21, 809 '171; 029, 000 4, 182,607 3. 166, 233 1, 016; 374 3, 350, 268 832,339 2, 915,277 1,' 267, 330 Florida ___ ------_,: ______53,976 219, 220, 000 10, 268, 617 3, 943,149 6, 325,468 4, 045,835 6, 222,782 3, 624,822 6, 643,795 Georgia _____ ------___ ------_-----.:_ 50,826 299, 373, 000 9, 259,805 4, 500,265 4, 759,540 4, 657,682 4, 602,123 4, as, 393 5, 111,412 Idaho_------~-- 13,873 103, 456, 000 2, 054,555 1, 027, 278 1; 027,277 1, 047, 823 · 1, 006,722 945,095 1,109, 460 lllinois __ ~ · ------'-- ---~- ----.:~ ___ - ~ ---- 339,421 i, 322. 079, 000 47,322,210 23,945, 03~ 23, 377; 172 25,412,027 21,910, 183 22,099,472 25,222,738 Indiana ____ ------·------101, 160 572,313,000 17, 128,893 9, 266, 731 7, 862, 162 9; 694,953 7, 433,940 8, 547,318 8, 581,575 Iowa ______------83,098 276,014, 000 10,574,983 5. 467,266 5, 107,717 5, 689,341 4, 885,642 5, 033,692 5, 541, 291 Kansas... ___ ---"' ___ .______-~-_-~ ______55, 762 .•. 208; 819, 000 7,584, 567 3·,860, 545 3, 724,022 3, 989,482 3, 595,085 3,549, 577 4,0~. 990 44,369 182, 387, 000 6, 297,244 3, 362,728 2, 934, 516 3, 520,159 2, 777,085 3,098, 244. .. 3, 199,000 42, 191 'H6, 051~ 000 5, 491,083 2, 361,166 3, 129,917 2, 383,130 3,107, 953 2,130, 540 - 3, 360,543

!;~;~~==:=::===:=====:::======I • Maine._ ~ ·- ____ _: __. ______33, 8q

TABLE 4.-Industria.Z and other electric sales for ultimate consumption, 1938

Estimated sales data for I938 Estimated revenues and consumer savings under rates in effect in-

State Tennessee Valley Tacoma, Wash . Province of Ontario, Number of Total kilowatt· Total rev- .Authority Canada customers hours enues Revenues Overcharges Revenues Overcharges Revenues Overcharges Alabama ______.Arizona ______28,857 987, 184, 000 $10, 540, I09 $7,567,798 $2,972,311 $5,048,712 $5,491,397 $7,989,403 $2,550,706 14,073 320, 346, 000 4, 144,239 2, 005,812 2, 138,427 I, 338,589 2, 805,650 2, 117,706 2,026, 533 ArkansasCalifornia--______------I6, 149 324, 02I, 000 4, 764,619 2, 982,651 I, 781,968 1, 991,611 2, 773,008 1, 991,611 2, 773,008 314,378 5, 037' 846, 000 63,980,725 59,630,036 4, 350,689 39,796,011 24, I84, 714 62,957,033 I ,023, 692 ColoradOConnecticut------______17,864 329, 310, 000 5, 985,229 3, 603, 108 2, 382, 121 2,400, 077 3, 585,152 3,800, 620 2, 184,609 IO, 681 644, 906, 000 11,743,908 7, 422,150 4, 321,758 4, 955,929 6, 787,979 7, 833,187 3, 910,721 Delaware ______------•------872 112, 030, 000 1, 473, 197 976,730 496,467 651, 153 822,044 I , 031,238 441,959 District of Columbia------790 396, 957, 000 4, 786,775 3, 288,514 1, 498,261 2, I92, 343 2,594,432 3, 470,412 1, 316,363 Florida______-----__ ------__ ------______I4, 677 355, 045, 000 6,044, 056 3, 275,878 2, 768, 178 2, 181,904 3, 862,152 3, 457,200 2, 586,856 Georgia ______:. ______------3,435 928, 683, 000 10,054,772 7, 118,779 2, 935, 993 4, 745, 852 5,308, 920 7, 520,969 2, 533,803 Idaho ______------______------_ 23,798 386,784,000 3, 734,907 2, 371,666 1, 363,241 1, 579,866 2, 155,041 2, 502,388 1, 232,519 lllinois ~ - _ ------______118,379 4, 315, 917, 000 57,731,838 33, 138,075 24,593,763 22, 111,294 35,620,544 34,985,494 22,746,344 Indiana ______Iowa ______80,691 I, 461, 835, 000 22,137,883 13,946,866 8, 191,017 9, 297,911 I2, 839,972 14,721,692 7, 416, 191 32,497 673, 561, 000 9, 884,696 6, 138,396 3, 746,300 4,092, 264 5, 792,432 6, 484,361 3,400,335 Kansas------20, 338 539, 133, 000 8, 001,313 5,048, 829 2, 952,484 3, 368,553 4, 632,760 5,328, 874 2, 672,439 LouisianaKentucky ______------______----_--- 28,746 582,314,000 9, 384,778 6, I09, 490 3, 275,288 4, 082,378 5, 302,400 6, 456,727 2, 928,051 6, 935 666, 789, 000 8,198,504 5, 378,219 2, 820,265 3, 582,746 4, 615,758 5, 673,365 2, 525,139 MarylandMaine ___ ------______28,273 605, 911, 000 5, 255,876 3, 421,575 I, 834,301 2, 281,050 2, 974,826 3, 610,787 I, 645,089 I9,449 1, 044, 309, 000 12,848, 348 7, 747,554 5, 100,794 5, 165,036 7,683, 312 8, 171,549 4,676, 799 Massachusetts ____ ------3,633 1, 129, 238, 000 20,595,653 12,213,222 8, 382,431 8, 135,283 12,460,370 12,892,879 7, 702,774 48,466 2, 260, 304, 000 31,114,872 17,144,294 13,970,578 11,450,273 19,664,599 18,108, 856 13,006,016 Rif~~;~a::::::::::=::::::::::::::::::::::::: 26,134 742, 586, 000 12,236,586 7,647, 866 4, 588,720 5, 102,656 7, 133,930 8, 076, 147 4, 160,439 Mississippi ______13, 178 226, 453, 000 3, 932,540 2, 375,254 I, 557,286 I, 573,016 2, 359,524 2, 508,961 I, 423,579 Missouri------29,834 I, 40I, 824, 000 I7, 329, 524 11, 8I8, 735 5, 510, 789 7, 884,933 9,444, 59I 12,477,257 4, 852,267 Montana------10, 723 1, I25, 225, 000 6, 162,425 5, 170, 275 992,150 3, 444,796 2, 717,629 5, 453,746 708,679 Nebraska __ ------11, I74 3I8, 1()9, 000 4, 977,919 3, 375,029 1, 602,890 2, 250,019 2, 727,900 3, 564, 190 1, 413,729 Nevada ______------___ ------_ 2, 451 57, 4I3, 000 885,661 725,356 I60, 305 483,571 402,090 765,211 120,450 I7, 781 146, 680, 000 2, 991,633 2, 028,327 963,306 1, 352,218 1, 639,415 2, 142,009 849,624 ~~= fe~~~~~~~=::::::::::::::=====:::::::::::: 3, 548 1, 470, 169, 000 23,690, 799 13,930, 190 9, 760,609 9, 310,484 I4, 380,315 14, 711,986 8, 978, 8I3 New MexicO------2, 565 26,763,000 676, 378 335,483 340,895 223, 88I 452,497 353,746 322,632 New York ______:. ______11I, 507 6, 675, 9I3, 000 74,700,875 43,475,909 3I, 224,966 28,983,940 45,716,935 45,941,038 28,759,837 North Carolina ___ ------73,538 1, 465, 749,000 17,694,429 I2, 651, 517 5, 042, 9I2 8, 440,243 9, 254,186 13,359,294 4, 335,135 North Dakota______2,410 32,023,000 825,663 451,638 374,025 301,367 524,296 476,408 349,255 0 hio ______------·------119,777 3, 813. 401, 000 53,571, 937 35,089,619 18,482,318 23,410,936 30,161,001 37,018,208 16, 5~3, 729 Oklahoma ______17,422 492,470,000 6, 630,021 4, 382,444 2, 247,577 2, 923,839 3, 706,182 4, 627,755 2, 002,266 Oregon ______57,044 523, 264, 000 6, 839,446 5, 765,653 1, 073,793 3, 850,608 2, 988,838 6, 087,107 752, 339 134,470 6, 985, 114, 000 123, 865, 572 84,724,051 39,141,521 56,482,701 67,382,871 89,430,943 34,434,629 ~t~~S:i~:ft ======:::::::::::::::~ 5,398 354. 154, 000 6,071, 464 3, 849,308 2, 222,156 2, 568,229 3, 503, 2.'15 4,061, 809 2, 009,655 South Carolina------21,91,3 8&3, 698, 000 9, 177,668 6, 406,012 2, 771,656 4, 276, 793 4, 900. 87fi 6, 763,941 2, 413,727 South Dakota..------5,626 47,679,000 1, 317, 277 679,715 637,562 453,143 864,134 717,916 599,361 Tennessee ___ --___ ------. 47.639 824,027,000 10,557,365 8, 086,942 2, 470,423 5, 394,814 5, 162, 551 8, 540, 9C8 2, 016,457 TexasUtah ______------______··------.:. __ 44, 154 1, 613,587,000 21,320,354 13,559,745 7, 760,609 9,039,830 12,280,524 14,305,958 7,014, 396 15, 27R 51 6, 816, 000 5, 706,063 4,022, 774 ], 683,289 2, 681,850 3,024, 213 4,245, 311 1, 460,752 Vermont_ __ ------__ -----_------15,038 115, 331, 000 2,824, 5!:l8 1, 926,376 898,222 1, 285, 192 . 1, 539,406 2,033, 711 790,887 Virginia------15,459 681, 971, 000 9, 068.635 6, 728,927 2, 339,708 4, 488,974 4, 579,1\61 7, 100,741 1, 967,894 Washington ______------___ 52,634 1, 330, 385, 000 11,080,375 . 8, 731,336 2, 349,039 5, 828,277 5, 252,098 9, 218,872 1,861, 503 West Vir~inia ______10, I80 1, 100, 344, 000 13,183. 459 8, 674,716 4, 508.743 5, 787,539 7, 395,920 9, 149,321 4, 034,138 Wisconsin------61,701 1, 264., 672, 000 18,894,864 11,506,972 7, 387,892 7, 671,315 11,223, 54!i I2, 149,398 6, 745,466 Wyoming------1,469 60,262,000 1, 1&1, 850 5'34, 755 li80,095 390, 225 774, 625 617,371 547,479 TotaL __ ------1, 763,026 57, 348, 565, 000 779, 784, 677 519, 234, 566 260, 550, 111 346, 334, 224 433, 450, 453 547, 005, 614 232, 779. 063

According to the expert testimony which you gentlemen land an Army upon American shores. But I believe in pre­ have quoted, with approval, arid which has not been denied, paring my country to defend itself against any antagonist, these overcharges are really greater than these tables indi­ or combination of antagonists, that might be sent against us, ·cate. now or in the years to come. In order to do that we must· Mr. Speaker, I am for national defense, but I am also for have the. strongest air force on earth. We should have had protecting the American people from such ruthless racketeer­ it long ago. They tell us that this dam is absolutely neces­ ing as they are being subjected to at the hands of these sary in order to supply the aluminum to make the planes. utilities. Therefore, this amendment should be defeated, and the If a foreign power should come and threaten war against bill as reported by the committee should be passed by a the United States unless we paid them an indemnity of unanimous vote. $1,000,000,000, we would rise as· one man and drive such an But while we are thus preparing to defend ourselves against enemy from our shore. Yet, when these ruthless racketeers enemies from without, we must continue our drive against · attempt to get control of the water power of this Nation, these enemies at home until we wipe out these exorbitant monopolize the electric industry, and wring a billion dollars overcharges the helpless consumers of this country are now a year in overcharges from the helpless consumers of elec­ paying for their electric lights and power. [Applause.] tric lights and power, those of us who raise our voices in Mr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. Chairman, as one keenly interested protest, those of us who are fighting this battle of the century in the national defense of our country, I want to make a few for justice to these electric consumers, find ourselves opposed observations on this measure because it is designed to provide by the very members who are supposed to represent the people additional facilities to expedite national defense. who are the worst plundered by these overcharges. By expanding the T.V. A. with the construction of dams, While we are preparing against dangers from without, let power plants, generators, and so forth, sufficient power will be us not forget that our country, our form of government, our generated to produce additional aluminum necessary for the institutions, the very peace, happiness, and prosperity of the construction of aircraft. American people we are here to represent, are being threat­ My first observation leads me to believe we are unwise in ened by this greater danger from within. confining our expansion program to one particular area in This amendment should be defeated, and the bill should our desire to secure the necessary aluminum for national­ pass as presented by the committee. defense purposes. A number of my colleagues stated very I am not one of those men who are expecting my country emphatically that the aircraft industry depends on the to be attacked from without. I know the unsurmountable aluminum plant as well as the· dams, powerhouses, and so obstacles a foreign power would have to overcome to ever forth, located in the T. V. A. area. 9732 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 30 A moment ago I said it was unwise to confine such neces­ Knudsen, Mr. Stettinius, Mr. Dunn, and everybody else nails sary part of our national defense in the same area because of down the fact that we need aluminum, and that the only the possibility of attack in the event of war. Who can deny way we can get aluminum is to have more power to pro­ that one bomber with his cargo of death and destruction duce it, and that the Tennessee Valley Authority is the logical could not wipe out the entire T.V. A. area as it exists today? place to do it. There is not any getting away from that. Therefore I favor the construction of a series of power Certainly Mr. Knudsen said he was not a power expert, but plants conveniently located throughout the different areas he had drawn about him men who are power experts. He . designated by the War Department as those inland areas had conferred with them and collaborated with them, and safest from attack. he was ready to accept their program and come to Congress Gentlemen, it is simply a question of heeding the age-old and endorse it, and he did endorse it enthusiastically. advice: "Don't put all your eggs in one basket." Now, I want to read you a letter from the chief engineer My next observation is the time element required to con­ of the T.V. A. on the question directly at issue, whether you struct the dams as compared to the time required to construct should cut out this hydroelectric dam and do it all by steam steam plants. It has been said here this afternoon that power. Here is what Colonel Parker· said about it: there will be a shortage of aluminum for national-defense The Cherokee Dam is upstream from nine generating plants on purposes to the extent of 60,000,000 pounds by July 1, 1942. the Tennessee River, either operating or under construction, having In other words, nearly 2 years from now we will be faced with an aggregate head of over 500 feet. Its own head will be nearly 150 feet, making a total head of about 650 feet over which can this shortage. be used the water stored behind Cherokee Dam. In combination My colleague from Virginia [Mr. WooDRUM] stated here with the generating units to be installed downstream, and with the some weeks ago that it will require 2 years to. construct the proposed steam plant, additional continuous power will be gen­ proposed dam on the Holston River. From other sources I erated at a cost slightly over 1.5 mills per kilowatt-hour, which is an extremely low figure. learn it will take from 2 to 3 years. If time is an element The minimum cost of producing firm power at an independent as everyone agrees, why not construct immediately steam steam plant would not be much less than 3.5 mills per kilowatt­ power plants strategically located in the Central United hour. States that can be completed and in operation in exactly 18 That is, 1.5 with this dam upstream getting the benefit of months? these generating units downstream, against 3.5 mills if you Let us look at the facts. This Holston River dam will be undertook to make it wholly a steam-generating plant. built at a total cost of $35,000,000 and will take from 2 to 3 The combination of steam and hydroelectric installations pro­ years to complete. It will have to depend on floodwaters or, posed makes possible a remarkable economy, supplements the in other words, the weather element to produce 90,000 kilo­ present system, and provides a diversification of materials and watt-hours of energy annually. equipment which will facilitate procurement and construction One steam plant erected at a cost of $10,500,000 in a period under emergency conditions. of 18 months can produce 120,000 killowatt-hours annually Now, that is the whole story in a nutshell. The exp&ts without placing any dependency on floodwaters, weather who do know say that while it may be true that if you started element, or any other contingency. at scratch to generate so many kilowatts of power and you Gentlemen, here is the picture. had to build a dam over there to do it on this side, or per­ One dam costs $35,000,000, produces 90,000 kilowatt-hours haps a steam plant over there, maybe you could generate that annually, while for the same amount you can construct 3 power more cheaply by a steam plant. But here you have an steam-power plants that will each produce 120,000 kilowatt­ unusual situation, because building this dam upstream you hours annually. get the benefit of that additional power. Supplementing it Once again I want to repeat if you centralize all of your with one steam plant you have got a coordinat-ed situation plants, dams, and. so forth in the T.V. A. area you are not which, according to the testimony of all these experts, is a adhering to sound military preparedness and you are becom­ situation that is desired. ing an easy target for attack. I hope very much that the Committee will vote down the The· War Department furnished in a memorandum their amendment offered by the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. idea of -areas in which plants could be safely located and less DIRKSEN]. In the first place, it does not save a nickel of . liablie to attack. The T. V. A. is located in area E which money. It does not take a penny out of the resolution . includes part of Tennessee, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, The cost of this proposition is not just in the cost of building Texas, Oklahoma, and westward. the plant. Suppose you build a steam plant a little cheaper The three plants I mentioned a moment ago could be than you can build a dam, you have to pay 3.5 mills for located at strategic points in area B, which comprises Ohio, generating the power. southwestern Pennsylvania, West Virginia, western portion Let me read you what Colonel Parker said in the hearings. of Virginia, and eastern Kentucky. In area B you are in the The gentleman from New York [Mr. TABER] asked him: middle of one of the greatest bituminous coal areas in the Why have you not contemplated putting the steam plant right United States. Prominent engineers will tell yo.u power can near the coal mine? Colonel PARKER. It will be put as near the coal as is possible be produced cheaper by coal than by water. · and yet on a source of water supply, which is equally important. Therefore, in the interest of giving the American people It probably will be put right near all of our major reservoirs and 100 cents out of every dollar appropriated for national de­ as near to the coal fields as we can; but that means 1,400 tons of fense, let us realize that by the construction of a steam-power coal a day, which is a great deal of coal. plant at the front door of a coal mine with an adjacent river That is 2,800 tons of coal a day if you undertake to run the American people are given the type of national defense two steam-generating plants continuously and produce all to which they are entitled and at a minimum cost. this power-a prohibitive cost. The present plan is only to Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I hope we run this one plant about one-third of the time. will forget about electric-power rates and our antipathies Mr. VAN ZANDT. Will the gentleman yield? toward the Tennessee Valley Authority and try to get back Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I. yield. once more to where we started-the issue in this case. Mr. VAN ZANDT. The gentleman talks about burning I will confess that I do not know how much aluminum we coal. Does he realize in my back yard we have thousands will be short in 1942 for the airplane program. I do not know of coal miners out of work. Probably they will go back to how much aluminum is required to make a plane. I do work, instead of going on relief, if we coUld use more coal. not know whether there is power available or not. I woUld Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I appreciate that fact. not ask this House to decide whether it ought to be hydroelec­ Mr. DIRKSEN. Will the gentleman yield? tric power or a steam-generating plant or both on anything I Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I yield. say about it, because I do not know anything about it except Mr. DIRKSEN. I know the gentleman wants to always from the information I get from people who I think do know be fair. While the amount has not been changed, it will about it. Every scintilla of evidence in this ~ecord from Mr. save us from embracing these obligations that must be paid 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE . 9733 later, and there will be a very substantial saving, if we strike Mr. MURDOCK of Utah. Mr. Chairman, I rise in opposition out the dam and build these two steam plants. to the amendment. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. If you save a few million Mr. Chairman, in my 8 years' service in this House I have dollars in building the primary plant but pay more than voted for every appropriation which has come to the floor of twice as much for power down through the years you have this distinguished body for the Tennessee Valley Authority. not made a sensible investment. I say we should accept the The very fact that Mr. Stettinius, Mr. Knudsen, and the testimony of credible experts, and the uncontroverted testi­ eminent power engineer, Mr. Dunn, have appeared before mony you have is that this should be a combination hydro­ congressional committees asking this appropriation is the electric and steam proposition. My judgment is that if you greatest testimonial we have had as to the Wisdom and the are going to take the dam out of the bill you might as well foresight of this administration in the construction of power defeat the whole bill. [Applause.] dams and navigation dams on the Tennessee River. [Ap­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Vir­ plause.] ginia has expired, all time on the amendments have expired. I am going to vote for this .appropriation this afternoon. The question is on the amendments offered by the gentle­ I am going to vote for it because the three eminent men man from Illinois. selected by the President of the United States as the most The question was taken; and on a division wer can be taken at the bus bar and the ~luminum capacity, must be shipped from the East. Each magnesite can be reduced to metallic magnesium, which is pound of aluminum produced at Vancouver has to be re­ a metal superior to aluminum. It is a third lighter than shipped in some form across the continent three times. aluminum. It has a greater tensile strength than aluminum. There are no aluminum fabricating plants in the West. It can be produced for 10 cents a pound and not for 20 cents NECESSITY FOR MAGNESIUM a pound. The Germans in 1938; with a secret electrical It would seem, because of the speed element in the defense process, produced 40,000 tons of metallic magnesium, against program, that full consideration has not been given to some our 4,000 tons. Their planes are being made of magnesium. advanced vital technological and economic components of this I want the Defense Committee to look into the things we program. have in the West. It is not right that this Nation shall be Germany has developed a secret process for producing mag­ dependent upon one concern and one metal alone, in our vital nesium metal from calcined magnesite by electro-thermic defense program. • smelting and distillation. A commercially feasible process 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9735

which is thought to be the same as the German process has INCREASED USE FOR MAGNESIUM been developed at Washington State College. Vast, unlim­ The airplane use of magnesium in the United States is very ited deposits of magnesite exist in northeastern Washington, small in comparison with the use of aluminum. The reason and the Pacific Northwest is endowed with the largest devel­ has been the production of brine metal, its attendant cor­ oped supply of low-cost power in America. rosion, and monopoly conditions. These handicaps can be Magnesium alloys are materially lighter than any other overcome by the production of this metal from northwestern structural material. Pound for pound, magnesium alloys magnesite deposits. It will only be a short time before we have considerably greater strength than steel. These and will have to meet the competition of this superior foreign other characteristics show that the possibilities of this metal produced metal, and then the magnesium production will must be given full consideration in any airplane-production have to be suddenly increased. program. Magnesium is now assured a permanent position It would seem that the defense committee is relying on in the schedule of light metals. production from sea .water to meet such a demand, when the Dow metal now sells for 28 to 30 cents per pound, aluminum production capacity limit is defined by the available supply for 20 cents, and it has been estimated by competent authori­ of power. The sea-water plant under construction in Texas ties that electro-thermic magnesium can be produced from is removed from large power sources. Northwestern magnesite and power for around 10 cents per WEST COAST AIRPLANE PRODUCTION CAPACITY pound. These technological and economic considerations The New York Times on Sunday, July 23, 1940, section 10, cannot be ignored. Germany and other air-minded nations ran an article on the Southern California aircraft produc­ are making great strides in the production and utilization tion capacity, which brought out that this capacity could be of metallic magnesium. If this country-wishes to preserve its increased to 1,560 planes per month. This estimate does not place in this technological advance, it must take immediate include the aircraft production of the Boeing Co. of Seattle. steps to produce and utilize this metal. For the purpose of analysis it can be assumed, on the basis Magnesium is 30 percent lighter than aluminum; it can be of this information, that the west coast capacity can be fabricated with greater ease and has greater strength. easily increased in a short time to 1,500 to 1,800 planes per Bauxite ore, the base for aluminum, is listed amongst the month. critical materials. Our consumption of bauxite is largely According to the testimony of Mr. William S. Knudsen, of imported from Dutch Guiana. Consider what can happen the National Defense Advisory Committee, as shown on page to this supply under existing world conditions. Although 5 of the House hearings, an average of 5 tons of aluminum we have a fair reserve in Arkansas, and a small reserve in Tennessee, I think you will find that the planes in this and the alloys will be used per plane. program Will be made from imported materials. It follows then that the west coast aluminum requirements The employment component of this problem has been can amount to 90,000 to 108,000 tons per year, or 180,000,000 completely ignored in the House presentation. Has anyone to 216,000,000 pounds, under a wise program. told us in this testimony that our importations of strategic The yearly capacity of the new Aluminum Co.'s plant and critical minerals represent a pay-roll displacement in at Vancouver, Wash., will be 30,000 tons per year, or about excess of the total direct mining employment existing in the one-third of these west coast requirements. United States today? This set-up smacks of an aluminum The Aluminum Co. can only produce pig aluminum at monopoly. Congress is asked to preserve such a monopoly, Vancouver and some castings at their Los Angeles plant. while at the same time the Department of Justice is trying All sheets and shapes must be brought from eastern rolling to break up such an unsound situation. mills and extrusion plants. If we are to bring our airplane­ production capacity up to the stated ·amount and depend MAGNESIUM-METAL OF FUTURE only on aluminum, it seems highly desirable to provide not I repeat, this is the metal of the future. Its low-cost only additional western pig-aluminum capacity, but also production will give mankind numerous fields of activities, immediate western facilities for rolling and extrusion. now denied to him. It is a metal which weighs only two­ thirds that of aluminum and one-quarter that of steel. ALUNITE Weight for weight alloys of magnesium are over 5 times as My good friend the ge~tleman from Utah [Mr. MURDOCK] strong and stiff as steel. No other metal has the strength has called attention to 30 million tons of alunite in Utah. and light weight of magnesium. The production of magne­ He is absolutely correct in his statements. Large deposits · sium metal in the United States is so small as to create an of alunite are to be found also in the State of Washington. absurdity. The small production in the United States results The successful production of aluminum from alunite has from the present production from inadequate local supplies-­ been experimentally demonstrated. I am informed that this principally as a byproduct of brine solutions used for other investigation has proceeded through the pilot plant stage, purposes. and that approximately $1,000,000 has been spent by reliable The largest supply of low-cost magnesium ores in the private interests on these experiments. The results have country occurs in the Pacific Northwest. Because of shortage been entirely satisfactory: In the pilot plant, alumina has of aluminum ores, Germany has developed a highly secret been produced from alunite with a substantial potash re­ electrothermic process for reducing low-grade magnesium covery. The alumina was shipped to the East for demon­ ores. A new process has been developed jointly by Washington stration and a satisfactory aluminum pig was produced by State College and the Bureau of Mines which is thought to standard electrolytic methods. Alunite contains about 37 be similar to the secret German process. This process utilizes percent alumina while bauxite ore contains about 53 percent. electric power. The potash recovery and the difference ·in process is claimed The combined location of ores and cheap power in the to produce aluminum that can compete successfully with Pacific Northwest justifies the development of the "wonder the product of the Aluminum Co. I understand that metal." reliable interests are willing to build a plant and contract for In 1915 magnesium metal sold for $5 a pound. Brine mag­ Bonneville power. nesium metal now sells for 28 to 30 cents per pound. Ninety­ All that is needed to start this program is some assurance nine and ninty-eight one hundredths percent pure magnesium that they will be recognized. There is no evidence that can be produced from magnesite ores with Bonneville and alunite production has been given requisite consideration by Grand Coulee power for 10 cents per pound. Heavier alumi­ the Defense Commission. The defense and economic results num sells for 19 to 20 cents per pound. obtainable from this new alunite process are highly im­ Germany before the war was producing over 40,000 tons of portant, as it will compete with the present aluminum this metal annually, and is replacing steel with this lighter­ monopoly, and will provide new sources of aluminum from weight metal. domestic sources. 9736 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 30 I hope that the Defense Council will be farsighted enough 1 mill difference in the cost of current adds 1.2 cents per to ask for an appropriation to cover a full investigation of pound of metaL This means that the steam power aluminum magnesium from northwestern magnesite, aluminum from will cost over 3 cents per pound more than metal produced western alunite, northwestern manganese, western chromium, with Bonneville-Coulee power. and other western strategic and critical metals, as it is ap­ The actual cost figures to the Aluminum Co. will depend parent that extensive consideration has not been given these on the type of contract T. V. A. and the Defense Council sources. negotiates with the Aluminum Co. Congress has been given THE DEFENSE MAP no information on this. The New York Times of Sunday, May 5, 1940, published a The bill language set out in the House hearings and that defense map of the United States as s.een by the defense finally submitted di-ffer. . At the last minute the proviso that experts. Th..is map is only line thickness west of the Missis­ the extent and location of the transmission lines provided in sippi and south of the T. V. A. and takes in only 13 percent the bill shall receive the approval of the Defense Committee of the land area of the United States. This map -tells the was added. Is not this virtually giving the admitted former story in few words how our experts have ignored 87 percent agent of the private power companies authority denied by of the land area of our country in the defense-material plans. the organic T. V. A. Act? I do not question the motives of Do the defense experts realize that we must defend this large any member of the Defense Committee, but when the public area as well as the -important naval and military outposts still interest is involved, safeguards should be placed against the farther to the West? possibility of private-power-company influence being injected Our Western States give the Nation a number of raw mate­ into such a vital component of the problem. rials, without which the war industries of the Nation would The inference that 60,000 kilowatts was allocated to Bonne­ be stopped. Still other resources are allowed to remain ville is incorrect. The 60,000 kilowatts referred to is covered dormant because of monopoly conditions. Nowhere in the in contracts executed last December and early spring by the current plans of the Defense Council, or in the industrial Aluminum Co. These contracts were negotiated before the mobilization plans of the Army or the Navy is there any ex­ pending matter was initiated. pressed indication of the need for placing in the largest part CONCLUSION of our land area a diversified group of war industries. This These facts, as stated in the hearings, and the pending re.:. short-sighted policy is denying to 87 percent of our country quests are inconsistent and it is evident that: (1) Additional the right to contribute to the defense of the Nation, to its pig and fabricating aluminum capacity should be installed own defense, and the defense of its outposts. in the Pacific Northwe·st; (2) defense· industrial activities It appears also that the requirement of industrial reserves should. be decentralized; (3) defense funds should be imme­ has been passed over. What are we to do in case of de­ diately allotted to demonstrate the ·advantages of magne­ struction in the concentrated industrial areas, the bottle sium production to private industry and thus afford private necks created by concentration, or transportation tie-ups industry an· Qpportunity to mine, process, and fabricate this affecting these congested industrial areas? I do not profess advanced metal; (4) if private ·industry will not undertake, to be an expert but I can see that many vital considerations after demonstration, magnesium production, then Congress have been left out of this presentation. should initiate steps to construct a federally owned magne­ Behind it all looms the profits of the Aluminum Co. and sium plant. certain allied interests. The desire for industrial profits The identical situation also exists as to alunite, manganese, largely contributed to the downfall of France. Are our ex­ and chromium production. Extensive deposits of these perts going to lead us into a similar situation? I ask this metals will be found adjacent to low-cost power in Wash­ question, not out of any regional interest, partisanship, or ington, Oregon, and Utah. These aQd other Pacific North­ politics. Regional interest, of course, prompted me to in­ west materials are vital to any effective defense program. It vestigate, but the disclosures resulting from my investigation is suggested' that the ·same procedure should be followed as are disturbing. The experts need to tell us whether they are to these other metals which has been outlined for magnesium. providing sufficiency· to the remaining 87 percent of our The President, in his July 10 message to Congress, stated, country, and whether they ·are making the fullest econom­ "If the United States is to have any defense, it must have total ical use of the resources of all the country. The hearings defense." The only purpose of these remarks is to construc­ and this debate leaves many vital points unanswered. tively stress some vital points in any program of total defense. SOME JOKERS [Applause.] The Dunn testimony as to the relative merits of steam [Here the gavel fell.] versus hydro is purely academic. Nowhere in the testimony The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recognizes the gentleman or the debate is the essential cost consideration disclosed~ from South Dakota [Mr. CASE]. · . The essential point, due to the large kilowatt-hour require-: Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. Chairman, it seems to me ment of aluminum production is the electric cost per kilo­ a little unfortunate that one of the most important factors watt-hour. The position of the Aluminum Co. has been that that should have been considered in the discussion of this it is necessary to secure large blocks of power for less than 3 subject has received so little attention. It was mentioned by mills per kilowatt-hour to make aluminum production the gentleman from Arkansas [Mr. TERRY]. It has just been feasible. recently developed by the gentleman from Utah [Mr. MUR­ The T. V. A. under existing contracts sells primary power DOCK] and the gentleman from Washington [Mr. LEAVY]. to Alcoa for 2.78 mills per kilowatt-hour and hydro secondary That neglected factor is the source of the material from power available for 75 percent of the time for 2 mills. which we are to make the aluminum. The proposed Watts Bar steam plant will, under cheap-coal Those of us who come from the West know that there are conditions and the load factor given in the testimony, pro­ important deposits of. alunite, which the gentleman from duce 5-mill current. This is too costly for commercial alumi­ Utah mentions. There is also leucite, an aluminum-bearing num production. The Cherokee Dam alone will, without ore, in Wyoming. In my own State of South Dakota there allocation, produce about 3.5- to 3.8-mill current and with are inexhaustible beds of Pierre shales or clays from 300 to allocation 2 mills per kilowatt-hour. The lower river plants, 1,200 feet in thickness-in a few places they reach a maxi­ included in the proposal will produce very low-cost power mum thickness of 2,000 feet-that carry from 15 to 30 per­ after the Cherokee Dam is built. cent aluminum oxide. This Pierre shale forms the surface Similar prime power can be purchased under the "at site" soil of more than· a third of the State; it is only lightly filed Bonneville rates for 1.75 mills per kilowatt-hour and covered in another third. under the transmitted rate for a trifle over 2 mills per kilo­ The beds are exposed for 250 miles on the very banks of :watt-hour. Grand Coulee power can be sold as low or lower the Missouri River, where the material could be floated down­ than Bonneville power. The testimony shows that it takes stream, if it were desired. Power could be developed at one about 12 kilowatt-hours per pound of aluminum. Therefore of a half dozen sites on the river or could be developed from 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9737 coal. because a circle with a radius of 400 miles from Rapid Mr. McLEAN. I am asking the gentleman a question and City contains one-fourth of all the known coal deposits of I should like an answer. the world. And as concretions in these Pierre shales on the Mr. McCORMACK. If the gentleman will be seated, I will same river is found the largest known deposit of metallic answer his question. The gentleman made the charge, in­ manganese in the United States-102,000,000 tons of metallic ferentially, at least, if not directly, when he said that this is manganese in nine townships. nothing but a supplementary appropriation for the T. V. A. In a comprehensive consideration of this problem from a of 1941, that this appropriation is not connected wlth national national-defense standpoint some consideration should cer­ defense. I call attention to the fact that the President of the tainly be given to the location of the material from which United States has called into service one of the outstanding you are going to make the aluminum and its relation to trans­ businessmen of the country, a man who, I understand and am portation, freedom from attack, nearness to other strategic informed, has never voted for the President, so politics is not minerals and coal as well as to power. involved; a man whom we all respect as a good American and I was talldng last week with a professor in the school of a contributor to · American progress, Mr. Knudsen, who is mine·s in my State and he said to me "Where are you going president of General Motors and one of the outstanding to get your cryolite .for the bath solution if you are going to businessmen and financiers of the country. This gentleman produce all this aluminum by electrolysis?"- I said, "I do appeared before the committee with his associates and has not know." He said, "My understanding is that the cryolite advised the members of the committee that this is necessary comes from Greenland. Will you not have a bottleneck in in the interest of the national defense of the country; yet we the production of your aluminum if imports from outside are see those on the Republican side, as usual, speaking one way cut off and you depend upon Greenland for getting your on national defense and voting another way. cryolite?" I confessed to him that I did not know. I hope my friend, the gentleman from Virginia in charge When I said a little earlier this afternoon that I thought of the bill, will ask for a roll call on this question so that this debate had some aspects of a "blitzkrieg" it was because the country may know whether this is another spectacle of practically all we have heard has been talk about power, and the Republican Members of the House speaking their love there has been very, very little discussion of the cource of of national defense, speaking as they did for the workers the aluminum or other factors enteri-ng into its most feasible who are unemployed en W. P. A. and voting against national production. Someone did say that if it was produced in the defense and voting against W. P. A. appropriations. [Ap­ West it would take so many freight cars to take the ore to plause.] the -plants. Gentlemen, the raw material is there and no The gentleman from California [Mr. LELAND M. FoRni evidence has been presented to show that any adequate supply talked aoout socialism. Is the Federal Deposit Insurance of bauxite exists in the Tennessee Valley. Certainly it is Corporation Act socialism? If so, it protects the deposits easier to find freight cars for the finished product than to of about 20,000,000 depositors in this country. Is the Home find cars and ships for imported bauxite. Owners' Loan Corporation socialism? If so, it has protected This bill will pass, of course, because it. comes up here the homes of 2,000,000 people in this country. ticketed as part of the defense program. We are told that Is the relief that the Democratic Party has given to the if the bill is delayed a day, or at most a week, that we may farmer of the country socialism? If so, I wonder what the miss the floodwaters in the spring of 1942. That is typical farmer of the country thinks of such specious and incorrect of the stampede tactics which some day will be ridiculed as argument, coming from a prominent member of the Repub-· people in more sober moments pass on what we do today. lican Party. The gentleman from California charges that Everyone must know that if we were to consider the pro­ this and other activities in the interest of the average person posed legisiation from a sound and logical standpoint we constitute socialism. That is the type of legislation that the would not stop at power, we would go into other angles of Republican Party charges is socialism; legislation that is the ·question. There is no one here who is quarrelling with consistent-with the best interests of our country. the idea of national defense. In fact, in .all seriousness, . I remember years ago, in Massachusetts, as a young man. these other things are fundamental considerations for na­ when the effort was made to enact into law the Workmen's tional defense, not merely power but raw materials, trans­ Compensation Act, the charge made against that beneficial portation, freedom from attack, and so forth. If ·we were and progressive legislation was that it was socialism. I re­ to give -the full consideration that should ·be given to this member the 8-hour law for women and children, when that question we would go into those angles of it, too. With one legislation was enacted years ago in Massachusetts, and its of the recent speakers I join in the hope that the members opponents charged that it was socialism. I remember the of the Council of National Defense will raise their sights minimum-wage law for women and children employed in and look at the entire United States in approaching· these industry, and the opposition to the enactment of such legis­ problems. [Applause.] lation in Massachusetts was that it was socialism. We hear [Here the gavel fell.] the same cry today against progressive 'legislation, consistent The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recognires the gentleman with the best interests of the people that was made years ago from Massachusetts [Mr. McCORMACK]. against progressive legislation of the past decades. Yes; I Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, I was very much sur­ can even go back in history to the days when the fight was prised to hear the gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. McLEAN] made to establish the public-school system in the various make the statement that this joint resolution contains noth­ States of the Union and the cry made then was that it was ing but a supplementary appropriation for the T. V. A. of socialism, that public education was not the function of the 1941. The head of the Advisory Commission is one of the State, but was a matter of private concern. Yes; I remember outstanding businessmen of the country, a man who has made reading the early history of Massachusetts when the effort his mark, a man who, I am informed, has never voted for was made to have public roads, to be used by the public, built President Roosevelt. and maintained by the public, the cry was that it was social­ Mr. McLEAN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? ism, that it was not the duty of the State, city, or town, or Mr. McCORMACK. In view of the fact that I have men­ county, to build and maintain public roads for the use of the tioned the gentleman's name, ·I yield. general public. [Applause.] Mr. McLEAN. When the gentleman reads this language in [Here the gavel fell.J the resolution- The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recognizes the gentleman Prcn;ided, That the foregoing appropriation shall be in addition from Pennsylvania [Mr. MOSER]. to and shall be covered into and account ed for as a part of the Mr. MOSER. Mr. Chairman, I do not wish to take up the "Tennessee Valley Authority fund, 1941," as established by the time of my colleagues, but as late as 4 o'clock this afternoon Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1941- I talked with both Mr. Knudsen and Mr. Stettinius. Up to Does he not believe it? that time I was not sold on the conclusion whether I would Mr. McCORMACK. The gentleman gets very alarmed and support this resolution; but let me say for the information excited when reference is made-- of the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. ~ENDER] that Mr. Knudsen LXXXVI--613 9738 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 30 assured me that it does require five tons of aluminum to Knutson Pittenger Schiffler Treadway Kunkel Plumley Seccombe VanZandt construct one airplane, and, needing material and supplies, Lambertson Powers Shafer, Mich. Vorys, Ohio asked me to talk to Mr. Stettinius, whose task it is to find Landis Reed, Dl. Short Wheat it, and who, in accordance with the thought of the gentleman LeCompte Reed, N.Y. Simpson Wigglesworth Lewis, Ohio Rees, Karu.. Smith, Ohio Williams, Del. from New Jersey as indicated in his amendment, told me McDowell Rich Springer Winter he hoped that he was not being deluded in believing this McGregor Robsion, Ky. Sumner, lll. Wolcott McLean Rockefeller Sweet Wolfenden, Pa. entire appropriation would be expended for the one purpose Maas Rodgers, Pa. Taber Wolverton. N.J. of national defense, but that if he was sold on the wrong idea Marshall Rogers, Mass. Talle Woodruff, Mich. he would be willing to admit it. I therefore state to the Martin, Iowa Routzahn Thill Youngdahl Miller Rutherford Thorkelson Committee that I will support the amendment offered by Monkiewicz Sandager Tibbott the gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. McLEAN], and I will Murray Schafer, Wis. Tinkham support the resolution of the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. NAY8-229 WoonRUMJ. I yield back the remainder of my time. Allen, La. Edelstein Kirwan Rabaut [Here the gavel fell.] Anderson, Mo. Edmiston Kitchens Ramspeck Angell Elliott Kleberg Randolph The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment of­ Arnold Ellis Kocialkowskl Rankin fered by the gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. McLEANJ. Ball Englebright · Kramer Rayburn Barden, N.C. Faddis Lanham Reece, Tenn. The question was taken; and on a division (demanded by Barnes Fay Lea Richards Mr. McLEAN) there were-ayes 94, noes 126. Beam Fitzpatrick Leavy Robertson So the amendment was rejected. Beckworth Flaherty Lemke Robinson, Utah Bell Flannaga:Q. Lesinski Rogers, Okla. The CHAIRMAN. The Committee automatically rises Bland Flannery Lewis, Colo. Romjue under the rule. Boehne Ford, Miss. Ludlow Sabath Accordingly the Committee rose; and the Speaker having Boland Ford, Thomas F. Lynch Sacks Boren Fulmer McAndrews Sasscer resumed the chair, Mr. HART, Chairman of the Committee of Brewster Gamble McArdle Satterfield the Whole House on the state of the Union, reported that, Brooks Garrett McCormack · Schuetz Brown, Ga. Gatliings McGehee Schulte the Committee having had under consideration the joint Bryson Gavagan McGranery Schwert resolution Holmes Clark Green O'Leary Wadsworth Andresen, A. H. Cluett Gifford Hope Courtney Hall, Edwin A. Osmers Welch Andrews Cole, N. Y. Gilchrist Horton Creal Harrington Parsons White, Idaho Arends Corbett Gillie Jarrett Cullen Hook Patrick White. Ohio Austin Crawford Graham Jenkins, Ohio cummings Jacobsen Risk Bates, Mass. Crowther Grant, Ind. Jensen Curtis Jeffries Ryan Bender Culkin Gross Johns Darrow Jenks, N.H. Schaefer, Dl. Blackney Dirksen Guyer, Kans. Johnson, Dl. Bolles Ditter Gwynne Johnson, Ind. So the motion to recommit was rejected. Bolton Dondero Halleck Jonkman The Clerk announced the following pairs: Brown, Ohio Douglas Hancock Kean On this vote: Carlson Dworshak Harness Keefe Carter Eaton Harter, N.Y. Kilburn Mr. Mason (for) With Mr. Cullen (against). Case, S.Dak. Elston Bartley Kinzer Mr. Jones of Ohio (!or) With Mr. Wadsworth (against). 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9739

Mr. Darrow (for) with Mr. Camp (against). Wallgren Weaver Williams, Mo. Woodrum. Va. Mr. Gartner (for) with Mr. Courtney (against). Walter West Wolverton, N.J. Zimmerman Mr. White of Ohio (for) with Mr. Dies (against). Ward · Whelchel Wood Mr. Jeffries (for) with Mr. Magnuson (against). Warren Whittington General pairs: NAYB-93 Mr. Drewry with Mr. Barton of New York. Alexander Fenton Landis Short Mrs. O'Day with Mr. Seger. Allen, Ill. Ford, Leland M. Lewis, Ohio Simpson Mr. Delaney with Mr. Bradley of Michigan. Andersen, H. Carl Gifford McDowell Smith, Ohio Mr. Doughten with Mr. Risk. Andresen, A. H. Gillie McGregor Springer Mr. Folger with Mr. Curtis. Bates, Mass. Graham McLean Sumner,m. Mr. Bates of Kentucky with Mr. Jenks of New Hampshire. Bender Grant, Ind. Maas Sweet Mr. Harrington with Mr. Luce. Bolles Gross Marshall Taber Mr. Parsons with Mr. Martin of Massachusetts. Bolton Halleck Miller Thill Mr. Hook with Mr. Gearhart. Brown. Ohio Harness Murray Thorkelson Mr. Bloom with Mr. Stearns of New Hampshire. Case, S . Dak. Hawks Pittenger Tibbett Mr. Schaefer of Illinois with Mr. Edwin A. Hall. Chiperfield Hess Plumley Tinkham Mr. Creal with Mr. Osmers. Clason Hoffman Reed, Ill. Treadway Mr. Sparkman with Mr. Thomas of New Jersey. Clevenger Holmes Reed, N.Y. VanZandt Mr. Sullivan with Mr. Goodwin. Cole, N. Y. Horton Rich Vorys, Ohio Mr. Sheridan with Mr. Welch. Crawford Jarrett Robsion, Ky. Wheat Mr. O'Leary with Mr. Vreeland. Culkin Jenkins, Ohio Rockefeller Wigglesworth Mr. Green with Mr. Fries. · Dirksen Johns Rodgers, Pa. Williams, Del. Mr. Buckley of New York with Mr. Chapman. Ditter · Johnson, Ill. Routzahn Winter Dondero Johnson, Ind. Rutherford Wolcott Mr. Clark with Mr. Celler. Douglas Jonkman Sandager Wolfenden, Pa. The result of the vote was announced as above recorded. Dworshak Kean Schafer, Wls. Youngdahl Eaton Kinzer Schiffier The SPEAKER. The question now is on the passage of Elston Knutson Seccombe the resolution. Engel Lambertson Shafer, Mich. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, on that_I de­ ANSWERED "PRESEI;lT"-1 mand the yeas and nays. Kilburn The yeas and nays were ordered. NOT VOTING-72 The question was taken; and there were-yeas 265, nays 93, Allen, Pa. Curtis Jenks, N.H. Schaefer, m. answered "present" 1, not voting 72, as follows: Andrews Darrow Jones, Ohio Seger Bates, Ky. Delaney Larrabee Sheridan [Roll No. 172] Bloom DeRouen Luce Smith, Ill. YEAB-265 Boykin Dies Magnuson Smith, W.Va. Bradley, Mich. Daughton Martin, Ill. Sparkman Allen, La. Disney Johnson, Lyndon O'Connor Bradley, Pa. Drewry Martin, Mass. Spence Anderson, Calif. Doxey Johnson, Okla. Oliver Byron Evans Mason Stearns, N. H. Anderson, Mo. Duncan Johnson, W. Va. O'Neal Caldwell Ferguson Merritt Sullivan Angell Dunn Jones, Tex. O'Toole Camp Fernandez Mitchell Taylor Arends Durham Kee Pace Carter Folger Mouton Thomas, N.J. Arnold Eberharter Keefe Patman Celler Gearhart Norton Tolan Austin Edelstein Kefauver Patton Chapman Goodwin O'Day Vreeland Ball Edmiston Keller Pearson Clark Green O'Leary Wadsworth Barden, N.C. Elliott Kelly Peterson, Fla. Courtney Hall, Edwin A. Osmers Welch Barnes Ellis Kennedy, Martin Peterson, Ga. Creal Harrington Parsons White. Idaho Barry Englebright Kennedy, Md. Pfeifer Cullen Hook Patrick White, Ohio Barton, N.Y. Faddis Kennedy, Michael Pierce Cummings Jacobsen Risk Woodruff, Mich. Beam Fay Keogh Poage Beckworth Fish Kerr Polk So the House joint resolution was agreed to. Bell Fitzpatrick Kilday Powers Blackney Flaherty Kirwan Rabaut The Clerk announced the following additional pairs: Bland Flannagan Kitchens Ramspeck On this vote: • Boehne Flannery Kleberg Randolph Boland Ford, Miss. Kocialkowski Rankin Mr. Cullen (for) with Mr. Mason (against). Boren Ford, Thomas F. Kramer Rayburn Mr. Wadsworth (for) with Mr. Jones of Ohio (against). Brewster Fries Kunkel Reece, Tenn. Mr. Courtney (for) with Mr. Darrow (against). Brooks Fulmer Lanham Rees, Kans. Mr. Dies (for) with Mr. White of Ohio (against). Brown, Ga. Gamble Lea Richards Mr. Byron (for) with Mr. Kilburn (against). Bryson Garrett Leavy Robertson General pairs: Buck Gartner LeCompte Robinson, Utah Buckler, Minn. Gathings Lemke Rogers, Mass. Mr. Drewry with Mr. Woodruff of Michigan. Buckley, N.Y. Gavagan Lesinski Rogers, Okla. Mrs. O'Day with Mr. Seger. Bulwinkle Gehrmann Lewis, Colo. Romjue Mr. Delaney with Mr. Bradley of Michigan. Burch Gerlach Ludlow Ryan Mr. Doughton with Mr. Risk. Burdick Geyer, Calif. Lynch Sabath Mr. Folger with Mr. Curtis. Burgin Gibbs McAndrews Sacks Mr. Bates of Kentucky with Mr. Jenks of New Hampshire. Byrne, N.Y. Gilchrist McArdle Sasscer Mr. Harrington with Mr. Luce. Byrns, Tenn. Gore McCormack Satterfield Mr. Parsons with Mr. Martin of Massachusetts. Cannon, Fla. Gossett McGehee Schuetz Mr. Hook with Mr. Gearhart. Cannon, Mo. Grant, Ala. McGranery Schulte Mr. Bloom with Mr. Stearns of New Hampshire. Carlson Gregory McKeough Schwert Mr. Schaefer of Illinois with Mr. Edwin A. Hall. Cartwright Griffith McLaughlin Scrugham Mr. ·creal with Mr. Osmers. Casey, Mass. Guyer, Kans. McLeod Secrest Mr. Sparkman with Mr. Thomas of New Jersey. Church Gwynne McMillan, Clara Shanley Mr. Sullivan with Mr. Goodwin. Claypool Hall, Leonard W. McMillan, John L. Shannon Mr. Sheridan with Mr. Welch. Cluett Hancock Maciejewski Sheppard Mr. O'Leary with Mr. Vreeland. Cochran Hare Mahon Smith, Conn. Mr. Camp with Mr. Andrews. Coffee, Nebr. Hart Maloney Smith, Maine Mr. Magnuson with Mr. Carter. CoffE:e Wash. Harter, N.Y. Mansfield Smith, Va. Mr. Green with Mr. Fernandez. Cole, Md. Harter, Ohio Marcantonio Smith, Wash. Mr. Clark with Mr. Celler. Collins Hartley Martin. Iowa Snyder Mr. Chapman with Mr. Tolan. Colmer Havenner Massingale Somers, N.Y. Mr. Jacobsen with Mr. Smith of West Virginia. Connery Healey May South Mr. Patrick with Mr. Merritt. Cooley Hendricks Michener Starnes, Ala. Mr. Boykin with Mr. Taylor. Cooper Hennings Mills, Ark. Steagall Mr. Larrabee with Mr. Bradley of Pennsylvania. Corbett Hill Mills, La. Stefan Mr. Cummings with Mr. Mouton. Costello Hinshaw Monlciewicz Sumners, Tex. Mr. DeRouen with Mrs. Norton. Cox Hobbs Monroney Sutphin Mr. Martin of Illinois with Mr. White of Idaho. Cravens Hope Moser Sweeney Mr. Ferguson with Mr. Evans. Crosser Houston Mott Talle Crowe Hull Mundt Tarver Mr. KILBURN. Mr. Speaker, I had a pair with the gen­ Crowther Hunter Murdock, Ariz. Tenerowicz tleman from Maryland, Mr. BYRON. If he had been present, D'AleEandro Izac Murdock, Utah Terry Darden, Va. Jarman Myers Thomas, Tex. he would have voted "aye." I voted "no." I therefore With­ Davis • Jeffries Nelson Thomason draw my vote and vote "present." Dempsey Jennings Nichols Vincent, Ky. Dickstein Jensen Norrell Vinson. Ga. The result of the vote was announced as above recorded. Dingell Johnson,LutherA. O'Brien Voorhis, Calif. A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. 9740 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 30 GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND REMARKS Mr. THORKELSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous con­ Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ sent to extend my remarks and to include therein a short mous consent that all Members may have 5 legislative days article from the New York Herald Tribune. within which to revise and extend their own remarks on the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without objection, it is so resolution just passed. ordered. The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. PACE). Is there objec- There was no objection. Mr. THORKELSON. Also, Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous tion? There was no objection. consent to extend my own remarks in the RECORD and- to include a short excerpt from a book issued by the Committee CALENDAR WEDNESDAY on Defending America. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, at the request The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without objection, it is so of the majority leader, I ask unanimous consent that busi­ ordered. ness in order on tomorrow, Calendar Wednesday, may be There was no objection. dispensed with. Mr. TINKHAM. Mr. Speaker, with unanimous consent I The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection? ask to have my remarks extended in the REcORD to include a There was no objection. dispatch from Ottawa, Canada. EXTENSION OF REMARKS The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without objection, it is so Mr. LEWIS of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, during the course ordered. of my statement on the rule I secured permission to include There was no objection. therein a letter from Mr. Gano Dunn to Mr. Stettinius. I ARMY REORGANIZATION had ilitended to ask that there be included therein a brief Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent introductory statement from the hearings, but I find when to address the House for 30 seconds. the transcript came that I evidently overlooked asking for The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without objection, it is so that permission. I now ask that I be permitted to include a ordered. brief preliminary statement from the hearings. There was no objection. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without objection, it is so Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Speaker, I was interested in the re­ ordered. marks of the gentleman from Mississippi a moment ago con­ There was no objection. cerning reorganization of the Army and possible plans in tb.at Mr. SHANLEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to direction. I hold in my hand a United Press article from the extend my remarks and include an article by Beecher Elliot Washington Daily News written in Berlin by Mr. Richard C. and an article by Colonel Martin. Hottelet explaining something of the organization of the Nazi The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without objection, it is so air force. I ask unanimous consent to revise and extend my ordered. remarks and to include the article. There was no objection. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without objection, it is so By unanimous consent, Mr. MuRDOCK of Arizona was granted ordered. permission to extend his own remarks in the RECORD. . There was no objection. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent The article referred to follows: to extend my remarks and include an editorial. SEPARATE COMMAND Is NAZI Am SECRET The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without objection, it is so (By Richard C. Hottelet) ordered. BERLIN, July 29.-The German Air Force, which started from There was no objection. scratch 6 years ago, has become indisputably the world's greatest. Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent Witness Poland, Norway, the Low Countries, France. The one factor which, more than any other, made the Reich's to extend my remarks and include therein an article from "Luftwaffe" what it is today wa.c> unified organization-organization Time magazine on the gentleman from New Mexico, the Hon­ so perfect in detail that the German Air Force can function in one orable JACK DEMPSEY. capacity or a dozen, in whole or in part, in offense or in defense The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without objection, it is so without a hitch and at a moment's notice. ordered. STREAMLINED The Luftwaffe is modern and streamlined in all its parts. There was no objection. As one of Germany's three armed services, with which it is co­ Mr. RANKIN.- Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to equal, the air force has its own commander in chief. With the extend my remarks and include certain tables which I have army and navy, it is subject to orders from Hitler's high command, prepared. the supreme unifying and coordinating power. Non-German experts acquainted with the air force's organization The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without objection, it is so have reported that it functions with an efficiency rare in such large ordered. and ramified bodies. There was no objection. The methods of organization and the routines followed not only are brand new, these experts have discovered, but are also com­ PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE pletely flexible so that they may be changed to meet new situations Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that and to allow the greatest possible discretion to the numerous responsible officials. on tomorrow, after disposition of business on the Speaker's The air force is not, as recent history may have seemed to indicate, desk and the conclusion of the legislative business of the day, a purely offensive service. It includes every branch of Germany's I may be permitted to address the House for 20 minutes. defense against air attack, including all antiaircraft artillery. It The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection? also bas its own signal and medical corps as well as other specialized groups which enable it to operate as a self-contained unit. There was no objection. The air force may operate independently, or in conjunction Mr. COLLINS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to with the army and navy. Air force units may be detached for extend my own remarks by inserting in the RECORD an ad­ service under army or navy command. Discretion for such em­ dress delivered last Sunday night by Col. Richard R. Mc­ ployment of the air force lies exclusively with the high command. Although Reich Field Marshal Hermann Wilhelm Goering out­ Cormick, editor and publisher of the Chicago Tribune, on the ranks Admiral Erich Raeder, Navy Commander in Chief, and Gen. necessity for the reorganization of the structure of the Army. Field Marsh al Walther von Brauchitsch, Army Commander in Chief, The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without objection, it is so the air force itself enjoys no precedence over the other two branches. ordered. POLISH CAMPAIGN There was no objection. The past 11 months have illustrated how the air force works. In an operation like the Polish campaign, the army would request Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous con­ a certain number of planes and antiaircraft batteries for local sent to extend my own remarks in the RECORD and to include reconnaissance, artillery observation, and protection. therein a radio speech I delivered last Sunday night. These units would be temporarily detached by the high com­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without objection, it is so mand and placed under direct command of the army. Meanwhile, the main body of the air force would be operating in its own sphere, ordered. bombing enemy lines of communications and air bases and fighting There was no objection. enemy airplanes. 1940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 9741

In an operation over difficult terrain and acro~s a body of water, ADJOURN-MENT as in the Norwegian campaign, the air force would be closely coor­ . dinated with the navy as well as the army. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I move that In a mixed campaign involving land as well as water operations, the House do now adjourn. as in the offensive against France and Britain, air power would be The motion was agreed -to; accordingly (at 6 o'clock and 38 used constantly both independently and in coordination with land and sea forces. minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until tomorrow, Wed· At the outset of the drive, acting in its own realm, the air force nesday, July 31, 1940, at 12 o'clock noon. would strike en masse against enemy air bases with a view to seizing air superiority at once. If success met this attempt, large units might then be detached for army service to aid ground forces EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. to smash their way deeper into enemy territory. Always, however, whatever its function of the moment, the air Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive communications . force is cooperating with its brother services in driving toward some were taken fl'om the Speaker's table and referred as follows: . specific strategic objective. 1859. A communication from the President of the United FLEXmiLITY FIRST States, transmitting the draft of a proposed joint resolution The air force's antiaircraft batteries were employed against enemy to provide for the strengthening of the national defense; to tanks and even warships as well as against enemy planes. In all instances the greatest flexibility of operation was maintained, and the Committee on Military Affairs. there was no adherence to set schemes of action merely for the 1860. A communication from the President of the United . scheme's sake. States, transmitting emergency supplemental estimates of In overseas operations the air force would act independently, raiding enemy industries, harbors, and other military objectives, appropriations for the Navy Department and the naval serv­ and in c1ose cooperation with the navy, bombing enemy shipping ice for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1941, totaling $75,- or hunting submarines. 750,000, plus contract authorizations totaling $46,230,000 (H. An illustration of the air arm's flexibility was the organization Doc. No. 888); the Committee on Appropriations and of Germany's crack parachute troops. The original idea was Gen. to Ernst Udet's, whose job at the time ostensibly was in connection ordered to be printed. with the technical development of plane engines. But there was no jealousy or quibbling, and, according to one non-German aviation expert, "No one complained that he was REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS AND overstepping the functions of his office-they all helped." RESOLUTIONS The Reich is divided into four nir fleets (luftfoltten), each of which includes several air districts (luftgaue). In addition, there Under clause 2 of rule XIII, are special districts covering small areas of greater military vulner­ Mr. EBERHARTER: Committee on Claims. S. 419. An act ability, such as Berlin, Leipzig, and the Ruhr industrial valley. for the relief of Luke A. Westenberger; with amendment The air fleet command is in charge of all operations and all plane Hawaii. Insular Affairs. _9742 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 31 H. J. Res. 586 (by request). Joint resolution transferring the 9088. By Mr. SCHWERT: Petition of Bishop John A. administration of the homestead projects established in the Duffy, of Buffalo, appealing for exemption of students for the Virgin Islands from the government of the Virgin Islands to priesthood from compulsory military service; to the Commit­ the Department of Agriculture; to the Committee on Insular tee on Military Affairs. Affairs. 9089. By Mr. STEARNS of New Hampshire: Petition of Mr. By Mr. HOFFMAN: and Mrs. George Foote and others of Dublin, N. H., petitioning H. Res. 559. Resolution requesting certain information from immediate legislation to enable the United States to send ships the Postmaster General; to the Committee on the Post Office and convoys to remove British children to the United States; and Post Roads. to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 9090. By Mr. SUTPHIN: Petition of the New Jersey Society PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Sons of the American Revolution, urging a strong united mili­ tant spirit of Americanism, compulsory training, and the com­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private bills and resolutions pletion of an adequate preparedness for national defense, and were introduced and severally referred as follows: opposing granting any rights and privileges to any groups By Mr. FAY: owing allegiance to any foreign power; to the Committee on H. R. 10252. A bill for the relief of Karl Eduard von Vieting­ Military Affairs. hoff-Scheel; to the Committee on Immigration and Naturali­ 9091. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the Midwest Federa­ zation. tion of American Syrian Lebanon Clubs, Indianapolis, Ind., By Mr. KRAMER: petitioning consideration of their resolution with reference to H. R. 10253. A bill for the relief of Eugene Gruen and allegiance to the Government of the United States of his wife Kate; to the Committee on Immigration and America; to the Committee on Ways and Means. Naturalization. By Mr. MACIEJEWSKI: H. R. 10254. A bill to enable Vladas Barciauskas to remain permanently in the United States; to the Committee on Immi­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gration and Naturalization. WEDNESDAY, JULY 31, 1940 H. R. 10255. A bill for the relief of Edgar Jack Chaplin; to the Committee on Naval Affairs. The House met at 12 o'clock noon and was called to order By Mr. PETERSON of Florida: by the Speaker. H. R.10256. A bill for the relief of Mrs. J. W. Stackhouse; The Reverend Bernard Braskamp, D. D., pastor of Gunton­ to the· Committee on Claims. Temple Memorial Presbyterian Church, Washington, D. C., By Mr. REECE of Tennessee: offered the following prayer: H. R. 10257. A bill for the relief of Richard Padgett; to Almighty God, whose goodness and mercy have followed the Committee on Claims. us all our days, we come into Thy presence through the gate­ H. R. 10258. A bill granting a pension to Clara Rosenbalm way of prayer. Thou wilt never close this way, for Thy Hale; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. fatherly heart is always open with love. in response to those By Mr. SABATH: who seek Thee. H. R. 10259. A bill for the relief of Kresimir Matijevic; to In all our duties give us Thy help; in our perplexities, Thy the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. counsel; in our dangers, Thy protection; and in our sorrows, By Mr. SHEPPARD: Thy peace. When the evening shadows betoken the end of H. R.10260. A bill for the J."elief of Walter J. Bittman; to the day, may a conscience that is peaceful and a heart that is the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. happy be Thy testimony that w~ have tried to make life less By Mr. TENEROWICZ: difficult for the distressed and afilicted. H. R. 10261. A bill for the relief of Paul Szeliga; to the Com­ Grant that our beloved country may be the abode of peace mittee on Immigration and Naturalization. and prosperity, of truth and justice, of righteousness and By Mr. THOMASON: freedom. Keep us true to our historic ideals of integrity H. R.10262. A bill for the relief of Emily Barlow; to the and unselfish service to needy humanity. May this Nation Committee on Claims. be an ambassador of God, leading the way toward a civiliza­ tion built upon the principles of the Kingdom of Heaven. PETITIONS, ETC. In the name of the King of Kings we pray. Amen. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions and papers were The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: approved. 9083. By Mr. COLE of Maryland: Resolution recently MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE adopted by the Optimist Club of North.Baltimore, Inc., Tow­ A message from the Senate, by Mr. Frazier, its legislative son, Md.; to the Committee on Military Affairs. clerk, announced that the Senate had passed without amend­ 9084. By Mr. ELSTON: Petition of Richard A. Forberg, ment a joint resolution of the House of the following title: secretary of Cincinnati Youth Committee Against War, and 30 other members of such committee, petitioning Congress to H. J. Res. 583. Joint resolution making an additional ap­ oppose and defeat the Burke-Wadsworth bill and all similar propriation for the Tennessee Valley Authority for the fiscal bills which propose compulsory military training in peace­ year 1941 to provide facilities to expedite the national defense. time; to the Committee on Military Affairs. The message also announced that the Senate agrees to the 9085. By Mr. HARTER of New York: Petition of the amendment of the House to a bill of the Senate of the follow­ Women's Committee of the Niagara Frontier Defense Com­ ing title: mittee, favoring House bill 10213, to permit American vessels S. 4037. An act to confer jurisdiction upon the United to assist in the evacuation of refugee children from the war States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky zones; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. to hear, determine, and render judgment upon the claim of 9086. By Mr. MONKIEWICZ: Resolution of the Court of Theodore R. Troendle, for the Dawson Springs Construction Common Council of the city of Rockville, Conn., fully endors­ Co. ing national-defense program and pledging fullest coopera­ SECOND SUPPLEMENTAL NATIONAL-DEFENSE APPROPRIATION BILL, tion in helping strengthen our defenses; to the Committee on FISCAL YEAR 1941 Military Affairs. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia, from the Committee on Ap­ 9087. By Mrs. NORTON: Petition signed by 477 members· propriations, reported the bill (H. R. 10263) making supple­ of the New Jersey Homing Pigeon Concourse Association, mental appropriations for the national defense for the fiscal Inc., endorsing and urging the enactment of House bill 7813, year ending June 30, 1941, and for other purposes (Rept. No. a bill entitled "To Safeguard the Homing Pigeon"; to the 2810), which was read a first and second time and, With the Committee on Agriculture. accompanying report, referred to the Committee of the